Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Issue 1 (36), 2017.
CONTENTS
DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN HISTORY
NATIONAL RELATIONS AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
THE PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
REVIEWS
Review of the monograph: Medvedev, N.P. Political crises and conflicts: theory and practice. – M.: Publishing house of the journal "Questions of Political Science", 2017. – 176 p.
DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN HISTORY
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Professor at the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
THE STATE DUMA AND THE FEDERATION COUNCIL IN 1993: HISTORY OF THE FIRST MEETINGS
The article analyzes political developments in 1993-1994. The adoption of the new Constitution of Russia and election of deputies of the Federal Assembly on the basis of new principles have changed the balance of political powers. A multiparty system began to develop in Russia. The President and the Government have strengthened their positions. Intriguing began to develop in the presidential Administration.
Key words: the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council, State Duma, deputies of the Parliament, the presidential Administration, system of government, multiparty system, the alignment of political forces, intriguing.
V.Zh. DOROKHOV Candidate of Sciences (history), associate Professor, Deputy head of the Department of socio-humanitarian and economic disciplines of the Far East Institute of Law of the Interior Ministry of Russia, Khabarovsk, Russia
LACK OF PERSONNEL IN THE SOVIET UNION MILITIA IN 1945-1949 (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KHABAROVSK TERRITORY)
Сircumstances of wartime, 1941-1945. They led to a professional level leaching of the militia authorities of the USSR. Instead he went to the front to work in the militia came yesterday's schoolchildren, women or older persons of military age, many of which were not by vocation, and at the call. As a result, after the war with the militia authorities in the 1945-1949 biennium. became permanent observed "turnover" of personnel, due to the mass exodus of previously mobilized contingent, severe and even life threatening conditions, when inadequately low assessment of their work. As a consequence of this was reflected in the professional and educational level of the militia officers, the growing number of breaches of discipline and crimes by the actions of the militia.
Key words: USSR Interior Ministry, the police, education, discipline violations, the problem of personnel, material support of police officers.
S.P. ARTEEV lecturer of the Department of political science and international relations Humanities Institute of Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin, Syktyvkar, Russia
L.V. LYAMTSEVA Ph.D., associate Professor of the Department of history of Russia and foreign countries of the Institute of history and law of Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin, Syktyvkar, Russia
FINNO-UGRIC CULTURAL SPACE: THE EXPERIENCE OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE KOMI REPUBLIC AND HUNGARY
The article is devoted to issues of a transnational cultural space, covering the subjects of the Russian Federation, inhabited by Finno-Ugric peoples, and foreign Finno-Ugric States represented Hungary, Finland and Estonia. The authors focus on the interaction of the Komi Republic and Hungary in the sphere of culture in the 1990s and 2000s. The aim of paper is to provide a multidimensional analysis of the Komi-Hungarian cultural cooperation. To achieve the goal, the task of identifying both the significant achievements and any glaring problem areas. Theoretical and methodological basis of research is historical-genetic and systematic methods. Also used content analysis. As a result, the authors note the successes of the Komi-Hungarian cooperation in the field of traditional cultural landscape. At the same time innovative cultural landscape in its quantitative and qualitative characteristics clearly inferior to traditional. Noted organizational problems, particularly in terms of establishing and maintaining sister city relationship between the towns of Komi Republic and Hungary. The authors come to the conclusion that there is considerable potential for cultural cooperation between the Komi Republic and Hungary. At the same time to move Komi-Hungarian cultural cooperation to a qualitatively higher level, it is necessary to establish strategic planning at new level.
Key words: Komi Republic, Hungary, federalism, ethnic relations, international relations of the state regions.
A.V. SHIPILOV candidate of cultural science, doctoral candidate of chair of history and cultural science, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after B.N. Yeltsin, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
THE CULTURE OF KYRGYZSTAN IN EPOCH OF CHANGES (90th of the XX century)
The problems of maintenance and development of culture of Kyrgyzstan open up on the initial stage of sovereign, in 90th of the XX century. Basic attention is spared to the sphere of education, social-economic problems and efforts of the state on their overcoming.
Key words: economic crisis, unemployment, «shuttle business», emigration, cultural values, establishments of culture.
Ch.R. ALABERDOV post-graduate student at the faculty of international relations of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
HISTORIC BACKGROUND OF THE SYRIAN CONFLICT: KEY GEOPOLITICAL PLAYERS
In the spring of 2011, an armed conflict broke out in the Syrian Arab Republic between the supporters of President Bashar al Assad and forces of the Syrian opposition. The article reveals problems and historic background of the conflict in Syria. It identifies the main interested countries. It gives a detailed analysis of the goals and objectives set before the Russian Federation as the main actor in the international arena, with an influence in the region. It identifies countermeasures, as well as the main methods and ways of resolving the crisis.
Key words: the Syrian conflict, Syria, Russia, crisis, Bashar al-Assad, war, the Geneva peace talks, geopolitical interests, international community.
A.A. FOMENKO PhD student, Voronezh State University Department of contemporary Russian history and historiography, Voronezh, Russia
THE PROBLEMS OF THE NATION IN CONTEMPORARY CONSTRUCTIVIST HISTORIOGRAPHY
The article is focused on the different viewpoints of scholars and politicians on the concept of «nation». The author, as an adherent of the radical constructivism's ideas presumes that this term is an attempt to use it for the political purposes in manipulations of society and attempts to prove its inconsistency.
Key words: nation, identity, constructivist approaches, the control of masses, state.
NATIONAL RELATIONS AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
А.Х. ABDULAEV post-graduate student at the Chair of national and federative relations of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and State Service, Head of the Education Department of the Khasavyurt district of Dagestan, senior expert of the Moscow anti-corruption Committee at the Moscow Chamber of Trade and Industry, Russia, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan
DEVELOPING DAGESTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF STATE REFORMS
The article analyzes the Republic of Dagestan development problem, considers the situation during R. G. Abdulatipov's period of reign and discusses messages of the head of the Republic to the National Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan.
Key words: Republic of Dagestan, socio-economic development, region, message to the National Assembly.
G.N. МUSAEV post-graduate student at the Chair of national and federative relations of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and State Service, Moscow, Russia
ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICTS: THE QUESTIONS OF TYPOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION
The article analyzes the problem of typology and classification of ethnic conflicts.
Key words: typology, classification, ethnic conflicts, typology criteria of ethnic conflict.
A.N. KOBEL'KOV post-graduate student, Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAN), Moscow, Russia
TRANSNATIONAL TURKISH DIASPORA AS A FACTOR OF THE EVOLUTION OF GERMAN-TURKISH RELATIONS
This article is devoted to the study of the formation, development and institutionalization of the Turkish diaspora in Germany, which at the beginning of the XXI century acquired a transnational nature. The author set himself the goal not only to describe this phenomenon, but also to reveal its political significance for the bilateral relations of Germany and Turkey. To achieve this goal, the economic importance of the Turkish Diaspora in Germany, its organizational structure and the political-ideological approaches of official Ankara to their compatriots abroad are also analyzed. The main result of the study was the confirmation of the fact that the Turkish diaspora in Germany has indeed acquired a transnational character, and its successful development allows Turkey to count on mitigating the imbalance caused by Germany's political and economic advantage in bilateral relations. At the same time, the Turkish community is not merely a vehicle for the interests of the government. Now it has acquired an independent subjectivity. Under these conditions, there is an aggravation of the struggle for the sympathy of Germans of Turkish origin using the "soft power" methods.
Key words: Germany, Turkey, Diaspora, Transnationalisation, Migration.
L.N. KRASNOV post-graduate student at the Chair of political analysis and management of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
RADICAL UKRAINIZATION: NEW LANGUAGE POLICY PROJECTS
The article is devoted to analysis of the influence of language policy on the political stability in Ukraine. The paper studies the current legislation of Ukraine, dedicated to the development of language policy and provisions of the latest bills regarding the status of languages on the territory of Ukraine. The author analyzes trends in the development of language policy in contemporary Ukraine.
Key words: political stability, language policy, conflicts, inter-ethnic relations, national minorities, Ukrainization.
M.N. NIKONOVA post-graduate student at the Chair of national and federative relations of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and State Service, Moscow, Russia
NORMATIVE-APPRAISAL PROPERTY OF INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL CLUSTER POLICY
The article is devoted to the substantiation of the availability of normative and evaluative properties of various institutions, including the institutions of regional cluster policy.
Key words: institute, institutional factor, normative, regional cluster policy.
THE PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
V.О. SARUKHANYAN Candidate of Sciences (law), assistant professor at the Chair of political analysis and management of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
Т.А. GUSARSKAYA senior lecturer at the Chair of political analysis and management of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
CORRUPTION AND MONEY LAUNDERING: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES FOR THE MODERN STATE PART I
The article examines issues related to the corruption and money laundering. In particular, the article presents the special attention of international community to such types of offences; reveals potential threats they represent to the national security and state system as a result of symbiosis between corruption and money laundering. The article describes the common characteristics of international conventions and international structures, the interaction of which is targeted to combat such crimes. Based on the examined materials recommendations are developed to form an effective system against corruption and money laundering.
Key words: corruption, the fight against money laundering, money laundering, anti-corruption, national security, international cooperation, FATF, international conventions.
R.А. SANTIKOV post-graduate student at the Chair of national and federative relations of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and State Service, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES AND PROBLEMS OF CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article considers problems of formation of the civil society in Russia. It describes ways of development of the civil society and negative factors that hinder its development.
Key words: civil society, political parties, civil society institutions.
S.V. МАSYUK post-graduate student at the Chair of state management and political technologies of the State Management University, advisor for interaction with public authorities to the General Director of PJSC "Institute of human stem cells", Moscow, Russia
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY POLICY IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC HEALTH
In the article, the author considers theoretical questions of corporate social responsibility in general and in the field of public health in particular. He explores the views of both domestic and foreign scholars on this issue.
Key words: corporate social responsibility, principles, content, aims, levels, directions, public health, Russia, the USA, Europe.
L.E. TIKHONOVA graduate student history of Russia Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russia
MANIFESTATIONS OF THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ELECTORAL ACTIVITY OF CITIZENS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2013-2015
This material is a study on the review of the theoretical understanding of the concept of "electoral activity". In the current domestic investigations related to the consideration of the progress and results of the elections at various levels, there is a different understanding of the manifestation of electoral activity of citizens. There is no single well-established views on the forms and methods of manifestation of this activity among the youth environment or more age audience. Electoral activity of Russian elections 2000s. quite different from the 1990s. and if in that period of our political science accumulated terminological system, relying on overseas studies, with the change of the electoral law during the reign of Vladimir Putin, a number of terms requested clarification of its content, so you can use them more properly in the analysis of the federal and regional elections of officers.
The main problem of Russian elections, at the present stage of historical development is not reduction of direct voter turnout (it fits in the rate), and the expansion of the negative electoral activity. The breakdown of the negative trends in this area, is possible only on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of a broad and systemic approach that includes confidence-building measures, not only the institution of elections, increasing their level of openness, and active opposition to the destructive propaganda of negative electoral activity.
A more precise classification will allow to see the reasons for non-participation or manifestations of protest voting, among the various groups of the population and especially among the youth, as the most prone to manipulation by various political parties. In turn, this will allow to propose measures to enhance the positive political activism.
Key words: electoral activity, the regional elections, Russian statehood, public opinion, electoral campaigns.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
V.F. PRYAKHIN D.Sc. (political science), Club of Rome National Committee member Professor, Department of Area Studies and Foreign Policy, RSUH, Moscow, Russia
GLOBALIZATION: WORLD ORDER, WORLD POLITICS AND WORLD VIEW
With the Cold War coming to an end the very definition of ideology was subjected to a kind of "ostracism" as an absolute evil, which in many ways engendered irreconcilability of the parties in the confrontation between East and West. At the same time, the essence of ideology as an objective reality of the development of society and international relations was ignored.
Due to the misuse of this term, the confusion of notions has occurred. The general public and some scholars still understand ideology as foreign political propaganda and instrumental set for waging information wars.
Meanwhile, the need of a new democratic world order in the context of globalization urgently requires the system of political, legal, moral, religious, aesthetic and philosophical views in which people's attitudes to reality are realized and evaluated. This system should unite all peoples and individuals, regardless of their social, racial or religious affiliation. Thus, an ideology is needed in the primordial true interpretation concept of this word.
This article offers an author's idea of the main provisions of such an ideology.
Key words: globalization, global governance, global problems, the world order, ideology, world view, religion, science, public opinion, civil society.
A.N. MIKHAYLENKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of International security and Russian foreign policy chair at the Department of national security, Institute of law and national security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
PERSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNIONS’ EXTERNAL DEVELOPMENT
The article deals with the external directions of the EurAsian Economic Unions’ development. They include the expansion of the Unions’ membership, creation of various partnerships on the basis of EAEU, establishment of free trade zones with interested countries, as well as conjugation of the EurAsian Economic Union with the Chinese project "Economic belt of the Silk Road." The problems in these projects are analyzed and their solutions are offered.
Key words: EurAsian Economic Union, partnership, free trade zone, conjugation, China, the Economic belt of the Silk Road.
I.S. AMIANTOVA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), associate Professor at the Chair of political science and political administration of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and State Service, lecturer at the Department of humanities and social sciences of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AS A METHOD OF SOLVING POLITICAL PROBLEMS
The problem of sanctions in political management among the states is covered in the article. The author analyses the legal aspects of such kind of impact tools in terms of comparative studies. Political and economy sanctions against Russia case are investigated separately.
Key words: European Union (EU), political conflict, sanctions, United Nations (UN), Minsk agreements, foreign policy.
N.U. HANALYEV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), staff member of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
SYRIAN NODE IN THE BALANCE OF GEOPOLITICAL FORCES IN THE MIDDLE EAST
The article attempts to identify and analyze some of the key factors underlying the Syrian conflict, its contours, the nature and impact on the balance of geopolitical forces in the whole Greater Middle East. The main attention is given to substantiate the thesis that a key importance in this regard is the geopolitical factor. It is shown that the decisive role in the radical change in the composition of participants and configuration of geopolitical forces played the Russia`s return to the region as one of the major players, without which it is impossible to solve any of its any significant problems.
Key words: Russia, the US, Europe, Syria, the Syrian node, war, conflict, civil war, terrorism, geopolitics, Islam and others.
E.Т. МЕKHDIEV Candidate of Sciences (history), researcher at the Centre for Post-Soviet Studies of the Institute of International Studies (IIS) of the Institute of International Relations, Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
COOPERATION BETWEEN AZERBAIJAN AND THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO): JOINT PROJECTS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
NATO and Azerbaijan are actively cooperating in the field of democratic, institutional and military reforms. The main areas of cooperation include: good governance, democratic oversight of defence and security, defence planning and shaping of the defense budget, reorganization of the structure of the armed forces with the use of the NATO's norms and standards. In addition to providing support in the implementation of reforms, another important objective of NATO's cooperation with Azerbaijan is the development of the ability of the country's armed forces to interact with the forces of NATO countries.
Key words: Azerbaijan, the Armenian-Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, security, military reform, peacekeeping, NATO, regional security, South Caucasus.
E.N. PRIMOVA PhD (history), leading researcher at Scientific an Research Institute of the Academy of the General Prosecution Office of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
PARTICULARITIES OF FEDERAL AND LAND RELATIONS IN GERMANY
The article analyzes the basic principles, forms, relationship arrangements between the federal government and the Länder. The main attention is focused on the identification of the major components of the so-called unitary federalism and German variant of cooperative federalism. It is shown that in Germany, the division of competencies has its own peculiarities, which consists in the fact that the legislative competences of the Fundamental Law of the country secured predominantly by the federal center, and competencies in the field of management – mainly due to land.
Key words: Germany, the Basic Law, the Federation, the state, the land, the Bundestag, the Bundesrat, the law, relations, competencies, and others.
T.V. CRECHUN Master at the Department of theory and history of international relations of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
E.F. CHERNENKO Candidate of Sciences (economics), assistant professor of the Department of theory and history of international relations of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
FOREIGN POLICY COOPERATION OF FRANCE WITH EU COUNTRIES ON MIGRATION ISSUES
Since the beginning of XXI century began to occur significant changes in France’s foreign policy that is largely due to the state of migration processes. Assimilation of immigrants from Muslim countries in France are faced with the desire to preserve the immigrants to their Islamic identity.
Currently migration policy in France is characterized by the restrictive measures of the immigrant flow that was the result of the transformation of the liberal migration policy of the Republic of the mid-twentieth century in a policy of control over the number and quality of immigrants.
Key words: migration, foreign policy, European Union, migration policy.
F.P. URAZAYEVA Candidate of historical sciences, Senior lecturer, Department of International Relations and World Economy, Faculty of International Relations, Al-Farabi Kazakh National university, Almaty, Kazakhstan
JAPAN RELATIONS CO COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA
Prospects of Japan's relations with post-Soviet countries are dependent on its ability to set clear goals for each direction, and take concrete steps to implement them. It is also an important role to play Japan's ability to defend its strategic interests in the conditions when the international political situation can change in an instant.
In the economic sphere an important objective for Japan is to promote private capital to Central Asian countries, which requires the creation of appropriate political and economic conditions. The friendly political relations, the principle of noninterference in internal affairs, the implementation of humanitarian and infrastructure projects, as well as the investment policy – are the main tools of Japan in this regard. Important here is the need to establish a reliable and security in Central Asia that can be achieved through co-operation within the framework of the "Central Asia plus Japan" and its further development.
Key words: Japan, Central Asia, Collaboration, development, politics.
HONG SERYUN Post-graduate student of the Department of History of International Relations and foreign policy of Russia Moscow State Institute of International Relations, Moscow, Russia
NORTH-EAST ASIA (CHINA, SOUTH KOREA, JAPAN) IN RUSSIAN PROJECTS OF DEVELOPING THE ARCTIC
The article examines the activities of China, South Korea and Japan in the Arctic region. The author explores the interests of these countries in the Arctic and ways to achieve them, in particular through joint projects with Russia. Among the countries of Northeast Asia, China is most actively involved in Arctic issues to achieve its strategic goals, including through investments in projects of the Arctic states. Interaction with Russian companies includes projects related to the extraction of energy resources and the creation of transport infrastructure. Japan is trying to expand its presence in the Arctic, which is due to its interest in significant energy reserves. Russia is regarded by Japan as one of the partners in the development of Arctic resources and the development of shipping along the Northern Sea Route, but political disagreements can impede full-fledged cooperation. South Korea is also interested in developing energy, mineral and other resources of the Arctic region, using the logistics potential of the NSR and scientific and technical cooperation. In conclusion, the author offers a number of initiatives that can be implemented in bilateral cooperation between South Korea and Russia.
Key words: North-East Asia, Arctic region, South Korea, energy resources of the Arctic, Northern Sea Route, China, Japan.
LEPING XIONG Post-graduate (PhD student) of the Department of Political Analysis and Management of Faculty of Humanitarian and Social Sciences of the People’s Friendship University of Russia, China
THE UNITED STATES PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: SOFT POWER OR POLITICAL SHOW?
The article describes the main features of the presidential elections in the US and reveals the advantages of the electoral process. The author believes that countries, including Russia and China as the world powers, should use the experience of the US to be able to promote their values and to the rest of the world using the "soft power". On the other hand, the election campaign in 2016 looked like a political show. The author relies upon mass-media for the data on relevant events and analyzes the reasons. The author makes a forecast and suggests a strategy of further actions for China and Russia.
Key words: USA, election, ‘‘soft power’’, show, China, Russia.
V.V. OVSEPYAN post-graduate student at the Chair of political analysis and management of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE COINAGE OF NATIONAL STATES IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS
At the end of 1991, as result of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, along with other Soviet republics, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia gained independence. The emergence on the international scene of new actors in world politics, and a relatively favorable international environment have become a unique opportunity for the construction of the nation-state and formation of civil society. However, it was impossible to fill the vacuum that was formed with the collapse of the Soviet Union only with the resources of indigenous peoples. International intergovernmental, non-governmental and governmental organizations immediately drew their attention to the new, post-soviet region. Various funds and organizations were opened to support both the general development and the development of civil society institutions in the post-communist countries, including the republics of the South Caucasus. International and local NGOs have made an enormous contribution to the formation of civil society in the countries of the South Caucasus.
Key words: civil society, NGOs, the Soviet legacy, democratic transformation, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia.
I.Y. BAKULIA postgraduate student, working for a PHD at the Department of National and Federative Relations of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF SOUTH AFRICA
This article is written on the basis of the analysis of the material presented in the Vision of a Free South Africa E. S. Reddy, Mainstream New York, 1994, and other historiographical sources. There is a General belief that the Indians arrived in South Africa as a labor force in 1860. A new wave of emigration began with the arrival of Gandhi in South Africa. Here he first put forward the idea of non-violent resistance to tyranny. A 20-year struggle of Gandhi in South Africa led to significant institutional change.
Key words: slavery, prison, racism, racial segregation, transverse Indian Congress non-violent resistance.
Z.М. КURBONOVA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), working for a doctorate degree at the Institute of philosophy, political science and law named after A. Bahovaddinov of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
EXISTENCE PROBLEMS OF ENCLAVES, WAYS AND METHODS OF THEIR DECISIONS
An article is devoted to enclave’s problems and their decisions. An existence of enclaves regardless of their location causes people to distrust and curiosity. How these anomalies could arise? On the center of article author places three aspects. How do enclaves actually arise? What determines the strength of their ties with the mother country? And which ways of their decisions are in the present days?
Key words: enclave, arisen of enclaves, surrounding state, decisions of enclaves, abnormal geographical phenomena.