Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 11. Issue 1 (70), 2021.
CONTENTS
DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS
DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.001
ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia
ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF ADYGHE SOCIETY
This article is devoted to one of the poly-ethnic regions of Eurasia, in particular, the Western Caucasus. It is emphasized that the factor of ethnic origin is of great importance for the Caucasian peoples, as it largely determines the way of life and mores of society. It is noted that the Adygs, once one of the numerous ethnic groups of the Western Caucasus, were forced to leave their native places and move to the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the XIX century. Currently, the Adygs live in Russia and abroad, and retain their identity.
Key words: Adygi, Caucasus, Caucasian war, Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire, ethnos.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.002
E.I. TEMCHUK Researcher of the research center of the Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
A.S. STEPANOV Doctor of historical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Research Center (Fundamental Military-Historical Problems), Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
THE 1917 CAMPAIGN – THE FAILED TRIUMPH OF RUSSIAN ARMS
The article is devoted to a comprehensive review of the 1917 campaign on the Eastern front of the First world war, aiming to provide an objective explanation of the most mysterious paradox in the history of the conflict, which consisted in the fact that one of the key powers of the winning coalition was not among the winners and whether such a scenario was inevitable and only possible for the Russian Empire at that historical moment.
Key words: World war I, the 1917 campaign, the Russian front, the Russian Empire, the Entente, the Central powers, the revolution.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.003
А.А. SEMYONOV Doctor of historical sciences, professor the head of the department of humanitarian disciplines Armavir mekhaniko-Institute of Technology in "The Kuban state technological university", Armavir, Russia
FORMATION OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN EMERGENCY COMMISSION AND ITS EMERGENCY BODIES IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION IN 1917-1919
This article is devoted to the analysis of the formation process of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission and its emergency bodies on the territory of the Middle Volga region in 1917-1919. The author considered the following points in the work: first, the evolution of the views of the leaders of Bolshevism on the need to form security agencies; secondly, the process of creating a Cheka to combat counterrevolution, sabotage and crimes by positions and regional structures. and thirdly, the regional peculiarities of the exclusion of the county emergency commissions. As a result of the work, it was revealed that, despite the heterogeneous process of the formation of emergency bodies, they quickly took a firm place in the system of state bodies and began their main task – the fight against counter-revolution, speculation, and malfeasance.
Key words: Dzerzhinsky, Military Revolutionary Committee, all-russian extraordinary commission, emergency commissions, the Middle Volga region.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.004
А.P. VOLKOV Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor, Senior Researcher at the Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
А.А. VOLKOV Cadet at the Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
MILITARY LAW ACADEMY OF THE RED ARMY DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: SOME ASPECTS OF ITS HISTORY
On the basis of new archival documents, the article examines some aspects of the history of the Military Law Academy of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. The article shows participation of the Academy in the defensive battles on the outskirts of Moscow and the organization of the defense of Ashgabat from the Iranian border. At the same time, it gives examples of the internal life of the Academy with all its pros and cons. The authors note the existence of strict party control over the entire life of the Academy on the example of the discussion of the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) of 1944 “On shortcomings and errors in the coverage of the history of German philosophy of the late XVIII and early XIX centuries” held at the Academy in July, 1944. The article also shows shortcoming in the ideological work with the students and staff of the Academy during the wartime.
Key words: Military Law Academy, the Great Patriotic War, defense of Moscow, cadets, ideology, party organizations, political report, political bodies, educational process, discussion, advanced training courses for higher legal staff, political vigilance.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.005
I.A. BULATOV Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of History and cultural studies, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov, Russia
I.M. BYSTROVA Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of History and cultural studies, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov, Russia
A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE DATE OF THE APPEARANCE OF THE NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF RUSSIAN PATHFINDERS
The National Organization of Russian Pathfinders (NORR) was a prominent phenomenon of Russian emigration in the 30s of the XX century. Its patrons were grand dukes and famous officers of the White armies, numerous newspapers and magazines enthusiastically wrote about the Pathfinders, parents were happy to give their children to an organization where they would be raised in the native Russian spirit. But after the World War II, the movement declined and was almost forgotten. In recent years, researchers have rediscovered this organization, but there are still numerous gaps and controversial points. One of the issues on which different information can be found in the scientific literature is the question of the date of the organization of Pathfinders. The proposed article will attempt to understand the origins of this discussion and provide a definitive answer. The research focuses on the scientific literature, which deals with the question of the origin of NORR. As auxiliary sources, modern publications of this organization, published both by Pathfinders and simply mentioning their activities, and archival materials are used. Based on a comparison of scientific literature and sources, the paper concludes that the Pathfinders from the moment of their appearance mythologized their history, which subsequently interfered with the work of researchers. Also adding to the confusion was the use of the term "Pathfinder" ("razvedchik"), which was simultaneously used for self-designation by Russian Scouts and NORR. These two factors explain the existence of different versions about the time of the appearance of this organization.
Key words: NORR, scouting, Russian emigration, P.N. Bogdanovich, national education.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.006
K.A. USHMAEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Stavropol State Pedagogical University, Stavropol, Russia
A.S. GONCHAROV Bachelor's Degree, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia
SOCIAL STEREOTYPES ABOUT COSSACKS IN SOVIET FILMS «OVER KUBAN», «DAURIA» AND «FATHER'S HOUSE»
This article is devoted to the study of historical and social stereotypes about the Russian Cossacks. In the course of the study, we analyze the nature and structure of the social stereotype, as well as directly stereotypes about the Cossacks that were entrenched in the Soviet consciousness. Taking Soviet cinematography as a basis, we strive to show stereotypes about the Cossacks, created with the help of vivid images necessary for a visual representation of the Cossack in the historical and sociological sense. The first wave of films on the Cossack theme, released in the middle of the 20th century, met with misunderstanding. The image of the Cossack in the films presented was conveyed in its natural form. A lot of contradictions did not allow transferring the inherent image to a wide segment of the population. We see that already the second wave of films of the 1970-1980s. aroused the interest of the Soviet audience. Each film contained many social stereotypes about Cossack history and culture. Nevertheless, the Communist Party, its most prominent representatives, journalists who were part of the party, positively assessed all films on the Cossack theme in this period. There were no art critics who could find flaws in these films. Moreover, the material of some films, in particular, the film «Dauria», formed the basis of some textbooks on «History» and were even indicated in the list of recommended literature. What is interesting here is, first of all, why did stereotypes have such an effect? How exactly did social stereotypes contribute to the growth of interest in the Cossacks and Cossack culture?
Key words: social stereotype, historical reality, cultural universals, idealization, actor, motion picture, mass media.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.007
A.A. NIKITIN candidate of Historical Sciences, associate Professor of the Department of History Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia
DYNAMICS OF THE CRIME RATE IN THE SIMBIRSK PROVINCE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY
This article examines the regional dynamics of the crime rate in the post-reform period. The author aims to analyze the quantitative indicators of preliminary investigations and thereby identify the state of major criminal crime in the territory of the Simbirsk province. The tasks include statistical processing of quantitative data, building a model of the general regional dynamics of crime, highlighting the features of the growth and decline of illegal manifestations in the counties and large cities of the region, comparing the provincial dynamics of crime with the all-Russian one. To solve the tasks set, the researcher uses the following methods: problem-chronological, historical-comparative, historical-genetic and statistical.
Based on the analysis of archival statistical materials, as well as the involvement of scientific works of the largest specialists, it was found that the movement of the crime rate in the region had a pronounced cyclical character and generally correlated with the general imperial trend. It is determined that the phases of growth and decline depend on the current political course. An attempt is made to prove the presence in the statistical report for 1867 of information on minor illegal acts. In conclusion, the researcher summarizes the results and draws the attention of the scientific community to the fact that this problem is poorly studied and requires further research.
Key words: province, the dynamics of crime, major crime, petty crime, illegal act, a consequence of the court.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.008
D.V. TEMEREV Graduate, Moscow City University, Institute of Humanities, Department of Russian History, Moscow, Russia
THE COLLECTIVE SECURITY SYSTEM IN EUROPE IN THE 1930S: REASONS FOR THE CREATION
The foreign policy of the Soviet Union in the 20-30s of XX century was characterized by variability and dualism, which was manifested in support of revolutionary and workers ' movements on the one hand and the desire to establish strong economic and political ties on the other. As the authority of the Soviet government, and with it the Soviet Union, grew and strengthened, the foreign policy course changed, which in the 30s can be described as the desire to maintain international stability and peace. One of the manifestations of this course can be considered a strategy for creating a regional system of collective security in Europe and Asia, which could guarantee calm on the external borders of the USSR at a time when the country is actively engaged in remaking the internal order. This article describes the main prerequisites and reasons that contribute to the change of the USSR's foreign policy strategy in the European direction in the early 30s and the transition to the course of building a system of collective security.
Key words: Soviet Union, foreign policy, the interwar period; the system of collective security, the causes of the Second World war.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.009
V.V. BOBROVA Senior Curator of the Siberia Foundation» Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Peter the Great Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
TRANSPORT SITUATION AND SUPPLY OF THE POPULATION OF THE ARCTIC ZONE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ANABAR DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)
Based on the collected field material in September-October 2019, the problems of the transport system and its impact on the supply of the population of the Anabar National (Dolgan-Evenki) ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are analyzed. The formation and development of Arctic transport and transportation of necessary goods, as well as the impact of changes in the delivery system on the taste preferences of local residents are considered through the historical and socio-economic prism.
Key words: The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Arctic, transport, the Northern Sea Route, public supply, food.
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.010
L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia
THE BIBLE AS A SOURCE OF LAW (PART FOUR)
Based on the second part of Article 67 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the author sets the task to show the convergence in the legal systems of the world divine and human principles, while keeping in mind that the beginning of a positive (human, artificial) rights was embedded in the theological stage of civilization. The implementation of this task requires an analysis of various legal concepts in their historical development; the content of the Bible in the context of the norms of human behavior, rules of life (commandments, parables of Jesus Christ, recommendations of the Holy Apostles); regulatory documents of various countries, including Russia, in their historical development.
The article is divided into several parts based on the volume of its content.
Key words: God, divine law, natural law, positive law, Bible, Commandments, philosophers, scientists, lawyers, normative documents, legal concepts.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.011
R.SH. KUDASHEV Post-graduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
APPROACHES TO THE INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPT OF «SUPRANATIONALITY»
The term «supranationality» was widely used in the 1950s in the context of the birth and development of European integration. The concept was used in a number of regulations of European organizations, but over time its use in official documents was discontinued. At the moment, «supranationality» is not fixed by law and is used in political and legal discourses as a doctrinal concept. In the scientific community, there is no universally recognized and comprehensive definition of the phenomenon of supranationality, which leads to the emergence of different approaches to its understanding. In this article, «supranationalism» is considered through the prism of neofunctionalism and rational institutionalism.
Key words: supranationality, supranational institutions, integration, neofunctionalism, rational institutionalism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.012
K.M. FEDORISHCHEV Doctoral candidate, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
THE IDEAS OF UNIVERSITY: THE ORIGINS OF MICHAEL OAKESHOTT'S CONCEPT OF LIBERAL EDUCATION
The article examines the ideological foundations of the theoretical model of the university in the political philosophy of the English thinker Michael Oakeshott (1901-1990). The author notes the key ways of developing the discussion around the definition of the aims and objectives of the university corporation. As a result of the analysis of original works of K. Jaspers, T. Fuller, J. Newman, R. Hutchins, K. Mannheim, T. Veblen, and W.von Humboldt, the author traces the points of contact of the philosopher in the process of Oakeshott's creation of the author's concept of an ideal university. According to Oakeshott's views, the university is the bulwark of liberal education through which true liberalism is able to defend itself against external threats. According to the philosopher, modern liberal education dates back to the 12th century, when Western European scholars rediscovered their ancient heritage. The historical approach allows us to construct an intellectual matrix within which the influence of ancient thought and Christian tradition on the formation of Michael Oakeshott's ideas about education is traced. In order to determine the origins of the educational model of the philosopher, the author examines the evolution of the ideas of the university in the political and philosophical thought of its predecessors.
Key words: Michael Oakeshott, the idea of the university, liberal education, civil education, modern political theory, higher education organization theory.
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.013
E.S. KARSANOVA Doctor of Science (Political Science), Institute of Public Administration and Law, of the State University of Management, Department of Public Administration and Political Technologies, Department of the Financial University of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
D.Y. ZNAMENSKIY Candidate of Political sciences, Institute of Public Administration and Law, of the State University of Management, Department of Public Administration and Political Technologies, Moscow, Russia
IDENTITY IN ITS NATIONAL AND REGIONAL DIMENSIONS
Being based on critical analysis of discussions concerning the role of regional identity the authors investigates incorporation of national/communal identity into the forging process of civic nation. National identity, communal identity, special politicized communal identity and plural identity – all these different concepts help us to understand and to pose the idea of the supremacy of regional identity as the most important political and ideological resource which determines the success of strategy aimed to forge all-Russian civic nation.
The authors came to the conclusion that penetrability of regional interests into national policy strengthens the integrity of nation. They support the idea that despite of fragmentations and contradictions of interests and local identification the regional identity represent itself as a dynamic process, which develops institutionally under the influence of political power of the state.
Key words: national identity, communal identity, regional identity, national policy, nation, ethnicity.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.014
K.YU. KURAS Deputy General Director for Production LLC "Company" Elina ", Arkhangelsk, Russia
INFLUENCE OF THE IMAGE OF THE EXECUTIVE POWER ON THE SOCIO-POLITICAL SITUATION IN THE REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KALININGRAD REGION)
The image of the executive power is the most important attribute of the social formation, which forms the social consciousness of the population and the social assessment of the actions of state authorities. The relevance of scientific research on the image of the executive power is always an urgent question of scientific knowledge, since the answers to this question form an understanding of the foundations of political stability and the absence of social tension.
The object of the study. The image of the executive power as an integral attribute of the socio-political space.
The subject of the study. The dependence of the state of the socio-political environment of the subject of the state structure on the image of the executive power of the region.
The purpose of the study. It consists in a descriptive description of the image of the executive power of the region, as a parastatic factor of influence on the socio-political situation.
Objectives of the study. They consist in revealing the form and content of the phenomenon of the image of the executive power and its parastatic properties.
Research methodology. Used-theoretic heuristics extrospective character based on established methods of scientific knowledge: analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, abstraction, generalization, etc., due to the phenomenological and systemic principles of research.
The results of the study. They are expressed in the detection of the impact of the image of the executive power of the subject of the state on the socio-political situation of the region.
Key words: socio-economic system, image image, political structure, social tension.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.015
N.V. CHERVYAKOV Postgraduate student, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
ELECTION TECHNOLOGIES OF THE FUTURE
In the not-too-distant future, it is possible to implement various projects with the help of distributive databases – for example: fair elections via the Internet. Election campaigns have long ago moved beyond the real world and into the Internet, a virtual reality. This is no longer as futuristic and absurd as it may have seemed a few years ago. Some countries are beginning to introduce electronic voting for elections and referendums in order to simplify the voting procedure and make elections more convenient for everyone. In the future, everyone will be able to pick up their smartphone, and with one click express their confidence in a candidate.
Key words: election, blockchain, information technology, electoral process, election campaign, political participation, candidate.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.016
D.I. YEFREMOV Post-graduate student at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN INTERELITARY CONTACTS: 1991-2014
Revealing the main forms and mechanisms of inter-elite communication between the political elite of Ukraine, on the one hand, and the Russian Federation, on the other hand. Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing and existing formats of interaction between the actors of the Russian and Ukrainian establishment. Systematization of the reasons for the correction / conservation of the mechanisms of elite interaction. Analysis of the specific features of adapting the forms and mechanisms of contact between the Ukrainian and Russian establishment in the context of political, economic and humanitarian problems in relations between Ukraine and the Russian Federation. Formulation of the key causes of the crisis in the Russian-Ukrainian inter-elite dialogue.
Key words: Elite, Ukraine, «Party of Regions», «Bat’kyvshina» («Fatherland»), Yulia Timoshenko’ block, «Nasha Ukrayna» (Our Ukraine), Autonomic Republic of Crimea.
POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.017
O.N. MIKHAILOVA Candidate of philosophical sciences, and about. head department, associate professor of department "Humanitarian disciplines" Balakovo engineering Institute of Technology – a branch of the National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Balakovo, Russia
E.S. TOLOK Senior lecturer of the department "Humanitarian disciplines" Balakovo engineering Institute of Technology – a branch of the National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Balakovo, Russia
HUMANITARIAN AND EDUCATIONAL BASES FOR FORMING POLITICAL AND LEGAL ACTIVITY AND IMPROVING THE ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR OF MODERN UNIVERSITY YOUTH
The article comprehends the problem of the quality of ideological attitudes and activity-behavioral characteristics of young people, considering the factors that determine their political and legal activity. On the basis of the author's sociological research, the author identifies the reasons for the deformation of the political and legal thinking of modern students, expressed in political apathy, legal indifference and electoral passivity, and substantiates the place and role of university humanitarian training in the formation of an active interest of students in the political and legal sphere and the improvement of their electoral behavior.
Key words: ideological attitudes and political and legal activity of university youth, political participation, legal responsibility, negative political and legal socialization, political absenteeism and legal nihilism in the youth environment, students' electoral behavior, humanitarization of the educational process at the university.
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.018
I.YU. ZALYSIN Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of Russian State Agrarian University-МTAA, Moscow, Russia
COUNTERING TERORISM: GOALS, SUBJECTS, MODELS
The article is devoted to the analysis of the political and organizational aspects of the fight against terrorism. The main goals and objectives of countering the terrorist threat are revealed. The elements of the national system of countering terrorism have been identified. The activity of the subjects of anti-terrorist activity is considered. Models of fighting terrorists, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed using the example of various states.
Key words: terrorism, countering terrorism, counterterrorism, goals of antiterrorist activities, mechanism for implementing antiterrorist measures, subjects and models of combating terrorism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.019
A.V. CHАEVICH D. polit. D., associate Professor оf the "Russian University of transport (MIIT)" Legal Institute of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
RUSSIA'S PEACEKEEPING ACTIVITIES IN THE SETTLEMENT OF REGIONAL CONFLICTS IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE
In 2020, the problem of resolving regional conflicts in the post-Soviet space has again become particularly relevant. This article analyzes the main causes of conflicts in this region, their common features and characteristics. Ethnic conflicts in Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transdniestria and Nagorno-Karabakh were and still are the most acute at the present stage. For quite a long time, their peculiarity was the exit from the stage of direct armed confrontation, but without (not yet received) a political settlement, acquiring the status of"frozen conflicts". Peacekeeping operations conducted by the Russian Federation play an important role in their settlement. The article discusses the peculiarities of their implementation, taking into account the national security of Russia, as regional conflicts near its borders pose a real threat to national interests.
Key words: post-Soviet space, regional conflicts, "frozen conflicts", peacemaking, peacekeeping forces, security zones, national interests, threats to Russia's national security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.020
E.N. KARATUEVA Candidate of political Sciences, associate Professor of the Department of management of socio-political processes and history of St. Petersburg state agrarian University, St. Petersburg, Russia
TECHNOLOGICAL TERRORISM: NEW THREATS
In the era of rapid expansion of the possibilities of man-made civilization, both new opportunities and new risks appear for the modern world. The rapid development of unmanned technologies, three-dimensional printing, artificial intelligence and robotics means that more than ever in the past, ordinary people can gain access to weapons of mass violence previously monopolized by the state. In these conditions, the desire of modern society to optimize the security sphere as effectively as possible becomes especially relevant. The dilemma of the risks and opportunities of the technosphere calls for the mobilization of resources for international cooperation in the development of a global strategy to combat international terrorism.
Key words: technological terrorism, technocentrism, technosphere, the drone artificial intelligence.
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.021
N.O. GULIYEVA doctoral student, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
TURKEY-EUROPEAN UNION RELATIONS (1992-2013): PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
For many years, the issue of Turkey's membership in the European Union was considered a dead end for objective and subjective reasons. Discussions on Turkey's EU membership, which began with review meetings in 2005, have slowed significantly due to various political obstacles and reached a point of stagnation. In addition, the events in Gazi Park against the incumbent government of Turkey in 2013, the coup attempts on December 17-25 and the EU reaction to the military coup attempt on July 15, and in some cases open support, signaled a transition from stagnation to crisis.
The article uses methods of comparative analysis, content and event analysis to analyze event processes and answer questions.
The article assesses the problems in Turkey-EU relations in 1992-2013, the reasons for their occurrence, as well as the possible prospects for Turkey's membership.
The problematic aspects of relations between Turkey and the EU are identified and grouped, possible prospects are assessed.
Key words: European Union, Turkey, Russia, geopolitics, European integration.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.022
D.A. UMEROV Postgraduate student of International security and Russian foreign policy chair at the Department of national security, Institute of law and national security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RESEARCHING BILATERAL INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
While researching bilateral international relations, a wide range of methods and techniques are used. Traditionally, social sciences use methods of comparison, analogy, content analysis, case study, classification and other general scientific methods. It is very important to find research methods that allow to determine and characterize the uniqueness of the country, its competitive advantages. To increase the objectivity of conclusions obtained, it is desirable to use more widely quantitative research methods, the range of which is constantly expanding. Taking into account the politicization of many indices and ratings developed in the West, it is advisable to use domestic methodological developments in the field of social sciences. When predicting the development of international relations, it seems promising to use the foresight method.
Key words: bilateral international relations, indices of strength and influence, Tajikistan, quantitative research methods, Lowy Institute Asia Power Index, Ranking of foreign country markets attractiveness for Russian exports, the Russian Export Center, foresight.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.023
LIANG JIACHU Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Institute of Asia and Africa, Moscow State University Lomonosov, China
CHINA'S SPACE DIPLOMACY: SOME PROBLEMS (WITH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES)
The article presents an analysis of the space strategy of the People's Republic of China in relation to developing countries. The subject of the study is to determine the priorities of China's space policy in this direction and to identify problems in the field of space cooperation.
Key words: space, developing countries, diplomacy, space cooperation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.024
O.A. SAMUSEVA Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Institute of Asia and Africa, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL INNOVATION IN THE PRC OF THE XXI CENTURY
This is an important study regarding the complexities in world development that tested the abilities of various states and international organizations to withstand the significant pressure brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent economic crisis. Meanwhile, the very country that was considered "patient zero" on a global scale has been able to successfully pivot from this sphere of creative destruction through various political innovations. This article is an analysis of the political innovations implemented by China that could prove of relevance for other countries in the world, including Russia. The purpose of this article is to identify these innovative contemporary political trends in the PRC.
Key words: China, innovation, pandemic, political sphere, world economics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.025
M.A. FALALEEV Student of a bachelor's degree of the department of Political Science, Vladivostok, Russia
N.A. SITDIKOVA Student of a bachelor's degree of the department of Political Science, Vladivostok, Russia
E.E. NECHAY Academic Advisor, Candidate of Political Science, Assistant Professor, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
DYNAMICS OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
The article describes the main trends in the development of international relations in the context of the impact of the new coronavirus infection. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the emergence and spread of COVID-19 affected not only the economic and political state of individual states, but also became a catalyst for the emergence of new trends in international political processes. The aim of the work is to identify the dynamics of trends in international interactions under the influence of the pandemic at the state and global levels. The authors used such research methods as systematization of the material and analysis of the obtained data. The result of the work is the identification and description of the main trends that characterize the changes in international processes. As a conclusion of the article, the thesis was formulated that the coronavirus pandemic intensified both cooperation and competition between countries in the framework of countering the epidemiological threat, acted as a catalyst for the spread of digital technologies and influenced the development of new anti-crisis strategies by national governments.
Key words: international political processes, modern interstate relations, trends and dynamics of global development, COVID-19 pandemic.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.026
CHEN HANZHI Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Institute of Asia and Africa, Moscow State University Lomonosov, China
PROBLEMS OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF POLITICAL ELITES IN CHINA
The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of the political elite in China and the national specifics and traditions of the Chinese bureaucracy, which has a history of more than four millennia. The analysis suggests that the transformation of China's political elites is directly related to the ongoing reforms and the political process of the CPC leadership.
Key words: transformation, political elites, CPC, civil service, professional competencies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.027
A.I. BUDNIK Student of master's program, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
T.V. GRIGORIEVA Student of master's program, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
A.A. KAN Student of master's program, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
DOES MODERN CIVILIZATION CONTINUE TO BE A «CIVILIZATION OF WAR»? CLUB OF ROME WARNINGS AND NEW THINKING «COME ON! CAPITALISM, SHORT-TERMISM, POPULATION AND THE DESTRUCTION OF THE PLANET»
The article deals with one of the fundamental world problems - the problem of war and peace. Does modern civilization continue to be a "civilization of war"? The article attempts to answer this question based on the report of the Club of Rome “Come On! Capitalism, Short-termism, Population and the Destruction of the Planet. "The authors of the report warn that our common home is in mortal danger, that past economic and military strategies are failing, and the world needs new ways to get out of the crisis. The main emphasis is placed on an attempt to solve the highlighted problem through a change in worldview. "New Enlightenment" will allow people to negotiate, but to come to this new way of thinking is another challenge facing researchers.
Key words: civilization of war, conflicts, new thinking, Club of Rome.
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.028
A.S. STEPANOV Doctor of historical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Research Center (Fundamental Military-Historical Problems), Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
A.S. CHENTSOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Research Center (Fundamental Military-Historical Problems), Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
SOME ASPECTS OF THE LIBERATION MISSION OF THE RED ARMY IN AUSTRIA
The article examines some aspects of the liberation mission of the Red Army in Austria, debunking the fabrications of a number of publications by both domestic and foreign historians and journalists. The main attention is paid to the issues of the activities of the Soviet leadership and command to restore Austrian statehood and provide assistance to the population in the post-war period.
Key words: falsification of history, the liberation mission of the Red Army in Europe, the liberation of Austria, the 2nd Ukrainian Front, the 3rd Ukrainian Front, political work with the population, normalization of the life of the population.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.029
ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia
A.V. FATEEV History teacher SEI School No. 507, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF THE INTERACTION OF THE KAZAKH KHANATE AND THE NOGAI HORDE OF THE XV-XVI CENTURIES
This article is devoted to the analysis of the interaction of the Kazakh Khanate and the Nogai Horde, which arose after the collapse of the Golden Horde. It is noted that the Kazakh Khanate in the west bordered on the Nogai Horde and both states had a similar type of economic activity based on nomadic cattle breeding. The need for mutual exchange of goods between nomads and sedentary agricultural population is emphasized. The reasons for the disintegration of the Nogai Horde into Big and Small are analyzed.
Key words: Kazakh Khanate, Nogai Horde, territory, nomads, trade, exchange.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.030
E.P. MAKAROV Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate Professor of the department Philosophy, social sciences and humanities, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia
T.E. MAKAROVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, associate Professor of the department Preschool Education, Samara State Social and Pedagogical University, Samara, Russia
EDUCATIONAL POLICY AND THE FORMATION OF SOCIAL AND MORAL IDEAS AMONG OLDER PRESCHOOLERS IN UK KINDERGARTENS
Improving the standards adopted in the education system in Great Britain helps the scientific and pedagogical community to study the requirements currently imposed on the education of senior preschool children in kindergartens in the country. The modern educational policy of the British rule of law, which is part of the socio-political agenda, acts as a tool for regulating the educational process as a whole, changing the daily practice of preschool institutions based on the corresponding needs of society. Public regulation instruments are combined with the vector of public policy development. The result of the process of consistent reform of preschool education is manifested through the formation of sustainable ways of interaction between educators, British families and older preschoolers. Special attention should be paid to the state of the modern educational field in Great Britain, which shows through the daily practices of preschool education the formation of a system of norms and values, reflecting the dialogue between society and the state in the context of the social policy being pursued.
Key words: preschool education, Great Britain, foreign experience, concept of Early Years Foundation, kindergarten, educational process.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.031
FRANCESCO RUBINNI Postgraduate student at the Higher School of Economics, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Senior Lecturer at the Engineering Academy of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
HISTORIOGRAPHY REGARDING MARSHAL L.N. DAVOUT IN THE BATTLE NEAR SALTANOVKA IN 1812
The article is devoted to the study and analysis of historiography and sources concerning the actions, decisions and indirectly the personality of the French Marshal Davout during the Patriotic War of 1812, in particular, during the battle of Saltanovka. The author studied the main historiographical works, as well as the most important sources and analyzed quotations and documents. This article is a review of the main works on the issue, based on which it is possible to conduct a full and objective reconstruction of the events of July 1812.
Key words: the Patriotic War of 1812, Marshal Davout, Napoleon, battle, military action, battle of Saltanovka, historiography, source studies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.70.1.032
AHMAD MOSA ZIAUDDIN Graduate student in International Relations, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Afghanistan
ABDUL QAHER ABDUL QADER Graduate student in International Relations, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Afghanistan
AHMAD JAWED IS-HAQZAI Master in International Relations, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Afghanistan
AFGHANISTAN AND ITS CENTENNIAL FOREIGN POLICY
Foreign policy is an integral part of the general policy of the state and a continuation of its domestic policy. The history of Afghanistan as a state capable of conducting an independent foreign policy began in the Amani era. Throughout the history of its foreign policy since 1919, Afghanistan has gone through a lot, there was a period when the foreign policy of Afghanistan was independent and pragmatic, but there was also a time when Afghanistan stopped independently making certain foreign policy decisions and its foreign policy went into decline giving way to internal disagreements and strife. The main purpose of this article is to consider and identify the main directions of Afghanistan's foreign policy. The article examines 6 stages of Afghanistan's foreign policy. The key events in the foreign policy of Afghanistan and their role in regional and international politics are assessed.
Key words: Afghanistan, foreign policy, government, alliance, Pakistan, USA, war, security, independence, neutrality.