Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 9. Issue 10 (55), 2019.
CONTENTS
DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL HISTORY
POLITICAL REGIONAL STUDIES AND ETHNOPOLITICS
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY
REVIEWS
Pryakhin V.F. Review of the article by Parez Yasin Khamad “Iraqi Kurdistan and Israel: Interaction Features”
Suleymanova S.S. Review of Alashhab Qutayb's article “Syria's Traditional Media System and its Changes During the Transitional Period”
DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.001
A.V. BYCHKOV Candidate of Sciences in Sociology, Russian Сustoms Academy, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF RAILWAY TROOPS IN ENSURING THE MILITARY ACTIVITY OF THE RED ARMY ON THE KHALKHIN-GOL RIVER
This article focuses on the participation of military railway workers in the military activity of the Red Army during the military operation on the Khalkhin-Gol River in August-September, 1939. In the article, there are analyzed how military divisions and units of railway troops along with the special forces of the People's Commissariat for the Ministry Transportation and Communications influenced the tide of the war. The role of the railway troops in the transport support of Red Army military units is also evaluated. Moreover, in the article, there are also considered the results of railway troops activity in military conflicts during the pre-war period. On this basis, the main principles of military units and divisions’ activity that assured the proper execution of fighting tasks of military units on transport support during the war are defined.
Key words: Khalkhin-Gol, Red Army, transport support, railway troops, tide of the war, military operation, railway connection, military railwaymen.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.002
A.V. MAKEDONSKY Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, social and humanitarian disciplines of the State University for Land Management, Moscow, Russia
CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL WORK IN THE RED ARMY IN THE 20-30S OF THE XX CENTURY: FOREIGN HISTORIOGRAPHY
This article provides a brief overview of foreign historiography, which presents certain aspects of the activities of state bodies and public organizations in the field of cultural and educational work in the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army in the 20-30s of the XX century. The author used the literature of the Russian foreign countries and foreign researchers proper. The first are S.O. Portuguese (St. Ivanovich), N.V. Pyatnitsky, N.N. Rutchenko-Rutych, Second - A. Werth, G. Gorodetsky, O. Wehviläinen, O. Manninen, M. von Hagen, J. Sanborn. It was emphasized that the study of this problem began to take shape already in the 1920s, and with the opening of archives in post-Soviet Russia, the interest of foreign historians in its study has noticeably intensified. In conclusion, it is noted that in the studies of both scientists and publicists of the Russian foreign countries and foreign authors, often with a much higher degree of objectivity than in Soviet historiography, various questions of the topic under study are considered: improving the general educational level of the command and command of the Red Army, strengthening military discipline, ensuring combat training of units and subunits, as well as the degree of effectiveness of cultural enlightenment among personnel.
Key words: Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, cultural and educational work, foreign historiography, political work, propaganda.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.003
S.V. PRYASHNIKOV Candidate of Theology, an resident of the Alexander Nevski Monastery of the Holy Trinity, St. Petersburg, Russia
ORGANIZATION OF CHURCH LIFE IN THE SOUTH OF THE SAKHALIN ISLAND AFTER THE RUSSIAN-JAPANESE WAR OF 1904-1905
This article is an attempt to comprehend the activities of the Japanese Spiritual Mission on church guidance of the Russian population that remained in the south of the Sakhalin Island after the Russian-Japanese War. This article is based on the documents of a unique origin in the Russian State Historical Archive (Saint Petersburg) – correspondence about the need for church guidance of the Russian population remaining in southern Sakhalin after the military operations of 1904-1905. The material found reveals the main areas in which the leadership of the mission carried out scrupulous work. Initially, it was necessary to establish a liturgical life, restore closed churches, return utensils and liturgical books to the church communities, and take care of completing the Orthodox clergy. The lack of educational institutions - schools for Russian children was of particular concern. Unfortunately, the efforts made by the clergy of the mission were not enouh. There were geopolitical factors that the two states were affected.
Key words: Russian Orthodox Church, Sakhalin Island, Russian-Japanese War, activities of the island clergy, and archival documents.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.004
O.N. GONCHARENKO Ph. D., associate Professor Department of philosophy and social- humanitarian science, State agrarian University Northern TRANS-Urals, Tyumen, Russia
THE MAIN STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN THE TYUMEN REGION
The article discusses the process of formation and development of agricultural education in the Tyumen region. The author explains the need for the emergence of this formation in the study region; identifies and characterizes the five main stages, involving archival sources and scientific materials. The role of the state in the development of the regional system of agricultural education is emphasized. At the end of the article it is concluded that since the end of the XIX century professional educational institutions of different levels have been created and function, allowing to prepare highly qualified personnel for agriculture.
Key words: agrarian education, historical stages, peasants, agriculture, educational institutions, state order, Tyumen region.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.005
I.I. MIZEROV Post-graduate student of the Department of history of Russia, social and humanitarian faculty Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE RED ARMY AIR FORCE IN ATTEMPTS TO OVERCOME THE POSITIONAL CRISIS OF MODERN TIMES DURING THE BATTLE OF RZHEV
The article discusses the effectiveness of the Soviet air force in overcoming the positional front during the battle of Rzhev (the First Rzhev-Sychev Operation). An attempt is made to isolate the essential features of the tactics of bomber and assault aviation of the 1st and 3rd air armies of the red army air force, to assess their respective tasks. Introducing new sources into scientific circulation the author of the study seeks to objectively and objectively determine the complex of reasons that did not allow the Soviet air force to become a decisive factor in hacking the enemy's defense in the area of the Rzhev salient.
Key words: military history, positional crisis, The Second World War, The Battle of Rzhev, aviation, analytics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.006
K.K. BASIROVA Junior researcher, Department of Ethnography, Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography, Makhachkala, Russia
FAMILY AS AN INSTITUTION OF DAGESTAN PEOPLES PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION (XIX-XX CENTURIES)
Special attention is paid to various factors that influence the family formation and its types among the Dagestan peoples. However, at the same time, the basic functions of this ethnosocial unit are staying the same, because, otherwise the existence of society would be endangered. When creating a family, people satisfy the basic household needs, find personal happiness, reach psychological comfort. Families of all types, both large and small, are a multifunctional social group, that performed a number of socially important functions being influenced by the general socio-economic, political, ideological state of society. They are the organization of production, the passing over ethnocultural norms to new generations, traditions, etc. By its type, the modern Dagestan family can be defined as a small family. Only in some areas of Dagestan, we can find so-called large undivided or complex families. In these families, there are usually one or two married people, parents or other close relatives along with parents and their minor children. The family changes and develops along with the society change and development.
Key words: big family, small family, Dagestan, peoples, social institution of society, industrial activity, family and household environment.
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL HISTORY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.007
V.I. VLASOV Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor, Moscow, Russia
THE HISTORICAL EMBODIMENT OF THE CHRISTIAN SPIRITUAL TRIAD: FAITH-HOPE-LOVE
By combining scientific and theological analysis, the author concludes that our country, Russia, has always been the centre, the embodiment of the triad: faith, hope, love. One of the indisputable evidence of this its victimhood in the name of God and “fellow human beings", which are all the peoples on the Earth.
Key words: faith, hope, love, morality, Christianity, sacrifice, victimhood, Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.008
L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor of the Institute of public service and management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
REVOLUTION AS A FORM (WAY) OF GOD'S PUNISHMENT FOR SINS PART I
By combining the analysis of religious and scientific and other secular sources, the author explains the thesis that revolutions in Russia are a form (way) of God punishment for the people’s sins.
The article has an introductory part, five content parts intricately linked and the final clauses.
In the introductory part, the author indicates the concept of sin and its components analyzing religious sources, emphasizing that it is the duty of religious leaders to carry God’s message to all population. The author believes that the historical experience of Russia shows that there were not so many people who strongly believed in God in the XIX-early XX centuries. The author adheres to the thesis that the serf system is a necessary reality in the process of the historical development of Russia. Still, in this reality, it is possible to exist in different ways.
In the content parts, the author defines the components of the religious concept of sin, the main features (properties) of the behaviour typical for the representatives of the ruling forces (such as emperors, officials, landowners, clergy) in the serf system. It is emphasized that orthodox Christianity is the state religion, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church is the Emperor that is why the Bible for is the most valuable Law for him, as well as for the clergy.
In reality, everything happened in such a way that the God Commandments were fulfilled either by atheists from different population sectors or by a small part of the faithful representatives of the ruling forces. The deeds of these people have been analyzed and presented to readers. These are the Decembrists, their wives, officials, soldiers, churchmen, poets, writers, critics, artists, commoners, serfs, revolutionaries. The main part of the voluminous article is devoted to this debating issue.
In the final clauses, the author suggests the need for a collective research work of a monographic nature that would allow opening the issue in the indicated direction.
Theologian, historian, philosopher, a lawyer should work together as the creative community. The emergence of such a work is important for the objective understanding of the XIX century, which led to the events of the XX century, contrary to various interpretations resulting from personal or corporate interests. Unity in regard to revolutionary events is serving like it was the beginning of universal confession of sins to God, and, consequently, the pledge of the present and future unity of Russia.
Key words: God Commandments, Bible, sin, Russia, serfdom, nobility, clergy, young generation, revolutionaries.
POLITICAL REGIONAL STUDIES AND ETHNOPOLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.009
S.R. IBRAGIMOV graduate student of the Diplomatic Academy Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
TURKEY'S ROLE IN PIPELINE PROJECTS
Europe and Turkey are dependent on Russian gas supplies; therefore, they are doing their best to diversify energy supplies. To do this, the Southern Gas Corridor (SGC) project was launched. The TANAP gas pipeline or the Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline, along with the Trans-Adriatic gas pipeline (TAP), is an integral part of SGC. It is planned to supply gas from Azerbaijan to Turkey and Europe.
Russia and Turkey have long been in a strategic partnership to create an energy corridor.
The article is devoted to comparing the Russian Turkish Stream gas pipeline with the TANAP gas pipeline.
Key words: Turkish Stream, TANAP, South Stream, Southern Gas Transport Corridor, energy rivalry between Turkey and the Russian Federation, diversification of gas supplies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.010
E.V. AFANASYEVA candidate of historical Sciences, associate Professor, Institute of world civilizations, Moscow, Russia
Z.R. BITIEVA Candidate of political science, Head of the Department of world civilizations and world politics Faculty of international relations and geopolitics, Institute of world civilizations, Moscow, Russia
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN ELECTIONS OF 2019 AND THE PAST YEARS: THEIR COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
This article is devoted to the study of changes in the statistics of the 2019 elections in the regions of Russia. The author touches upon the problem of uneven distribution of votes among parties, cites as an example the results of the 2019 elections, as well as earlier ones held in the regions over the past 10 years. A comprehensive study of the issue, studied the statistics of votes. A comparative analysis of the election results in several regions of Russia was used to reveal the topic. This article is relevant both for political science students studying such issues, and for people interested and indifferent to politics.
Key words: elections, parties, mandates, regions.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.011
M.A. KRYLOVA Post-graduate student of Faculty of Social Sciences, Herzen State Peddagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
A MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF A POLITICAL PARTY
The article describes a methodological model for assessing the resource potential of a political party. The basic and communication resources of a political party are considered. The fundamental method of research is the event analysis, the database of which was analyzed using a network approach. The analysis was the empirical basis for the application of the final method of research of mathematical analysis, which allowed to determine the percentage contribution of each of the resource elements within the period of the election campaign.
Key words: methodological model, political party resources, election campaign, political party.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.012
A.V. LEVIN post-graduate student, Department of history of political philosophy, Institute of philosophy, RAS, Moscow, Russia
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS FORMATION OF RUSSIA AND BELARUS: POLITICAL STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION OF PRESIDENTIAL POWER, THE INFLUENCE OF PARTIES ON STATE DECISIONS
This article is devoted to the comparative analysis of political systems of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The article analyzes in detail the key components of the political systems of the countries represented, determines the stages of their formation and development. The paper describes both similar and distinctive features of the structure of the political systems of Russia and Belarus, determines the degree of influence of parties on public decision-making, and assesses the main aspects and trends in the development of political institutions and political systems of these countries as a whole.
Key words: political system, political regime, political structure, Executive power, legislative power, political institutions, political parties, President.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.013
E.Z. DATUKISHVILI Postgraduate student of Political Sciences and Regional Studies Department of The Russian Presidental Academy of National Economy and Public Adminidtration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia
NATIONAL AND CIVIC IDENTITY IN RUSSIA: PROBLEMS OF THEIR CONNECTION
This scientific article analyzes the problem of national and civil identity connection of Russian citizens at the present stage of country development. The author reveals the differences between national and civic identity, speaks about the problems of civic identity formation in Russia, and formulates proposals on how to connect national and civil identity based on the Moscow experience of the formation of urban identity within the framework of the article.
The main threats that modern Russia could potentially face are the threats of the nationalism rise, religious extremism and separatism. At the core of all these forces that can violate the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation, there lies the idea of opposing the peoples inhabiting the territory of Russia, that means, Russia as a state entity. To neutralize all these threats, modern Russia identifies the idea of combining the national and ethnic identity of the peoples living on its territory with the general civil identity of a Russian citizen as the centre of its national policy. That should be an identity that unites all the inhabitants of the country, regardless of their national or religious preferences.
At the same time, it is important to identify the main features of the identities as mentioned earlier within the framework of this work that would help to connect the national and civil identity of the citizens. Taking this into consideration, the expert circles of the country are actively discussing the problem of identifying specific features of national and civil identity within Russian society.
Key words: civic identity, national identity, connection of identities, self-identification of personality, intercultural dialogue, formation of tolerance, Russian society.
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.014
S. VAISHLYA doctoral candidate, faculty of political sciences, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
LATGALE LANGUAGE AS AN OBSTACLE TO BUILDING A NATIONAL IDENTITY OF LATVIAN PEOPLE
This article, analyzing the role of the Latgale language in the formation of the national identity of Latvians in the territory of the Republic of Latvia, comes to a conclusion that there are significant contradictions between ethnic groups in their mutual integration and the formation of the national identity of Latvians. Instead of mutual agreements, compromises and the self-determination of the Latgalian ethnic groups by the development of Latgalian literary language and the integration of language into schools’ education system on the Latgale territory, there is a compulsory naturalization and assimilation of ethnic groups living on the territory of the country, with the purpose of influencing the collective memory of Latvia's population.
Key words: collective memory, linguistic nationalism, national identity, memory policy, history politicization.
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.015
R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D., Associate Professor of Department in Foreign Policy Public Administration of Diplomatic Academy Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
KURDISH FACTOR IN TURKEY'S MIDDLE EAST POLICY (IN OPERATION PEACE SPRING CONTEXT)
After the "Arab revolution" and the "Syrian crisis", the Turkish side changed approaches to solving the problem of Kurds living in Turkey, Syria, Iran and Iraq. The military solution to the Kurdish issue by military means demonstrated its low efficiency and did not allow achieving the assigned tasks. In this regard, it became necessary to put forward new initiatives. Turkey is compelled to observe a special course of the United States in the Middle East and Syria. Politics, politics, politics, politics, politics, politics.
Key words: Middle East, Russia, Turkey, Kurds, Syria, ISIS, strategic interests, national security, regional stability.
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.016
ORCID: 0000-0001-5182-7532
N.A. VORONINA Candidate of Sciences (law), Senior researcher at the Sector of human rights, Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
SOCIAL AND LABOUR RIGHTS OF MIGRANTS IN THE CONTEXT OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION
The article examines formation and development of the system of the granting of social and labour rights to migrants within the framework of Eurasian integration beginning from the first treaties on creation of economic integration associations in the post-Soviet space, to the formation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Special attention is paid to the analysis of the EAEU Treaty provisions on international labour migration regulation. It is noted that after the entry into force of the EAEU Treaty, labour migrants from the member-states got a number of preferences in the implementation of labour activity in the country of employment, as well as entitlement to different social benefits and pensions. The analysis of the socio-economic and legal status of labour migrants from the member-states of the Eurasian Economic Union in Russia revealed the availability of problematic issues in this field.
Key words: labour migrants, social and labour rights, pensions, benefits, integration, Eurasian Economic Union.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.017
M.Yu. EZHOVA candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Administration of the Head and Government of the Republic of Dagestan, Children's Ombudsman, Makhachkala, Russia
RUSSIA AND TAJIKISTAN: IDENTITY POLICY IN THE NEW GEOPOLITICAL REALITIES
The article discusses the problems of the formation of civic identity as the basic consolidating foundation of society and the stability of the state. At the same time, the geopolitical situation and the emergence of new challenges and threats have a serious impact on the predictability and controllability of the political system. Identity policy has its own characteristics in the conditions of transformational processes of the socio-political structure, a change in the ideological paradigm, strategic goals and guidelines of state development. The strategic partnership between Russia and Tajikistan, the implementation of integration projects initiated by Russia in Central Asia, requires an understanding and analysis of the main political trends of the partner states.
Key words: civic identity, nation, regional security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.018
M.A. EGORENKOVA Graduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
RUSSIA IN THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM IN THE ASPECT OF ANTI-RUSSIAN SANCTIONS
Russia in all respects is a regional power and is still a superpower in terms of its nuclear potential. This means that in terms of political security, it is an important player in the world, along with all other nuclear powers. Russia is also a permanent member of the UN Security Council, which gives it the right of veto along with Britain, the United States, France and China. The crisis in Ukraine and the sanctions regime imposed on Russia by the United States and the European Union have determined the new foreign policy of the country. Russia is integrated with the rest of the world economically, intellectually and physically. These ties cannot be completely destroyed even by the sanctions regime that the West imposed on Russia in 2014 as a result of the Ukrainian crisis. The role of Russia in the system of global governance has been transformed in a certain way, so the importance and relevance of the topic of this study is obvious.
The object of the study is the general concept of global governance. The subject of the study is Russia in the global political discourse. The purpose of the article is to determine the role and place of Russia in the system of global governance, in particular after the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions. To achieve the goal, this article examines the position of Russia in the international arena after the conflict with Ukraine and the subsequent introduction of anti-Russian sanctions, analyzes the impact of sanctions on Russia's political activity. When writing the article, both domestic and foreign works of scientists in the field of international relations and modern politics were used.
Key words: global governance, international relations, world politics, sanctions, contrsanctions.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.019
I.S. VINOGRADOV intern, Institute of history and politics, Moscow State University of Education, Moscow, Russia
SINO-BELARUSSIAN COOPERATION AT THE PRESENT STAGE
The article is dedicated to strengthening cooperation between China and the Republic of Belarus. The article pays attention to strengthening economic cooperation between two countries, conditioned by mutual interest of the two countries, for China Belarus is an important element in its global Silk Road initiative, Belarus considers China as an investor and a reliable economic partner, which invests in the creation of new large high-tech projects. At present stage, Belarus needs loans to modernize state-owned enterprises, to expand infrastructure and China provides its resources to Belarus on fairly favorable terms. Cooperation in the humanitarian sphere is deepening; cultural relations and relations in the field education have reached a high level.
Key words: strategic partnership, Silk Road Economic Belt, investment projects, industrial park, cultural ties.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.020
A. KOUTIEBA RUDN University, Philological Faculty, Department of Theory and History of Journalism, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF THE REFLECTION OF THE SYRIAN MILITARY CONFRONTATION IN THE MEDIA OF SYRIA, RUSSIA AND THE COUNTRIES OF THE WEST
The article is devoted to the specificity of the reflection of the Syrian military confrontation in the media of Syria, Russia and the countries of the West. To achieve this goal, the author made a selective study of the materials of 1020 publications of Russian, Syrian, Western (American, French and British) media, printed and electronic (“Kommersant”, “Vedomosti”, “Rossiyskaya Gazeta”, “Profile”, “Novaya Gazeta”, “Expert”, “Gazeta.Ru”, “Fontanka”, “RIA Novosti”, Syrian Arab Information Agency SANA, “Thawra”, “Enab Baladi”, “ Al Souria”, “Al-Watan Syria”, “Orient.net”, “The Washington Post”, CNN, FOX, “The national interest”, “Business Insider”, “Foreign Policy”, “Newsweek”, “The New Yorker”, “The American Conservative”, “Agence France-Presse”, “Le Monde”, “France Soir”, “L'Opinion”, BBC, “The Times”, “Financial Times”, “The Telegraph”, “Prospect Magazine”), published between 2010 and 2018, and selected according to context “conflict in Syria”. The system-structural approach, the concrete historical method, the comparative method of studying socio-economic phenomena, as well as the method of content analysis, were the methods of research. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that in this conflict each side seeks to give its own idea of what is happening, and an important information feature is an active information confrontation not only between the direct participants of the conflict, but also in the international arena. In the information war around Syria, a number of prominent world political actors are participating, while the position of the media of the US and individual allies is less objective than the position of the official Russian media, including because of the reasons for sources that do not deserve trust, anonymous messages and “fake” news. The further trajectories of the transformation of the media, primarily the Syrian, depend to a large extent on both the prospects for resolving the armed conflict and on the actual vectors of the world information war, which has an active influence on the armed conflict itself.
Key words: Syrian conflict, mass media, coverage of armed conflicts, propaganda, media transformation, “fake news”.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.021
I.I. RUSTAMOV own correspondent of "SalamNews" News Agency, Moscow, Russia
GLOBALIZATION OF TURKEY'S FOREIGN POLICY
The activities of public diplomacy, which developed because the States that suffered huge losses after the Second world war, no longer wanted to fight, entered the world stage with all its weight and influence. The material and spiritual losses and economic upheavals caused by wars have led States to seek to solve their problems not by hard power, but by soft power, Concord and compromise. During world war II, when politicians used propaganda in every way to guide people, the Concept of public diplomacy became more preferred. Basically as a result of the United States, the conceptual roof was created and implemented by Public diplomacy, when we consider it in the context of systems theory, as a result of rapidly developing communication and interaction, we see that it has spread first to Europe and then to countries such as Turkey. Some examples of public diplomacy activities carried out by Turkey are considered and some steps in this area are considered. As a result of our article Turkey is rapidly globalizing and we live in an era of communication within some public diplomacy activities that have been carried out within the system have been carefully studied, through due diligence, giving some suggestions to contribute in this area.
Key words: public diplomacy, propaganda, soft power, globalization, mass media, strategic communications, perception management.
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.022
G.M. MUSAYEVA post-graduate student, head of the Translation, press and information department, Institute of Caucasian Studies of the National Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku
OIL FACTOR IN UK POLICY IN AZERBAIJAN: HISTORY AND MODERNITY
The article is about the oil factor, which continues to take a dominant place in British policy towards Azerbaijan. English capital has become actively involved in the exploitation of Baku oil since the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century, for example, English companies produced most of the oil in Azerbaijan. The history of relations between the two countries has deep roots. Following its traditional foreign policy course that is applied to the East countries, the United Kingdom throughout its history has always shown interest in Azerbaijan as a country that is rich in oil and has favourable strategic geolocation. In its foreign policy during the First and Second world wars, Great Britain pays particular attention to Azerbaijan. This can be explained by Azerbaijan being rich in oil, which was a very necessary resource to win the war. After the Red Army occupied Azerbaijan, Great Britain continued to defend its oil interests in Azerbaijan in the Genoa and Hague conferences.
It is widely known that oil is the national treasure which the Azerbaijani people take pride in, in addition, today it is a powerful foreign policy tool for the Republic of Azerbaijan, that allows establishing mutually beneficial relations with a significant number of countries. This helps Azerbaijan to maintain its positions as one of the leading countries in the region, solve many internal and external issues. The paper examines the factors that determine the relationship between the two countries, the place and role of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the energy policy of Great Britain, provides the history of cooperation between the two countries in the oil sector and makes scientific and theoretical conclusions on this basis.
Key words: Oil, Azerbaijan, Great Britain, politics, BP company.
REVIEWS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.023
REVIEW
of the article by Parez Yasin Khamad Iraqi Kurdistan and Israel: Interaction Features
Reviewer:
V.F. Pryakhin D.Sc. (political science), Professor, Department of Area Studies and Foreign Policy, RSHU, Moscow, Russia
The link between Israel and Iraqi Kurds has of special significance in the convoluted systemic chain of Middle Eastern problems. Through this link Israeli foreign policy seeks to create a peculiar belt of good neighborliness with the peoples of the region who are not involved in the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Agreeing in many respects with the assessments and conclusions of the author the reviewer sets out his opinions on the prospects for the development of Israeli-Kurdish relations in the light of the dynamics of events in northeast Syria in the fall of 2019.
Key words: Kurds, Israel, Iraq, Syria, Russia, statehood, national identity, territorial integrity.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.55.10.024
REVIEW
Of Alashhab Qutayb's article "Syria's Traditional Media System and its Changes During the Transitional Period»
Reviewer:
S.S. Suleymanova Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of public relations and media policy department, faculty of journalism, Institute of public service and management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
In the review, the author states its position on what was the transformation of the Syrian media system in the transition period like. The author notes that the confrontation in the information field between the States has increased significantly. Media policy of the leading countries is aimed at the active use of such a tool as mass media that influences the audience effectively. This way only, it is possible to achieve information advantages and goals today.
Key words: Syria, mass media, information domination, media system, global mass media, information and communication system of the country.