Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Issue 3 (26), 2014
CONTENTS
POLITICAL REGIONALISTICS AND ETHNOPOLITICS
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF NATIONAL SECURITY
POLITICAL REGIONALISTICS AND ETHNOPOLITICS
V.V. GAYDUK D.Sc (political sciences), Ph.D. (law), professor, head of the chair of politology and history of the Bashkir State University, Russia, Ufa
ETHNOLOGICAL METHOD AND NATIONAL AGENDA OF TODAY
Despite Russia’s polyethnic character, at all times, its ethno-political processes were regulated amateurishly and roughly, without the consideration for the scientific achievements. In this sense, a serious gap in political science, in modern federal practice is the lack of clear understanding, of scientific formulation and justification of the question of the method of investigation of politically significant manifestations of ethnic processes and ethnic relations. That is the lack of an aggregate of methods and techniques needed for the research of an objective reality, characterized by ethnic subjectivity, by peculiar relations and burdened by ethnic characteristics and ethnic character of the socio-political connections and consequences. The lack of a clear understanding of this issue by the science causes illiterate application of political means aimed to control these processes and relationships. The article examines the role of ethnological method in the national policy of modern Russia, considering its federal and ethno-political features.
Key words: ethnological method, ethno-politology, ethnology, ethno-political research, ethnographic doll, national policy, ethnic relations, federalism, federal relations, political consensus, political conflict, subjectivity, ethnos, scene (arena), Ukraine, Crimea, scientific and expert community, national agenda.
L.E. LAPINA Department of Mathematics, Komi science center, Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Syktyvkar
I.M. USPENSKIY leading programmer of the Department of mathematics, Komi science center, Ural branch of RAS, Russia, Syktyvkar
FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE RATINGS OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION BASED ON THE LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION OF E-GOVERNMENT
The article deals with the ratings of the subjects of the Russian Federation based on the level of implementation of e-government as of 1 July 2012. With the help of the factor analysis, the author finds the most important indicators and compositions of the main factors. On the basis of the results, recommendations are given to the specialists of the Republic of Komi.
Key words: factor analysis, rating, electronic government, information technology in management.
E.V. MANOUKIAN Post-graduate student at the National and Federative Relations Department of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Russia, Moscow
SOME PROBLEMS OF THE SELF-IDENTITY OF THE ARMENIAN PEOPLE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
This article is devoted to the formation and the development of the Armenian national-cultural autonomies, the formation of the Armenian diaspora in the Russian Federation in the contest of the ethnological analysis.
Key words: national-cultural autonomy, ethnology, diaspora, Armenians.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES
Е.А. SHAPOSHNIKOVA PhD (political sciences), assistant professor of the Department of sociology and management, S.A. Esenin Ryazan state University, Russia, Ryazan
IMPROVEMENT OF THE MECHANISMS OF FORMATION OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE REFORM OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article is devoted to the study of the stages of development of the political and legal basis for the formation of bodies of local self-government in the Russian Federation. The article also identifyes trends in the formation of the electoral system of party lists at the municipal level since the implementation of local government reform. The author analyses the transition from the majoritarian electoral system, the most common in the 2000s, to the gradual legislative introduction of the proportional system in local elections in the Russian Federation. In the end, the author draws conclusions about the reasons for underdevelopment of party representation in the elections at the municipal level, as well as the inappropriate use of the system of party elections in the municipalities of the Russian Federation.
Key words: municipal management, local government bodies, formation, reform, legislation.
А.А. RUMYANTZEVA Ph.D. (political science), Deputy Director on educational work of the State budgetary educational institution of secondary professional education Construction College No.30, Russia, Moscow
FORMATION OF CLUSTER STRUCTURES AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR MANAGING SOCIAL SPHERE
The article deals with the formation, management and operation of the social sphere of a region, and creation of a social cluster meeting the needs of the region. The author proposes a possible structure of a regional social cluster.
Key words: cluster policy, social cluster, networked social sphere.
М.А. МAYSTAT PhD (political sciences), assistant professor at the chair of politology and sociology, Department of Sociology, Economy and Law, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
TAX FEDERALISM: CONCEPT, GENESIS, CONTENT, ESSENCE AND PRINCIPLES (BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIA AND THE UNITED STATES)
The fundamental idea of federalism as a territorial form of democracy is inseparable from the concept of fiscal federalism, and as part of it – of tax federalism. The approach of scientists towards the assigning of a separate "tax federalism" is ambiguous. Considering the large number of other terms (economic federalism, financial federalism, fiscal federalism, federalism of negotiations, competitive federalism etc.) and the importance of fiscal federalism, with which these terms are associated or even identified, the tax federalism itself is not widely used. In this article, the author analyzes the actual tax federalism in Russia and the United States, its genesis, content and basic principles.
Key words: tax federalism, governance, budget system, model, federal relations, Russia, United States.
SUTTHISANGIAM SORRAKOM post-graduate student, Department of Political Sciences, Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Thailand, Bangkok
PARTY SYSTEM IN TAILAND
The author explores the party system in Thailand. He analyzes programs of political parties that form its structure. Upon studying the evolution of political parties in Thailand, the author reveals main trends and problems in the development of the party system.
Key words: political parties, party system, the program of a political party, electorate, parliament, opposition, Thailand.
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
К.V. NIKOLAEV PhD (Political sciences), Russia, Moscow
DEFINITION AND NATURE OF POLITICAL CONFLICTS AND POLITICAL CRISES IN THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
The author answers the question of what constitutes political conflict, what is its nature and resolution mechanisms. The author explores various definitions of this concept, presented in the scientific literature, and gives his own interpretation of the concept of "political conflict". In general, the political conflict is nothing more than a variant of the competitive interaction between several parties (groups, states and individuals) seeking conquest, the subsequent distribution and retention of power. The conflict is one of the possible variants of interaction of the policy subjects. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of the society, continuously generating citizens' dissatisfaction with their situation, differences in views and other types of mismatch positions, most often it is the conflict that forms the basis for the behaviour of different individuals and groups, leading to the changes in government structures and transformation of the political processes.
Key words: political conflict, political crisis, the system, the state, political authority, institute, management, interaction.
D.V. PERKOVA Candidate of Political Sciences head of the press center of the National Union of Political Scientists, Russia, Moscow
ETNO-LINGUISIC AND RELIGIOUS COMPONENTS OF THE POLITICAL CONFLICTS IN RUSSIA: HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ANALYSIS
This article is devoted to the influence of ethnic, linguistic and religious factors to the structure and course of political conflicts in Russia in the context of the historical development of our state and in our time.
Key words: ethnic, linguistic and religious factors, international relations, political conflict.
NEGUSIE CASSIE V. MICHAEL Doctor of History, Professor of the Department of political sciences of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Ethiopia
N.G. SMOLIK deputy head of the Department of theory and history of international relations of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Russia, Moscow
ETHNIC CONFLICTS AND THE PROBLEM OF SELF-IDENTIFICATION OF AFRICAN SOCIETY IN THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY
The article is devoted to the analysis of ethnic conflicts in Africa. The worsening economic, social and political inequality of ethnic groups in Africa causes ethnic conflicts. The political movement for the emancipation of ethnic minorities is supported by the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO).
Key words: ethnos, ethnic and confessional composition of the population, ethnic segmentation, ethnic conflicts, "ethnic federalism".
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF NATIONAL SECURITY
V.V. MALYSHEV working for a degree at the Department of national security of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Russia, Moscow
GEO-POLITICAL EXTREMISM AS A THREAT TO RUSSIA'S NATIONAL SECURITY
Modern processes and political transformation of Russia have led to the development of such phenomena as extremism and associated terrorism that gave rise to the growth of crime and the assault on the government institutions and the society in general. In the Russian Federation, a rapid growth of extremism is taking place from the 90-ies of the last century whith the change of the country's political system and transition to market relations. In the modern Russian society, these manifestations took the form of political, ethnic, national and social extremism and are interlocked with the terrorism and organized crime, thus, posing threats to the national security of the Russian Federation. The activities of extremist organizations and their representatives in all cases are aimed at a violent change of the constitutional system, and with a good reason must be considered as threats to the national security.
Key words: national security, extremism, geopolitics, public administration.
A.R. SULEYMANOV Ph.D. (political sciences), working for the doctorate degree at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Russia, Ufa
NATIONAL POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF RUSSIAN FEDERALISM: IS THE SECOND "PARADE OF SOVEREIGNTIES" POSSIBLE?
Disintegrative tendencies in the Russian regions pose a great threat to the integrity of the state and can be activated in a variety of regions. A special role in these processes is played by regional elites, which in certain circumstances can act as guarantors of the constitutional integrity of the country, or as a factor of disintegration activities in a given region. The article discusses the disintegrative potential of various Russian regions, which has undergone major changes since the period of the beginning of sovereignty ("parade of sovereignties").
Key words: federalism, region, national policy, national security, disintegration potential, sovereignty, national and federal relations, integrity.