Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 11. Issue 3 (72), 2021.

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, FOREIGN AND WORLD POLICY

REFLECTIONS ON THE READ

CONFERENCES

Kаraev T.M. Conference on the Heritage of Ossetian Poet and Thinker K.L. Khetagurov “The Whole World is My Temple”

Our authors № 3-2021

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.001

A.A. EMELYANOVA Ph.D. (History), senior lecturer at the General University Department of General and Russian History of the Institute of Humanities of the State, Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

SEASONALITY OF THE RESIDENTS OF MOSCOW IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE «NIKITSKY MAGPIE»)

Object: To determine the features of the seasonality of marriages of burghers and shop workers in Moscow in the first half of the XIX century on the territory of the Nikitsky Sorok.

Methods: On the basis of the metric books, a database was created on the marriages of burghers and shop workers in the parishes of the Nikitsky Sorok. Metric books for the years 1787, 1810, 1813, 1841 and 1859 were used (CIAM. f. 203. op. 745. V. 1. № 55, 174, 188, 359, 360, 556, 557). All records of weddings in which the bride or groom belonged to the class of burghers or guild members were analyzed. Structural and analytical grouping methods were applied to the created database.

Findings: Data were obtained on the distribution by month of weddings of burghers and shop workers in the parishes of the Nikitsky Sorok for the years 1787, 1810, 1813, 1841 and 1859.

Conclusions: The study revealed the existence in Moscow in the first half of the XIX century of its own type of seasonality of marriages among the bourgeoisie and the social groups that made up their marriage circle. This type of marriage seasonality was formed in the conditions of freedom from the agricultural cycle and was characterized by a relatively high uniformity of the distribution of marriages by seasons.

Key words: seasonality of marriages, historical demography, burghers, shop workers, Moscow history of the XIX century, social history, marriage and wedding.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.002

N.V. ZANOZIN PhD in Historical sciences, associate Professor, Department of Humanities, Institute of food technology and design – branch of the Nizhny Novgorod state engineering and economic University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE GORKOVSKY OBKOM OF THE PARTY IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD (1945-1953)

The article is devoted to the actual topic of the formation of the Soviet ruling class-the party nomenclature. The author considers the regional aspect of this problem. Based on the analysis of archival documents, the article traces the process of changes that took place in the social composition of Soviet party officials, and identifies the factors that influence the formation of the nomenklatura layer as the ruling class of Soviet society. The result of the study is the conclusion that it was in the post-war years that a layer of party workers was formed, which took root in power in the following decades.

Key words: nomenclature, ruling class, regional aspect, post-war period, personnel training.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.003

V.N. KUZNETSOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, St. Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE IMPORTANCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC TRADE IN THE NORTH-WEST OF RUSSIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY

The article examines the specifics and main trends in the development of trade, shows the importance of trade entrepreneurship in the modernization of the North-West of Russia in the second half of the XIX century.

Key words: business world, trade entrepreneurship, modernization, trade, domestic market.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.004

E.A. EMELYANOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History, Social Studies and Pedagogical Technologies, Kuban State University, branch in Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Russia

S.S. POGORELOV Teacher of History and Law of the SPO department, Kuban State University, branch in Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Russia

THE POLICY OF THE SOVIET AUTHORITIES AGAINST THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE KUBAN REGION IN 1920-1940 YEARS OF THE XX CENTURY

This article is devoted to the problem of the policy of the Soviet government, related to the Russian Orthodox Church in the Kuban in 1920-1940. The article attempts to compare the number of Orthodox parishes in the Krasnodar Territory with the total number of churches created at the time of the highest heyday of church construction in the Kuban as part of the Orthodox Empire, so the starting point is the beginning of the twentieth century. For comparison, the data on the change in the number of Orthodox churches in Ekaterinodar from 1911 to 1922 are analyzed. There was a massive ideological work, it was accompanied by increased pressure on the church, through the looting of its property and the liquidation of parishes in accordance with the decree of the Central Executive Committee " On the procedure for the confiscation of church valuables that were in use by groups of believers in 1922, the article also indicates that a commission was organized in the Kuban, which organized the seizure of church property.

In the course of the work, the authors set promising goals, analyzed the organization of state influence on the institution of the church in the context of accepted religions, analyzed the reduction in the number of parishes and the seizure of property from the ROC in the Kuban during the study period. An assessment of the religious situation in different geographical origin is given.

Key words: Church, parish, temple, monastery, house of worship.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.005

I.YU. BROVCHENKO Researcher fellow of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, theologian, PhD-student in Vistula University, Warsaw, Poland

THE PRACTICAL ASPECT OF DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH AND THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN MODERN POLITICS

The article is talking about practical opportunity in the dialogue between the Russian Orthodox and the Roman Catholic churches, that dialogue is a source of new ways in the relationships between churches as political institute. In the article author gives the overview of history touching the development of clerical dialogue between the Churches. The dialogue takes a practical place and is a topical subject in the modern life.

Key words: the Russian Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church, Christianity, politics and religion, state, dialogue, pluralism, faith, belief, society, modern life.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.006

E.A. VANKINA Senior lecturer of the Department of International and European Law of the Faculty of Law, National Research Mordovian State University named after N.P. Ogarev, Saransk, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF THE ELECTION OF JUSTICES OF THE PEACE IN THE PROVINCIAL COUNTIES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

The article discusses the features of the introduction of the institute of world justice in the provincial provinces of tsarist Russia. Archival data on Gorodishchensky Uyezd of the Penza province are given: the composition of judges, division by world districts, sources of funding. The significance and radical nature of the reform of the judicial system is noted. The results obtained indicate that the society is not ready for changes and that the judicial reform of 1864 is incomplete.

Key words: magistrate's court, institution, reform, judicial system, judicial proceedings, province, county, budget, zemstvos.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.007

M.V. EVSTRATOV Adjunct of the Department of history, Military University, Moscow, Russia

TRAINING OF JUNIOR COMMANDERS OF THE RED ARMY DURING THE REORGANIZATION OF 1939-JUNE 1941. SOME ASPECTS

The article is devoted to the training of the junior command staff of the Red Army during the reorganization of 1939 – June 1941. The article considers theoretical and methodological foundations of the Junior command staff of the red army in the period of reorganization 1939 – June 1941; dismantled and studied historiography and the views of other authors on the topic: selected problems and the analysis of the statistics, and also investigated the specificity of some aspects of training of Junior officers of the red army in the period of reorganization 1939 – June 1941.

Key words: Great Patriotic War, war, troops, Red Army, Red Army, training, composition, junior command staff.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.008

L.М. ILYASOV Working for the degree of Doctor of History Sciences at the Miklukho-Maklay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL CULT BUILDINGS IN CHECHNYA

The article is devoted to the history of cult buildings in Chechnya. Notwithstanding the fact that there are not any Christian church left on the territory of Chechnya, the author comes to the conclusion that there were some Christian cult building in Chechnya in the specific period of history, considering data from historical sources, folk and archaeological documents. However, because of the Christian religion decay, especially in the mountainous regions, the degradation of architectural forms continues. The buildings of Byzantine architecture with completed forms were transformed to the mausoleums and afterwards to column-like shielings. Considering spirituality, this process was accompanied by returning of mountainous people from the Christianity to heathen beliefs with strong Christian layers. Since distribution of the Islamic religion in Chechnya in XVI-XVII centuries, the construction of mosques affected by local architectural forms has been started.

Key words: Chechen people, cult buildings, Christianity, paganism, Islamic religion, mosques.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.009

O.A. KRUPSKAIA Postgraduate student of the Moscow City Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

THE POLISH QUESTION AND THE FEATURES OF RUSSIAN-POLISH RELATIONS IN XIX CENTURY

The present article covers the main “pressure points” of Russian-Polish relations in one of the most controversial periods in our common history. XIX century discovers a huge complex of problems. For example, geopolitical factor, polish identity issue, the Russian-Polish dialog problem. By combining all the aspects together, we find a grand research issue well-known as a Polish question. Such a difficult theme should be analysed in the context of Russia-Polish relations evolution. So, we can find the exact impact of different events on the Polish question and its’ transformation as a result.

Key words: the polish question, uprising 1830-1831, uprising 1863-1864, partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.010

V.K. TITERINA Degree applicant of the Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

DYNAMICS OF THE FOREIGN POLITICAL COURSE OF RUSSIA IN THE LATE XVII BEGINNING OF THE XVIII CENTURY

The article is dedicated to a generalized analysis of the changes in the vector of Russia's international policy in connection with the formation of a system of "short-term alliances", political reforms and the rapidly changing theater of world politics at the end of the XVIIth and the first quarter of the XVIIIth centuries.

Key words: Russian Empire, short-term alliances, external politics, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.011

R.G. CHICHERIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Modern History of Russia, Moscow State Regional University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMAGE OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE RUSSIAN POLITICAL LEADERSHIP DURING THE REIGN OF Boris YELTSIN

This article is devoted to the study of the image of the United States in the Russian political leadership of the Yeltsin era. The chronological framework of the study covers the last decade of the XX century. The author of the article seeks to prove that for a given period of time, the image of the United States in the views of the ruling elite did not differ in any stability. Initially, we must admit that it was perceived by representatives of the ruling elite of our country mainly from a positive side. President Yeltsin and the head of his foreign policy department, Kozyrev, declared the need for rapprochement with the United States, regarding them as almost the main allies. After Primakov became the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, this positive image of this power has undergone significant changes. As the main priorities, he set cooperation with the CIS countries and with the East. At the same time, it is worth noting that Primakov sought to prevent a unipolar world led by the United States. This position will be further reflected in the activities of the next Foreign Minister, Igor Ivanov. Under him, the main event for such a statement will be the bombing of Yugoslavia by NATO forces.

Key words: Yeltsin, Bush Sr., cooperation, START-2, Clinton, Primakov, NATO, Yugoslavia, Chernomyrdin.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.012

M.D. PISHCHUK Postgraduate student, Department of History of State Institutions and Public Organizations, Faculty of History, Historical and Archival Institute, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia

«FIRST YEAR»: THE GOSKOMNATS OF RUSSIA AND ITS ACTIVITIES TO PROTECT THE RUSSIAN-SPEAKING POPULATION IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE IN 1992

In 1992, the Goskomnats of Russia was one of the first state agencies that attempted to form the «first outlines» of a comprehensive state policy of Russia in relation to the Russian-speaking population in the post-Soviet space. The purpose of this article is to analyze the specific practical and conceptual measures implemented by the committee on this issue, as well as to identify those specific problems, the solution of which was considered paramount.

In the course of the study, the archival documents of the Goskomnats of Russia for 1992 were studied, as well as the relations of the committee with other state agencies were analyzed. As a result, an idea was obtained about the role of the Goskomnats of Russia in the implementation at the national level of measures to protect the Russian-speaking population. It turned out that the committee, despite its limited resources, prepared a number of innovative proposals for the formation of a comprehensive state policy of Russia to protect the Russian-speaking population in the post-Soviet space. The work of the committee was based on the position that a verified foreign policy to protect the Russian-speaking population could provide Russia with additional instruments of influence on the countries of the post-Soviet space. It is worth noting that many of the ideas proposed by the committee were implemented many years later and showed their effectiveness: the creation of institutions to support the Russian-speaking population, financial support for Russian-speaking organizations, the creation of Russian-speaking news agencies and cultural centers.

Key words: Goskomnats of Russia, Russian-speaking population, compatriots, Russian compatriots, Ethnic Russians, post-Soviet space, ethnic policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.013

O.A. SHIMATYUK Graduate student of History science and archeology direction, Imternational relations and law department, NSUEM, Novosibirsk State University of economics and management, Novosibirsk, Russia

FORMATION OF THE ENERGY DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE 1990s-2000s

The author examines the main directions of developing the energy dialog between Russian Federation and European Union, also the premises and problems of the cooperation are examined in the article.

Key words: national interests, partnership, energy market, energy cooperation, energy security, energy cooperation, energy dialog, Russian Federation, European Union.

THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.014

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia

THE BIBLE AS A SOURCE OF LAW (PART SIX)

Based on the second part of Article 67 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the author sets the task to show the convergence in the legal systems of the world divine and human principles, while keeping in mind that the beginning of a positive (human, artificial) rights was embedded in the theological stage of civilization. The implementation of this task requires an analysis of various legal concepts in their historical development; the content of the Bible in the context of the norms of human behavior, rules of life (commandments, parables of Jesus Christ, recommendations of the Holy Apostles); regulatory documents of various countries, including Russia, in their historical development.

The article is divided into several parts based on the volume of its content.

Key words: God, divine law, natural law, positive law, Bible, Commandments, philosophers, scientists, lawyers, normative documents, legal concepts.

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.015

A.A. NIKLAUS Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Intellectual Property Management, Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF CULTURAL SELF-DETERMINATION OF TERRITORIAL MINORITIES IN THE PROCESS OF FORMING THE NATIONAL INTRAREGIONAL SPACE: DOMESTIC AND EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE

The article attempts to comprehend and analyze the main views and approaches to the problem of ensuring the rights of territorial minorities to self-identification and self-determination in modern states. In addition, the key directions for optimizing the territorial structure of European states have been analyzed.

At the same time, the article provides a comprehensive analysis of legal documents regulating regional policy and territorial optimization of the European Union, such as the European Charter of Local Self-Government, the European Charter for Regional Democracy, the European Charter for Regional Languages, the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, etc.

Based on the analysis of the political and legal practice of European countries, the author proposes conclusions and generalizations about the potential and actual possibility of using mechanisms and technologies for ensuring the rights of territorial minorities in the domestic political process.

Key words: region, EU, federalism, state space, territorial structure, regional policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.016

O.V. TSVETKOVA Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Associate Professor Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

NATION-BUILDING AND LANGUAGE POLICY IN MODERN RUSSIA (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF ETHNOSOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH)

Introduction. The main scientific task of the research is to develop the concept of "nation-building" as a fundamental socio-political project aimed at strengthening the political stability of the entire Russian multinational society in the face of new challenges. In the article, the author examines the elements of the concept of state policy of nation-building and the current state of language policy, taking into account the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Scientific novelty is associated with the conceptual generalization of new problems, challenges and risks of building the concept of a state-forming people, which require fundamental theoretical understanding within the framework of domestic ethnopolitical science, which will be a fundamentally new step forward in the development of the concept of building a civil nation, national and civil identity in Russia.

Materials and methods. Ethnosociological research is devoted to the study of the attitude of young people to various aspects of the implementation of the state national policy. The research is based on the materials of the ethnosociological research by the questionnaire method.

The results of the study. The results of the study are of theoretical and practical significance. Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation on issues of language policy are considered. The main elements of the concept of the state policy of nation-building are proposed and disclosed. The regulatory framework of nation-building and the scope of implementation of the state policy of nation-building are disclosed. The methods and technologies for promoting the state policy of nation-building in modern Russia are defined. Proposals for the preservation of the cultural heritage of national minorities are presented.

Key words: nation, nation-building, language policy, interethnic relations, national policy, state language.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.017

L.S. RUBAN Doctor of Science (Sociology), Professor, Head of the Department of Research of International Cooperation Issues Institute of the Socio-Political Researches FSRSC RAS, Moscow, Russia

INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL FACTORS ON DEVELOPMENT THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NEW SOCIAL REALITY

The author, based on the methodology of system analysis and the concept of close interconnectedness and interdependence of the world, shows how external risks and threats affect the functioning of the economic and social sphere of the Russian Federation in modern conditions, affecting the security system and the positioning of our country in the structure of international relations. The author's argument is based on the use of a comparative method when summarizing Russian and foreign analytical and statistical materials on this issue in the scientific literature, content analysis of publications in the media and using the results of international expert surveys conducted over 15 years in 16 countries within the framework of the international project "Dialogue Partnership as a factor of stability and integration" ("Bridge between the West and the East" – head of Prof. Ruban L.S.) ISPR FNESC wounds. The empirical material was obtained using the application of sociological research methods, namely: international expert surveys in the form of interviews and questionnaires. Logically justified is the author's conclusion that it is reliable to ensure their security, improve the standard of living of the population and change their position in the international arena (status and image) The Russian Federation will be able to do this only if it transforms the economy in accordance with the scientific and technological requirements of progressive development and increases labor productivity. These changes will ensure the sustainable development of the industrial, economic, and social spheres of Russian society and will help our country to take its rightful place in the world community.

Key words: Russian Federation, COVID-2019 pandemic, GDP, international security system, economic security, sustainable development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.018

N.A. ERSHOW PhD student, Department of Public Relations and Media policy of the Russian, Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

A.R. OMEROVICH Master, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

PROTEST POTENTIAL AS AN ELECTION CAMPAIGN TOOL (PART II: THE STATE DUMA ELECTIONS OF 2021. FORECASTS)

The article presents the author's observations and reflections on the possible development of events in the run-up to the 2021 elections, analyzes the most frequently used means and methods of mass influence, and highlights significant events for the actors of the electoral process that directly affect the degree and quality of competitiveness in the election campaign. The most probable election outcomes, significant factors affecting the potential of protest moods of voters are identified, and a method of managerial influence aimed at minimizing the negative political consequences of the event under discussion is proposed.

Key words: protest movements, political process, opposition, election campaigns, elections, Moscow City Duma, political technologies, media policy, black technologies, electronic voting, smart voting.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.019

ALSALIBI RIWAA PhD student, Saint Petersburg State University, department of theory of journalism and mass communications, St. Petersburg, Russia

ETHNIC GROUPS ON THE PAGES OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN RUSSIA

The study is devoted to the identification of various forms of adaptation based on the study of media texts posted by migrant ethnic groups in the social networks in Russia. Special attention is paid to the classification of the types of individual adaptation of migrants in the Russian society. The author examines in detail the nature and dynamics of migrants' adaptation, taking into account the significant influence of such social institution as the mass media, especially the so-called new media: online publications, social networks, messengers, interactive services, etc.

This study examines the processes of creating a unique space of adaptive communication practices by ethnic communities. The author analyzes the most successful migrants’ adaptation scenarios using adaptive acculturation practices. The study analyzes electronic sources (websites and pages in social networks) devoted to news about the migrants’ life in Russia.

The author comes to the conclusion that the ethnic communities of migrants are characterized by a combination of different types of social adaptation. The results of the study shows that the adaptive practices of ethno-cultural communities and the content of media resources intended for migrants have a clear relationship, and media resources are formed as communicative nodes of problems that are most relevant and topical for the representatives of each specific ethnic group.

Key words: ethno-cultural communities, migrants, communication, conformity, rebellion, social networks, socialization, adaptive practices, ethnic journalism, R. Merton.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.020

N.D. SHIKHER Post-graduate student of the Chair of national and federal relations, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Head of the Department at the Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

INSTITUTIONAL FORMS OF STATE-CONFESSIONAL INTERACTION IN MODERN RUSSIA

This article examines the institutional forms of relations between the state and religious associations that are relevant for Russia. Over the past decades, an extensive system of special bodies responsible for state-confessional policy has been created throughout the country. Considering that the number of all Russian bodies for interaction with religious associations is in the hundreds, several dozen of them were selected for this study, and the article provides only a few illustrative examples. In order to determine the effectiveness of the work of these institutions, the author carried out a detailed analysis of their current and reporting activities: the minutes of the meetings were studied, the information on the events held and the nature of interaction with religious associations was checked, and the composition of the bodies was analyzed for the participation of representatives from religious associations in them. The logic of the presentation of the material of the article is due to the principle of federalism: first, the federal bodies are considered, then the regional and municipal ones. And if the effectiveness of the activities of federal institutions dealing with issues related to religious associations does not raise doubts on the whole, then the situation in the regions and localities requires certain adjustments. It seems that the most vulnerable factor of most regional and municipal bodies, called upon to interact with religious associations, is their orientation towards traditional confessions, while other religious associations, also operating in their territory, remain outside the area of attention of the authorities. The author proposes to make some changes in the established procedure for the functioning of the bodies of state-confessional interaction, aimed, firstly, at ensuring openness and accessibility of information about their activities, and secondly, at establishing guarantees that the interests of each religious association operating in the relevant territory are taken into account.

Key words: state-confessional relations, religious associations, confession, religion in the state, bodies of state-confessional interaction.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.021

А.V. LINDO Master of Political Science, Herzen State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

LABOR MIGRATION POLICY IN THE REGIONS: NETWORK THEORY IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL DECISION-MAKING

The article analyzes the mechanism of political decision-making on the example of labor migration issues. The problem of the issue under study is that the legal regulation of labor migration against the background of recent legislative changes is becoming particularly relevant and for their resolution political decisions are supposed to take into account regional specifics and assess the effectiveness of state policy in the declared area. The objective of the study is to examine the network theory of political decision-making on the example of regional labor migration policy. As a result of the study, it was found that the optimal type of political network in relation to this issue is the Policy network as a network that arises in a particular sector of politics.

Key words: labor migration, political network, political solution, regional policy, concept.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, FOREIGN AND WORLD POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.022

A.V. MOISEEV Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation, Ph.D. of Military Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D. of Economic Sciences Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Military Sciences and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia

INTERSTATE COOPERATION TO REDUCE THE RISKS OF GLOBAL NUCLEAR THREATS: CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE

Interstate cooperation is characterized by the consolidated activities of states to solve nuclear problems without the direct and direct participation of international organizations. Interstate cooperation in the nuclear field is implemented in the form of multilateral and bilateral treaties and agreements on nuclear issues.

Key words: nuclear weapons, interstate cooperation in the nuclear sphere, nuclear world, nuclear security, global nuclear threats.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.023

ALJARWAN MOHD KHIER JARWAN PhD (Political science), Moscow, Russia

IRANIAN INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SYRIAN CRISIS: RUSSIAN-IRANIAN RELATIONS

The creation of international alliances is one of the tools of Iran's foreign policy strategy in the Middle East after the Arab Spring. Iran has always pursued an independent policy, especially in the Middle East. taking into account international pressure and the results of the "Arab Spring" The researcher found that Iran has developed its relations with two of the world's leading leaders – the Russian Federation and China. As Russia's interests are closer to those of Iran in the Middle East, relations between the two sides have significantly improved in the areas of political, economic cooperation and security issues.

Key words: international alliances, Iran, Russia, Syrian Crisis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.024

M.A. SHOLKOVA Post-graduate student of the Diplomatic Academy, third secretary of the Third department of CIS countries MFA of Russia, Moscow, Russia

JAPAN’S PEACEKEEPING ACTIONS

The scope of the present article is to examine Japan’s peacekeeping efforts. Using an historical approach, the author analyzes how Japan’s policy and involvement in peacekeeping missions abroad has changed through the years.

Key words: Japan’s peacekeeping operations, peacekeeping, UN peacekeeping operations, Japan, South Sudan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.025

O.V. SEMENOVA Senior Lecturer at the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

MODELING IN FOREIGN POLICY

The article describes examples of models and directions of modeling in foreign policy. The need for modeling is an objective phenomenon associated with the cognition of reality with the help of a substitute object. To study the properties of more and more complicated objects and entire systems, the requirements for their models are also becoming more complicated. Basis of Web 4.0 technology – unification of intellectual capabilities of people and networks; the most promising are neural network models, cognitive technologies, and self-learning models. Improving the methods of collecting and analyzing information makes it possible to create more accurate information models of objects of the socio-political system.

Key words: Modeling, forecasting, mathematical methods, mathematical modeling in foreign policy, classes of models.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.026

ABAHRA MUSHIR IBRAHIM HASSAN Postgraduate, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

SHEHADA MO'MIN T.F. Master Candidate, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

SPREADING DEMOCRACY AS A METHOD OF US FOREIGN POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST

This article examines US foreign policy towards the Middle East. This study aims to shed light on the real American goals behind the claim to spread democracy and develop a culture of human rights in the Arab world. The importance of this study stems from the study of American policy on democracy and human rights issues, especially after the events of September 11, 2001. It also examines the means used by US administrations to promote democracy and human rights, including military force.

This article aims to clarify the nature of US policy to intervene in the Arab region, divide countries and incite chaos, racial and ethnic prejudice, as well as religious and interfaith conflicts, such means and tools are used around the world, especially in the Arab region.

The purpose of this article is to examine US foreign policy and the main methods of promoting democracy in the Middle East.

Key words: Middle East, democracy, human rights, terrorism, foreign policy, USA, the Arab world.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.027

K.A. NOVIKOVA PhD student of the Faculty of International Relations, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF THE SOCIAL MEDIA FACTOR IN THE PROTESTS IN SPAIN

For the last two decades, the expansion of Internet access as well as the new developments of the Information Technologies, have transformed the forms of management, transmission and impact of protests and political activism. The appropriation of the technical instruments by extensive publics has contributed to the appearance of horizontal networks in which frameworks of shared meanings, actions and reflections for social protests are webbed. In this article the activist network is characterized as a new type of collective actor who does not fit in the traditional definitions of social movement and who has a marked communicative dimension. The main purpose of this work is focused on analyzing the use of social networks for organizing and disseminating social demonstrations in Spain. Thinking about the relationship between human and technology in communicative terms is becoming increasingly important in an era when the media transforms at breakneck speed, and the connection between cyberspace and the physical space of the streets does not elude this reflection.

Key words: Internet, activist networks, Web 2.0, social movements.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.028

P.E. BIRYUKOV Lecturer-researcher at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

REALIZATION OF RUSSIAN NATIONAL INTERESTS IN INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS

Russia as a world power seeks to strengthen its influence in the world. To do this, it uses the transport, energy and information connectivity of countries. The material carrier of connectivity are international transport corridors. For a fuller realization of national interests in ITC, Russia needs to continue the theoretical development of problems in this area, including the theory of solving foreign policy problems. Russia's actions in international transport corridors should not contradict the trends in the formation of a new world order. Russia must develop a leadership position in the development of ITC. These and other actions will contribute to the formation of a new, more just world order which corresponds to the Russian national interests.

Key words: connectivity, international transport corridor, new world order, competitiveness, Northern Sea Route, Nord Stream 2, leadership, digitalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.029

A.A. KAPITONOV Candidate of Science degree, Diplomatic Academy Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPACT OF THE 2020 US PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RESULTS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE NATIONAL AND GLOBAL DIMENSIONS

The concept of sustainable development (SD) emerged in the 1970-1980s as a model of the world order, within which it would be possible to cope with the global challenges of our time, simultaneously ensuring a decent life for all on a healthy planet in peace and justice. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which includes 17 interdependent goals in the economic, social and environmental spheres, is currently the most inclusive and holistic mechanism for transition to such a society. The result of its implementation largely depends on the well-coordinated work of the states and on the political will of the most influential players in the world stage, who are able to set the trend of a universal focus on the principles of sustainability. One of these actors is the United States, which, however, has not always supported the UN initiatives in this area, especially taking into account the presidency of D. Trump. At the same time, the elections held there in 2020 radically changed the situation: the victory went to the candidate from the Democratic Party, J. Biden, whose political platform is largely built in accordance with the principles of SD. In this regard, it seems relevant to consider the US approaches to SD in a retrospective way, to analyze the current situation concerning the implementation of the 2030 Agenda at the national level by Washington in particular in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to identify possible prospects for its carrying out on the global scale, in light of Biden's steps to change the isolationist course, taken by the previous president.

Key words: United States, presidential election, sustainable development, global challenges, international cooperation, UN, SDGs, environment, global market, renewable energy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.030

O.N. POLTAVTSEVA Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

NEW MEDIA AND POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN ITALY. SILVIO BERLUSCONI, BEPPE GRILLO, MATTEO SALVINI

This article aims to explain the nature of political communication in Italy, contending that some of its elements have been relevant during media mogul Berlusconi’s rise to power. Television was the tool to explain Berlusconi’s success. Academic attention to new media has sharply increased in recent years, because Italy moves away from a television-dominated society to an Internet-based one. New media can intensify electoral competition by reducing the barriers for entrants to raise money online. The Italian Republic has become first big democracy in the West where new media gave birth to the Five Star Movement party. The leader of the Lega M.Salvini also has built his success using new media such as Facebook and Twitter. By monopolizing media politicians in Italy have become brands where the boundary between political culture and pop culture can’t be distinguished.

Key words: Grillo, Facebook, Berlusconi, Italy, new media, political communication, Salvini, Twitter.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.031

D.S. OVCHINNIKOV Student of a bachelor's degree of the department of Political Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

M.S. SHPAK Student of a bachelor's degree of the department of Political Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

E.E. NECHAY Academic Advisor, Candidate of Political Science, Assistant Professor, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

NORD STREAM-2: POLITICAL CONFLICTS TO A COMMERCIAL PROJECT

The purpose of the study is to analyze the political contradictions of the Nord Stream-2: starting with the problems in the economic policy of Germany, Poland, and Ukraine and ending with intra-elite disagreements in the United States. The political situation in the article is considered from the point of view of the main actors: Russia, Germany, the United States, Poland and Ukraine. The authors examines the reasons for the escalation of the conflict around the "SP-2", as well as the political and economic tools of the participants in this conflict. As a conclusion, the author, based on the method of scenarios, predicted three scenarios: "Freeze", "Neutrality" and "Benefit".

Key words: Nord Stream-2, political conflicts, economic interests, private companies, government, Germany, Russia, USA.

REFLECTIONS ON THE READ

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.032

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Moscow, Russia

TO THE QUESTION OF THE ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF “NATION-BUILDING.” REFLECTIONS ON THE READ

The article under review reveals the problems of scientific research carried by scientists from the post-Soviet states on an important and relevant topic of nation-building. The article analyzes the approaches of different countries to the definition of state-forming nation and national languages and warns about the emergence of new sources of ethno-political contradictions and conflicts.

Key words: nation, ethnos, state, nation-building, ethno-politics, state-forming nation, national language, source of ethno-political conflicts.

CONFERENCES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.72.3.033

Т.М. КАRAEV Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CONFERENCE ON THE HERITAGE OF OSSETIAN POET AND THINKER K.L. KHETAGUROV “THE WHOLE WORLD IS MY TEMPLE”