Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 8. Issue 4 (43), 2018.
CONTENTS
NATIONAL HISTORY
FOREIGN HISTORY
THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICS
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
FOREIGN POLICY PROCESS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
NATIONAL HISTORY
N.V. KAMARDINA Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor at the Chair of history and philosophy of Kamchatka State University named after Vitus Bering, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
KAMCHATKA ORGANIZATION OF THE RCP(B): FROM THE HISTORY OF CREATION
The article is based on published sources and unpublished documents from the state archives of Khabarovsk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka, it considers little-known facts about the creation of the first organization of the RCP(b) in 1920 in Kamchatka. The author raises the question about the role of personality in the regional historical processes in the period of the Great Russian revolution of 1917-1922 and comes to the conclusion about the specifics of the revolutionary processes in the territory of the frontier and specific features of political leaders, formed in these conditions.
Key words: the Great Russian revolution, RCP(b), Far East, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka, personality.
I.V. SAVELYEVA specialist at the Chair of world history of Tyumen State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
POWER: THE HISTORICAL DIGRESSION
Power as a social phenomenon is an existing in any society strong-willed relationship between people in the process of interaction. Power is the fundamental beginning of both society and politics, carrying out its presence in various spheres and processes of human life.
Key words: the etymology, the concept, the power, the political power, the politics, the historical excursus.
Yu.V. SHEKOTOVA Post-graduate student, Vologda state University, Vologda, Russia
POLITICAL EDUCATION AND SOCIAL REHABILITATION OF THE WOUNDED AND SICK DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (on the example of the Vologda region)
In the article, based on archive materials, the analysis of the work of hospitals on the political education of the wounded and sick in the years of the Great Patriotic War is given. During the war the state policy in the field of health protection of fighters and commanders of the Red Army also included measures to create a system for the social rehabilitation of wounded soldiers, in which an important role was assigned to hospitals. The author comes to the conclusion that during the war in hospitals a significant work was done not only related to the high quality of medical treatment of the wounded and sick, but also by raising their morale, by social rehabilitation, encouraging them to return to the ranks of fighters, and in case of unfitness to military service, direction to defense enterprises.
Key words: hospital, Vologda region, patriotism, political education, social rehabilitation of the wounded and sick, Great Patriotic War.
Z.B. GAZALIEVA post-graduate student at the Department of new and modern history of Dagestan, Institute of history, archeology and ethnography of Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Russia
THE ACTIVITY OF THE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF DAGESTAN IN THE 1970-1980: MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES
The article describes the main aspects of the development of higher educational institutions of Dagestan in the 70-80-ies of XX century the article Analyzes the role of universities in training qualified personnel for the sectors of economy and culture. The success of universities in training, public life of the Republic is analyzed, data on the strengthening of the material and technical base of educational institutions are presented. The article describes the events that influenced the update of the leadership of Dagestan universities in the 80s of the twentieth century.
Key words: Dagestan state University, higher education, educational activity, problems, professional education, higher education, higher education.
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Professor, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, People’s Deputy (1990-1993), Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE 90s. MEMOIRS OF THE RUSSIAN DEPUTY
The article considers the political situation in Russia at the beginning of the 90-ies of the last century on the basis of historical facts. The author describes difficult conditions for the development of democracy in national provinces. Specific examples in the Mordovian ASSR reveal complex relationships between Russian national authorities and authorities in the national constituencies. The article considers decisive actions taken by the politicians of the nineties in making crucial decisions for the democratic Russia.
Key words: the story of the' 90s, the national province, people of the nineties, Democrats, Communists, the CPSU Central Committee, Saransk city Council, the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR, Council of Nationalities, Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission, Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the RSFSR.
FOREIGN HISTORY
N.V. PALISHEVA Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor at the Chair of theory and history of state and law of the Siberian Institute of management-branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of Public Service and National Economy, Novosibirsk, Russia
AT THE ORIGINS OF ANTI-COLONIAL NATIONALISM: POLITICAL VIEWS AND IDEOLOGY OF THE FIRST LEADERS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
The article discusses formation of the Indian anti-colonial nationalism at the early stages of activities of Indian National Congress (1885-1907). Special attention the author pays to the analysis of the views of the first leaders and participants of the Congress on the role of Great Britain, the essence of the colonial system and the position of India in it. The list of requirements put forward by the members of INC to the colonial power is considered in detail as well as their reasoning and the system of arguments.
Key words: Indian National Congress, colonial India, anti-colonial nationalism, Dadabhai Naorji, colonial system.
I.D. FROLOV post-graduate student at the Department of modern Russian history, Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH), Moscow, Russia
MIGRATION CRISIS IN THE EU AS A DETERMINANT OF STRENTHENING OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Migration crisis in the European Union is reflected not only in the situation within the alliance, but also in relations with other countries. The Russian Federation, for its part, regards the EU as one of the key partners in the world – it is reflected in the Russian Foreign Policy Concept of 2016. Analyzing this document, as well as the National Security Strategy of 2015 and the Concept of the Migration Policy of 2017, the author suggests using the migration crisis in Europe to promote Russia's interests on the EU's territory, skillfully playing on the contradictions in the European Union related to the polarity of interests of the countries included in it.
Goals and objectives: The main purpose of this article is to assess the roots of the conflict situation between Russia and the European Union, as well as to reflect the impact of the migration crisis on bilateral relations. An important task is to find ways to restore bilateral cooperation and overcome the political crisis associated with a divergence in positions on the status of the Crimea.
Methods: The article was written with the use of analysis and systematization of information obtained from state concepts, speeches by the President of the Russian Federation and official government officials, monographs and articles by authors specializing in topics of migration and Russia's relations with the EU.
Results: Anti-Russian sentiments, spread by instruments of the Western "soft power" in Europe, significantly limit the potential of the Russian Federation to influence European politics and protect its strategic interests in key regions. Russia has far more opportunities and prospects than potential problems in the crisis situation related to the excessive influx of migrants into the EU.
Conclusion: The migration crisis that has spread across Europe in recent times gives the Russian Federation the opportunity to restore influence in the countries of the European Union and strengthen its positions in global politics.
Key words: European Union, Russian Federation, foreign policy, migration.
N.G. GERASIMOV Graduate student of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
SYRIAN BEDOUIN COMMUNITY IN THE XX CENTURY
The article examines development of the Syrian Bedouin community in the XX century, mainly in the field of relationship with Syrian government structures. During this period Syria has had a complex transformation from a part of the Ottoman Empire to an independent state through French mandate control. At the same time occurred enormous advance in technologies, which had considerable impact on Bedouin community making its traditional camel raising nomadic life on caravan path a kind of outdated. The rise of the state, its extensive growth and advanced complexity couldn`t lay aside traditional tribal structure of Bedouin community. In the XX century Syrian governments made several attempts to settle and assimilate nomads, deprive them from their special rights and made their legal status equal to that of common citizens. The most pressure was imposed on their legal status and land ownership. This pressure peaked during 1950-1960th, when extensive farming and modern agricultural technologies were implemented in the deserted areas populated by Bedouin tribes. That situation led to soil erosion while government pressure forced Bedouin sheikhs and some tribes to leave Syria for Jordan and Saudi Arabia. In the end of XX century government pressure to settle nomadic tribes and spread modern farming technologies was acknowledged ineffective and Bedouin community was incorporated to Syrian government structure with respect of their special status and traditional tribal structure.
Key words: Syria, Bedouin, migration, settling nomads, government relations.
THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICS
L.M. DROBIZHEVA Dr. Sci. (Hist.), Chief-researcher, Head of the Center of Interethnic Relations Research of Institute of Sociology FNISC RAS, Professor-researcher of National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
RUSSIAN CIVIL IDENTITY IN SCIENTIFIC AND POLITICAL DISCUSSIONS AND PUBLIC OPINION
The article shows discussions which went around understanding of the Russian civil identity before the appearance of the «Strategy of the State national policy of the Russian Federation until 2025» and during correction in 2016-2018. The author demonstrates complex content of Russian identity and compatibility with ethnic identity of citizens.
Bases on the analysis of sociological polls of 1990th and 2000th, author claimes that the formation of modern Russian identity takes place not only because of nation-building from "the above", but also spontaneously on the basis of ideas emerging in the mass consciousness.
Data of all-Russian polls of WCIOM, Institute of sociology FNISC RAS and regional polls show correlation with other collective identities, values and goals which unite society, problems to overcome in order to strengthen the positive Russian identity.
Key words: Russian civil identity, ethnic (ethnocultural) identity, interethnic accord, solidarity.
Sh.Kh. RIZOEV post-graduate student at the Chair of national and federative relations, Institute of public service and management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Service, Moscow, Russia
V.V. SCHMIDT Doctor of Sciences (philosophy), Professor at the Chair of state-confessional relations of the Institute of public service and management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Service, Moscow, Russia
POWER: PROBLEM OF DEFINITION-PROBLEM OF NATURE
The article is devoted to the problem of nature and definition of power. The phenomenon power is considered as a product of social integration based on the mechanism of alienation.
Key words: power, power as a social phenomenon, power in the system of politics, philosophy of power, axiology of power.
J.S. DZHANTEEVA Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor, head of the department for sociological research and analysis of Karachay-Cherkessk Institute for Humanitarian Research under the government of Cherkessk the KCR, Cherkessk, Russia
THEORETICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION OF ETHNICITY IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE
The modern approaches to the definition of the essence of ethnicity and the identical concepts of the ethnos and the nation are analyzed with the identification of their political content in the sociohumanitarian scientific thought. Generalized the distinctive aspects in the definition of ethnicity by representatives of the main research areas. The author presents the interpretation of the content of ethnicity as an expression of the realized need of the individual in ethnosocial relations, conditioned by various objective and subjective factors. In the final part, a conclusion was made about the expediency of studying ethnicity and developing appropriate tools based on the polyparadigmatic approach.
Key words: ethnicity, ethnos, nation, primordialism, constructivism, instrumentalism.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES
A.A. INDZHIEV postgraduate student at the Chair of international relations, political science and world economy at the Institute of international relations of Pyatigorsk State University, Deputy, Chairman of the standing Committee on economic development, entrepreneurship and investment of the Duma of the Georgievsky city district of Stavropol region, Pyatigorsk, Russia
SOCIAL MEDIA ELECTORAT OF FUTURE: RUSSIAN AND WESTERN POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES OF TOMORROW
The article is devoted to the political and electoral technologies review with social media support. The author defines the features of using social media by different groups of political actors, identifies the advantages and problems of applying various strategies for attracting the electorate in virtual space. In the conclusion of the article, the author fetches out the most promising technologies for working with the electorate in modern social media.
Key words: social media, political technologies, electoral process, political outsourcing.
D.V. POTAPOV post-graduate student, Chair of world politics and international relations of Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
ROLE OF TRANSFORMATION OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS IN THE CRISIS OF TRANSITOLOGY
The article considers the conditions under in the 50s of the last century which it became possible to form democratic institutions. It is proved that their existence in full was possible only in a special post-war period, when for several decades a unique coincidence of several historical events created exceptional conditions for continuous sustainable growth of the world economy. It is shown that the emergence of the concept of transitology coincided on time with the end of this period. The author considers transformations of the social structure of the society in recent decades: reduction of the middle class, who were in the 50-70's the mainstay of political stability, and there ousting from the political scene by the salariat; growth of the precariat and, specifically, of the number of migrants, a special sub-group in its composition; and formation of a qualitatively new generation of the financial and political elite. It is established that such a large-scale transformation of the social structure of society has resulted in the transformation of democratic institutions and the emergence of the political phenomenon of post-democracy; all of it has caused the crisis of transitology. By the mid-90's expert and scientific community worldwide was divided into two antagonistic groups: the first group up till present time refuses to recognize that the transit science needs a conceptual rethinking / the paradigm shift; others prove, that the transformation of political regimes does not necessarily must take place in the paradigm of democratic transit. The author suggests his own approach to the exit from the methodological impasse of transitology.
Key words: transitology, democratic transit, political regime, democratic institutions, transformation, social structure, salariat, precariat, foreign cultural migrants, elite, ideology, political discourse.
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
O.Yu. DUBROVINA PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of International Relations, the Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies, Novosibirsk, Russia
INFLUENCE OF FEDERALIZATION ON PROCESSES OF REGIONALIZATION AND ACTIVITY OF REGIONS OF FEDERAL STATES ON THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE
In the article the author examines the influence of federalization on the processes of regionalization and the activity of regions of federal states on the international scene. The problem is very relevant. Regionalization brings the regions of states to the world stage and these processes are superimposed on the processes of federalization and globalization, which affect each other. All this requires scientific understanding. Based on the relevance, the main goal of this work is to examine the influence of federalization on regionalization processes.
The task of this study is to review how regionalization and federalization affect the activity of regions of federative states on the international scene. In the process of research, the author used system methodology, that makes the object of research to appear as an integral, complex system of international regional relations and cooperation.
The following results were achieved: the principles of federalism are presented, the distinctive features of federations are shown, the classification of federal states is made, federalism and federation forms are shown, the division of powers and subjects of jurisdiction between the federation and its subjects is analyzed, including the sphere of international relations.
In the course of the research, the author came to the following conclusion: federalization has a great influence on the processes of regionalization and on the activity of regions of federal states on the international stage. They have a greater degree of freedom in international communication, but their international cooperation is carried out under the control of states and is governed by the division of the subjects of reference in the sphere of international relations by the constitutions of countries.
Key words: globalization, regionalization, federalization, federalism, regions of states, state, international relations, international cooperation.
L.O. MURADYAN The applicant of the Department of Political Analysis and Management of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL AND CULTURAL AUTONOMY IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA
The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal field of national and cultural autonomy in the Russian Federation, which creates conditions for the interaction of the state and society to protect the national interests of citizens and the development of the cultural identity of ethnic groups.
Key words: National and cultural autonomy of RF, National Politics, Civil society institution, Multinationality.
FOREIGN POLICY PROCESS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
A.A. KRUTKO candidate of political sciences, doctoral student of the Department of International Relations Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
STRATEGIC PRESENCE RUSSIA IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
The article is devoted to the substantiation of the thesis that a strategic presence is an instrument of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation. Strategic presence is considered as a complex of military, economic, humanitarian, information, scientific and educational and all other aspects of interstate relations, representing a single phenomenon. It is proved that the presence fulfills political functions, acting as a form of indirect strategic actions of states, which in their fundamental foreign policy documents (laws, concepts, strategies, foreign policy courses, landmark speeches of state leaders) clearly record their attitude towards the institution of foreign presence. A comparative analysis of the military presence of the United States and Russia abroad. It is argued that the goals of the American presence in the post-Soviet states are to ensure global leadership of the United States and to contain the integration initiatives of the Russian Federation. It is shown that the counteraction to the Eurasian integration, first of all, the opposition to the Big Eurasia project on the basis of the interface between the projects of the EAEC and the Economic belt of the Silk Road, political, economic, informational and other pressure on Russia is carried out through a system of various measures, presence near its borders. The regulatory and legal framework of the Russian military presence on the territory of Abkhazia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Transnistria, Syria, Tajikistan and South Ossetia has been studied. Particular attention is drawn to the fact that Russia's military presence is carried out not only on the basis of bilateral interstate agreements, but also within the framework of the Collective Security Treaty Organization. On the example of Russia's strategic presence in the Kyrgyz Republic, which includes military, information, economic, scientific, educational and humanitarian components, it is shown that its basis is the coincidence of the foreign policy guidelines of the two states. The conclusion on the conjugation of different types of Russian presence in the post-Soviet space is substantiated, which ensures its strategic character and is the most important condition for the implementation of the Eurasian integration project.
Key words: foreign policy, strategic presence, military, economic, information, humanitarian, scientific and educational presence.
N.E. ZHURBINA Candidate of Sciences (history), Chair of regional studies and economics of foreign countries, Department of international relations, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF IMMIGRATION FLOWS TO GERMANY IN 2016-2017
International migration flows, including those to Europe, were intensified in the 20th-21st centuries. That is a result of different reasons, namely a rapid increase in the population of developing countries, wars, revolutions and collapses of political regimes in the North Africa and Middle East, and human rights violations. All these factors caused changes in the structure and dynamics of migration flows: from labour to forced migration. The present article considers the structure and dynamics of migration flows in 2016-2017 to Germany as a country which became the most popular destination for international migrants in Europe, and defines its main migration problems.
Key words: immigration, integration, refugees, migration flows.
B.I. NEKRASOV post-graduate student at the Chair of theory and history of international relations, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Peoples ' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
KEY DIRECTIONS OF LATIN AMERICAN WEAPONS MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF CHALLENGES AND THREATS IN MILITARY AND POLITICAL SPHERES
In the article go out analysis of the main threats and security issues of Latin American countries in internal and foreign policy areas and also to the study of key trends impacting on the weapons market and its changes in the region. Attention is being given to investigation of the role and influence of these threats on the achieving of objectives, principles and tasks for Latin American countries’ foreign policy concepts in military and political spheres.
Key words: Latin America, concepts, weapons and military equipment, military budget, budget management, threats, military-industrial complex.