Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 10. Issue 4 (61), 2020.
CONTENTS
DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY
EXPERT INTERVIEW
REFLECTIONS ON READ
DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.001
R.A. MUKHAMEDOV Doctor of History, Professor, Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanova, Ulyanovsk, Russia
A.I. AKIMOVA Post-graduate student Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanova, Ulyanovsk, Russia
THE STATE OF LABOR DISCIPLINE AT THE BASIC ENTERPRISE OF ESTABLISHMENTS OF LABOR RESERVES – THE PLANT NAMED AFTER VOLODARSKY IN 1941-1945.
In modern realities, there is a constant increase in the degree of tension in relations between states, which at any moment can lead to an open armed conflict. The Russian Federation may also be drawn into this conflict, in connection with which it becomes especially relevant to study the accumulated experience base during the Great Patriotic War, when the economy was actually put on a military footing. In these conditions, it was important for the party structures to establish production of increased ammunition for the army, since the fate of the state depended on it. In the Ulyanovsk Territory, the supply of Red Army ammunition was the prerogative of the plant to them. Volodarsky. However, the task was complicated by the fact that a significant part of skilled workers was mobilized to the front, and in return they came from adolescents, pensioners, and also graduates of FZO schools and vocational schools. At the enterprise to them. Volodarsky significantly impeded the implementation of targets for the manufacture of military products pervasive violations of production discipline. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of labor discipline at the plant named after Volodarsky in 1941-1945 On the basis of archival sources and periodical press materials, the author has identified the main reasons for the deterioration in the level of production of working standards, as well as reviewed the measures taken by management to improve the situation. In conclusion, it was concluded that the company. Volodarsky successfully completed the task of providing the army with ammunition.
Key words: Ulyanovsk region, war, industry, factory, FZO school, vocational school, ammunition, production discipline.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.002
R.M. MAGOMEDOV Postgraduate, Daghestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
A.I. OMAROV Doctor of Historical Sciences, professor Head of the Department of History of Dagestan Daghestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
SOME FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARMS AND MILITARY AFFAIRS IN THE DAGESTAN TERRITORY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XVIII CENTURY
The article is devoted to the study of the development of weapons and military affairs of the territory of Dagestan in the first half of the XVIII century, one of the most saturated with military-political events in the history of Dagestan. The military-political claims of Iran, Turkey, relations with the Russian state contributed to the development of military affairs. Moreover, in historical literature, these military-political events in the territory of Dagestan are covered mainly from the foreign political and socio-economic point of view. The main objective of this study is an attempt to study the evolution of traditional military affairs and armaments of the peoples of Dagestan, especially the creation and functioning of the military system of mountain peoples, which has successfully established itself in major military-political conflicts.
Key words: Dagestan, armament, military affairs, Nadir-Shah, Peter I, production, artillery.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.003
R.A. MUKHAMEDOV Doctor of History, Professor, Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanova, Ulyanovsk, Russia
A.V. FILATOV Post-graduate student Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanova, Ulyanovsk, Russia
STATUS OF SCHOOL EDUCATION IN THE 1950S (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION)
In the article, the author considers, on the basis of archival data, information on the state of work and education of schools in the Ulyanovsk region for the academic period in the 1950s. The condition of school premises, their equipment with educational literature, visual aids, and the state of the level of education of students and teaching methods in schools of the Ulyanovsk region are also considered. Analyzing the educational and upbringing process in secondary schools on the territory of the Ulyanovsk region during the war period, the main problems that teachers, students and educational organizations as a whole had to deal with were characteristic of the whole country. However, the Ulyanovsk region had its own characteristics, for example, in terms of its national composition and the compact residence of native speakers. In these territories, a training system was organized in national languages, in the face of an acute shortage of teaching aids, visual aids and textbooks.
The authors of the article, exploring the problem of school education in schools, tried to determine the state of not only Russian schools in the city and region but also schools in national languages, where teaching was conducted in Tatar, Chuvash and Mordovian languages, but also the state of Russian schools where teachers spoke exclusively in Russian, and part of the students were not Russian schoolchildren. School and children's institutions tried to solve such problems as the lack of pedagogical personnel who would teach in schools, the inability of students to attend school constantly, and employment of the majority of the population, including children, in agricultural work. It is worth noting that work was carried out to identify shortcomings in the activities of educational organizations and assistance was provided for them.
Key words: The Great Patriotic War, education, teachers, school, general education, boarding schools, teaching and visual aids, Ulyanovsk region.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.004
N.S. ВOIKO Doctor of Science, Candidate of Science, Professor, Department of Law, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanova, Ulyanovsk, Russia
V.A. KUDIN PhD student, Department of History, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanova, Ulyanovsk, Russia
PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION FOR THE PREPARATION OF MILITARY RESERVES IN 1941-1945
In article features of patriotic education at the younger generation during very difficult period of Russia, namely from 1941 to 1945 are revealed. On the basis of the analysis of contemporary records results of the main areas of work of Society of assistance to defense, aviation and chemical construction (Osoaviakhim), the regional organization DOSAAF and in Komsomol and youth special forces offices of general military education (Всевобуча) of the Ulyanovsk region on preparation of military reserves in 1941-1945 are analysed. The Great Patriotic War became severe and heartrending experience for all Soviet people. The Ulyanovsk Komsomol reconstructed the activity on a military harmony, the priority directions of steel for it mobilization of youth in army, compulsory military education of Komsomol members, increase in labor activity of youth, strengthening of mass ideological and political work. Visible result was the fact that for the first four days of mobilization in the Ulyanovsk gorvoyenkomat 484 young people who showed willingness voluntarily to rise in ranks of the Red Army addressed. For the first months of war on the front about 11 thousand Komsomol members left. In total the honor and independence of the Homeland up in arms defended 268 thousand residents of Ulyanovsk from whom died, died of wounds and diseases, more than 125 thousand people were missing. In the statements Komsomol members and youth were eager to revenge fascist aggressors for violation of peaceful happy life. The youth swore to fight to the death for the sake of the Homeland. By September, 1941 in the organizations Osoaviakhim more than 35 thousand people studied military science. From the very first days Komsomol members and youth proved to be worthy defenders of the Homeland at the front. Veterans shared pleasures of the achievements in fights in letters which were sent to RK All-Union Leninist Young Communist League and primary organizations and also to Osoaviakhim.
Key words: History of the USSR, Great Patriotic War, Ulyanovsk region, Osoaviakhim, Vsevobuch, national militia, patriotism, education, Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.005
R.A. MUKHAMEDOV Doctor of History, Professor, Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanova, Ulyanovsk, Russia
А.Y. PICHUGIN Post-graduate student Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanova, Ulyanovsk, Russia
ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE SOBES SERVICE DURING THE WAR: PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
In the article, the author considers, on the basis of regional archival sources, analyzes the Social Security service (Social Security) during the years of World War II. namely, the existing problems and ways to solve them. The Great Patriotic War made its undeniable changes in the activities of the social security service (Social Security) in the country. The relevance of the question raised about the activities of the organs of Sobes has various aspects of both theoretical and practical significance. Today, it is unlikely that it will be true to argue that the social security system of Russia is developing into a system of social protection of the population. The current existing model of real social protection of the population, effectively operating as in foreign countries, is currently in constant reform. It is no coincidence that the most urgent task is to support socially vulnerable categories of citizens. The article analyzes the role of state bodies during the years of World War II on the social protection of a special group of the population. In the period under review, the role of the authorities has undoubtedly grown, to the previously patronized social support of the population such as old age, disability, loss of a breadwinner, temporary disability, etc., new problems introduced by the war were added. The war introduced key adjustments to the social security system. The state paid great attention to serving the family of people drafted into the ranks of the Red Army, which played a positive role in improving the moral climate in the country. Ideological principles were supported by material support and benefits of this category of citizens, not only during hostilities, but also in peacetime. The inclusion of the social security system in the general mobilization work of the country has largely prepared the work of the department in the conditions of military and social disasters.
Key words: social security services (Sobes), wartime, military personnel, housing problems, large families, benefits, re-evacuation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.006
A.P. MATVEEV Candidate of Law Sciences, the associate professor of public and private law of the Cheboksary branch Moscow humanitarianly-the economic university, Cheboksary, Russia
N.S. BOYKO Doctor of historical sciences, professor of department of the right of faculty of the right of economy and management, Ulyanovsk state pedagogical university of I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia
A.A. SEMYONOV Doctor of historical sciences, professor the head of the department of humanitarian disciplines Armavir mekhaniko-Institute of Technology (branch) in "The Kuban state technological university", Armavir, Russia
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN THE LAST YEARS IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGIONS
In article the ASSR process of introduction by the state of new models of management of the industry of construction materials in post-war years is considered by authors on the example of Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash. The relevance of work is caused, the fact that in modern conditions the political power as a priority task puts transition of the real sector of economy to innovative model of development. This process began in the 1990s when there was crash of political and economic system of the USSR, the paradigm as a basis of functioning of an economic mechanism and the country the successor – the Russian Federation was accepted market, was in process of search of effective model of social and economic development. For formation of new model of economy, its modernization and reset of a control system it is necessary to address historical measurement of modernization processes in the Soviet history, namely by the period when Russia was in process of search of effective model of social and economic development. The political power as a priority task puts transition of the real sector of economy to innovative model of development. In work the analysis of dynamics of the industry of building materials within the Mordovian, Mari and Chuvash autonomous administrative republican units of the country was carried out. During the research, authors systematized skilled base of party structures on implementation of transformational process of a control system by them by local industrial objects. Along with it, also key methods of activities of structures for development of the local industry of building materials were lit.
Key words: Soviet policy, economic system, market paradigm, USSR, models of social and economic development, political power, economy models, modernization, reset of a control system.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.007
M.V. SOBOLEV Ph.D. (historical sciences), Department of vocational training and socio-pedagogical disciplines of the Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V.Ya. Gorina, Belgorod, Russia
A.A. KRISANOV Ph.D. (philosophical sciences), Department of vocational training and socio-pedagogical disciplines of the Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V.Ya. Gorina, Belgorod, Russia
DISCUSSIONS ON THE PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING SELF-FINANCING, BRIGADE CONTRACTS AND RENTS IN AGRICULTURE OF THE USSR IN THE PERIODICAL 1987-1988
In the article, the authors set the task, based on the analysis of the periodical press, to identify the features of public discussion in the period 1987-1988 on the problem of accelerating the development of agriculture on the basis of brigade contracting, leasing and cost accounting. The authors conclude that the content of opinions at this stage was determined by the sharp contradiction between, firstly, the non-market economic system prevailing in the USSR and the “concept of accelerated development”, which had market features in many respects; secondly, the contradictory attitude of public opinion towards the established economic system and the elements of new market relations and values. It is shown that the public discussion revealed such a depth of problems that made inevitable the further increase in the critical nature of assessments of the state of the agrarian sector and the radicalization of the proposed ways out of the crisis.
Key words: perestroika policy, public opinion, periodicals, agricultural problems, brigade contract, rent, self-financing.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.008
T.T. DAVYDOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Dagestan State University of National Economy, Makhachkala, Russia
IMPORTANCE OF THE ARMENIAN COMMUNITY IN MATTERS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT OF THE DAGESTAN REGION
The modern cultural, ethnic and socio-economic appearance of the Republic of Dagestan was formed on the basis of the centuries-old heritage of the absorbed influence of various cultures and peoples. The development of the region was significantly influenced by the policy of the Russian Empire, for which the controlled and loyal North Caucasus was of strategic importance in ensuring security in case of conflicts with Persia and the Ottoman Empire. The key bet was made to ensure the loyalty of the local population, And because the royal officials feared that the indigenous people of Islam could, in the event of conflict, side with any Islamic State, Here, as in the Caucasus as a whole, on the line with the stimulation of migration to the region of any Orthodox population, Policies were implemented to establish territories with a compact population of indigenous communities that professed Orthodoxy. One of the natural results of such a policy by the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century was not only the formation of regions with a high proportion of Orthodox Armenian population in the Caucasus region, but also the strengthening of Armenian communities as a significant factor in the development of the region. The Dagestan region was no exception.
Key words: Dagestan region, Armenian community, system of self-government, Russian Empire, North Caucasus.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.009
K.B. SADYM Candidate of Historical Sciences, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Psychology and Pedagogic Department Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnodar, Russia
THE ACTIVITY OF THE UKRAINIAN VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS IN THE KUBAN IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 20TH CENTURY
The cultural and educational activities of the Ukrainians in the Kuban in the early 20th century are discussed in the present article. There had been some voluntary organizations of different ethnic groups as well as the Ukrainians in the region until the Bolsheviks came to power. The area of their interests was extended to the study of their mother tongue, customs and culture. Charity played an important role in their activities. The Ukrainian organizations had their unique features: they were related to the Ukrainian Revolutionists. The National Voluntary Organizations as an element of cosmopolitan Kuban made a certain impact on social-political and cultural life of the region. Forms of this type of activity were changing in the region after the establishment of the Soviet regime. Charities and National Societies were prohibited and the study of the mother tongue took place within the sections of Ethnic Minority Club. It was impossible to perform educational activities in their earlier forms of the ethnic minorities in the Kuban because of the national policy of the Soviet Union in the 1930s. The archival records form the funds of the Public Record Office of the Krasnodar Region and also the scientific works of Chumachenko V.K., the famous scientist and Ukrainianist are widely used in the article. On the basis of the research findings we can make a conclusion about the community works of the Ukrainian organizations in the Kuban and their contribution to the sociocultural life of the region.
Key words: Ukrainians, voluntary organizations, educational activities, charity, Ethnic Minority Club, public initiative, educator, community.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.010
N.I. KUGINA Postgraduate student of the subdepartment of philosophy, history, nation and right of the Far-East Institute of Management, Branch the Russian presidential academy of national economy and public administration, Khabarovsk, Russia
THE MEASURES OF STATE AUTHORITIES FOR SUPPLYING THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT IN KHABAROVSK KRAI BETWEEN 1990 AND 2011
The article deals with the problems of supplying the agricultural production equipment between 1990 and 2011. The solution of the problem is being analyzed through the prism of the relationship between the Federal and Regional authorities. The transformation of the agriculture, the revival of the peasantry, the creation of a hi-tech agricultural sector capable of providing food safety for Russia is possible only if its agricultural history will be studied from various aspects, including the issue of the agricultural production equipment.
On the basis of the documents introduced into scholarly discourse for the first time, the measures of the State authorities aimed at mitigating the problems encountered in the material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex were being considered.
According to the author, dramatically shift towards private-ownership relations in all spheres of the national economy including engineering, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the decreasing financing into the company specializing in agricultural engineering made the leadership of the country solve the issue of supplying the agricultural production equipment. On the example of the Khabarovsk Territory, it is considered how the State authorities sought to find a solution to these problems.
Key words: Khabarovsk Krai, engineering, agricultural production, State authorities, a tractor, a combine, a finance lease, an equipment.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.011
V.V. CHERKASHINA Postgraduate student, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
TRAINING OF OFFICIALS FOR THE STATE APPARATUS OF THE VOLGA REGION BY KAZAN IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY
Currently, according to Russian law, education is an integral part of citizens' rights (Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). Therefore, the importance of studying the level of "education" of civil servants – officials – in the Kazan province is determined by the need to study the prerequisites for the formation of an education system and identify the main trends in this process.The subject of this study is the study of individuals in the framework of their preparation for the state apparatus by Kazan Imperial University.Research methods include analysis of archival documents (speeches, reports and monographs of professors of Kazan Imperial University, the Charter of the University, the Charter of the Pedagogical Society, circular letters from the Ministry of Education, etc.). This made it possible to identify the university’s activities in training the staff of the state apparatus.
Key words: Kazan Imperial University, pedagogical activity, professorial staff, state apparatus, state Councilor, privy Councilor.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.012
V.А. POPOK Master of History, Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia
SOCIAL AND DOMESTIC SUPPORT OF THE TRUST "SURGUTGAZSTROY" WORKERS
The article deals with the process of formation of material support of the construction trust "Surgutgazstroy" in 1965-1992, problems in this area are identified. It is concluded that the trust throughout its activities had a low level of social welfare of employees which was the main factor of staff turnover.
Key words: social and domestic support of the trust "Surgutgazstroy" workers, history of formation of oil and gas enterprises, history of industrial construction.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.013
A.A. RUCHKIN Master's degree student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of History, Department of pre-19th century Russian history, Moscow, Russia
REVISITING THE ACTIVITY OF THE BISHOPRIC OF ROSTOV IN THE RUSSIAN NORTH IN THE END OF XIV AND THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE XV CENTURIES
The article is concerned with the activity of the Archibishops of Rostov in the Russian North in the end of XIV and the first quarter of the XV centuries. In the article the author analyzes the main areas of activity of the Archibishops of Rostov in terms of empowerment of the Bishopric of Rostov in the given period of time and against the background of the confrontation between Moscow and Novgorod. The Church diplomacy and its role in the conflict resolution are considered as well.
Key words: church history, Rostov, the Russian North, church and political struggle.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.014
Sh.S. SULEYMANOVA Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Department of Public Relations and media policies of the Faculty of Journalism IGSU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FORMATION OF POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
The article notes that with the advent of Internet space, a new technological means of transmitting information has arisen, which has significantly changed the information and communication environment. It is noted that the information revolution contributes to a constant change in the form and content of media products and media. The Internet also implements various political processes, including the struggle for power, thereby shaping the political environment. Political players use the resources of the Internet in the struggle for power, as the Internet provides opportunities and platforms for political advertising, propaganda and agitation.
Active participation in the formation of the political environment take social – the formation in the Internet space of various groups and communities. Such like-minded communities are formed for different interests, including political ones.
Key words: information, communication, Internet technologies, political environment, manipulations, politics, mass media.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.015
K.I. KOBLANDIN Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of Regional Studies Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyova, Nur-Sultan, Republic Kazakhstan
D.S. SAPARBEKOVA student of the faculty of journalism Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN THE FORMATION OF THE IMAGE OF A MODERN POLITICAL FIGURINE
This article is devoted to the role of media in shaping the image of modern political figures. The growing role of various non-state media, also the most powerful impact is visual perception i.e. TV. To conclude that the formation of the whole image requires a combination of personal, high-quality figures and the skillful work of his team of image makers.
Key words: media, image, political figure, leader.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.016
E.N. KARATUEVA Сandidate of political science, associate Professor of the Department of management of socio-political processes and history of the Saint Petersburg state agrarian University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
INFECTED SOCIETY AS A PHENOMENON OF THE XXI CENTURY
The world community has been concerned for many years about the threat of the third world war. Dangers were expected from various spheres of public life. The world war was called nuclear, informational, ideological, religious, etc. State forces provided national, food, environmental and other types of security.
The specificity of the current situation is that a new threat of a global nature has emerged. The entire world community is daily exposed not only to biological, but also to information and panic infection, which can only be resisted if all the forces of society are consolidated.
This article analyzes the impact of information on the state of society, the emergence of infoterrorism, "giving birth to fakie" and the study of human behavior in a state of prolonged stress associated with the unknown threat.
Key words: virus, epidemic, pandemic, endemic, information terrorist, panic, psycho-biological terrorist.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.017
М.F. МAGADIEV Candidate of Sciences (sociology), Associate Professor, Chair of public administration and national security of the Institute of law and national security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
LOW LIVING STANDARDS IN RURAL AREAS AS A THREAT TO THE SUSTAINABLE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article analyzes the low standard of living of the population of rural territories as a threat to the sustainable development of the Russian Federation. Its main purpose is to substantiate the impact of the standard of living of the population of rural territories on the stability of spatial development of the Russian Federation. The authors formulate key contradictions in the decisions taken at the federal level, identify the reasons for the low standard of living of the population of rural territories, and offer solutions aimed to reduce the negative impact of this phenomenon on the sustainable development of the Russian Federation.
Key words: living standards of the population, rural territories, sustainable spatial development, unemployment, poverty, agro-industrial complex.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.018
А.А. АMIANTOV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor, Chair of state and municipal administration, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
А.V. GRACHEV-VORONTSOV Consultant of the Department of organizational support of the State Duma meetings of the Department of organizational support of the legislative process of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, lawyer, Moscow, Russia
MODELS OF INTER-PARLIAMENTARY COOPERATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE CIS ASSEMBLY AND THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
The article, based on regulatory documents of organizations, analyzes the models of inter-parliamentary cooperation within the framework of the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of the CIS and PACE. Based on the identified similarities and differences between these models, the authors comes to the conclusion that the PACE is much higher institutionalized, resulting in a more flexible mechanism for the functioning of this organization and high efficiency of its work.
Key words: Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of the CIS, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, inter-parliamentary cooperation, legal personality, normative acts, legislation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.019
N.P. PARKHITKO PhD in History, Associate Professor, Theory and History of Journalism Department, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
A.I. PENZINA Graduate Student of the Philological Faculty, Theory and History of Journalism Department, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
SCIENCE PROMOTION IN RUSSIA: CHARACTERISTICS AND GENRE FEATURES
The fact that science has changed and keeps changing the existence of people is obvious for modern society. Science saves lives, fights hunger, deadly diseases, frees millions from the shackles of ignorance, prejudice. A scientific approach to understanding the reality surrounding us and our place in it on the basis of experimental evidence opens up endless horizons for research. Nevertheless, today – in the age of high technology and access to knowledge of the whole world – few people understand what science is, and some are even afraid of it. For non-specialists, statements by scientists may sound hazy. Entrepreneurs can use ignorance and misunderstanding of scientific processes and terms to the detriment of spreading pseudoscientific and pseudoscientific articles among the mass audience. In the framework of this small study, the authors will consider the main trends characteristic of the genre specifics of popular science journalism in Russia.
Key words: scientific journalism, science, history, literature, media.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.020
A.V. ZAIGRAEVA PhD student of the Russian academy of national economy and public administration, specialist-expert of the Chairman’s office of Executive Committee – Executive Secretary of CIS, Moscow, Russia
THE CIS: MAIN ASPECTS OF THE ACTIVITY 1991-2019
The Commonwealth of Independent States has appeared in a difficult, but at the same time significant period of Russian history. Were there any prerequisites for creating such an integration Association? The collapse of the USSR played a key role in this issue. The participation of the countries of the CIS is dictated by the desire for mutually beneficial and effective cooperation, in conditions of independence of each participating country and with respect for their interests. In the article the author emphasizes the uniqueness of the CIS as a regional interstate organization. One of the distinctive features of the work of the Commonwealth is the ability to take into account the peculiarities of the multi-level and multi-speed development of the CIS countries and allowance to have the degree of involvement that they consider most acceptable for themselves and that most correlates with their national interests. The author examines the activities of the Commonwealth and introduces the most important and necessary for understanding processes, by which can be concluded that no such Association, neither the EU, nor SCO, nor BRICS, has such mechanisms of work and such a wide range of issues that are discussed within the CIS in various areas. Of course, there are also problematic areas that are related to the policies implemented in the participating countries, the degree of interest and involvement, as well as their national and cultural characteristics. However, the approaches and principles that have been developed during the Commonwealth's existence help resolve the most important issues related to economic development, humanitarian cooperation and many others, which means that we can assert about the effectiveness of the CIS in a positive way.
Key words: Commonwealth of Independent States, post-soviet space, integration, Concept of further development of CIS, Executive Committee of CIS.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.021
V.S. IVANENKO Graduate student departments of state and municipal management Russian presidential Academy of national economy and public administration (RANEPA North-Western Institute of management), St. Petersburg, Russia
NATIONAL IDENTITY OF YOUTH AS A FACTOR OF STATE POLICY IN MODERN RUSSIA
National identity implies the relationship between the identity of citizens of a state and its historical and cultural traditions, moral values, ideals, beliefs, national sovereignty, and so on. It manifests itself through the way individuals or groups identify themselves as belonging to the state as a political community. In this regard, the purpose of this article was to clarify the role and place of national identity in the formation and implementation of youth policy. Thus, the author notes that it has long been recognized that the identification of a person with a nation begins to occur gradually, taking root in childhood and later in adolescence. The experience of adolescence is usually taken as the basis on which the formation of self-identification is based, and national identity is considered by many as the key basis of modern identity. It is concluded that the development of the paradigm of constitutional patriotism, which offers reasonable alternative means to counteract the harmful tendencies of new nationalism in various subjects of the Russian Federation, becomes an urgent task for Russian youth in General.
Key words: identity, national identity, nation, state, politics, public policy, youth, youth policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.022
A.V. DURASOV PhD student of the Department of Political Science and Political management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE ELECTORAL PROCESS
The article deals with the use of digital technologies in the global political process. Theses about the need for the evolutionary movement of the modern electoral process are presented. The most significant problems of the electoral process in the conditions of global digitalization and its implementation in a variety of human activities are revealed. The features of functioning and practical realization of blockchain technologies are considered. The scheme of implementation of the electoral process through the use of blockchain technology. The chronological stages of blockchain development and its protocols, as well as their theoretical and practical application in political activity, including the electoral process, are briefly described. Practical examples of the use of digital technologies, especially blockchain in the electoral processes of France, Japan, Switzerland, Sierra Leone and others are given. The definition of blockchain in relation to political science and political process is given. Demonstrates the need for proper attention to the development of blockchain-related platforms and digital technology of today.
Key words: e-elections, e-government services, IT, blockchain, digitization, global information space.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.023
T.S. SMIRNOVA Graduate student of the department of political science and law, Moscow Region State University, Mytishchi, Russia
NATIONALIZATION AS A STRATEGIC RESOURCE OF THE STATE
The article considers the process of nationalization as a means of solving problems facing the state. The analysis of nationalization as a means of economic restructuring is given, since even in developed countries the initial period of technological restructuring is complicated by high risks of investments in new industries. Attention is drawn to the fact that the process of nationalization can act as a means of improving the investment climate. In conditions of unprepared to invest in the structural changes of private business, state-owned corporations appear to be a means of ensuring such investments without a sharp increase in income inequality. Also, the process of nationalization is presented as a means of accelerating the exit of the economy from the crisis. The use of economic resources by the state is very important in unforeseen circumstances. When it is necessary to quickly respond to changes in the socio-economic sphere, state ownership is of great importance.e article discusses the process of nationalization as a means of solving problems facing the state. The analysis of nationalization as a means of economic restructuring is given. Attention is drawn to the fact that the process of nationalization can act as a means of improving the investment climate and accelerating the recovery of the economy from the crisis.
Key words: nationalization, privatization, socio-economic development, economic restructuring, investment climate.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.024
V.O. TRAPEZNIKOV Post-graduate student of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
MECHANISM FOR IMPLEMENTING GROUP INTERESTS THROUGH ЕXECUTIVE POWER STRUCTURES IN THE UNITED STATES
Interest groups play a significant role in democratic political systems and political processes. They provide citizens with the opportunity to participate in the political system and often initiate the political process by setting out their requirements for senior officials. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to identify the mechanism of interaction of interest groups with Executive authorities in the United States. The objectives of the study were to determine the specifics of the implementation of group interests, the role and place of their implementation with the participation of Executive power structures in the United States. The empirical basis of the study was the work of Western political scientists and publications of the us periodical press. The paper defines that Executive power structures in the United States are not only an independent object of action of interest groups, but also act as specific interest groups themselves. At the Federal level, government agencies, such as ministries and departments, lobby on their behalf to provide funding or prioritize certain issues; at the regional level, for example, public universities lobby state governments for funding or legislation that will benefit them; at the local level, school boards can lobby the local government to achieve their goals. It is concluded that the mechanism for implementing group interests through Executive power structures in the United States has a certain specificity that distinguishes it from lobbying in legislative bodies and consists in their interaction after the adoption of a regulatory act or during the implementation of a state program. At the same time, Executive power structures act as both an object and a subject of lobbying for certain interests using both internal and external lobbying.
Key words: politics, interest, interest groups, pressure groups, Executive power, lobbying, mechanism, public policy.
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.025
N.YA. BIBAKOVA Сandidate of historical Sciences, associate Professor of the Department of philosophy and history, Ufa state aviation University technical University, Ufa, Russia
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WESTERN VALUES IN A COURSE IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
The author notes that the main defense against information weapons is primarily the truth, which exposes the true goals and objectives of Western politics over many centuries of political rivalry. The influence of the policy of aggressive, forcible imposition of Western values has always been called upon to play a leading role in influencing the minds of Russians through the media by distorting the facts and refusing an objective political analysis of world problems. The hypertrophic protrusion of the uniqueness of Western culture, Western humanism, Western virtues as opposed to the "barbaric", "backward" culture of Russian civilization has always been widely used in information wars, and today it has become commonplace for politicians and political scientists of Western countries. The author of the article presents his deep critical analysis of the events taking place in the political sphere.
According to the author of the article, one of the priority tasks of Russian political science is to inform the youth and the entire population of Russia of an objective political analysis of the past and present events taking into account the specifics of the modern political process.
Key words: information war, Western values, Christianity, democracy, Western civilization, liberalism.
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.026
E.V. ERMAKOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of French Language, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
NATIONAL LANGUAGE AS A SOURCE OF INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS AND AS AN INSTRUMENT OF THEIR SETTLEMENT (BY THE EXAMPLE OF MULTINATIONAL BELGIUM)
Language differences at all times have become the cause of serious conflicts between peoples with different cultural and linguistic roots. For centuries, multilingual Europe has been confronted with the challenges specific to multicultural societies. Belgium in this context can serve as an example of attempts to implement within one state a policy of reconciliation of peoples, which not only have different cultural, social and political traditions, but also speak different languages. The history of the coexistence of Belgian linguistic communities – Flemish, French and German-speaking – explains the peculiarities of the development of this state in the very center of Europe, which reflected in a mirror all the transnational problems of modern Europe. From the first day of its formation as an independent state in 1830, Belgium was faced with an urgent need to develop a political mechanism for resolving internal ethnic conflicts, aimed at providing national communities with the broadest autonomy within the framework of a federal state. And language support began to be perceived as the only possible factor for stabilizing society.
Key words: Belgium, Wallonia, Flanders, reform of the constitution of Belgium, Belgian regions, language communities.
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.027
Zh.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor, ISAA Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
LABOR MIGRANTS FROM CENTRAL ASIA TO RUSSIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF A NEW CRISIS: SARS-COV-2
The article discusses the main stages of labor migration from Central Asian countries to the Russian Federation, highlights the main causes of migration, highlights the most attractive regions of the Russian Federation for migrants. Attention is drawn to the situation of migrants in connection with the aggravation of the economic situation leading to the lack of work, and therefore with the possibility of life support for each migrant with the appearance of the coronavirus epidemic. The analysis of the situation on the Russian national labor market and its impact on the demand for migrants is carried out. It is emphasized that only the adoption of non-deferred measures can help to overcome this crisis.
Key words: labor migrants, Central Asia, Russia, crisis, epidemic.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.028
ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, ISAA Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
SH.D. KHUBONSHOEV Translator ISAA Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
TAJIKISTAN IN THE PROJECT "ONE BELT, ONE WAY": THE PROS AND CONS
This article examines the role and place of the Republic of Tajikistan in the formation and development of one of the large-scale modern projects "one belt, one road". It is noted that one of the main goals of the Republic is to create modern communications linking Tajikistan with China. The volume and main directions of Chinese investment in various sectors of the economy of Tajikistan are analyzed, and a number of problems that need to be solved in the near future are highlighted.
Key words: Central Asia, Tajikistan, China, the "One belt, one road", of communication.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.029
А.М. NURZHAEVA Master of Arts, seeking Doctoral Degree at the Chair of Chinese studies, Faculty of Oriental Studies, Kazakh National University named after Al-Farabi, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
N.А. АLDABEK Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor, Chair of Chinese studies, Faculty of Oriental Studies, Kazakh National University named after Al-Farabi, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE THEORY OF FORMATION OF CHINESE IDENTITY
This article discusses the conceptual foundations of the theory of formation of Chinese identity, which serves as a tool uniting the peoples of China. Among the main sources of the theoretical basis of the unity of the Chinese nation are the ideas of Marx and Engels, Lenin, Mao Zedong and other leaders of the CPC.
Key words: China, nationalism, national identity, XI Jinping, Marxism, CPC, national theory, national relations, national politics, Chinese nation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.030
V.P. NAZAROV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), working for the doctoral degree at the Chair of political theory, Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Foreign Ministry of RF, Moscow, Russia
STRATEGIC PLANNING IN THE POLITICS OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF RUSSIA
The article attempts to analyze the place and role of the institute of strategic planning in state policy in the field of national security of the Russian Federation. The main place is given to identifying the system and structural components of strategic planning as a key element of state policy that defines long-term goals, objectives, directions, forms, means of protecting national interests and ensuring national security of the country. The analysis of the main documents that make up the regulatory framework of strategic planning in this area is given. The close relationship between strategic planning and the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation is shown.
Key words: Russian Federation, constitution, state, politics, strategic planning, national interest, national security, national security strategy, threat.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.031
T.G. HUGAEV Ph.D. Student, Diplomatic Academy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
THE UNKNOWN ASPECTS OF THE EU POLICY IN SOUTH CAUCASUS
The rich humanistic heritage of the great European creators of past centuries against the backdrop of a hostile policy of non-recognition of South Ossetia, economic projects carried out in South Ossetia against the background of ignoring the important arguments in favor of recognizing South Ossetia’s independence create a contradictory attitude in South Ossetia towards eastern EU politics.
Key words: South Caucasus, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Russia, Georgia, EU.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.032
WU TING Postgraduate student of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia; Teacher of Northwest Normal University, China
PROBLEMS OF FUNCTIONING OF THE MECHANISM OF COOPERATION OF CHINA WITH PARTNERS WITHIN THE PROJECT "ONE BELT, ONE WAY"
Since the official launch of the “One Belt, One Way” project, the political leadership of China has embarked on expanding cooperation with the participating states. This contributed to the growth of positive dynamics in the framework of interaction between the PRC and its partners. However, at the same time, a number of shortcomings were revealed that were inherent in the previously developed system of cooperation between China and other states involved in the One Belt, One Way initiative. The article presents an analysis of the problems inherent in the mechanism of cooperation between China and partners in the framework of the “One Belt, One Way” initiative. The author comes to the conclusion that there is a need for the widespread introduction of indicative planning elements, the creation of subprojects related to the development of cooperation between individual participating states, integration of the initiative with the EAEU and SAARC infrastructure programs, limiting the effect of the consensus principle of decision making, increasing the number of secretariat staff and expanding the regulation of its interaction with national focal points.
Key words: One Belt, One Way project, external cooperation mechanism, joint development, China, problems.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.033
Е.P. SHMYREVA Student, North-West Institute of Management, Presidential Academy of State Service, St. Petersburg, Russia
HYDROCARBON FACTOR IN SECURITY OF MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES
The extraction of hydrocarbons has always been of great importance for political and economic security in the Middle East. The paper considers the influence of oil and gas on the processes currently taking place in the Middle East region. Special attention is paid to individual OPEC member countries. The author analyzes interests of extra-regional actors influencing the resource development in the Middle East.
Key words: Middle East, international relations, economy, hydrocarbons, oil, gas, OPEC.
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.034
E.P. MAKAROV Ph.D., senior lecturer of the department Sociology, Political Science and History of the Fatherland, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia
O.B. VOLOSHINA Ph.D., associate Professor of the department Sociology, Political Science and History of the Fatherland, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia
US EDUCATIONAL POLICY AND ISSUES OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF SCHOOLING IN THE PERIOD 2009-2019
The article explores the modern view of the scientific community on the problem of improving the system of american school education. The analysis of scientific discussions on the quality of teaching in american schools, which are at the center of the political agenda in the USA, is carried out. A separate subject of study is the components of federal initiatives in the field of improving school education, such as the introduction of Common core state standards and the Data quality campaign. Disputes regarding improving the quality of schooling are in line with the political, economic and cultural realities of American society, which determine the state approach to the criteria for assessing student knowledge and teacher training. As an important subject of discussion, the problem of differences in the quality of education and teaching when comparing educational institutions of different states and regions, large and small cities of the USA is noted.
Key words: USA, educational policy, ministry of education, school education, learning process, Common core state standards, Data quality campaign.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.035
E.V. MOROZOV Cand. east., associate Professor, Novgorod state University, Veliky Novgorod, Russia
EXPEDITION of J.-B. MARCHAND: PROLOGUE of the ANGLO-FRENCH CLASH IN FASHODA (1896-1898)
The article, written on the basis of a wide range of sources and literature, is devoted to the history of the Fashoda crisis of 1898 – the organization and progress of the French mission of J.-B. Marchand to Sudan. The policies pursued by Britain, France, and Russia in Northeast Africa undoubtedly had a strong influence on the regrouping of military-political blocs. Thus, the colonial factor can be considered as part of the problem of the evolution of the international relations of the great powers in Europe. The most significant place in the history of colonial politics was occupied by the Anglo-French rivalry for North-East Africa. The desire to quickly subjugate Sudan was the cause of both the formation of France's Anti-British colonial coalition, and the intensification of British action in this region after the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1895–1896. During the Fashoda crisis, the French government, left alone, did not seek help from its Russian ally, as it was not interested in a war with Britain over Sudan. France only sought to convene an international conference on the Egyptian issue, and from the beginning of the negotiations took a defensive position. The crisis of 1898 was the last confrontation between Great Britain and France, the settlement of which was the first step towards the creation of the Entente.
Key words: international relations, Africa, Great Britain, France, Fashoda crisis.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.036
NATIA MESKIYA Postgraduate student at the Chair of theory and history of international relations, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
REGIONAL DIMENSION OF GEORGIA'S FOREIGN POLICY IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE
This article contains an analysis of the directions of Georgia's foreign policy with the post-Soviet countries. The article discusses in detail the prospects of Georgia's relations with the countries of the former Soviet Union. The article presents a study of the evolution of Georgia's foreign policy in the post-Soviet space, an analysis of its strengths and vulnerabilities, an understanding of the factors that determine its national interests and foreign policy objectives, as well as a study of practical steps to implement them. Based on the analysis of the national legislation of Georgia and the countries under consideration-participants of the former USSR, special attention was paid to the establishment of contractual relations and their measurement.
Key words: foreign policy, Georgian-Russian relations, Georgian-Azerbaijani relations, Georgian-Armenian relations, Georgian-Ukrainian relations.
EXPERT INTERVIEW
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.037
А.D. NAZAROV Professor, Doctor of Sciences (history), Deputy Head of the Chair of advertising and public relations, Institute of foreign languages of the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (MAI), Moscow, Russia
“IT'S LIKE SPACE EXPLORATION,” THIS IS HOW SENATOR AKIMOV ASSESSES THE STRATEGY FOR THE LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARCTIC
The set of strategic measures announced by Russian President Vladimir Putin in his Address to the Federal Assembly on January 15, 2020, provides for improving social policy, including the development of the education system, which is especially important for the Arctic territories of Russia, where a new stage of economic and socio-cultural development is unfolding, the scale of which is increasingly being compared with the development of the outer space. Such ambitious tasks require serious consolidation of the efforts of federal and regional authorities, the expert community, practitioners, politicians, and journalists. “The basis of Russia's state policy in the Arctic for the period up to 2035,” recently developed with the participation of interested state bodies, experts and specialists united in the Council for the Arctic and Antarctic under the Federation Council of the Russian Federation, has become a document of high mobilizing power in this area. Rightly believing that it is more important than ever to use human capital and creative abilities of people armed with modern knowledge to solve problems of this scale, the Council devoted one of its first meetings to the modernization of the education system in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. It was held under the leadership of Senator, member of the Federation Council, Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council Committee, Chairman of the Council for the Arctic and Antarctic under the Federation Council, Doctor of Economics, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A. K. Akimov, who gave a detailed interview to Prof. Nazarov, familiar with the problems of life in the regions of the Far North and the Arctic.
Key words: the Russian Arctic, national security, the foundations of Russian state policy in the Arctic, features of the education system in the Arctic zone, nomadic schools, the native habitat and traditional way of life of indigenous peoples.
REFLECTIONS ON READ
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.038
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of sciences (political sciences), Professor, deputy Minister of Russia for Cooperation with CIS States (1994-1995), Moscow, Russia
AFTERWORD TO ARTICLE ZAGRAEVA A.V. " THE CIS: MAIN ASPECTS OF THE ACTIVITY 1991-2019"
The review article analyzes the main problems of the development of the CIS. Assessing the author's contribution Zaigraeva A.V. In the study of this urgent scientific problem, the main difficulties of the modern model of cooperation of the former republics of the USSR are emphasized.
Key words: collapse of the USSR, Russian Federation, Commonwealth of Independent States, post-Soviet space, reintegration, strategy for the functioning and development of the CIS.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.61.4.039
D.Е. SLIZOVSKIY Doctor of sciences (history), Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
DISCUSSION REFLECTIONS ON ARTICLE N.P. PARKHITKO AND A.I. PENZINA "SCIENCE PROMOTION IN RUSSIA: CHARACTERISTICS AND GENRE FEATURES"
The review article analyzes the research of N.P. Parkhitko and A.I. Penzina “The popularization of science in Russia. Characteristic. Genre features. " Topical issues of the development of Russian science are revealed.
Key words: Russian science, image of science, scientific achievements, knowledge translation, popularization of science, media space.