№ 5 (74), 2021

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 11. Issue 5 (74), 2021.

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Yashkova T.A., Kabytkina I.B. The Role of the Personality of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky on the Formation of Value Orientations of the Younger Generation
Ryabova T.I. About the Tragic end of the Reign of Alexander II and New Horizons of Russia's Development (Based on the Diary of N.I. Pirogov)
Shaldunova T.N. Stereotypes in History. Was Emperor Paul I a Romantic or a Pragmatist?
Shavlaeva T.M. Self-Designation of Chechens in the Light of New Research (Based on Field Materials)
Berkutov A.S. Ensuring Public Safety in the USSR in the Post-War Period (1945-1960 Years)
Sukiasyan A.A. The USSR Investment Policy in the 1960s-1980s: Institutionalization, Ideology, Historical Experience
Оgorodnikova O.A. “Oedipus Rex” by Max Reinhardt in Russia
Ushmaeva K.A., Goncharov A.S., Privalov A.A. Stereotypes about Cossack Atamans and their Idealization in Soviet Films
Bredikhin A.V. Frontier Factors of Identity Formation (on the Example of the Don Cossacks)
Rogatko S.A. Moscow Food Market and City Food Processing in the Second Half of the 19th Century
Blinov V.V. Soviet Governance Model as the Firm of Ideocracy in the XX Century
Iliasov L.M. On the Problem of Analogies of Medieval Petroglyphs of Chechnya
Poletaeva Yu.G. The Concept of Technology in the Substantialist Model of Historical Expediency
Li Zhongbao. Researches about Sh.Sh. Walikhanov in China

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Boltenkova L.F. The Bible as a Source of Law (Part Eight)
Somov A.A. The Idea of the "True Sovereign" in Russian Pre-Revolutionary Historiography
Menshikova E.O. Modern Approaches to the Political Leadership Studies in the Russian Political Science

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Artamonova Ya.S., Fridman M.F. Educational Potential of Strategic Development of Personnel Support of the Sixth Technological Order
Filimonov D.A., Gaganova E.V., Kirka A.V. Formation of the Russian National and State Identity in the Process of Implementing Youth Policy
Nadtoka R.V. Development of an Open Multi-Factor Model for Scientific and Practical Estimation, Forecasting and Monitoring of Ethno-Political Tension
Nassasra Yousef D.A. Relations of Palestine with Egypt in the Context of Political Transformations
Basov O.N. Instruments of Elite Struggle for Political Power in the Modern United States
Koval K.S. Women's Issue in Russia at a Boundary of the 19-20th Centuries: Social, Legal and Psychological Aspects

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Popov S.I., Demina D.V. Political Governance in the Context of the Transformation of Modern Society
Burduli V.E. Irections for Improving Regional Social Policy (on the Example of the Smolensk Region)

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Alikberov E.Sh., Alikberova A.R., Letyaev V.A. The Geopolitical Balance of Power in the Indian Ocean in Historical Retrospect
Gekht A.B., Komissarova T.S., Ovchinnikova E.G., Ivanova A.M. Background to the Formation of the European Space Agency (ESA) in the Late 1950s – Early 1970s
Baranova N.S., Dmitrieva V.D. The History of the International Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime
Martynenko S.E. The Ideology of Eurasianism in the Foreign Policy of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Countries: A Comparative Analysis
Shangaraev R.N., Manovitskaya V.A. Arab Spring Phenomenon – 10 Years Later
Rozenberg V.I. The Problems of the Effective use of United Nations Security Council in the Settlement of the Syrian Politico-Military Conflict
Kudashev R.Sh. Institutional Structure of the Eurasian Economic Union
Tcoi S.V. Prospects for the Unification of the North Korea and Republic of Korea in the Context of Modern Globalization Processes
Yan Minjia. Russian Translations of Persian Historical Writings in Post-WWII USSR (the Cases of Siyasat-Nama, Qabus-Nama and Tarikh-I Mas‘Udi)

STUDENT SCIENCE

Soroka A.Yu. Evolution of Modern Migration Policy in Italy
Vishnyakova I.A. Everyday Life of Iranian Islamic Opposition Acting in Syria and Lebanon in the 1970s. (Lifestyle and Emotional Aspects)

REFLECTIONS ON THE READ

Medvedev N.P. To the Question about Lobbying Activities

Our authors № 5-2021

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.001

T.A. YASHKOVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Professor at the Department of Sociology and Philosophy Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

I.B. KABYTKINA Associate Professor, Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of General Education Disciplines, Russian state university of justice, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE PERSONALITY OF THE HOLY PRINCE ALEXANDER NEVSKY ON THE FORMATION OF VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF THE YOUNGER GENERATION

This article is dedicated to the role and activities of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky. The authors study the problem of the historical heritage of the memory of the prince in the retrospect of the Russian nationhood. The article actualizes the role of the personality of Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky in the formation of value orientations for modern young people. The authors suggest possible solutions in the upbringing of the younger generation, referring to the image of the Grand Duke.

Key words: Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky, orthodoxy, nationhood, national identity, patriotism, upbringing.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.002

T.I. RYABOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Philosophy, History and Sociology, of the Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology, Bryansk, Russia

ABOUT THE TRAGIC END OF THE REIGN OF ALEXANDER II AND NEW HORIZONS OF RUSSIA'S DEVELOPMENT (BASED ON THE DIARY OF N.I. PIROGOV)

The article analyzes the diary of the great scientist as a historical source. It allows us to reconstruct the era of the great reforms of the XIX century through the author's perception, to understand the inner meaning of the death of the monarch, the logic of the behavior of the authorities, the character of the consciousness of Russian society and the sources of destructive ideas of violence and terror. The author draws a conclusion about the cognitive value of the diary of N.I. Pirogov in understanding the historical way of Russia and the danger of confrontation between society and power.

Key words: worldview, young generation, socialist doctrine, destructive tendencies, national consciousness, peasantry, national consciousness, autocracy, public representation, antagonism of society and power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.003

Т.N. SHALDUNOVA Candidate of Sciences (history), Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University, Balashikha, Russia

STEREOTYPES IN HISTORY. WAS EMPEROR PAUL I A ROMANTIC OR A PRAGMATIST?

The paper attempts to analyze the stereotypical perception of the Russian Emperor Paul I, for whom the characteristic of an unbalanced, eccentric person is firmly fixed in historiography. The author seeks to show that all the actions of the emperor were dictated by absolutely sober calculation and expressed primarily the interests of strengthening the position of the Russian Empire.

Key words: Stereotypes in history, Paul I, Napoleon Bonaparte, anti-French coalition, anti-French coalition.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.004

T.M. SHAVLAEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia

SELF-DESIGNATION OF CHECHENS IN THE LIGHT OF NEW RESEARCH (BASED ON FIELD MATERIALS)

The article deals with the lexemes nakh, nakhcha, as well as the suffix-ch, which are directly related to the self-designation of the Chechen people nakhchiy/nokhchiy. It is shown that in the light of new field data, the semantic field of lexical units and the details of these units is significantly expanded, since they are related not only to the social life and activities of the people, but also directly related to the natural and economic spheres. The connection with these spheres dramatically deepens our understanding of the lexeme nah, which makes an important addition to the etymology of the word. It is emphasized that the suffix-ch, which is involved in the formation of the ethnonym nakhchiy/nokhchiy, is not a suffix of a person. It indicates the process by which a new quality is generated from the underlying resource. The processes of formation of new qualities can occur without human participation. For the formation of the Nakhchiy/Nokhchiy people, there was a powerful basic resource from the Nakh tribes.

Key words: nah, nakhcha, suffix-ch, resource, nakhchiy/nokhchiy, falsification of history.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.005

А.S. BERKUTOV Candidate of Sciences (history), Colonel, Head of Department-Deputy Head of the 4th Scientific Department (Military-Historical) of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific Center for Strategic Studies of the Federal Service of the National Guard of the Russian Federation,” Moscow, Russia

ENSURING PUBLIC SAFETY IN THE USSR IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD (1945-1960 YEARS)

The article considers the main elements of the system of ensuring public security in the USSR in the post-war years.

Key words: public security, protection of public order, law enforcement agencies, Ministry of Internal Affairs, police.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.006

A.A. SUKIASYAN PhD (Economy), associate professor, Bashkir State University, Faculty of Economics, Ufa, Russia

THE USSR INVESTMENT POLICY IN THE 1960S-1980S: INSTITUTIONALIZATION, IDEOLOGY, HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE

The paper examines the genesis of the investment policy of the USSR in the 1960-1980s, the institutionalization of financial and economic cooperation with the countries of the socialist camp (CMEA) and capitalist states (USA, Canada, Japan, European countries). The author shows the specifics of the Soviet investment policy, its ideological content, economic goals and directions, analyzes the historical experience of implementation. The process of establishing business relations with Western international banks, the opening of their first representative offices in the USSR is investigated. The article analyzes the impact of investment cooperation with Western countries as a factor in obtaining additional financial resources for the development of the Soviet economy in the 1960s-1980s. The author concludes that the cooperation of the Soviet financial institutions with Western banks and corporations has become one of the significant factors in the approval of the ideas of economic liberalism in society and party-economic circles and understanding of the need for radical economic reforms with the task of integrating the USSR/Russia into the global world economic space.

Key words: investment policy of the USSR in the 1960s-1980s, socialist countries, CMEA, developing countries, Vneshtorgbank, Chose Manhattan Bank, liberal economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.007

О.А. ОGORODNIKOVA Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor of the all University Department of General and Russian History of the Institute of Humanities, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

“OEDIPUS REX” BY MAX REINHARDT IN RUSSIA

The article is devoted to one of the most important events in the history of Russian-German cultural relations at the beginning of the XX century – the tour of the Berlin German Theater under the direction of M. Reinhardt in Russia, which took place in 1911 and 1912.

The authors analyze the perception of “Oedipus Rex,” a tragedy by Sophocles, an ancient classic in the director’s interpretation, by Russian public, the theater community and critics. They reveal the significance of the innovative production and the influence of Reinhardt's “creative method” on the artistic improvement of the Russian stage art.

The authors present professional and friendly contacts of the director with the prominent figures of Russian culture as convincing examples of international interaction and cooperation.

In the final conclusions of the article, the importance of the German artist's touring activities and his contribution to the development of the dialogue between the cultures of Russia and Germany at the beginning of the XX century is emphasized.

Key words: dialogue of cultures, German drama theater, tour, Max Reinhardt, tragedy “Oedipus Rex” by Sophocles, theatrical production.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.008

K.A. USHMAEVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, professor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

A.S. GONCHAROV Bachelor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

A.A. PRIVALOV Bachelor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

STEREOTYPES ABOUT COSSACK ATAMANS AND THEIR IDEALIZATION IN SOVIET FILMS

This article is devoted to the study of socio-historical stereotypes about famous Cossack chieftains. Taking Soviet cinematography as a basis, we strive to show stereotypes about Cossack chieftains, created with the help of vivid images necessary for a visual representation of the Cossack in the historical and sociological sense. The first wave of films on the Cossack theme, released in the middle of the 20th century, met with misunderstanding. The image of the Cossack in the films presented was conveyed in its natural form. A lot of contradictions did not allow transferring the inherent image to a wide segment of the population. We see that already the second wave of films of the 1970-1980s. aroused the interest of the Soviet audience. Each film contained many social stereotypes about Cossack history and culture. Nevertheless, the Communist Party, journalists and writers from among the party, positively assessed all films on the Cossack theme during this period. There were no art critics who could find flaws in these films. The main question is how exactly socio-historical stereotypes contributed to the growth of interest in the Cossacks and Cossack culture?

Key words: historical stereotype, motive, idealization, social action, actor, documentary film, mass media.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.009

A.V. BREDIKHIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Editor-in-chief of the Scientific Journal "Arkhont", Head of the First Children's Cossack Library № 128 – M.A. Sholokhov Cultural Center of the Central Library of the South-Eastern Administrative District, Moscow, Russia

FRONTIER FACTORS OF IDENTITY FORMATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DON COSSACKS)

The formation of identities is a dynamic process that is still taking place today. This problem becomes especially relevant for the countries of the post-Soviet space, whose nation-building process is not completed, there are no national identities, and local communities are developing. For the frontier environment, considered by us on the example of the Don Cossacks, ethno-cultural identification can have common properties, the identity of "border guards", including having geographical differences, acquires common features. Using the method of comparative analysis, we consider the factors of the formation of the identity of the Don Cossacks by identifying common features with the Rusyns, Pridnestrovians, Chechens and Ukrainians. In the results of the research, the author comes to the conclusions about the need for a more in-depth analysis of the frontier theory in order to determine the modern paradigms of the ethno-cultural identity of the Don Cossacks.

Key words: Don Cossacks, identity, Pridnestrovians, Rusyns, Ukrainians, Frontiersmen, Chechens.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.010

S.A. ROGATKO Candidate of Historical Sciences (PhD in History), Member of the Russian Committee on the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

MOSCOW FOOD MARKET AND CITY FOOD PROCESSING IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY

This article is dedicated to the food market which was largest in Russia in the second half of the 19th century and food processing in Moscow. The article describes changes in Moscow trade and industrial infrastructure in the field of foodstuffs and food processing in the 70-90s, analyzes the main urban markets for catering and trade in edible goods, merchant and entrepreneurial activities, activity of the Moscow General City Duma in maintaining trade fiscal standards, internal rules and sanitary provision, analyzes statistics of trade development, industrial and craft establishments.

Key words: moscow food market, food processing, commercial and industrial urban infrastructure, commercial establishments, City Council, Moscow merchants and entrepreneurship, food markets.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.011

V.V. BLINOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science, the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

SOVIET GOVERNANCE MODEL AS THE FIRM OF IDEOCRACY IN THE XX CENTURY

The article examines the governance model permeated by the ruling party at various levels of government. On the example of the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China and the Islamic Republic of Iran, common and different paths in the evolution of these political regimes throughout the 20th century and in the present are being analyzed. The model of the revolutionary Bolshevik party, initially formed during the discussion within the Russian social democracy, becomes the prototype for political regimes that permeate the model of managing a group of like-minded people.

Key words: ideocracy, authoritarianism, bureaucracy, state model, Soviet Union.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.012

L.M. ILIASOV Candidate of Philology, Applicant for the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Science Moscow, Russia

ON THE PROBLEM OF ANALOGIES OF MEDIEVAL PETROGLYPHS OF CHECHNYA

The article is devoted to the problems of analogy of medieval petroglyphs of mountainous Chechnya in the ancient archaeological cultures of the Caucasus, as well as in the medieval material culture. Analogies of medieval symbolism are found on ceramics and metal products of antiquity, starting with the Early Bronze Age. These are equal-pointed crosses, swastikas, double spirals, various geometric shapes. The ornament on ancient ceramics and metal products performed not only decorative functions, but also played a cult, magical role. At the same time, the analogies of the Chechen petroglyphs in the symbolism of metal products of the Bronze Age do not mean the simultaneity of their creation, as one might expect. Often these symbols are separated by millennia, but this did not almost affect the style of their depiction. Such stability of spiritual and material traditions can be associated with the genetic continuity of the population of the region, and not only the inheritance of religious ideas and artistic style. Thus, the Chechen petroglyphs on medieval architectural structures are material evidence of the ancient history of the Nakh peoples, thanks to which their connection with the most ancient civilizations of Asia Minor and Asia Minor, Europe and the Mediterranean becomes obvious.

Key words: petroglyphs, religious symbols, medieval architectural monuments of Chechnya, Kuro-Araks archaeological culture, Maikop archaeological culture, North Caucasian archaeological culture, Koban archaeological culture, Alanian archaeological culture, amulets.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.013

YU.G. POLETAEVA Department of Philosophy and History Ural State Agrarian University, Yekaterinburg, Russia

THE CONCEPT OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE SUBSTANTIALIST MODEL OF HISTORICAL EXPEDIENCY

The study covers the content of the substantialist concept of expediency, from the standpoint of the leading role of the concept of technology. Goal-setting is a qualitatively necessary element of a particular system. Goal-setting is considered as an attribute of the social system of activity. In the substantialist model of history, the foundations of which were developed by Hegel. In the historical process, the purposefulness achieves universality due to the means as an intermediate link between the goal and the object. Technology plays the role of a means in the historical activity of people. Receiving a teleological function in history, technology becomes its anthropological factor. Human as the initial and semantic basis for the reconstruction of society receives functional being, dissolving in practical activity. The uncompromising acuteness that the question of the essence ("truth") of history acquired, the intensity of worldview, philosophical and theoretical-methodological discussions, the echoes of which are still being heard, testify to the exhaustion of the model of history that has developed within the framework of civilisation under the influence of the ethical code.

Key words: philosophy, history, Marxism, technological development, human activity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.014

LI ZHONGBAO Postgraduate student of the Institute of Foreign Languages of Lanzhou University, China

RESEARCHES ABOUT SH.SH. WALIKHANOV IN CHINA

In 1958-1959 Sh.Sh. Walikhanov secretly made an expedition to Southern Xinjiang. The information he collected in Kashgaria provided a new opportunity for Russian Empire to understand this region, and he himself received a great honor for this from the tsarist government. Even for a long time after his death, he occupies a special place in the science of Russia and Kazakhstan. However, Sh.Sh. Walikhanov is hardly mentioned in Chinese historiography, and our scholars usually comment on him extremely negatively. Because of the need to re-understand this great scientist-traveler for Chinese scientists, this article analyzes in detail the state of research about Sh.Sh. Walikhanov in our country and attempts to find the reasons why Chinese scholars did not take him seriously. The purpose of this article is to make Chinese scholars pay more attention to the research in this area, giving them reference data on the research of Sh.Sh. Walikhanov.

Key words: Sh.Sh. Walikhanov, expediton, Russian Empire, Southern Xinjiang, Kashgaria, Chinese historiography, Xinjiang, Qing Empire.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.015

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia

THE BIBLE AS A SOURCE OF LAW (PART EIGHT)

Based on the second part of Article 67 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the author sets the task to show the convergence in the legal systems of the world divine and human principles, while keeping in mind that the beginning of a positive (human, artificial) rights was embedded in the theological stage of civilization. The implementation of this task requires an analysis of various legal concepts in their historical development; the content of the Bible in the context of the norms of human behavior, rules of life (commandments, parables of Jesus Christ, recommendations of the Holy Apostles); regulatory documents of various countries, including Russia, in their historical development.

The article is divided into several parts based on the volume of its content.

Key words: God, divine law, natural law, positive law, Bible, Commandments, philosophers, scientists, lawyers, normative documents, legal concepts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.016

А.А. SOMOV Graduate student, Department of History of Socio-Political Doctrines, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE IDEA OF THE "TRUE SOVEREIGN" IN RUSSIAN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY HISTORIOGRAPHY

The article examines a number of works by pre-revolutionary Russian historians that touch on the problems of tsarism and absolute monarchy in Russia in the XVI century. The author traces the main trends of pre-revolutionary historiography regarding the ideas of the ideal state system and the Russian ruler of that time. The article uses the principles of objectivity and historicism. The author comes to the conclusion that in their works, pre-revolutionary scientists were able to formulate the image of the ideal Russian monarch. Russian Russian historians justified the fundamental principles of the autocratic system, while at the same time allowing themselves to express different opinions about the activities of specific Russian rulers of the XVI century.

Key words: V.N. Tatishchev, N.M. Karamzin, N.I. Kostomarov, V.O. Klyuchevsky, V.E. Waldenberg, M.A. Dyakonov, sovereign, monarchy, autocracy, Orthodoxy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.017

E.O. MENSHIKOVA Postgraduate at the Department of Philosophy of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MODERN APPROACHES TO THE POLITICAL LEADERSHIP STUDIES IN THE RUSSIAN POLITICAL SCIENCE

Purpose: To reveal core modern Russian scientific research schools of political leadership.

Method: Based on the leading Russian political scientist researches in the sphere of political leadership. There is analysis of the methods of political leadership studies in these researches. The acquired information was systemized by the analytical groups’ method.

Outcomes: There were revealed two leading research methods of political leadership studies in the modern Russian political science.

Conclusion: This study revealed psychological and technocratic approaches to the political leadership studies, the chronological analysis of the attitudes arising and development was held, the relation between scientific schools and society political life changes was detected.

Key words: political leadership, psychological approach, technocratic approach, modern political science, Russian political science, political philosophy, leadership, politics.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.018

YA.S. ARTAMONOVA PhD (Political science), assistant professor, The Department of Social Relations, Advertising and Public Relations, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Moscow, Russia

M.F. FRIDMAN Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, The Department of Humanities, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONNEL SUPPORT OF THE SIXTH TECHNOLOGICAL ORDER

The article deals with one of the most urgent and important problems – the development of a theoretical and methodological basis for the strategic development of personnel support for an innovative breakthrough in the context of the deployment of the sixth technological order against the background of the greening of public and, in particular, economic relations. Taking into account the fact that at the present stage of the development of civilization, humanity has come to understand the limited resources of the planet, the world is faced with the inevitability of making strategic decisions related to long-term innovative advanced balanced socio-economic development and aimed at overcoming global problems that threaten the continued existence of man as a biological species. The intensive development of high-tech technologies in the conditions of entering the sixth technological order accelerates the reduction of the planet's life potential, so it is extremely important to make production as environmentally friendly and economical as possible, to reduce consumption and, consequently, the turnover of natural resources depletion. It is almost impossible to achieve this without the organization of a proper staffing system.

Key words: human resources, innovative breakthrough, sixth technological order, ecological and economic approach, educational potential, strategic development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.019

D.А. FILIMONOV Candidate of Sciences (sociology), Associate Professor at the Chair of public administration and political technologies, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

Е.V. GAGANOVA Candidate of Sciences (pedagogy), Associate Professor at the Chair of public administration and political technologies, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

А.V. KIRKA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Senior Lecturer at the Chair of public administration and political technologies, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

FORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN NATIONAL AND STATE IDENTITY IN THE PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTING YOUTH POLICY

The presented article deals with the current vision of national identity in Russia and the dynamics of its formation in the youth environment. The main directions of the state policy and its effectiveness in the formation of the national and state identity of young Russians are considered.

Key words: national and state identity, civil identity, state youth policy, civic consciousness.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.020

R.V. NADTOKA PhD student, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, deputy head of the Digital Development Department, Center for Information and Technical Support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPEN MULTI-FACTOR MODEL FOR SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ESTIMATION, FORECASTING AND MONITORING OF ETHNO-POLITICAL TENSION

The article examines the current situation in the field of ethnopolitics and interethnic relations in the Russian Federation. Based on the methods of content analysis of mass media, expert reports, and open data collection, mechanisms and approaches to early warning and monitoring systems for ethnic and interethnic conflicts have been identified. With the help of the conducted sociological and expert surveys, the main problems of the system of monitoring and early warning of interethnic conflicts, as well as the measures taken by the executive authorities in the field of maintaining interethnic peace and harmony, were identified. The solution of the identified problems will significantly increase the effectiveness of the state national policy and reduce the number of ethnopolitical risks.

Key words: interethnic conflict, ethno-political tension, monitoring system, open data, forecasting model, monitoring categories.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.021

NASSASRA YOUSEF D.A. Post-graduate student of the Department of General and Applied Political Science, Oryol State University Named After I.S. Turgenev, Oryol, Russia

RELATIONS OF PALESTINE WITH EGYPT IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

This article outlines the main factors that determine the content and nature of the interaction of Palestine and Egypt, are reviewed and evaluated its major trends emerging in the political developments of recent years in the middle East.

Key words: middle East, Egypt, Palestine, the League of Arab States, "Arab spring".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.022

О.N. BASOV Postgraduate student of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

INSTRUMENTS OF ELITE STRUGGLE FOR POLITICAL POWER IN THE MODERN UNITED STATES

Elite struggle has a decisive influence on political processes in society. In the case of a superstate, this influence extends far beyond the borders of the country and affects almost every region of the world. The United States is exactly the kind of that state. The competitive nature of domestic politics in this country, the high role of non-state actors, public opinion and civil society also lead to the fact that the intra-elite struggle here is especially sophisticated, and the tools for its conduct are constantly replaced by new ones and are subsequently actively adopted by the elites of other states. The purpose of the study is to identify the instruments of the elite struggle for political power that are widespread in the modern United States. The object of the study is the United States in the period from 2016 to 2021 with an emphasis on the election cycles of 2016 and 2020. The subject of the research is the instruments of the intra-elite struggle for political power used in the country. In the study, the author uses an instrumental approach. Using the example of the modern (after 2016) USA and especially the presidential campaigns of 2016 and 2020, the author identifies new instruments of the elite struggle for political power used in the country, such as: criticism of the opponent or his area of responsibility on socially significant issues on behalf of those implicitly related to the actor NGOs; instruments used during BLM protests and the capture of the Capitol; publication of unproven information discrediting the opponent; obstruction in the dissemination of information emanating from the opponent on the basis of its probable unreliability or social danger; a flashmob on social networks; using a force majeure situation as an excuse to promote a more profitable format of political activity; the formation of negative expectations around the future actions of the opponent; criticism of the opponent on behalf of opinion leaders representing the main groups of his electorate; expanding the right to vote to new categories of voters through granting citizenship or increasing the status of a territory.

Key words: theory of elites, intra-elite struggle, United States of America, instrumental approach.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.023

K.S. KOVAL Postgraduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

WOMEN'S ISSUE IN RUSSIA AT A BOUNDARY OF THE 19-20TH CENTURIES: SOCIAL, LEGAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS

The article is devoted to a problem of a women's issue in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. This period is characterized by the transformation of social and political thought and internal reforms. Changes have also affected perceptions of the role of women in society. In literature, especially Soviet period, the opinion on extremely belittled position of the Russian woman, on restriction of her rights in social, legal and psychological aspects was very popular. However a number of historical sources testifies to the return: about high degree of protection and respect for the Russian woman. The purpose of this research is to consider the problem of women's issues in three aspects: social, legal and psychological from the point of view of a conservative approach. In article the course of evolution and development of a women's issue in Russia at the turn of the century is consistently analyzed. The author comes to the conclusion that The Russian revolution introduced and promoted the ideas of left feminism at the state level, leaving no chance to maintain, and especially the development of the ideas of conservative feminism.

Key words: women's issue, women's movement, feminism, Russian woman, women's education, women's rights, patriarchal family.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.024

S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

D.V. DEMINA Master, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL GOVERNANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN SOCIETY

The article examines the processes of transformation of the system of political governance as an integral part of public life. The author defines the prerequisites for changing the traditional systems of political governance, which at the beginning of the current century are conditioned by the general globalization, the economic component in the political life of individual countries and regions in order to find a way to achieve political stability in modern society. At the same time, the problems of digitalization of society in relation to technological world progress as a whole are addressed.

Key words: political governance, political stability, digitalization of society, globalization, political competition, national interest, state regulation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.025

V.E. BURDULI Department of Political Science and Mass Communications of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING REGIONAL SOCIAL POLICY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SMOLENSK REGION)

The subject of this research is regional social policy. The purpose of this article is to study the features and directions of improving regional social policy in modern conditions (on the example of the Smolensk region). Methodology. In the process of research, the author used such methods and approaches as historical comparative analysis and synthesis, classification and generalization, discourse analysis of documents. Results. The author investigated the features of the implementation of social policy at the regional level, highlighted the main directions and programs, considered measures of social protection of the population, and also presented the possibilities of interaction between the state and business in the context of the implementation of regional social policy. Application. The results obtained can be used for further development of directions for improving regional social policy using the resources of business structures through the organization of mutually beneficial cooperation between government and business.

Key words: social policy, regional social policy, social protection of the population, programs of support of the population, corporate social responsibility.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.026

E.SH. ALIKBEROV Assistant Professor, Department of Altaic Studies and Chinese Studies, Institute of International Relations, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

A.R. ALIKBEROVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Altaistics and Chinese Studies, Institute of International Relations, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

V.A. LETYAEV Doctor of Law. Professor, Department of International Relations, World Politics and Diplomacy, Institute of International Relations, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

THE GEOPOLITICAL BALANCE OF POWER IN THE INDIAN OCEAN IN HISTORICAL RETROSPECT

This paper is devoted to the historical analysis of the changing dynamics of the balance of power and the search for the origin of the geopolitical equation in the Indian Ocean. The global geo-economic shift towards Asia and the associated growth in trade and investment off the Indian Ocean are increasing the strategic importance of the Indo-Pacific region for many countries. In addition, the rapid development of the economic and military capabilities of China and India is a source of rivalry and tension. The purpose of this study is to study the factors and causes of the build-up of forces in the Indian Ocean, as well as to preserve the political and economic balance. Trade relations, military alliances, complex political processes indicate the emergence of dominant states and strategic alliances with the subsequent solution of the balance of power equation. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is a comparative and comparative historical method, the method of analysis allowed us to identify the main factors and reasons for the emergence of strategic alliances and their role in the Indo-Pacific region. This study may be useful for scientists involved in international processes in the Asia-Pacific region.

Key words: Indian Ocean, India, China, balance of power, rivalry, trade routes, geopolitics, strategic alliances, naval forces.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.027

A.B. GEKHT PHD, Associate professor/docent The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the Head of the department of history and region studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia

T.S. KOMISSAROVA PHD, Associate professor/docent The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and region studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia

E.G. OVCHINNIKOVA PHD, Associate professor/ docent The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and region studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia

A.M. IVANOVA Student, Faculty of Humanities, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications the department of history and region studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia

BACKGROUND TO THE FORMATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (ESA) IN THE LATE 1950S – EARLY 1970S

The present article considers the preconditions for the establishment of the European Space Agency (ESA) during the «space race» between the USA and the USSR in 1960-1970. Which took place also during the Cold War - the confrontation between capitalism and socialism. The activities of ESRO and ELDO organizations as ESA predecessors were considered. It is known that ESRO was an organization whose main activity was the exploration of outer space, while the priorities of ELDO were aimed at launching launch vehicles with various missions. An important reason for the development of ESA is the desire for an independent European space programme that can compete with the existing major space agencies. The main challenges to the development of a unified space programme in Europe and the first attempts to work together between Europe and the United States on projects were also highlighted.

Key words: European Space Agency, “space race”, international organizations, space explorations, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.028

N.S. BARANOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Master of Jurisprudence Associate Professor of International Law of the Buryat State University named after Dorzhi Banzarov, Ulan-Ude, Russia

V.D. DMITRIEVA Master of International Relations Senior Lecturer of International Law of the Buryat State University named after Dorzhi Banzarov, Ulan-Ude, Russia

THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION REGIME

The article is devoted to the issues of the formation of an international regime for the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. It highlights the main stages of international nuclear safety, the activities of international organizations in this area.

Key words: international security, nuclear weapons, nuclear terrorism, international control, nuclear non-proliferation regime, international organization, IAEA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.029

S.E. MARTYNENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Peoples ' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE IDEOLOGY OF EURASIANISM IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION COUNTRIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the term "Eurasia "began to be used not only in the countries of the former USSR, but also in the West, in addition to its traditional meaning of the name of the continent, also for the name of the post-Soviet space"without connotations of the Soviet heritage". In relation to the post-Soviet space (with the exception of Georgia and the Baltic States), the name "Little Eurasia"is sometimes used. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the newly formed states (except for the Baltic States) established "patronage" groups in power, forming the corresponding hierarchical structures. It is characteristic that these state entities have acquired the characteristics of democratic regimes. In some post-Soviet countries, especially in Central Asia, such regimes with their hierarchical pyramids have proved to be quite stable and even show a tendency to self-reproduction.

Key words: Eurasia, the Shanghai Organization, cooperation, foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.030

R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D. of Economic Sciences Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

V.A. MANOVITSKAYA Student, Member of the Young Scientists Council, Diplomatic Academy of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ARAB SPRING PHENOMENON – 10 YEARS LATER

Within the framework of the countries under consideration (Egypt, Tunisia, Syria, Libya), the “Arab Spring” turned into different developments. Earlier, we conditionally divided its results into "three different scenarios. The article attempts to assess the causes and consequences of that events, as well as to analyze the technologies used for dismantling political regimes.

Key words: Egypt, Tunisia, Syria, Libya, "Arab Spring", social networks, non-governmental organizations, revolution.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.031

V.I. ROZENBERG Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Policy Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEMS OF THE EFFECTIVE USE OF UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL IN THE SETTLEMENT OF THE SYRIAN POLITICO-MILITARY CONFLICT

The Syrian military-political conflict due to its specifics has become a central event in the modern history of its region. The number of foreign states and non-state actors involved was unprecedented. One of the most important and ambiguous issues in this crisis was the role of the United Nations. The basic principles of the UN enshrined in its Charter are sovereignty and independence of states, renunciation of the use of force in international relations, and non-interference in internal affairs. However, it is the interaction of the UN with the states on the Syrian crisis that showed all the shortcomings of the outdated algorithms and signs of multipolarity of the modern world. The principles of which the organization is the guarantor have proven to be unworkable in the Syrian conflict.

Thus, the purpose of this article is to identify the real role of the UN in the Syrian politico-military conflict. As research tasks: to analyze the UN attempts to resolve the Syrian crisis, to identify the problems of the UN use of technology to resolve the conflict. The subject of the research is the settlement of the military-political conflict in Syria.

As part of this research article, the author identified the peculiarities of the current UN policy in the settlement of regional conflicts in the countries of the region.

Key words: political conflictology, United Nations, political-military conflict, conflict resolution, Syrian Arab Republic, syrian conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.032

R.SH. KUDASHEV Post-graduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION

Currently, the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is the main result of the ongoing integration processes in the post-Soviet space. By its essence, the EAEU belongs to the same type of regional integration communities as the European Union (EU). The EAEU has absorbed many organizational parameters of the EU. However, there are significant differences between their institutional and legal systems. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the structuring of the EAEU governance system. The author identifies the specifics of the formation of institutions and considers the risks and limitations of their functioning.

Key words: institutional system, EEU, member states, Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC, Commission), Supreme Council, Court of the EEU.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.033

S.V. TCOI Postgraduate student, Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR THE UNIFICATION OF THE NORTH KOREA AND REPUBLIC OF KOREA IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES

The article defines the prospects for the unification of the states of the Korean Peninsula. Their basis is determined not only by the internal processes of the DPRK and ROK, but also by the globalization processes of the modern world. The two main spheres of globalization today are the economy and socio-cultural interaction. They can become the basis for the implementation of inter-Korean dialogue projects.

Key words: North Korea, Republic of Korea, Korean Peninsula, globalization, unification.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.034

YAN MINJIA Post-graduate student at the Chair of Central Asia and the Caucasus, Institute of Asian and African Countries, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS OF PERSIAN HISTORICAL WRITINGS IN POST-WWII USSR (THE CASES OF SIYASAT-NAMA, QABUS-NAMA AND TARIKH-I MAS‘UDI)

Urged by theoretical and practical necessities, Soviet Orientalists endeavored to translate Oriental historical writings after WWII; relevant examples of such academic translations of classical Persian prose being Siyasat-nama (B.N. Zakhoder, 1949), Qabus-nama (Y.E. Bertels, 1953) and Tarikh-i Mas‘udi (A.K. Arends, 1962). Their main common advantage lies in the translators’ scrutinizing major issues regarding the texts themselves, which contributed to pertinent conclusions and facilitated selection of appropriate variants from the discrepant segments of the manuscripts. Next, the translators’ precise interpretation of lexical characteristics, precise transliterations and their attention to the authors’ style led to the accuracy of general contents and adequate choice of phraseology. Finally, the translations were enriched with parallel sources due to the scholars’ conscious efforts to broaden the range of historical sources considered. The weak points of this interpretative effort consisted in occasional distortions of the authors’ motivation, caused by the imposition of a rigid ideological orientation, unavoidable in the USSR, a lack of consideration of historical context and the incidental carelessness which could result from inadequate coordination in the work of translation boards. Summarizing, these translations laid a solid foundation for subsequent studies in political & cultural history; textual commentary & philological annotations, in particular, both preserve their value and deserve revision at the present level of Iranian studies.

Key words: Siyasat-nama, Qabus-nama, Tarikh-i Mas‘udi, historiography.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.035

A.YU. SOROKA Master, Member of the Council of Young Scientists of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

EVOLUTION OF MODERN MIGRATION POLICY IN ITALY

Military conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa provoked a large-scale migration crisis on the territory of the EU countries, in particular, this problem had a great impact on the migration situation in the Republic of Italy, which in turn brought its consequences to many aspects of the life of the republic and its further political vector. development.

Key words: Italy, European Union, migration policy, cultural and social integration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.036

I.A. VISHNYAKOVA MA, Faculty of Asian and African Studies, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

EVERYDAY LIFE OF IRANIAN ISLAMIC OPPOSITION ACTING IN SYRIA AND LEBANON IN THE 1970S. (LIFESTYLE AND EMOTIONAL ASPECTS)

This article is devoted to the description of the everyday life of Iranian Islamists acting in Syria and Lebanon in the years preceding the Islamic revolution of 1978-1979. Reconstruction of the everyday life of Iranian revolutionaries was carried out using traditional methods of historical research (specific-problematic, systemic, descriptive, historical-comparative) adapted for use within the microhistorical approach to the study of historical phenomena and processes. Throughout analysis of the memories of members of the Islamic movement, the main characteristics of the revolutionaries’ everyday life and its emotional side were identified and their influence on the relationship inside the revolutionary community was traced.

Key words: Iran, Islamic Revolution, Modern History, History of Everyday Life, Middle East.

REFLECTIONS ON THE READ

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.037

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Moscow, Russia

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT LOBBYING ACTIVITIES

The peer-reviewed article provides an overview of scientific research by Russian and foreign authors, the results of which have recently been published in Russian journals on various aspects of lobbying and the eradication of corruption.

Key words: lobbying activity, eradication of corruption, Russian government, regional lobbyism, sectoral lobbyism, political lobbyism.

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