Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 9. Issue 6 (51), 2019.
CONTENTS
DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLICY HISTORY
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY
DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
T.A. SHEBZUKHOVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Theory and history of state and law of the Institute of service, tourism and design (branch) FGAOU VO «North-Caucasian Federal University» in Pyatigorsk, Pyatigorsk, Russia
CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE AS THE BASIS OF CULTURAL TOURISM
Article is devoted to consideration of features of use of cultural and historical heritage as base for development and stimulation of the tourist sphere as a structural component of complex economic development.
Existence of cultural and historical heritage in itself imposes a certain responsibility on owners, in independence of that, this owner is physical, the person, economic entity, or public education, i.e. community, municipality or institute of the government that consists in a duty to keep objects of cultural and historical heritage, to support them in proper condition and also to observe a number of the statutory requirements providing as a rule a duty to provide these objects for acquaintance and scientific research.
At competent economic approach, objects of cultural and historical heritage can become not only base for the successful business project, but also one of factors of stimulation of local economic growth due to attraction of tourist flow as end users for local (i.e. for local, or regional) economies.
The issue of economic involvement of objects of cultural and historical heritage more than is relevant as also the maintenance of such objects manages not cheap in force, usually considerable age of objects and need to observe a number of production and statutory requirements, and additional factors of economic activity never are superfluous. In other words, it is desirable that any object of cultural and historical heritage, anyway worked as for advance of national culture which it represents, and for compensation of costs of the contents.
Key words: Cultural and historical heritage, economic development, tourism, priming of economy, cultural tourism.
N.V. ZANOZIN Ph.D. in Historical sciences, associate Professor Institute of food technology and design – branch of the SBOU in Nizhny Novgorod state engineering and economic University, Department of Humanities, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
THE PRODUCTION OF CONSUMER GOODS OF THE “GROUP B” AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN THE GORKY REGION IN 1946-1953
The article is devoted to the problem of the development of the “Group B” industry in the first post-war years. It describes the characteristic features of the production of consumer goods at the enterprises of the Gorky region in 1946-1953.Special attention is paid to identifying the causes of the difficulties and shortcomings of this process. Based on the analysis of historical documents, the author concludes that the development of the industry producing goods for the population is lagging behind, compared to the "Group A" industry.
Key words: Economy of the USSR, consumer goods, "Group B" industry, post-war society,the Cold War, social development, demand of the population.
V.I. KONOVA candidate of historical Sciences, associate Professor, Bryansk state engineering and technological University, Bryansk, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF PRODUCTS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF THE RSFSR IN THE 70 YEARS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
The article investigates the problem of improving the quality of products in industrial enterprises of the RSFSR in the 70 years of the twentieth century. (on the example of Bryansk, Smolensk and Orel regions). The researcher's attention to the work of industrial enterprises in the region is not accidental. The problem of quality of industrial products at each stage of development of society had its historical conditionality. The regions that suffered greatly during the great Patriotic war, thanks to the selfless work of workers, farmers, intellectuals turned into industrial and agricultural areas with highly developed engineering and instrument-making.
Key words: products, industry, standardization, product quality management, quality day, state quality Mark, Bureau of economic analysis.
O.Yu. KOVALENKO Lecturer at the Department of social and cultural activities of the Military University of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
SPECIFICS OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF SUVOROV MILITARY SCHOOLS IN THE FIRST DECADE OF EXISTENCE OF SUVOROV MILITARY SCHOOLS
This article attempts to consider the specifics of the organization of work in the field of Patriotic education of students in Suvorov military schools during the great Patriotic war and the first postwar decade. At present, our country pays close attention to the Patriotic education of the younger generation. Patriotic education in Suvorov military schools in the 40-50s is a worthy example of the implementation of this task. In article experience of Suvorov schools in education of Patriotic qualities of pupils is carefully analyzed. The clear organizational structure allowing to provide high-quality Patriotic work with pupils of schools is presented. The characteristic of all levels at which this work was carried out is given. The basic forms of educational activity in Suvorov schools are covered. The analysis of a wide range of sources allowed the author to summarize the historical experience and draw from it the relevant historical lessons relevant to building a competent process of Patriotic education of young citizens of the Russian Federation.
Key words: pupil, Patriotic education, Patriotic work, patriotism, Suvorov, Suvorov military school.
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLICY HISTORY
L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, IPAM Ranepa under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of sciences (political sciences), Professor Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
ETHNIC COMPONENT IN THE POLITICAL RELATIONS OF ANCIENT RUSSIA
By showing the ethnic origin of the wives of the Grand Dukes of Kiev and their sons, their political status before marriage, as well as the picture of the marriage of the daughters of Ancient Russia Princes, the authors conclude that the ethnic component influenced the political processes, and the establishment of kinship involved the Old Russian state, including the North-East, in the international life of Europe. The authors propose to make a more active use of this factor in the modern foreign policy life of Russia.
Key words: ethnic origin, political status, blood relationship, North-East of Russia, Old Russian princes.
V.I. VLASOV Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia
UNITY IN THE "EARTHLY" AND THEOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF ETHICS AND MORALITY
Reflecting on the essence of ethics and morality, the author comes to the conclusion that both (two) their understandings coincide (must coincide): the “earthly” and theological. Only in this case morality and ethics play the role of the basis of behavior and vitality of the society.
Key words: ethics, morality, God, society, the commandments of God.
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
A.Yu. BUTOVSKY Candidate of Pedagogic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of legal Disciplines, Tula State Pedagogical University named after L.N. Tolstoy, Tula, Russia
FIRST CONTACTS OF THE CRIMEA WITH THE SELF-PROCLAIMED “UKRAINIAN” REPUBLICS AND THE PROBLEM OF ESTABLISHMENT OF INDEPENDENT AUTHORITIES ON THE PENINSULA
The article is dedicated to the issues of the first contacts of the Crimea with the self-proclaimed Ukrainian Republics in the context of establishment of independent authorities on the peninsula. The great influence of 1917 October revolutionary events on political processes in the Crimea is also covered. However, to the author’s mind, the main factor, which led to the establishment of independent authorities in the Crimea, was the formation of the so called “Ukrainian State” in a number of Russian provinces. As the result of the abovementioned situation, it was the emergence of the People’s Representative Council, the Crimean-Tatar directory and soviets of workers’ and soldiers’ deputies of different levels in the Crimea by the end of 1917. Moreover, only the success of the further development of the separatist nationalist movement in Ukraine, as the most powerful and dangerous in southern Russia, could give a chance for Great Turkestan to the Crimean Muslims. That is why, among other things, the Minister of Internal Affairs of Turkey and the main inspirer of pan-Islamism Mehmed Taalat Pasha was particularly informed of the relations with Ukraine through the Turkish Ambassador in Moscow. Sevastopol and the Black Sea Fleet remained the strongest center of power in the peninsula in these turbulent times.
Key words: Russian Empire, Ukraine, the Central Rada, the Crimea, the Russian Revolution, the Provincial Congress of Soviets, the zemsky sobor, the People’s Representative Council.
V.I. POKHOZHAEV Adjunct, Military University of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
STATE NATIONAL POLICY IN MODERN CONDITIONS, ITS CONTENT AND FEATURES
This article discusses some problems in implementing the Strategy of the state national policy of the Russian Federation, as well as issues of patriotism and national identity that strengthen national policy in modern society.
Key words: The Strategy of the state national policy, national identity, national idea, patriotism, one nation.
POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
A.B. GEKHT Ph.D., Associate professor/docent, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and region studies, St. Petersburg, Russia
BRITISH NATIONAL PARTY IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF MODERN BRITAIN
This article discusses the main aspects of the British National Party’s functioning. It’s the main right-wing political organization in the United Kingdom. The aim of this paper is concentrated on the party's historical formation, the attitude of the British people towards the movement, the key aspects of its ideological and daily political activities in the context of modern Britain’s political spectrum. The methods used: descriptive-analytical, historical, system analysis. The result of this article is an analysis of the image, the ideological foundations and the key aspects of the British National Party, the review of this movement's electoral base, the identify of major trends. There is a low popularity of the BNP in modern Britain and a noticeable decline in the political arena since 2010 The image of a neo-fascist organization that have remained since the end of the 21st century and the leaders' weak leadership qualities lead to the fact that every year the movement gets less electoral support. The majority of the young population does not support the nationalist ideas and opposes any race or religious discrimination against any groups of population. In conclusion, there are given the prospects for the development of the British National Party in the British political arena.
Key words: the British national party, the United Kingdom, the UK, political parties, right-wing political parties.
M.M. ADAMOV Assistant Deputy Chairman of the Committee of the Council of the Federation on Science, Education and Culture, Moscow, Russia
R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D., Research Fellow, Diplomatic Academy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
US FOREIGN POLICY DIGITAL DIPLOMACY INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS METHOD
One of the most common mechanisms of data communication can be considered a digital diplomacy – the mechanism of influence on foreign audiences through the following methods: placement of radio and television programs on the Internet, the proliferation of open access literature on the United States in a digital format, monitoring discussions in the blog space, creating personalized pages of members of the US government in social networks, as well as sending information through mobile phones.
Key words: digital diplomacy, strategic communication, information confrontation, information communications, Internet, information technologies.
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD
H.T. SARDARYAN Candidate of political science, Dean at School of Governance and Politics, MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia
INFLUENCE OF WESTERN CHRISTIAN TRADITION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS OF REPUBLICANISM
This article examines the influence of Western Christian intellectual tradition on the evolution of the concept of republicanism. The author notes that modern democratic republics were historically formed within the framework of the West Christian European civilization. By analyzing the works of key Christian philosophers, the author demonstrates their contribution to the concept of republicanism and modern understanding of such democratic principles as limitation, division and changeability of power.
Key words: republicanism, republic, Christianity, democracy, form of government, Roman Republic, common cause, Huntington, Aurelius Augustine, Thomas Aquinas.
M.E. RODIONOVA Vice-Rector for projects, Candidate of Science in Sociology, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Sociology, History and Philosophy, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
INVESTMENT MIGRATION ISSUES: ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRY PROGRAMS
The purpose of this article is to examine the theoretical and practical bases of investment immigration with a focus on the countries of the European Union. A comparative analysis of the EU investment programs on the example of Portugal, Hungary as the most attractive for investment in the opinion of the author. The current issues of the EU investment program (InvestEU 2021-2027) (programs of the first and second stages of the “Juncker Plan”), which also includes partially private investments, are also discussed in detail.
Key words: investment immigration, investment programs, programs for investors, EU, InvestEU 2021-2027, “Juncker plan”.
D.A. BRUSILOVSKII Ph.D. in Philosophy, Assistant Professor, UNESCO Department for the Study of World Religions and Culture and Philosophy of Science Department, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Republic of Kyrgyzstan
I.I. ESIPOV graduate student of the North-West Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia
STRATEGY FOR PEACE: THE GLOBAL INTEGRATION BETWEEN ISLAMOPHOBIA AND THE "CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS"
At the global level, there is no single and consistent strategy for the survival of civilizations that could determine the possibilities for the integration of cultures in a "clash of civilizations". In the theory of S. Huntington's "Clash of civilizations" Western elites and statesmen have found a new enemy, which extends the maintenance and expansion of military, space, economic, social and religious power. Islamophobia is becoming an instrument necessary for the birth of a new world order: an ideological construct that emerged in the post-cold war era with the intention of uniting Western civilization and American society at a time of tangible fragmentation. In the context of globalization, the Western world translates Islamophobia into a foreign policy paradigm and refocuses the policy of Western States on the way to confrontation between Islamic and Sinskaya (Chinese) civilizations. The authors believe that Islamophobia is a strategy that integrates Western and American identity in a rapidly changing world system.
In the article the authors applied the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, scientific abstraction, generalization, induction and deduction, comparative–historical, formalization, method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete, analogy, expert, dialectical and systemic.
Key words: globalization, integration, Islamophobia, strategy, civilization.
V.V. PONOMAREW Postgraduate student, Diplomatic academy of the MFA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
UN MODERN WORLD "NEW WARS" CONTROVERSIAL SENSE
The article is devoted to examining the current state of the United Nations, defining the place and role of this organization in today's rapidly changing world and, among other things, examining how adequately the UN can meet modern challenges and threats. In the first part of the article, the author pays attention to the philosophical and theoretical characteristics of the UN, highlighting the contradictions and inconsistencies of this organization. The second part of the article is devoted to the history of the creation of the UN, the successes and failures of this organization. The final part of the article provides a critical understanding of the organization (UN).
Key words: UN, security, Jean Baudrillard, Israeli – Palestinian conflict, consumer society.
V.V. URIGAEV graduate student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
FACTOR OF NATIONALISM IN FOREIGN POLICY OF MODERN GEORGIA AND UKRAINE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
The article is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of foreign policy of the two sovereign states of the Black Sea region. Created on the basis of the socialist republics of the Soviet Union, both countries experienced a dramatic history of state-building, including coups in the form of “color revolutions”, in which the strong influence of Western countries manifested itself in shifting the current authorities. A new form of hybrid power and information influence relies on non-governmental organizations that coordinate protest groups of various orientations with direct or indirect support of external actors. It has been revealed that the organizers of the “color revolution” create an illusion of general public support by mobilizing a part of the radical urban population, especially young people, who share the ideas of the organizers. At the same time, they actively oppose social organizations of a moderate, conservative persuasion, whose activities are aimed at finding ways to resolve the conflict through compromise. The governments of Ukraine and Georgia that came to power as a result of the “color revolution” are pursuing a pro-Western foreign policy course that includes the anti-Russian component. However, over time, under the influence of public opinion, requiring the resumption of traditional social and economic relations, the leadership of these countries are forced to change the model of international relations, including pragmatic, mutually beneficial relations with the Russian Federation. The article shows how the transformation of foreign policy occurs under the influence of external and internal factors. In 2018-2019, elections of the President of the country took place in Georgia and Ukraine. If in Georgia the majority of voters supported the continuation of the pragmatic course of the ruling party “Georgian Dream”, choosing President S. Zourabichvili, a candidate supported by the ruling party, in Ukraine the majority of voters supported the non-system young politician V. Zelensky, which indicates the public’s desire to change – and externally – the political course, which conducted the previous leadership of the country.
Key words: Black Sea region, color revolution, non-governmental organizations, Georgia, Ukraine, Russia, European Union, pragmatism.
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY
S.P. KOSTRIKOV Doctor of history, Professor Moscow State University of management, Department of history and political Science, Moscow, Russia
SALONICA FRONT: THE GREEK QUESTION ON THE PAGES OF RUSSIAN NEWSPAPERS IN THE AUTUMN OF 1915
The article deals with the materials of Russian Newspapers covering the events on the Salonica (Macedonian) front during the First world war. It is noted that in the early twentieth century the press became a noticeable phenomenon in political life of Russia. During the world war the press played an extremely important role, was not only the main source of information, but also turned into a powerful means of ideological and political influence. On the example of the analysis of publications concerning the position of Greece in the conflict in the Balkans, analyzing its attitude to the warring blocs, the author demonstrates that the Russian periodical press is an independent source capable of reconstructing important events in the international life of the period under consideration.
Key words: First world war, Greece, the Russian press, the Salonica front, the Balkans.
MEHMET EMIN IQBAL DURRE Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Theory of Regional Studies at Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF IRAQI KURDISTAN'S INDEPENDENCE IN ISRAEL'S MIDDLE EAST POLICY: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES
The article addresses the issue of the independence of Iraqi Kurdistan in the context of Israel’s foreign policy and Middle East strategy. Over the past decade, Iraqi Kurdistan has managed to reach a new level of international legal and political subjectivity, because of its role in the fight against the Islamic state. A number of statements by senior Israeli politicians testifies to the support for the idea of independence of Iraqi Kurdistan not only at the level of internal political rhetoric, but also at the venue of various international organizations (primarily the UN). Tel Aviv’s consistent support for the aspirations of the Kurdish people in Iraq to create their full-fledged state emerged due to the calculations of the Israeli side connected with the intensification of the struggle for leadership in the region, the intensification of the threat of Muslim radicalism in the immediate neighborhood of Israel.
At the same time, this support is limited, since it threatens the image of Kurdish autonomy in the Muslim world and is not fully consistent with the US long-term strategy in the region. Therefore, the “new peripheral strategy” of Israel pays great attention not to contacts between political institutions, but to economic and personal contacts with Iraqi Kurdistan. Despite the fact that the intensification of Tel Aviv’s efforts in the Kurdish direction is quite likely due to Turkey’s assertive behavior in the Middle East, the current balance of forces is unlikely to change in the short-term perspective, since Kurdish autonomy and Israel cannot interact without intermediaries because of geographical factor. However, prerequisites are being formed for the transformation of the distribution of forces in the region in the long-term perspective.
Key words: Israel, Iraqi Kurdistan, referendum on independence, self-determination of peoples.
E.N. KASATKIN employee departmental educational organization military unit 1441, Khabarovsk, Russia
THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE CHINESE AND SOVIET INTELLIGENCE IN THE FAR EAST IN THE PERIOD 1950-1960
This article describes the confrontation between the Soviet and Chinese intelligence services in the far East in the course of territorial disputes between the USSR and China. It describes the differences in a number of political aspects of the two States, caused by the cult of Stalin's personality, the attempts of the USSR to have a direct impact on China's policy, as he took their direction of Communist construction, as well as an attempt to gain great influence of China in the far East. In the mid-50s of the XXth century, China tried to separate from the Soviet Union in the construction of communism and create its own direction of socialism. However, the Soviet Union did not approve this decision. These events affected almost all spheres of diplomatic relations between the two powers, which led to military territorial clashes in the far East.
Key words: USSR, China, troops, special services, politics, confrontation, border areas.