Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 10. Issue 8 (65), 2020.
CONTENTS
DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS
DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.001
V.P. BARANOV Doctor of historical Sciences, Professor, member of the Union of writers of Russia, full member of the Academy of military Sciences, inspector General оf the office of General inspectors of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
A.A. KLIMOV Doctor of historical Sciences, associate Professor, member of the Union of writers of Russia, full member of the Academy of military Sciences, head of the scientific Department (military historical work) Scientific center for strategic research of the Federal service of the national guard of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
USE OF NKVD OF THE USSR TROOPS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST THE NATIONALIST UNDERGROUND DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
The аrticle dwells upon peculiarities of combat use of NKVD troop’s personnel in the fight against nationalist groups in the territory of Western Ukraine, Western Belorus and Baltic region.
Key words: NKVD troops, nationalist groups, fight against nationalist, underground organizations, management of interior, troops territorial departments.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.002
S.P. KOSTRIKOV Doctor of historical Sciences, Professor, head of the Department of history and political science, State University of management, Moscow, Russia
REACTION OF THE RUSSIAN PRESS TO THE EVENTS OF MAY 29, 1903 IN BELGRADE
(Based on the Materials of the «Novoye Vremya» and «Russian Vedomosti» Newspapers)
The article considers the materials of Russian Newspapers of the early twentieth century. Novoye Vremya and Russian Vedomosti, which covered the events of the May 1903 coup in Serbia, its causes, attitudes towards it in Serbian society and abroad, and an analysis of possible international consequences. It is noted that newspaper materials serve as a valuable source for studying this event.
Key words: Russian press, the coup d'etat in Serbia on May 29, 1903, Obrenovich, Karageorgievich.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.003
А.P. VOLKOV Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor, Head of the history Chair, Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
EXPERIENCE IN ENSURING ROAD SAFETY IN THE USSR IN THE 1950s AND 1970s
The article provides a retrospective analysis of the legal regulation of the road safety in the USSR for the period from the 1950s to the1970s. The main stages of the formation of the system of traffic regulation and control are marked, and the directions of reforming the state traffic Inspectorate are shown. The steps to attract the public attention to the problem of road safety are described, and the main changes in traffic rules are analyzed. It is demonstrated how automated control and accounting systems have contributed to the improvement of the road environment. The article pays special attention to such a phenomenon as “drunk driver,” which according to statistics accounted for about 30% of accidents. The introduction of new technologies for determining the state of intoxication on the “road” and tougher penalties for driving under the influence of alcohol, was an important step towards ensuring a safe environment on the roads.
Key words: road safety, state traffic Inspectorate, traffic rules, traffic accident.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.004
A.S. BERKUTOV Candidate of historical Sciences, corresponding member of the Academy of military Sciences, head of the Department of research on the historical experience of ensuring state and public security of the scientific Department (military-historical work) Scientific center for strategic research of the Federal service of the national guard of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
A.A. KLIMOV Doctor of historical Sciences, associate Professor, member of the Union of writers of Russia, full member of the Academy of military Sciences, head of the scientific Department (military historical work) Scientific center for strategic research of the Federal service of the national guard of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
NKVD OF THE USSR ACTIVITIES TO ENSURE PUBLIC SAFETY DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
The article analyzes the main activities of the NKVD during the great Patriotic war. The authors based on documentary sources show the role of the NKVD in ensuring public security during the great Patriotic war. The main normative legal acts defining the activities of the NKVD bodies during the war are given.
Key words: the great Patriotic war, the State Defense Committee, the people's Commissariat of internal Affairs, the Red army, public security, the fight against criminal crime, and the protection of public order.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.005
T.M. SHAVLAEVA Doctor of historical Sciences, Institute of Humanities research of the Chechen Republic Academy of Sciences, chief scientific officer, Grozny, Russia
THE PRACTICE OF USING WINTER PASTURES IN TRADITIONAL CHECHEN SOCIETY
The article considers the rational use of pastures in the traditional Chechen society. To address this economically important tasks had been carried out annually stage the raids from one natural area to another. There were special routes for driving livestock, divided into categories. It is shown how a peculiar economic way of life of shepherds was formed in winter pastures. The importance of seasonal pastures in establishing ethno-cultural contacts is emphasized. Often there were representatives of different societies and ethnic groups, communication between them had a positive impact on cultural traditions and promoted spiritual rapprochement. The use of winter pastures significantly reduced the cost of owners' care and maintenance of animals.
Key words: chechens, natural zones, cattle drives, winter pastures, ethnic and cultural contacts.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.006
L.Ya. ARAPKHANOVA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor, Ingush Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences named after Ch.E. Akhriev, Magas, Russia
Z.I. КОSTOEV Ingush Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences named after Ch.E. Akhriev, Magas, Russia
USSR NATIONAL POLICY IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS FROM 1922 TO 1945
The subject of the research is the trends and events in the field of national policy of the Soviet Union in the North Caucasus in 1922-1945. The authors of the article consider the main factors of the national policy of this period (the language issue, the development of writing, national relations, the history of national-territorial formations, etc.) that influenced the nature of its further history. It is shown how, through the implementation of the policy of indigenization, the authorities formed adherents to their course in the regions in the person of local national personnel. The socio-economic and cultural development of the mountain peoples received a powerful impetus.
Key words: North Caucasus, USSR, nation, national policy, national-territorial formations, repression.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.007
YU.I. BEZIK PhD of military sciences, Doctoral student, Ss Cyril and Methodius Institute of Post-Graduate Studies, Moscow, Russia
THE ORTHODOX MILITARY SPIRITUALITY AND CLERGY OF FOREIGN CONFESSIONS IN THE RUSSIAN IMPERIAL ARMY DURING WORLD WAR I: ISSUES OF TOLERANCE
Based on the study of a wide range of theoretical and empirical sources, including archival documents, this article attempts to uncover the essence of the religious issue in the Russian Imperial Army during the First World War. Based on this, the effectiveness of the activities of the military clergy of foreign confessions, which were subordinate to the military Orthodox hierarchs, in the troops where representatives of other faiths served, was evaluated. The features of the relationship of clergy of the Orthodox military clergy with representatives of other faiths are studied. The study was based on the application of the dialectical method of cognition, as a result of which the remoteness is to consider the process of interaction between the Orthodox military clergy and the military clergy of foreign confessions and the politics of the religious issue in the development and interconnection of their manifestations. The principle of historicism was used to study in chronological sequence all the events and facts relating to the implementation of the functions of the military clergy. Special methods of cognition of historical reality such as: comparative-historical, formal-legal made it possible to identify the features of the regulation of religious policy and the functions of the military clergy at different historical stages. The author comes to the conclusion that government bodies led by the emperor sought to solve the religious problem in the army, because they were aware of its destructive component on the morale of soldiers and officers, in addition, it was a pain point used by opponents who spread propaganda, playing on the feelings of representatives various denominations. However, the weakening of state power and the collapse of the monarchical regime led to the decline of the institution of military clergy in general and priests of foreign faiths in particular.
Key words: military clergy, regimental priests, protopresbyter of the army and navy, religious tolerance, World War I.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.008
YU.M. LYSENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Institut of History, archeology and ethnography of the Daghestan Scientific Center of Russian, Makhachkala, Russia
A BIG SERIES ABOUT "SMALL" AND NOT ONLY… MONOGRAPHS ABOUT THE PEOPLES OF DAGESTAN: HISTORY AND EXPERIENCE OF CREATION
This article is devoted to the study of the experience of preparation by ethnographers and historians of a series of monographs about the peoples of Dagestan, and, first of all, about the so-called "small" in the 80s. XX century and their publication in the 90s. XX century and the beginning of the XXI century. The author examines the initial stage of preparation of monographic studies on the traditional culture of a number of peoples of the republic. The role of the researcher S.Sh. Hajiyeva in organizing such work, the pioneering experience accumulated by scientists of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography, in writing a series of works. The analyzed reasons that prompted the authors to start such work and the public demand for the appearance of these works. The importance of the prepared and published works for the Republic of Dagestan, both for fundamental historical science and for the peoples of the region, is noted. The article shows that the experience of "folk description" is in demand and is used in the preparation of various encyclopedias and popular science works. The paper analyzes the system by which publications on the peoples of Dagestan were prepared, and also notes the appearance of an illustrated series "To children about the peoples of Dagestan".
Key words: Dagestan, ethnography, small peoples, monograph, Tabasarans, Ginukhs, Gunzibs, Lezgins, Botlikhs, Aguls.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.009
Е.N. SABIROVA Senior lecturer at Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Ufa, Russia
R.P. YAKOVLEVA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor at Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Ufa, Russia
FESTIVE CULTURE OF THE BASHKORTOSTAN JEWS: PRESERVATION AND TRANSFORMATION
One of the main elements of preserving ethnic identity among Jews is considered to be adherence to Jewish customs and rituals, to a large extent associated with religion – Judaism. For ethnodispersed groups living in multinational communities, the observance of religious traditions and customs is of particular importance, due to the fact that, due to the absence of stable zones within ethnic linguistic communication, there is a loss of the native language, the replacement of the latter by the dominant language of this linguistic space. Therefore, the manifestation of ethnic identity is reduced to the level of the administration of national traditions and customs, which are exclusively religious in nature. As you know, Jewish religious holidays are part of the ethno-national identity, which are inextricably linked with the spiritual, moral and ethnocultural life of the Jews.
Key words: Shabbat, Peysah, Rosh Hashanah, Hanukkah, Purim, synagogue.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.010
S.V. OSIPENKO Associate Professor of Military administration Military University of the Ministry of Defense (VUMO RF), Moscow, Russia
FROM THE HISTORY OF DRAFTING THE CIVIL CODE UNDER THE DIRECTION OF M.M. SPERANSKY
The article focuses on issues that arose during the organization of the Department for the codification of civil law and the preparation of the draft Civil code, taking into account the achievements of the European experience, under the leadership of M.M. Speransky, as well as during his participation in the development of the legal framework for public administration reforms.
The author's concept is to substantiate the main idea of M.M. Speransky, his vision of reforming the institution of power and possible options for introducing constitutional foundations of government on a legislative basis within the framework of the Civil code project, as well as options for implementing models for implementing power technologies that contribute to effective political decisions.
Key words: civil law, codification, Manifesto, Commission, reformer, statehood, systematization, Assembly, Code.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.011
E.A. VANKINA Lecturer of the Department of International and European Law of the Faculty of Law, Mordovian State University N.P. Ogareva, Russia, Saransk
FINANCING OF THE WORLD COURT IN TSARIST RUSSIA
The article considers the institution of the world court after the reform of 1864, and the specifics of its financing after its establishment in tsarist Russia. Archival data on the provincial counties of the Penza province of that time, in particular on Insarsky, Krasnoslobodsky, Saransky counties are given. Some problems that are currently occurring in the judicial system are highlighted.
Key words: world court, institute, reform, judicial system, financing, legal proceedings, budget, zemstvos.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.012
T.N. GLEBOVA Graduate student Ulyanovsk state University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia
CRIMINOGENIC SITUATION IN THE SIMBIR PROVINCE IN 1914-1918: REASONS AND CONSEQUENCES
In the article, based on archival sources that are first introduced into scientific circulation, drawn from the funds of the State archive of the Russian Federation( GARF), The state archive of the Ulyanovsk region (GAO) and the State archive of modern history of the Ulyanovsk region (GANI UO), the process of reducing morality in society and, as a result, an increase in the crime rate in the Simbirsk province in 1914-1918, and methods of fighting for law enforcement is considered. After the revolutionary events, as well as the subsequent release of criminal elements from prison in the administrative divisions of Simbirsk province, there was a surge in street crime, which was directly manifested in an increase in the number of thefts, robberies, assaults and murders.
Key words: crime, war, revolution, Simbirsk province, pogroms, criminal situation, law and order.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.013
V.V. KOTELNIKOV Graduate student, Department of Russian History, Omsk State Pedagogical University, Faculty of History, Philosophy and Law, Omsk, Russia
MOVEMENT OF KENESARY KASYMOV: HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF RESEARCH
The national liberation movement of the Kazakh people against colonialism is one of the priority issues in the history of Kazakhstan. With the independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the attention of scientists was directed to one of the largest and most controversial movements – the movement led by Kenesary Kasymov, whose assessments and personality of the leader of this movement are complex and ambiguous.
The article analyzes significant information about the movement and personality of Kenesary Kasymov in historical science, and the historiographical tradition has developed in the study of both the movement and the personality of Kenesary Kasymov.
Key words: Kenesary Kasymov, Kazakhstan, national liberation movement, junior zhuz, middle zhuz, senior zhuz, citizenship, association, khanate, military union.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.014
P.V. PUSTYREV Applicant for the scientific degree of candidate of historical sciences, Department of History and Politics of the Institute of International Relations and World History, Nizhny Novgorod State University N.I. Lobachevsky, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
«CRISIS OF RELIABILITY» IN THE SOVIET TANK-BUILDING OF 1942 (On the materials of the plant No. 112)
At the beginning of 1942, the Soviet tank building was going through the so-called "crisis of reliability" caused by the forced release of combat vehicles in conditions of a shortage of equipment, materials, and labor. The crisis caused by the low equipment of production, the lack of experience in construction was overcome only in 1943. The author concludes that only in the second half of 1943 the tank industry of the USSR managed to achieve an acceptable ratio of the quantity and quality of the most mass tank of the Second World War - T-34.
Key words: issue, defect, tank, technology, reliability.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.015
М.V. YEVSTRATOV Post-graduate student at the Chair of history, Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
TRAINING OF TRAINED RESERVES DURING THE REORGANIZATION AND REARMAMENT OF THE RED ARMY AND NAVY (1935-1938)
The article is devoted to the issues of rearmament of the Armed Forces of the USSR in the 30-40s of the XX century. The author reveals problematic issues in the preparation and training of reserves for the Armed Forces in the specified period. The system of training military personnel and the reasons for its shortcomings in strengthening the country's defense capability are analyzed.
Key words: Armed Forces, USSR, rearmament, preparation of reserves, reforming.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.016
D.V. BOOKINA Post-graduate student working for the Master's degree at the Chair of modern history of Russia, Moscow State Regional University, Mytishchi, Russia
GHETTOS AS A SPECIAL TYPE OF CONCENTRATION CAMPS
The article reveals the history of the creation of Jewish ghettos in the territory of the Belarusian SSR during the Nazi occupation (1941-1944), which is one of the most important topics in the study of the price of the Great Victory. By analyzing and synthesizing information from various historical (primarily archival) and historiographical sources, comparative analysis and generalization, the author has formed data on the number of ghettos in the territory of the Belarusian SSR, the number of casualties of Jewish nationality during anti-Semitic actions. The paper also deals with the internal regulations and living conditions of ghetto prisoners, revealing the criminal nature of the actions of the Nazi occupation administration thus permitting us to characterize ghettos as one of the types of concentration camps.
Key words: Belarusian SSR, Great Patriotic War, genocide, ghetto, Jews, Minsk ghetto, occupation regime.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.017
A.N. PAVLOVA Postgraduate student of department of Ethnology MSU Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
THE SPANISH FESTIVE KITCHEN: KEEPING TRADITIONS
The paper investigates some peculiarities of the Spanish festive kitchen. The main traditions of cooking the main Spanish festive dishes are traced and the relation between these dishes and the specific parties is shown. The relation between the changes in the festive kitchen and the influence of external factors, such as the influence of the Arabian kitchen on the compound of the Spanish kitchen during holding the party «the Moors and the Christians» or French Kitchen in the serving process are shown. Also the special attention to the regional kitchen is paid.
Key words: the Spanish festive kitchen, traditions, nutrition, ethnographic studies of nutrition, anthropology of alimentation.
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.018
K.S. GADGIEV Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor, Chief Researcher at the National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
ON THE IDEA OF "YELLOW DANGER" AND THE AMERICAN VERSION OF SINOPHOBIA
The article attempts to identify and analyze some, in the author's opinion, key factors that together determine the systemic and structural components of the phenomenon of synophobia, which, together with Russophobia, has become an integral part of the US political strategy. It is shown that historically synophobia is one of the main manifestations of the idea of the so-called "yellow danger" that arose in the 19th century. The main attention is focused on substantiating the thesis according to which the nature and purpose of the American version of sinophobia in its current form is determined by the nature of the struggle between two economic, technological and military-political giants for dominant positions in the modern world.
Key words: China, USA, Russia, yellow danger, synophobia, Russophobia, xenophobia, politics, strategy, fight, coronavirus, pandemic, etc.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.019
A.N. MIKHAYLENKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, professor of International security and Russian foreign policy chair at the Department of national security, Institute of law and national security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNION STATE OF RUSSIA AND BELARUS
The theoretical and conceptual foundations of the Union State of Russia and Belarus (US) are of great importance for its evolution. However, at present, insufficient attention is paid to this issue, which is reflected in the quality of interaction between the two countries. There are quite a few theories that can be used to improve the efficiency of their cooperation. These are theories of interaction between great powers and small countries, theories of regionalism and integration theories. Conceptually, for the development of the Union State, such concepts as “hub and spokes”, US as laboratory of Eurasian integration, the concept of “spillover” and others are of interest. With the aim of the Union State’s development, some of these theories and concepts should be used more fully. Another part of them needs revision, adaptation to the conditions of the Union State. Finally, there is a need to develop and use new theories and conceptual approaches that meet the requirements of the current stage in the Union State’s development.
Key words: Union State, Eurasian Economic Union, liberalism, federalism, functionalism, bandwagoning, balancing, hub and spokes, spillover, laboratory, integration, co-development, new world order.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.020
I.А. KOPYLOV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor, Chair of politology, Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
О.V. МАTVEEV Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor at the Chair of history, Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; Professor of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
А.М. YASTREMSKIY Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor, Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
SOME SECURITY ISSUES OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC: MILITARY AND POLITICAL ASPECTS
The article emphasizes that the global importance of the Arctic region has been steadily growing in recent years. From a remote point on the map, it is becoming an object of economic, political, military and strategic interests for a number of countries. It is here that the issues of state sovereignty, military and national security, economic development, international cooperation, maintenance and preservation of the unique natural environment and balancing of the interests of Arctic development subjects – the Arctic states – are closely intertwined.
Key words: security issues, Arctic region, Arctic states, international cooperation, state sovereignty, natural environment.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.021
L.H. TLIMAKHOVA Postgraduate student, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
NATION-BUILDING FOR MODERN RUSSIA: THE STATE OF THE ISSUE AND PROBLEMS IMPEDING ITS RESOLUTION
This article is concerned with the study of the nation-building issue in the context of modern social and political realities in the Russian Federation. The article explores the topic of significance of the noted process for the country, its influence on the level and quality of the Russian society consolidation. The need to rethink the substantive aspects of this topic is primarily associated with raising the threshold of threats to the uncontrolled development of modernity. Based on the studied scientific literature, resolutions of meetings of relevant authorities in the implementation of the state national policy of the Russian Federation, as well as analysis of data from domestic and Western media, the author categorizes the indicated challenges. Particular attention is paid to such problems as the use of the ethnic factor by Western states to destabilize the domestic political situation in the country, the insufficient level of professionalism and the lack of proper concentration of certain public authorities on achieving the goals set by the leader of the Federation, etc. As a result of the study, the author concludes that, firstly, the tasks of nation-building will not be fully realized without a wide range of activities in such areas as culture, language policy, rule-making, etc.; secondly, it is necessary to consolidate the efforts of the authorities and society in the formation of common norms of internal interaction in order to level emerging problems within the state and respond in time to external threats.
Key words: nation-building, nationwide civic identity, conditions for the formation of nationwide civic identity, state national policy (ethnic policy), interethnic relations, the challenges of globalization, problems of nation-building in the Russian Federation.
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.022
А.D. LUKIN Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE AND PLACE OF SECURITY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE ARCTIC REGION
The article examines environmental security in the Arctic region from the point of strategic planning of national interests. The modern feature of the political course of states on the development of the Arctic region is marked by a "race of strategic documents", as indicated in the US Arctic strategy, adopted in June 2019. This characteristic reveals the existing reality in the region as correctly as possible, the adopted state documents establish fundamental norms for the promotion of state policy to protect strategic interests. National interests for the most part are based on the successful introduction of economic activities, the implementation of the extraction of natural resources, including in the shelf zone. Strategic planning of the Russian Federation in the Arctic is presented with such large projects as: Yamal LNG, Artik "LNG-2", "Vostok coal", "Gates of the Arctic". A national program is being implemented, the arrangement of the Northern Sea Route, the implementation of the project is in full swing, and at this stage, plans have been adopted to achieve a cargo turnover along the NSR up to 80 million tons by 2024. Economic activity in the Arctic has certain risks of a possible man-made disaster, the percentage of which increases in proportion to the number of existing industrial programs. The occurrence of leaks and spills during the extraction of oil and gas raw materials poses a real threat to the surrounding ecosystem of the Arctic, which is extremely fragile and irreplaceable. The regional history of the development of the mining industry has precedents of a man-made disaster with the pollution of significant areas, both in the land and in the sea areas of the Arctic. Through recognized regional organizations (platforms for dialogue), generally binding regulatory legal acts are being created and adopted within the framework of environmental protection in the Arctic by example; in 2013, an agreement was signed on cooperation in the field of preparedness and response to marine oil pollution in the Arctic. In 2017, the "Polar Code" came into force with sections with generally binding regulations in order to protect human life and prevent emergencies in the polar zones. The universally recognized platform for dialogue, the Arctic Council, in its function, largely acts as a regional think tank for the study of climate change and environmental protection, conducting ongoing environmental monitoring. Thus, the role of Environmental security in the Arctic is one of the main issues in international relations, which becomes a connecting node for cooperation at various levels with a large number of actors in world politics. But despite all the efforts of the world community and individual states, man-made disasters still take place today, as a result of which the relevance of this topic is not exhausted.
Key words: cooperation, oil, gas, agreements, conflict, climate, environmental safety, Arctic.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.023
S.G. МELKONYAN Postgraduate student at the Chair of international relations, Diplomatic Academy of the MFA of Russia, laboratory researcher at the Department for the study of Israel and the Jewish communities, Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia
THREATS TO ISRAEL'S SECURITY ARISING FROM THE ARMED CONFLICT IN SYRIA
The article focuses on the main threats to the security of the State of Israel, which were caused by the ongoing armed conflict in Syria. The research is based on doctrinal documents and official statements of the leaderships of Israel, Iran and Hezbollah, as well as on materials of analytical centers regarding the processes in the Middle East. The analysis of the military-political situation in the Syrian theater of operations suggests that the high level of internationalization of the conflict maintains. At the same time, the influence of external actors taking part part in the hostilities on the side of government forces, which include, first of all, Iran and Hezbollah, is growing. The author determined the geography of their presence, as well as directions of their activity. The analysis of these components indicates that Iran has a long-term strategy to preserve and expand its influence using loyal (Hezbollah) and subordinated paramilitary formations. Such activity in Syria is perceived by Israel as a threat to national security, as evidenced by their open anti-Israeli rhetoric and activities that were undertaken against the Jewish state.
Key words: Syria, Israel, Iran, Hezbollah, Golan Heights.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.024
I.Y. BAKULIA Graduate student, public departments and federal relations, Russian Academy of National Economy and public service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
NEOINSTITUTIONAL CHANGES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA AS A RESULT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
This paper analyzes the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the foreign and domestic policy of the Republic of South Africa, its economy, social structure and relationships using the concept of neoinstitutionalism, which highlights not the institutions themselves, but actions that support and change institutions. This approach is most appropriate for analyzing the impact of the pandemic.
Key words: neoinstitutionalism, institutional changes, norms of social relations, pandemic, scenario, internal degradation, force majeure, economic recession.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.025
LEI SHUANG Graduate Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Department of Political Science, Vladivostok, Russia
DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS OF THE JOINT CONSTRUCTION OF THE ICE SILK ROAD BY CHINA AND RUSSIA
The Arctic is attracting the attention of an increasing number of countries, due to its growing strategic and economic importance. In the context of the open development of the Arctic and growing internationalization, the joint construction of the Arctic “Ice Silk Road” obviously has significant value for China and Russia, which contributes to the development of strategic partnership and cooperation between the two countries. Thus, comprehensive cooperation in the Arctic region received high attention from the leaders of both countries. The Ice Silk Road Initiative not only contributes to the economic and social development of the Arctic region and balances the global transport and trade structure, but also has a positive impact on mitigating the imbalance between demand and supply of resource. China and Russia have made great strides in cooperation in their respective fields, which is also supported by a certain international environment. In general, cooperation between China and Russia to advance the construction of the Ice Silk Road has sufficient development potential and can attract other interested countries to participate in the future, and it also faces many problems and requires broad international consensus and technical support.
Key words: Arctic routes, “Ice Silk Road”, “One belt, one way”, Development of the Arctic, “Yamal LNG Project”.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.026
A.I. BUDNIK Student of master's program, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
T.V. GRIGORIEVA Student of master's program, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
A.A. KAN Student of master's program, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
THROUGH DISCOURSE AND TRENDS TOWARDS THE ACCURACY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY
The article deals with one of the urgent problems of international relations - the crisis of the theory of international relations (TIR). One of the main causes of the crisis is the inaccuracy and blurring of the TIR. The inaccuracy is due to several facts that are revealed in the main part of the article. The main emphasis is placed on an attempt to solve the highlighted problem through appeal to such concepts as trend and discourse. Theory has always been the engine of science and a better understanding of it, theory, and therefore scientific work, depends on the phenomena described in this article. Based on the results of the review of articles by Russian scientists, conclusions were drawn that testify to the importance and necessity of studying discourse and trends in the context of the theory of international relations.
Key words: crisis of international relations theory, scientific texts, trends, discourse.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.027
S.YU. ZAKHAROVA Master of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
SYMBOLIC COMMUNICATION IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. DOLL AS A DIPLOMATIC GIFT
The article considers the concept of a gift as a symbolic language of diplomacy, provides several examples of gifts to monarchs from diplomatic embassies when establishing friendly relations, when concluding dynastic marriages. One of the most valuable gifts for representatives of the upper class of another state are the "fashion dolls" that appeared in Europe around the XIV century as a model for demonstrating fashion trends in clothing. These dolls were not intended for play, but were an indicator of the status, a worthy gift for royalty.
Key words: international relations, diplomatic gifts, establishment of diplomatic relations, doll, Pandora, dynastic marriage, war, Royal gift.
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.028
S.G. KOSHKARYOVA PhD in history, associate professor of history and philosophy department of Vitus Bering Kamchatka State University, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
RUSSIAN-JAPANESE RELATIONS IN KAMCHATKA AFTER THE CONCLUSION OF THE 1907 FISHING CONVENTION
The Fishing Convention of 1907 became the first Russian-Japanese document that regulated joint relations in the fishing industry. The purpose of this study is to reveal the content and specifics of relations between Russia and Japan in Kamchatka on the basis of unpublished documents. This area was of particular interest to Japanese entrepreneurs in terms of the development of its marine natural resources. For the most part, the activities of the Japanese in Kamchatka were of an operational nature and were beneficial, first of all, to Japanese industrialists. Russia received rent for the use of offshore fishing grounds. The conclusion of the Fishing Convention of 1907 for a long time led to the consolidation of Japan's position in the fishing industry of the Kamchatka Peninsula.
Key words: Kamchatka, Fishing Convention, Japanese fishery, Japanese fishing, Russian-Japanese relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.65.8.029
ARGYRIOS TASOULAS PhD candidate, Department of Theory and history of international relations, People’s friendship university of Russia, Moscow, Russia
A POTENTIAL “APPLE OF DISCORD”: CYPRUS IN THE SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS, 1946-1953
The article deals with the Soviet foreign policy analysis regarding Cyprus from 1946 to 1953. The scientific novelty of the research is the study of the foreign policy of the USSR about the evolution of political events, in regard with Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean. The problem was analyzed on the basis of archival materials drawn from the Archives of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation (AVP RF). The purpose of the article is the thorough study of the Soviet analysis of Cyprus in the period 1946-1953. To examine the topic in detail, it was necessary to perform a number of tasks. First, to reveal how the question of the future of Cyprus became a subject of the Soviet Union's foreign policy; second, to examine the position of the Soviet Union on Enosis (unification) of the island with Greece; third, to explain the logic of the Soviet analysis and the contradictions of its competitors in a region of great geopolitical importance. The author has reviewed in detail the diplomatic correspondence sent from the Soviet Embassy in Greece, in order to conclude that Moscow analyzed in detail the political events around Cyprus even before its participation in the mid-50s. Along with this, the work also highlights the Kremlin's refusal to cooperate more closely with the Greek Communists during the Greek civil war.
Key words: Cyprus, the Soviet Union, Greek civil war, Cyprus question, Cold War.