№ 9 (90), 2022

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 12. Issue 9 (90), 2022

CONTENTS

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Yashchenko A.M., Tereshchenko O.V., Ushmaeva K.A., Goncharov A.S. On the Formation of the Kuban Region Cossacks’ Historical Representations at the End of the XIX Century
Shavlaeva T.M. Chechen Type Achaloi in the Second Half of the XIX – 40s of the XX Centuries (Based on Field Materials)
Panteleev V.I., Voronov I.I. Sale of Forest from the Root as a Form of Economic Realization of State Ownership of Land in Siberia in the Late XIX – Early XX Century
Verаmeychik A.E. Material Values of Large Land Residences in the North-West Region of the Russian Empire During the Military Events of the Early XX Сentury (by the Example of the Nesvizh Castle of Princes Radzivills)
Solovieva L.V., Kryukova I.V., Ushmaeva K.A., Goncharov A.S. The Time Category in the Historical Representations System of Cossacks of the Kuban Region (60-90s of the XIX Century)
Kuznetsov V.N. The Importance of Entrepreneurship in the Development of the Credit System in the North-West of Russia in the Post-Reform Period
Ushmaeva K.A., Yashchenko A.M., Golubov M.A., Goncharov A.S. Legal Basis for Proceeding Cases in Stanitch Courts in the Second Half of the XIX Century (by the Materials of the Kuban Region)
Makina A.I. Khakass Customs of Assistance in Cattle Breeding
Sadym K.B. Genesis and the Main Tendencies of Development of the Greek Non-Governmental Organizations in Kuban
Pazilov Ye.D. Formation of the Basis of Industrial Production of the Kazakhstan City of Kentau in 1940-1950
Ryabkova O.V. Salekhard Fish Canning Factory During the Great Patriotic War
Bukina D.V. The Minsk Ghetto in the Memories of Prisoners

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Boltenkova L.F. Hymn to the Lord God (Philosophical and Religious Research in Several Articles). Part Nine
Kachurenko D.S. Separation of Powers as a Philosophical Doctrine and a Managerial Principle: Theoretical Aspects
Argun L.L. William H. Riker's Critique of Behavioralism and Rational Choice Theory
Mironova S.A. The Problem of Corporatism in Political Science

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Chulkov D.I. Mechanisms to Counter Manipulation and Propaganda in the Works of G. Lasswell and J. Dewey

POLITICAL REGIONALISTICS. ETHNOPOLICY

Zheng Nan. The Impact of the Turkic Integration Process on Russia and China
Galeeva N.F. The Role of National Cultural Organizations in Preserving Ethnic Identity (on the Example of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug)

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Magadiev M.F. State Administration in the Sphere of Information Policy of the Russian Federation in the Conditions of Hybrid War

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Terentyev V.I., Ushakov D.V. Mongolian School Textbooks in the Humanitarian Subjets as a Instrument for the Formation of National Identity
Xu Hong. The 22nd SCO Summit is a New Impulse for EAEU Integration Projects and "One Belt, One Road"
Yin Qun, Grachikov E.N. Theoretical Analysis of China’s Belt and Road Initiative from Africa to Latin America: the Roots of China’s Intention and Behavior
Terentyev V.I., Sysun I.S. The Role of History Textbooks in the Development of National Identity in Mongolia
Pokasov V.F., Anuprienko I.A., Malyavina G.I., Goncharov A.S. Magical Practices in the Everyday Life of the Ancient Greeks
Urper Mehmet. Foundations of Cultural Diplomacy in the Context of Forming the Mechanisms of Consolidation and Development of the National Identity of the Turkish State in the System of International Relations: Features of the Comprehensive Complex of Approaches of the Government of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) to Implementation and Implementation of the Concept "Soft Power"
Rakhimov K.H., Fedina S.V., Kholov S.H., Yakuba A.Ya. Anti-Terrorism Focus of Rapproaching India and Tajikistan
Terentyev V.I. Holiday Culture as a Factor and Expression of Modern Mongolians’ National Identity
Tabeykina E.K. The Influence of the Religious Factor on the Formation of the Political and Social System of European States
Gilfanov A.R. The Republic of Tatarstan in the System of Intercultural Dialogue of the Russian Federation and UNESCO at the Present Stage
Liu Jingyuan. China's Position in Global Governance
Malsagov R.A. Islamic Radical Movements: How they are Formed and How We Distinguish Them
Khromova A.V. Russian-Iranian Relations within the Framework of Information Cooperation
Nadezhin A.D., Osyanin V.S. Cooperation Between Russia and the EU in the Context of the International Security System (1990s – 2021) and their Criticism from the Perspective of a Multipolar World

STUDENT SCIENCE

Bratkovskaya D.V., Demidova E.R., Rogova Ya.D. China's Policy in Central Asia and the Impact of the Conflict in XUAR
Deniskina A.V. Studying and Teaching History in Russia in the 18th Century
Denisov A.E. Review of the Virtual Symposium Dedicated to the 90th Anniversary of Miroslav Hroch in the Journal “Nation and Nationalism”
Zinyurov N.Sh. Regional Experience of Political Parties in Parliamentary Elections and Local Authorities
Kostina A.D., Ilinskaya K.R., Pakhmutov N.D. The Potential of the United States of America in Outer Space in the Face of New Challenges
Myasnikov D.S., Varodi A.I., Bulygin M.A. Anti-Russian Sanctions: Chronology of Imposition and its Impact on the Russian Economy

Our authors № 9-2022

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.001

A.M. YASHCHENKO Chief Specialist of the Legal Expertise Department, Administration of the Yamal region, Vil. Yar-Sale, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia

O.V. TERESHCHENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of Department of Socio-Economic and Humanitarian Disciplines, Stavropol branch of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Stavropol, Russia

K.A. USHMAEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, associate professor, Professor of Department of Socio-Economic and Humanitarian Disciplines, Stavropol branch of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Stavropol, Russia

A.S. GONCHAROV Bachelor, laboratory researcher, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

ON THE FORMATION OF THE KUBAN REGION COSSACKS’ HISTORICAL REPRESENTATIONS AT THE END OF THE XIX CENTURY

This article is devoted to the study of the most striking forms of historical ideas of the Cossacks, their transformation at the end of the XIX century. on the example of the communities of the Kuban region. The relevance is connected, on the one hand, with the need for a private study of the Cossacks’ system of thinking in the context of existing traditions, public opinion, and, on the other hand, with the methodological understanding of the philosophical teachings of M. de Unamuno on the principles of worldview of representatives of the military (service) class. The practical significance of the study is expressed in the possibility of using its results when working with modern Cossack communities, public opinion of official organizations, as well as when conducting classes on the «Cossacks’ History» in regional educational institutions. Scientific novelty lies in the rethinking of the key principles of M. de Unamuno’s intrahistory on the example of the practice of studying factual material about the peculiarities of thinking of the Cossack class. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the system of ideas as a cognitive category of thinking of the Cossacks of the Kuban region at the end of the XIX century. In the discourse of research we use: special-historical methods and methods of historical anthropology. The main methods of research are special-historical ones: the narrative method used to reveal the peculiarities of folk thinking, the historical-systemic method, the historical-typological method and the historical-comparative methods, the retrospective method, the structural and functional methods. Methods of historical anthropology («New Cultural History»): nomothetic and idiographic methods used to study universal and unique representations, respectively, the method of indices, the method of regressions, the method of principal components. The methods of the world-system theory are used as auxiliary methods. The results of the study made it possible to determine the distinctive features of thinking, the categories of ideas of the Cossacks of the Kuban region at the end of the XIX century on the example of eyewitness accounts, letters, local periodicals and components that formed personal and public opinion.

Key words: Kuban region, Cossacks, historical representation, historical memory, everyday life, activity, community.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.002

T.M. SHAVLAEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia

CHECHEN TYPE ACHALOI IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – 40S OF THE XX CENTURIES (BASED ON FIELD MATERIALS)

This article is the first attempt to study the Chechen type Achala, which is localized in the historical region of Chechnya – Cheberloy. The article examines the toponymy of the village of Achal, their interpretation is given, including the toponym Achal with several versions. The place of the village of Achal, as an administrative unit, from the 50s of the XIX century to the 40s of the XX century is considered. The economic activity of the population, as well as roads connecting the society with neighboring villages, markets where trading operations were carried out, were studied. According to sources and field data, the population of the Achal is indicated, and the places of their settlement at the present time. Considerable attention is paid to the cultural traditions and clergy of the Achal society, which have played a positive role in the formation of spiritual values.

Key words: Chechen Republic, Argun district, Achal, toponymy, population, economy, roads, markets, clergy, culture.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.003

V.I. PANTELEEV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Logistics and Marketing in the Agro-industrial Complex Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

I.I. VORONOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of History and Regional Studies St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, St. Petersburg, Russia

SALE OF FOREST FROM THE ROOT AS A FORM OF ECONOMIC REALIZATION OF STATE OWNERSHIP OF LAND IN SIBERIA IN THE LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY

The article is devoted to the activities of the forestry department for the sale of forests from the root of the forests of the only treasury possession in Siberia. The conditions of forest sale, dynamics and structure of forest releases, the influence of the first Russian Revolution and the Stolypin resettlement policy on the attempts of the state to realize its ownership of forest resources are analyzed. The authors conclude that the treasury, being the owner of the majority of Siberian forests, did not have ample opportunities to exercise its ownership rights. During the first Russian Revolution, the state was forced, under the influence of peasant protests, to expand the volume of preferential and free forest vacations to the population. During the years of the Stolypin agrarian reform, competition in the market from the peasant population, especially immigrants, was a significant factor that weakened the state's ability to extract income from state-owned forestry.

Key words: forestry, forest sale, property, Siberia, migrants.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.004

А.Е. VERАMEYCHIK Candidate of Historical Sciences (Ph.D.), Associate Professor, Belarusian State University, Faculty of History, Department of the History of Belarus of Modern and Contemporary Times, Minsk, Belarus

MATERIAL VALUES OF LARGE LAND RESIDENCES IN THE NORTH-WEST REGION OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE DURING THE MILITARY EVENTS OF THE EARLY XX СENTURY (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE NESVIZH CASTLE OF PRINCES RADZIVILLS)

The article deals with the history of the movement of the collections of cultural property of the princes Radziwills from the Nesvizh castle during the hostilities in 1915-1921. The purpose of the study was to identify ways to evacuate collections in order to prevent their looting. The main task of the study was to establish a chronological sequence in the actions of the government and the General Staff of the Russian Empire in preserving the residence of the Radziwill family during the hostilities on the territory of Belarus during the First World War in 1915-1917. Based on the principles of the dialectical method (historicism, complexity, specificity, scientific objectivity) and the introduction of new sources into scientific circulation, the author of the publication showed the ways in which the Russian government evacuated items from the Radziwill collections and the actions of the Soviet authorities to preserve the property of the Nesvizh Castle during the Soviet-Polish war of 1919-1920.

Key words: Nesvizh, princes, the Radziwill’s, collections, the First World War, the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution, The October Revolution, the Soviet-Polish war.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.005

L.V. SOLOVIEVA Teacher of Department of Socio-Economic and Humanitarian Disciplines, Stavropol branch of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Stavropol, Russia

I.V. KRYUKOVA Senior teacher of Department of Socio-Economic and Humanitarian Disciplines, Stavropol branch of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Stavropol, Russia

A.S. GONCHAROV Bachelor, laboratory researcher, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

THE TIME CATEGORY IN THE HISTORICAL REPRESENTATIONS SYSTEM OF COSSACKS OF THE KUBAN REGION (60-90S OF THE XIX CENTURY)

This article is devoted to the study of the levels of historical ideas of the Cossacks about time on the example of the Kuban communities in the second half of the XIX century. The relevance of the study is connected, on the one hand, with the need for a private study of the system of images and ideas of the Kuban Cossacks in the context of the perception of time, and, on the other hand, with the methodological understanding of the theory of the French ethnologist C. Levi-Strauss on the process of understanding the personality, the bearer of culture, oneself in historical time, when immersed in the inner world of any ethnic group or class. The practical significance of the study is expressed in the possibility of using its results when working with modern communities of Cossacks in the Krasnodar Territory, studying the public opinion of official organizations. Scientific novelty lies in rethinking the key principles of intrahistory, the levels of perception of time by a single ethnic group, taking into account the individual impressions of the individual, the peculiarities of his thinking and worldview. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the system of historical ideas about the time of the Cossacks of the Kuban region in the second half of the XIX century. In the research discourse we use: special-historical methods, methods of historical anthropology and world-system theory. The main research methods are special-historical ones: the narrative method, the historical-genetic method, the historical-systemic method, the historical-typological method and the historical-comparative methods, the retrospective method, the structural and functional methods. Methods of historical anthropology, or «New Cultural History»: nomothetic and idiographic methods, the method of indices, the method of regressions, the method of principal components. Methods of the world-system theory act as auxiliary in the study of the category of time at different levels of representations. The results of the study made it possible to determine the empirical, sensitive and sacred ideas about the time of the Kuban Cossacks, reflected in their legends, traditions and oral folk tradition.

Key words: Kuban region, Cossacks, historical representation, time, perception, impression, world outlook.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.006

V.N. KUZNETSOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Personnel Management, St. Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE IMPORTANCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CREDIT SYSTEM IN THE NORTH-WEST OF RUSSIA IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD

The article examines the importance of entrepreneurship in the development of the regional credit system, the dynamics of changes in the structure and number of credit institutions in the North-West of Russia in the 1860s. XX century. The role and place of the State Bank in the development of the system of private credit institutions, successes and shortcomings in the activities of banking houses, joint-stock commercial banks and other credit institutions are revealed, their contribution to the post-reform modernization of St. Petersburg and the North-Western region is shown.

Key words: entrepreneurship, modernization, credit and financial system, state-owned credit institutions, private credit institutions, forms of small loans.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.007

A.M. YASHCHENKO Chief Specialist of the Legal Expertise Department, Administration of the Yamal region, Vil. Yar-Sale, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia

M.A. GOLUBOV Candidate of Legal Sciences, associate professor, Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and environmental protection of the Stavropol Territory, Stavropol, Russia

A.S. GONCHAROV Bachelor, laboratory researcher, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

LEGAL BASIS FOR PROCEEDING CASES IN STANITCH COURTS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY (BY THE MATERIALS OF THE KUBAN REGION)

This article is devoted to the study of the transformation of the judicial system, the village courts of the Kuban region in the second half of the XIX century. The relevance of the study is due to the need to rethink the impact of the reforms of Alexander II and the counter-reforms of Alexander III on the formation of a unique experience in the analysis of small property and family issues in the Kuban, through the organization of stanitsa fees and courts. The practical significance of the study is expressed in the possibility of using its results in the practice of searching for the legal and self-awareness of the Kuban Cossacks, when working with modern official organizations of the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories. In the methodological aspect, the results of the study can be used at the level of a higher educational institution when conducting classes in historical and legal disciplines. Scientific novelty lies in the rethinking of the characteristic features and properties of the highest orders and local regulations of the 1860-1890s. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the system of stanitsa courts that existed in the practice of judicial proceedings of the Kuban Cossack communities in the second half of the XIX century. In the framework of this study, we use: special-historical methods and methods of the theory of law. Special historical methods include: narrative method, historical system method, historical typological method, historical modeling method, structural method, functional method. Methods of historical anthropology: nomothetic method, idiographic method, index method. Methods of the theory of law: formal-logical, historical, systemic and functional. The results of the study reveal the specifics of the functioning of decrees, orders and resolutions of the second half of the XIX century. in the context of their influence on changes in the system of stanitsa courts of the Kuban region.

Key words: Kuban region, Cossacks, court, village, service, regulation, crime.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.008

A.I. MAKINA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Fundamental Medicine, Khakas State University after N.F. Katanov, Abakan, Russia

KHAKASS CUSTOMS OF ASSISTANCE IN CATTLE BREEDING

The archaic stage of the formation of social work is characterized by the existence of forms of assistance and mutual assistance in traditional societies of different peoples, including in the field of household activities. Household forms of assistance and mutual assistance among the Khakas covered all types of management, the main of which was cattle breeding. The purpose of the study: to identify the existence of forms of assistance and mutual assistance in the field of cattle breeding in the traditional Khakass society. Objectives of the study: to give a brief description of the existence of kinship assistance in cattle breeding among Khakas; to analyze the Khakass customs of assistance in cattle breeding; to characterize the Khakass customs of assistance in the use of livestock. Research methods: systematic and comparative analysis. The period under study: the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. The results of the study: in the traditional Khakass society, in order to help relatives and members of the territorial community, there were traditions aimed at helping in cattle breeding. These traditions made it possible to improve their situation by increasing the number of livestock, to provide themselves and their families with food, to help equip the life of community members, which had a beneficial effect on the life of society as a whole. Conclusions: the identification of the existence of traditions of economic assistance and mutual assistance in cattle breeding determines the existence of a system of social assistance and support in the traditional Khakassia society, the archaic stage of the formation of social work as a social institution in the Republic of Khakassia.

Key words: mutual aid, assistance, clan, tribal community, cattle breeding, territorial community, economic assistance, Khakassia, Khakass ethnos.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.009

K.B. SADYM Cand. Sci. (National History), Assoc. Prof. Kuban State Medical University, Department of Philosophy, Psychology and Pedagogy, Krasnodar, Russia

GENESIS AND THE MAIN TENDENCIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEK NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN KUBAN

For a long time Kuban represents one of the most multinational Russian regions where representatives more than hundred nationalities live. The important factor of adaptation and simultaneously a parameter of interethnic consolidation of national minorities became national non-governmental organizations. In given clause the history of the Greek non-governmental organizations in region, forms and methods of work of the given organizations in various historical conditions is considered. There had been some voluntary organizations of different ethnic groups as well as the Greeks in the region until the Bolsheviks came to power. The area of their interests was extended to the study of their mother tongue, customs and culture. Charity played an important role in their activities. The National Voluntary Organizations as an element of cosmopolitan Kuban made a certain impact on social-political and cultural life of the region. Forms of this type of activity were changing in the region after the establishment of the Soviet regime. Charities and National Societies were prohibited and the study of the mother tongue took place within the sections of Ethnic Minority Club. It was impossible to perform educational activities in their earlier forms of the ethnic minorities in the Kuban because of the national policy of the Soviet Union in the 1930s.

Key words: Greeks, ethnic organizations, charity, "natsmen" club (national minorities center), cultural and educational activity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.010

YE.D. PAZILOV Senior lecturer of the Department "Museum Business and General History", M. Auyezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

FORMATION OF THE BASIS OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF THE KAZAKHSTAN CITY OF KENTAU IN 1940-1950

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of the development of the Karatau lead-zinc deposit and construction on the basis of the first settlements in the area of the Karatau mountains of the Kazakh city of Kentau in 1940-1950. It is noted that in the 1930s, the leadership of the USSR decided to build a plant of All-Union significance – the Achisai polymetallic combine on the basis of ore deposits in Central Asia and southern Kazakhstan. It is emphasized that the special settlers from the western regions of the USSR to Kazakhstan were those who were engaged in labor-intensive work when creating the industrial basis of the future city.

Key words: Kentau city, Achisai polymetallic Combine, special settlers, deportation, forced labor.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.011

O.V. RYABKOVA Junior researcher of the sector History and Archeology Research Department State Autonomous Institution of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug "Scientific Center for the Study of the Arctic", Salekhard, Russia

SALEKHARD FISH CANNING FACTORY DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

The article is devoted to the history of the Salekhard fish cannery during the Great Patriotic War. The materials of the State Archive of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the State Archive of the Novosibirsk Region were used as sources. The chronological framework of this article covers the pre-war period (1931-1940) and the years of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), which is due to the need to show the dynamics of the enterprise's development.

The study is based on the reporting documentation of the Salekhard fish cannery, created during the war years. On the basis of archival materials, the paper reveals the problems of the material and technical base of the enterprise, the results of the work of production and auxiliary shops that provide work at the plant are noted. The article deals with the organization of labor and the provision of labor resources for the enterprise, highlights the problem of the participation of the team in socialist competition and indicates the number of Stakhanovites, shock workers, two and three centurions who worked at the enterprise during the war years. On the basis of archival materials, the awards received by the plant in 1943 were identified, the number of workers of the plant who received the medal "For Valiant Labor during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" was determined, and their percentage ratio to the total average number of employees of the enterprise was presented.

Key words: Great Patriotic War, home front workers, production leaders, socialist competition, Yamal, Yamalo-Nenets National District, fishing industry, Salekhard cannery.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.012

D.V. BUKINA Graduate student of the Department of Recent History of Russia of Moscow Regional State University, Mytishchi, Russia

THE MINSK GHETTO IN THE MEMORIES OF PRISONERS

The article reveals the history of the Jewish ghetto in Minsk (Belorussian SSR), which existed in 1941-1944. The article is based on the memoirs of direct witnesses of the life of the Minsk ghetto, both published in the author's memoirs and collected by researchers in thematic collections; part of the archive data is published for the first time. There are the course of concentration of Jews in a certain territory, the activities of the Judenrat in the ghetto, the course of anti-Semitic actions and pogroms, the topic of the living conditions of prisoners and the activities of the anti-fascist underground. The article allows us to conclude about the criminal nature of the actions of the fascist occupation administration aimed at exterminating the Jewish people on the territory of the BSSR.

Key words: Belarussian SSR, Great Patriotic War, genocide, ghetto, Jews, Minsk ghetto, Judenrat, occupation regime, The Resistance.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.013

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia

HYMN TO THE LORD GOD (PHILOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS RESEARCH IN SEVERAL ARTICLES) PART NINE

Starting from the content of the Constitutional norm about God (part 2 of Article 67.1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) and analyzing the provisions of the Bible, religious-theological and philosophical literature, the author reveals the concepts of God, Hymn to the Lord God and forms of God glorification. Considering these concepts, the process of glorifying God is investigated.

Key words: God, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Bible, Hymn, thank the Lord God.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.014

D.S. KACHURENKO Assistant of the Department of Law of the National Research University «Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology», Moscow, Russia

SEPARATION OF POWERS AS A PHILOSOPHICAL DOCTRINE AND A MANAGERIAL PRINCIPLE: THEORETICAL ASPECTS

The doctrine of separation of powers is analyzed as a theoretical basis for resolving the contradiction between the essence of state power based on coercion to submission and the basic human needs, the main of which is the need for personal freedom. The principle of separation of powers is considered in three aspects: as an ideological and ideological principle underlying the theory of the social contract; as a theory and an element of the methodology of social sciences; as a political and legal structure underlying the design of political systems. Scientific interpretations of the principle of separation of powers are also divided into three groups. It is argued that at the applied level, the most productive is the understanding of the separation of powers as the principle of the optimal structure of the state apparatus, in which the functions and powers of the state as the bearer of a single authority are rationally distributed among the state bodies of the three branches of government.

Key words: separation of powers, state, political system, constitutionalism, theory of social contract.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.015

L.L. ARGUN 1st category guide of State Historical Museum Graduate student of the Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

WILLIAM H. RIKER'S CRITIQUE OF BEHAVIORALISM AND RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY

This paper presents a critique of behavioralism by the American scientist William Harrison Riker (1920-1993), known in political science due to the introduction of the theory of political coalitions and game theory in the study of political behavior and processes. Behavioralism as a theoretical and methodological direction of scientific knowledge in the middle of the twentieth century underwent a crisis depending on different circumstances. W.H. Riker formulates the main disadvantages of this methodological program, including the inability to approach the study of the motives and goals of an individual, attribution of behavioral models with a lack of information, leading to erroneous predictions. Rational choice theory as a new research program in political science can overcome the shortcomings of the behavioral approach. This theory, according to W.H. Riker, has a number of advantages and features: 1) the voter has rationality and has ideas about his desires; 2) all his actions are aimed at maximizing benefits and minimizing losses; 3) in the process of choosing an individual is able to analyze alternatives and can make assumptions about future scenarios of a particular choice. W.H. Riker develops the concept of rational behavior and introduces the theory of coalitions as a scenario tool participation in the political process. A political scientist within the framework of the theory of rational choice in the study of human behavior, considers not only the available actions and deeds, but also his goals and motives. Thanks to these attitudes, political research acquires clarity and transparency.

Key words: behavioralism, rational choice theory, W.H. Riker, behavioral revolution, critique of behavioralism, political behavior, the theory of political coalitions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.016

S.A. MIRONOVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF CORPORATISM IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

After a period of considerable academic attention in the 1980s, in the early 1990s, the interest of researchers in developing concepts and mechanisms for the interpretation and implementation of corporatism weakened, because it seemed that the phenomenon had lost its explanatory power and significance in the current political moment. In our time, scientists have again focused on the activities of states using corporatist methods of doing business.

The article discusses a wide range of literature on corporatism since the 1970s and examines the applicability of classical concepts in the modern period. The article analyzes various approaches to the study of corporatism in political science, and also touches upon the issues of its political practice. Based on the study of scientific literature, the author reveals the origins of the emergence of corporatism and analyzes approaches to the definition and interpretation of the term.

Within the framework of the study, the author concludes that the structural-functionalist interpretation of corporatism has caused erroneous predictions of the decline of this phenomenon as a form of policy-making, and that awareness of new manifestations of corporate policy today should remind of the forgotten processes of political exchange.

Key words: corporatism, pluralism, theory of development, interest groups, B2G, communication technologies.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.017

D.I. CHULKOV Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MECHANISMS TO COUNTER MANIPULATION AND PROPAGANDA IN THE WORKS OF G. LASSWELL AND J. DEWEY

The article is devoted to the analysis of the mechanisms of counteracting manipulation and propaganda set forth in the works of American researchers G. Lasswell and J. Dewey. The political and philosophical results of their activities is the recognition of the leading role of civil society in taking responsibility for managing their communication activities. The article reveals the basic principles of counteracting manipulation and propaganda in democratic societies. Of particular importance are the consciousness and critical thinking of citizens, the rejection of authorities, the protection of pluralism of opinions and the openness of media systems. The role of the state and corporations in this approach is reduced to a minimum.

Key words: manipulation, propaganda, civil society, democracy, digital platforms.

POLITICAL REGIONALISTICS. ETHNOPOLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.018

ZHENG NAN Candidate of Political Sciences (PhD), Assistant professor, Institute for International and Area Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

THE IMPACT OF THE TURKIC INTEGRATION PROCESS ON RUSSIA AND CHINA

The purpose of the article is to analyze the actual aspects of the impact of the Turkic integration process on the policy of Russia and China in the Central Asian region. Based on the use of event analysis, statistical and historical methods, the reconstruction of the process of Turkic integration as a significant factor correcting the foreign policy of Russia and China was carried out. As a result of historical analysis, it has been established that Turkey exerts a significant influence on a number of post-Soviet states through its political, economic and cultural activities. The support provided, especially in the field of institutionalization, has played an important role in the nationalization processes in these countries. To date, the process of Turkic integration testifies to the increasing role of Turkey in the regions that are important for the interests of Russia and China. It is concluded that the Turkish factor has a corrective effect on the economic and military-political plans of the two states, but in general is not a reason for conflict interaction.

Key words: Turkic-speaking states, integration, regional policy, Russian-Chinese cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.019

N.F. GALEEVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Ethnopolitology, R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research – OSP of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

THE ROLE OF NATIONAL CULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS IN PRESERVING ETHNIC IDENTITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE YAMALO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS OKRUG)

In the article, based on the materials of the author's field research, an attempt is made to reveal the role of national cultural organizations in preserving the ethnic identity of the population in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It is noted that, despite the multinational nature of the region, the predominant form is the all-Russian identity, significantly exceeding the ethnic one. At the same time, the ethnic component is not blurred at all, but is present, along with regional and all-Russian identity. In addition to these forms, there are also local forms, in the form of "Northerner", "Yamalets" or with the designation of belonging to a local identity, for example, their city in which this group of respondents lives. It is established that an important aspect of communication for respondents, in addition to cultural, linguistic and religious traditions, is assistance in solving work and household problems. In this vein, national cultural organizations contribute to solving social problems for representatives of their ethnic groups.

Key words: ethnicity, identity, national cultural organizations, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, regional identity, social problems, adaptation.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.020

M.F. MAGADIEV Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in the foreign policy activities of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia

STATE ADMINISTRATION IN THE SPHERE OF INFORMATION POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF HYBRID WAR

The 21st century is the era of information confrontation – Impersonal and indirect, when countries compete not only in military strength, but also in the development of information technologies that allow the citizens of any country to be subjugated from within. These technologies are important tools of hybrid wars, which today involve many leading countries of the world. In this article, the author examines the key aspects of public administration in the field of information policy of the Russian Federation in the context of a hybrid war. In conclusion, specific measures are proposed to improve the effectiveness of this policy.

Key words: anti-Russian propaganda, hybrid war, public administration, youth, information, information security, special military operation.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.021

V.I. TERENTYEV Candidate of Historical Sciences, guide-interpreter of the Novosibirsk regional public organization "Mongolian National Cultural center "Nairamdal (Friendship)", independent researcher, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

D.V. USHAKOV Candidate of Philosophy, Senior Researcher, Department of Social and Legal Research, Institute of Philosophy and Law SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

MONGOLIAN SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS IN THE HUMANITARIAN SUBJETS AS A INSTRUMENT FOR THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY

The article considers how the state, which is the main customer of educational services, forms a national identity among the population of the country through the school curriculum. More specifically, the contents of the academic disciplines such as «Civic Ethics», «Mongolian Ethics and Education», «Man and Society» and «Social Science» taught in schools throughout Mongolia are analyzed. The ethno-cultural component of educational topics in the specified subjects of the humanitarian cycle is being studied. In conclusion, the pride in their Fatherland, native culture and language is laid as the most important elements of national identity in the public consciousness of schoolchildren in Mongolia.

Key words: Mongolia, school textbooks, national identity, humanitarian disciplines, nationalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.022

XU HONG Professor of the Institute of Foreign Languages Harbin Polytechnic University, Harbin, China

THE 22nd SCO SUMMIT IS A NEW IMPULSE FOR EAEU INTEGRATION PROJECTS AND "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD"

The article is devoted to the consideration of issues related to the integration processes that take place on the territory of the Eurasian continent with the participation of projects initiated by the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the leadership of the People's Republic of China. It is noted that the Eurasian Union (EAEU) and the concept of "one belt, one road" are key projects not only for the entire Eurasian continent, but for the whole world as a whole. The summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in Samarkand in September 2022 gave a new impetus to the development of integration initiatives of China and Russia. It is emphasized that the most important link of these projects are the countries of Central Asia (CA).

Key words: SCO, EAEU, Belt and Road, China, Russia, Central Asia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.023

YIN QUN Postgraduate student of the Department of Theory and history of international relations Russian University of Friendship peoples (RUDN University), Jinan, China

E.N. GRACHIKOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and history of international relations Russian University of Friendship peoples (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE FROM AFRICA TO LATIN AMERICA: THE ROOTS OF CHINA’S INTENTION AND BEHAVIOR

In the contemporary international relations, the rise of China has contributed the global economic growth and offers significant opportunities among the Global South, meanwhile, the propaganda of the “China threat” has also dominated the strategic thinking of the US-led collective West, which is obviously a misreading. Historical evidence reflects that today’s China, as a rising star, does not and will not seek hegemony. The misunderstanding towards China among the Western countries mainly caused by lack of understanding and studying of China's unique ruling logic. Therefore, this paper analyzes the basic logic of Chinese state elites in the national and foreign policy-making, and through the interpretation and analysis of some history and policies (especially “stability” and “Belt and Road Initiative”), depicts the behavioral logic of Chinese elites. The article finds that the behavioral logic of China’s state elites is not hegemony and conquest, but a combination of pragmatism and opportunism, and of bravado and honesty, in order to consolidate their ruling power.

Key words: China, the Belt and Road initiative, International Relations, Collective West, Great power Rivalry.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.024

I.S. SYSUN History teacher, MBOU ShR "Gymnasium", Shelekhov, Russia

THE ROLE OF HISTORY TEXTBOOKS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN MONGOLIA

The article examines modern Mongolian history textbooks as a factor in the formation of the national identity of the country's population. Attention is drawn to the fact that in Mongolian history textbooks there are no specific features inherent in other national historiographies of post-socialist states. Among the distinctive features of the Mongolian national historiography is the derivation of the origin of the history of the Mongols and the Mongolian statehood from the Xiongnu Empire and the ambiguous and complex terminology of designating the states formed as a result of the collapse of the Mongolian Empire. It is concluded that in Mongolia the most important feature of modern school history textbooks is the focus on their own national culture and history, mainly associated with the state of Genghis Khan and his heirs. These accents are placed without humiliation of the historical traditions and cultures of neighboring peoples.

Key words: Mongolia, national identity, textbooks, school, history, nationalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.025

V.F. POKASOV Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

I.A. ANUPRIENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

G.I. MALYAVINA Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

A.S. GONCHAROV Bachelor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

MAGICAL PRACTICES IN THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS

The present article is devoted to the study of magical practices, rituals and ceremonies of Hellenic world in Classical and Archaic periods. The topicality of the topic is connected with the necessity of addressing a previously unexamined aspect of the history of the mentality of Ancient Greece. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the materials of the work in the further study of culture and mass magical practices of Greek magicians and oracles. In the methodological aspect of the study materials can be used in courses on history and cultural disciplines at the higher education institution. The scientific novelty of the study is associated with a new private aspect of mentality and everyday life in ancient Greece in the period under consideration. The methodological apparatus included special historical, sociological and culturological methods. Special historical methods: narrative method, ideographic method, historical-genetic method, historical-systemic method, historical-typological method, historical-comparative method, problem-chronological method, historical periodization method, historical modelling method, reconstructive method, structural method, functional method, method of actualization of historical knowledge. Sociological methods: document analysis, method of expert evaluation, method of paired comparisons, method of ideal types. Culturological methods: modelling of transformative cultural practices, cultural-genetic method, cultural-systemic method, method of analysis of everyday culture, method of analysis of game culture, semiotic method, comparative method. The result of the study was the confirmation of the author's hypothesis that the disappearance of magical practices in the everyday life of the ancient Greeks was due to the fact that they contradicted the cult mentality and turned not to the divine nature of the world, but to Chaos, the mythological original.

Key words: Greece, everyday life, magic, myth, cult, rite, amulet.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.026

URPER MEHMET Senior lecturer of the department international humanitarian relations St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

FOUNDATIONS OF CULTURAL DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMING THE MECHANISMS OF CONSOLIDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL IDENTITY OF THE TURKISH STATE IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: FEATURES OF THE COMPREHENSIVE COMPLEX OF APPROACHES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT PARTY (AKP) TO IMPLEMENTATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT "SOFT POWER"

The presented article is devoted to the study at the beginning of the 21st century of the issue of the role and significance of the cultural and diplomatic component in the process of implementing the foreign policy program and the activity of the Republic of Turkey on a regional and global scale. In parallel with this, the emphasis is placed on defining the concept of the picture of the world of cultural and mental consciousness against the background of the society of the Turkic and Muslim societies, which is of particular necessity and is extremely relevant for the full demonstration of the features of cultural identity as the main source in order to ensure the national state status of the sovereignty of modern Turkey. On the world stage. In this context, within the framework of this topical topic, the subject of research is the question of the evolution of the form of manifestation of the cultural diplomatic orientation in modern Turkish politics in the period of republicanism and in the period of the AKP. That is, during the period of representatives of the Kemalist state power with the principles of classical republicanism and representatives of a new form of cultural political model with the ideological legacy of the era of rule of the geopolitical space of the Ottoman Empire.

At the same time, the purpose of this study is to compile the most objective picture of the effectiveness and dynamics of the active foreign policy actions of the Turkish government by attracting attracted international organizations to stimulate a favorable image of Turkey in different countries and regions of the world space. Along with this, the article analyzes the influence of cultural values on the mechanisms of the dynamics of Turkey’s foreign policy program, specifically, if, then what form of political diplomacy contributes to the implementation of the concept of “Imperialism 2.0.” – republican character. It is important to say here that in the modern system of international relations, interstate ties are strengthened taking into account the cultural factor of different societies.

Key words: cultural diplomacy, Turkey, Turkic world, international relations, pan-Islamism, Central Asia, Middle East.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.027

K.H. RAKHIMOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Assistant of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia; Doctoral student of the Institute of Asian and African Countries Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

S.V. FEDINA Master's Student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

S.H. KHOLOV Master's student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

A.YA. YAKUBA Master's Student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ANTI-TERRORISM FOCUS OF RAPPROACHING INDIA AND TAJIKISTAN

The creation of a stable and safe regional environment is an extremely important element of the socio-economic development of states and the region as a whole. One of the factors destabilizing the regional and domestic situation is the spread of extremism and terrorism. Socio-economic development is, on the one hand, a tool to eliminate the causes of terrorism and extremism, on the other hand, this tool itself needs to be protected from carriers of systemic violence in the face of existing terrorist structures. In this regard, even in the absence of common initiatives and projects, the states have a common interest - the elimination of the terrorist threat. It is the elimination of such a threat that will allow, regardless of whether the states develop joint projects in the future or not, each state will develop in the way it considers most appropriate. Since terrorism is today a multifaceted and increasingly complex phenomenon in modern international life, states, especially those from the same region with common challenges, should cooperate both at the bilateral level and within broader security structures and organizations in order to develop common mechanisms for responding to terrorist threats, to synchronize law enforcement and law enforcement practices in this area. In this article, we will look at how all of the above affects the rapprochement between Tajikistan and India in the field of security.

Key words: security, security structures, counter-terrorism, extremism, socio-economic planning, Af-Pak, One Belt One Road, reproduction, economic development, terrorist structures, interest.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.028

HOLIDAY CULTURE AS A FACTOR AND EXPRESSION OF MODERN MONGOLIANS’ NATIONAL IDENTITY

The article deals with modern transformations of traditional holidays in Mongolia. Attention is drawn to the high role of traditionalism in the entire Mongolian culture and, in particular, festivities. The purpose of the article is to identify modern features in the holiday culture of Mongolia. Research objectives – classification of holidays into national, «commemorative dates» and non-traditional; the study of public criticism of certain counterproductive aspects of the holiday culture; analysis of public policy regarding holidays.

The main methods are long-term participant observation and analysis of the Mongolian media. Results – the most important holidays in modern Mongolia continue to be Tsagaan Sar and Naadam, perceived by the Mongols, by default, as traditional and popular. The nature of Mongolians' involvement in the festive process demonstrates the degree of their ethnicity and the manifests the scale of national identity. The two main holidays act as a way of realizing and experiencing oneself as part of a single nation and as a representative of a particular aimag.

Conclusions. The space of holidays is a serious factor in the further development of the Mongolians national identity and a clear example of how real social problems are hushed up, and attempts to discuss them are perceived as attacks on the traditions, values and culture of the people.

Key words: Mongolia, national holidays, national identity, ethnicity, nationalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.029

E.K. TABEYKINA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History and Pedagogy Kazan State Energy University, Kazan, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF THE RELIGIOUS FACTOR ON THE FORMATION OF THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SYSTEM OF EUROPEAN STATES

The paper points out that almost from the very beginning of the origin of world civilizations, religion has had a significant impact on all processes taking place in human life and society. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that religion has always exerted its influence on foreign policy. "Faith-based diplomacy", if used correctly, can become a useful tool of foreign policy strategy. Religion is a part of civil society, so the state tries to maintain a loyal attitude towards it. The purpose of the work is to study the degree of influence of the religious factor on the formation of foreign policy in the XXI century. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that in any state there is a percentage of believers who are able to influence the political and social order.

Key words: religion, civilization, society, politics, state, diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.030

A.R. GILFANOV Graduate student, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND UNESCO AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The author conducted a comprehensive analysis of the structure and practice of managing World Heritage sites in the Russian Federation. Using the example of cultural heritage objects of the Republic of Tatarstan, the main stages of their inclusion in the List and implementation of management plans are revealed. Of the 20 UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Sites on the territory of the Russian Federation, only 4 have management plans. For the first time, this practice was applied when the Bulgarian Historical and Archaeological Complex was included in the List. The development of this document and its improvement taking into account national practices for domestic facilities is still an open question. The author noted a number of studies affecting some aspects of the issue under consideration, which are of particular value for research in this field.

Key words: UNESCO, ICOMOS, Republic of Tatarstan, Renaissance Foundation, cultural heritage, preservation of cultural heritage, management plan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.031

LIU JINGYUAN Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S POSITION IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

The article analyzes China's position in the global governance system from three dimensions: "managed" status, rights and obligations, and identity. To study the changes of China's status in the global governance system since the founding of New China. The conclusion is that the change of China's status in the global governance system is essentially determined by China's strength, and China's participation in global governance reflects China's status in global governance. China's identity has become increasingly clear, reflecting China's ambition to participate in global governance. In the future, China will pay more attention to its own position in the global governance system.

Key words: global governance, system, China, position, identity, reform, openness.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.032

R.A. MALSAGOV Postgraduate student, Department of History of Social and Political Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ISLAMIC RADICAL MOVEMENTS: HOW THEY ARE FORMED AND HOW WE DISTINGUISH THEM

In the times of socio-political instability, when the whole socio-political and economic institutional trajectory is being challenged, the radical movements are getting more and more attention. They provide people with a simple “ingroup-outgroup” dichotomy and a somewhat stable and coherent worldview and line of reasoning, challenging the fragile mainstream approach. Islamic radicalism might be considered one of those movements that constitute a noteworthy case of social mobilization. This article is an attempt to approach this well-known and yet not sufficiently studied phenomenon.

Key words: radicalism, extremism, Islamism, fundamentalism, ummah, Sharia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.033

A.V. KHROMOVA Postgraduate student of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN-IRANIAN RELATIONS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF INFORMATION COOPERATION

The purpose of this work is to analyze the information sphere and its regional features between Russia and Iran in the current geopolitical situation. In addition, the integration of the latest news and trends in the relations development between the two countries have been analyzed.

The methodological and theoretical bases of the study consist of the methods of comparative analysis using the works of Russian and Foreign experts with the involvement of the Internet resources.

The research problem is the specificity of relations in the field of information cooperation between Iran and Russia in the conditions of active development of information technologies in the current alignment of forces in the world.

Iran is an important political player in the Caspian region, cooperation with which promises Russia an increase in influence in the world. Relations between Iran and Russia have always been ambiguous, but the connection between the two states remains alive, as each side benefits from cooperation with each other.

Russia and Iran have a great growth potential. It explains by the common interests among which are the creation of a safe information zone for both countries and the unification of the countries of the Caspian region, which are historically isolated from countries considered developed. Russia offers Iran what it is interested in including providing of military power, assisting in the extraction of fuels and their transportation, creating a coalition in order to protect the borders. The steps taken in the field of information cooperation are important milestones on the way to creating close cooperation against a unipolar, europeanized world.

Key words: Caspian region, information space, geopolitical interests, cold war, information security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.034

A.D. NADEZHIN Postgraduate student of the Department of International Relations, World Politics and Diplomacy of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (KFU); advisor, State Duma of the Russian Federation, Kazan, Russia

V.S. OSYANIN Postgraduate student of the Department of International Relations, World Politics and Diplomacy of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (KFU); Lecturer, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (KFU), Kazan, Russia

COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE EU IN THE CONTEXT OF THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM (1990s – 2021) AND THEIR CRITICISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF A MULTIPOLAR WORLD

The article analyzes the places of Russia's cooperation and application on international security issues in the field of the formation of a multipolar world system. Both the EU and the EU are currently witnessing a crisis not only in relations with their partners, but also in a number of structures exposed to the consequences of extended demilitarization at the turn of the century, as well as in US policy towards its exercising allies. In such conditions of uncertainty, a constant dialogue between the economy and consumption is especially important, which minimizes the tension associated with the events of recent years, as well as with upcoming long-term projects. This article talks about a number of problems and prospects for cooperation between the European Union and Russia in international security. Based on the results of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that maintaining both a bilateral dialogue between the Russian Federation and the EU, and interaction with the member states of the European Union, is necessary to strengthen cooperation between neighboring countries for stability and security in the region. The most productive areas of potential cooperation were identified, as well as the most relevant projects that require special relations and close interaction between the structures of the Russian Federation and the EU in the sense of collective security in a strategic perspective.

Key words: international security, European Union multipolar world, Russian Federation, neighborly policy, OSCE.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.035

D.V. BRATKOVSKAYA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

E.R. DEMIDOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

YA.D. ROGOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

CHINA'S POLICY IN CENTRAL ASIA AND THE IMPACT OF THE CONFLICT IN XUAR

The countries of Central Asia and China have similar interests and goals in foreign policy. They strive to strengthen national security, develop their economic potential, and integrate economies. These states have reached an understanding that without joint action in the fight against terrorism and extremism and economic integration, peace in a region divided ethnically and religiously will be difficult to achieve.

The development of Xinjiang as part of the PRC has improved the situation of the population of the region and made cooperation with Beijing more attractive with border countries. However, progress in economic development is overshadowed by national and domestic politics. The establishment of a police regime, as well as the establishment of so-called re-education camps, seriously damaged China's international prestige and did not help to establish harmonious relations between different ethnic groups. The Xinjiang factor plays an important role in China's relations with Central Asia. The region connects Central Asia and China, the trade turnover of the states passes through it. China's domestic policy in the XUAR seriously influences the Central Asian states' opinion of the PRC.

In this article, the author analyzes the foreign policy of the PRC in the vector of Central Asia and the impact exerted on it by the country's internal interethnic conflict in the territory of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Key words: international relations, foreign policy, Asia-Pacific region, Central Asia, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, ethnic policy, socio-economic development, security, religious extremism, interethnic conflict, Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.036

A.V. DENISKINA Magister, State Humanitarian and Technological University, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Moscow Region, Russia

STUDYING AND TEACHING HISTORY IN RUSSIA IN THE 18TH CENTURY

The article analyzes the main trends in the formation of new methods in the study and teaching of history in the 18th century. The 18th century is a period of radical changes in all spheres of public life of the Russian state and society as a whole. The century that brings new trends from the West, the study of Russian history by outstanding scientists of that time is taking place, an approximate structure of conducting and studying the history of Russia at different stages of education is being created, all this creates a general spectrum of studying history as a subject in schools, gymnasiums, universities.

Key words: pedagogy, history, education, educational institutions of the 18th century.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.037

A.E. DENISOV Candidate of political sciences, Senior lecturer Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Department of Conflictology, Kazan, Russia

REVIEW OF THE VIRTUAL SYMPOSIUM DEDICATED TO THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF MIROSLAV HROCH IN THE JOURNAL “NATION AND NATIONALISM”

On June 14, 2022, Miroslav Hoch, being one of the most famous historians, sociologists and political scientists of our time, pioneering in the study of nationalism and national movements among small nations, turned 90 years old. In this review, we have analyzed 12 essays by recognized experts in this field of knowledge. All essays are not similar to each other and are quite critical in their content. Completely different topics are touched upon: from the analysis of individual theoretical positions of M. Hroch's works to the applicability of his concepts to the study of cases outside Europe. The essays of the authors presented in the review contain a wealth of informative material that will be of interest to a wide range of specialists.

Key words: conflict of interests, culture, M. Hroch, nationalism, national movements, nation, symposium, ethnicity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.038

N.SH. ZINYUROV Master's student, "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov", Ulyanovsk, Russia

REGIONAL EXPERIENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES

The political system is an integral part of public life. She has always played an important role in the lives of people and state authorities. It is politics that determines and regulates the vector of development of the state and society. In the current conditions, most people express their willingness to participate in the political life of the country to solve urgent problems on which its development depends. This task can be solved by determining the real significance and place of regional branches of political parties in solving socio-political and economic problems identified by the Russian state authorities in the country. The author attempts to trace the formation and activity of political regional parties on the example of the Ulyanovsk region in the 2000s. The main sources were foundational documents and collections, as well as periodicals and Internet resources.

Key words: political party, elections, law, Ulyanovsk region, United Russia, Communist Party, LDPR.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.039

A.D. KOSTINA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

K.R. ILINSKAYA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

N.D. PAKHMUTOV Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE POTENTIAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN OUTER SPACE IN THE FACE OF NEW CHALLENGES

In modern times, outer space is actively integrating into the system of international relations and is increasingly becoming a platform for various interactions, including the interstate level. The competition between the leaders of the world arena is entering a new space, leaving the Earth.

In the article, the author refers to the state, which occupies a leading position, has enormous weight and influence in the international environment – the United States of America. The US potential is undeniable, and its space part is no exception. The study of America's space potential is relevant in modern realities, since space remains unexplored and fully legally undefined due to the lack of unified legal regulation, based on which the arms race and competition of states outside the earth's surface is a field for research, full of unpredictable conclusions and outcomes.

The article examines the potential and the process of formation of the current US space corps, as well as the challenges that arise in the way of the implementation of American space programs.

Key words: international relations, foreign policy, space policy, security, superpowers, China, Russia, USA, scientific and technological progress, confrontation, outer space, space exploration, world leadership, arms race, lunar program.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.90.9.040

D.S. MYASNIKOV Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.I. VARODI Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

M.A. BULYGIN Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

ANTI-RUSSIAN SANCTIONS: CHRONOLOGY OF IMPOSITION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY

Economic sanctions, unfortunately, have now become part of Russia's economic and political reality. Sanctions are imposed on a variety of sectors of the economy, which, in turn, cannot but affect the ongoing state policy.

The article discusses the chronology of the application of anti-Russian sanctions, analyzes their impact on the internal economic development of Russia, and also provides a predictive analysis of how the imposed sanctions measures will affect the future prosperity of the state.

The significance and severity of sanctions against Russia by 2022 has increased significantly. They began to affect the vital areas of export from the country: the sale of oil and natural gas. Unfortunately, in the context of the ongoing military-political crisis in Ukraine, the final list of sanctions against the Russian Federation has not yet been formed, and it can be significantly expanded in the near future.

Key words: international relations, foreign policy, sanctions, reasons, consequences, Russian Federation, European Union, USA, Russian economy, economic threat, chronology.

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