Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 13. Issue 1 (94), 2023

CONTENTS

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

STUDENT SCIENCE

Our authors № 1-2023

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.001

I.V. UPOROV Doctor of History, Ph.D., Professor, Krasnodar, Russia

M.R. KHOKONOVA Ph.D., Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Krasnodar, Russia

"GENERAL SEARCH" AND "SEARCH IN HOUSES" IN THE NORMS OF THE CODE OF LAWS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

The article discusses the features of the criminal procedure regulation of two investigative actions (“general search” and “search in houses”) in the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire of 1832 (vol. 15). It is noted that the legislator prescribed the recording of investigative actions, describing in detail their various aspects. The general search as an independent investigative action ceased to operate within the framework of the investigative and judicial reforms from the middle of the 19th century.

Key words: investigative actions, code of laws, general search, house search, testimony, criminal process.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.002

T.V. ERSHOVA Doctor of History, professor, professor of the department of History of Russia, Moscow City University, Institute of Humanities, Department of Russian History, Moscow, Russia

А.М. ROGACHEV Graduate, Moscow City University Institute of Humanities, Department of Russian History, Moscow, Russia

PENENTIAL LETTERS FROM STRIKEBREAKERS ON THE PAGES OF THE BOLSHEVIST NEWSPAPER «PRAVDA» ON THE EVE OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR

The article, based on materials from the Bolshevik newspaper Pravda, examines the issue of using penitential letters from strikebreakers as a way to return workers expelled from the professional community back to the environment of organized workers. The structure of the letters is analyzed, the reasons for the strikebreaking are identified. The conclusion is made about the effectiveness of the practice of informing the working people through the workers newspapers about specific strikebreakers and using the boycott to fight them.

Key words: strikebreaker, labor movement, labor relations, Pravda newspaper, letters of repentance.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.003

M.S. GRIGORIEV Candidate of political sciences, professor Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia

GENOCIDE IN THE PRACTICE OF UKRAINIAN NATIONALISM IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY (PART I)

In the article the author analyzes the foundations of Ukrainian nationalism. He notes that since the beginning of the 20th century, Ukrainian nationalism has been built on the basis of ideas about the superiority of the “Ukrainian nation” and the need to organize ethnic cleansing of Jews, Poles, Russians and other peoples. Like fascism, or rather Nazism, the organization of genocide has become a practice of Ukrainian nationalism. The author describes cases of manifestations of genocide in the practice of Ukrainian nationalism.

Key words: genocide, nationalism, Ukrainian nationalism, ideology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.004

V.V. GOLENKO Archimandrite Athanasius (Golenko), Sergiev Posad, Russia

HISTORICAL PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF ETHNO-CULTURAL AND ETHNO-CONFESSIONAL FEATURES OF TRANSCARPATHIA

This article examines the historical prerequisites for the formation of ethno-cultural and ethno-confessional features of Transcarpathia, as well as analyzes the current state of Transcarpathian national culture and minorities that prevail in the region. The author reveals the significance of the ethno-cultural and ethno-confessional features of Transcarpathia, their common fusion and distinctive features, analyzes the programs that exist in Transcarpathia, with the help of which the national features of the region are formed.

Key words: ethnopolitics, historical background, national culture, ethno-cultural and ethno-confessional features, national minorities, regionalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.005

WANG WEI Senior lecturer Heihe University, China

EXAMPLES AND ANALYSIS OF THE PROTECTION AND INHERITANCE OF THE INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE EVENK (OROKEN) ETHNIC GROUP IN RUSSIA IN THE AMUR RIVER BASIN

Important changes are taking place in today's global cultural space due to the post-industrial stage of development to which all the leading cranes of the world have moved. These cardinal shifts have a direct impact on the cultural process, the specificity and identity of which acquire new significance in terms of the country's image, the growth of regional and local cultural identity of the regions, competitiveness and investment attractiveness. In this context, protection, preservation of historical, cultural and intangible heritage and development of traditional culture are of particular importance. In view of the above, the aim of the article is to analyze and examine examples of protection of the cultural heritage of the Evenk (orochon) ethnic group in Russia. Objectives: 1) to study the theoretical essence of intangible cultural heritage and its content; 2) to outline the organizational mechanism that ensures the protection and preservation of intangible cultural heritage; 3) to conduct analysis using concrete examples of projects to protect and develop the culture of the peoples of the North. Methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematization, generalization. Results – in the process of research the methods and ways of support, preservation and popularization of culture, customs and traditions of the Evenks existing today in Russia were studied. The diversity of the realized projects, which significantly contribute to the protection and expansion of the intangible cultural heritage of the Evenks through song, dance, art, design, language competitions, was outlined. Conclusions. Today in Russia an instrumental concept of protection of ethnic minorities' cultural heritage is being successfully implemented, which effectively combines public and private initiatives.

The Foundation's project: "Comparative study on the preservation and Inheritance of the intangible Cultural Heritage of the Orochon (Evenk) people in the Amur River basin" is a research project of fundamental scientific research of Heihei University in 2022, project number YDP202203.

Key words: culture, traditions, protection, Evenks, Russia, customs.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.006

M.A. IVANOV Lecturer of the Department of Complex Humanities of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

NIZHNY NOVGOROD MERCHANT DYNASTIES AT THE END OF THE 18TH – BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY. SOURCES OF FORMATION AND GNEOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS

This article is devoted to the study of the Nizhny Novgorod merchant dynasties of the late XVIII – early XX century. In the course of the work carried out, it was possible to identify the sources of their formation in the pre-reform and post-reform period. Determine the specifics of the succession of family capital. As well as the conditions for the suppression of merchant dynasties. Based on the sources and literature involved, the contribution of representatives of the Nizhny Novgorod merchants to the socio-economic development of the region was shown.

Key words: merchant class, estate, dynasty, capital guild, trade, industry.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.007

A.G. YAKUPOV Postgraduate student of the Higher School of Historical Sciences and World Cultural Heritage, Institute of International Relations, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia

INTERACTION OF THE KAZAN CITY DUMA WITH STATE FINANCIAL CONTROL BODIES: ASPECT OF THE REVISION WORK OF 1871-1875

The article examines the reporting activity of the Kazan City Duma in 1871-1875, which is the most important stage of the activity of the city self-government body, forming a full picture of the process of changes in its structure after the transformations of Alexander II. The study of the reporting work of the city duma allows us to consider the degree of development and quality of the management model created in post-reform Russia, since it is during the audit process that the entire Duma potential is used, which makes it possible to identify shortcomings in the work. The author showed that the approval of the new model of audit work met with certain difficulties. As a result of the study, the bureaucratic shortcomings of the activities of the provincial control Chamber, the body controlling the reporting work of the Kazan City Duma, were considered, which was expressed in the long time of requesting additional reporting documentation and the periodic requirement of documents for earlier periods. In addition, it was revealed that the Kazan Provincial Board of the Ministry of Internal Affairs went beyond the powers established in the City Regulations of 1870, which was expressed in an unlawful requirement to the Kazan City Duma to provide accounting documentation. The article notes the positive aspects of the reporting work of the Kazan City Duma, which created a temporary preparatory commission of diverse high-class specialists for the audit.

Key words: revision work, local authorities, city duma, post-reform Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.008

V.V. GOLENKO Archimandrite Athanasius (Golenko), Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF THE WOODEN CULT ARCHITECTURE OF TRANSCARPATHIA

The task of analyzing religious construction on the territory of the Transcarpathian region is accompanied by the condition to detail the features of the style in wooden architecture. In the past, cult architecture turned to wood more often because of the easy accessibility of the material and the relatively low price, technological feasibility of processing types. Wooden structures and elements have no restrictions on the seasonality of creation and installation. The benefit of the decision to build a temple from wood against stone was also in the microclimate of the room: the former is drier and warmer. It is logical that in the Old Russian lands it was wooden architecture that was ahead of other options in the line of building materials. On the tree as the basis of the cult architecture of the masters, works on historical and art history topics have been published since the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. But a full-fledged analysis of achievements in wooden sacred construction is complicated by the fact that the temples are currently characterized by poor preservation, the appearance has not been refreshed, redevelopment, restructuring and modernization have been carried out, hiding the nature of the "original source".

Key words: Wooden temples, Transcarpathia, analysis. Architecture, culture.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.009

M.B. ALLANYAZOV Postgraduate student of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

PREPARATION FOR THE NATIONAL-TERRITORIAL THE DEMARCATION OF CENTRAL ASIA

The article discusses the preparation of the national-territorial demarcation in Central Asia, when after the arrival of Soviet power in Central Asia, not only separate republics, but also autonomous regions appeared. Since that moment, the national policy in Central Asia has become the subject of attention of many people that there is still a discourse and a dispute between individual politicians and representatives of other nationalities living in this region about the correctness of the national-territorial demarcation in Central Asia.

An integrated approach to the study of the topic has led to the use of common methods of historical research: comparative historical analysis for, historical description, statistical methods. Research about was carried out in a historical-problem-analytical manner.

The source base of the study is archival documents, published materials and literature. A significant group of sources are published materials of party congresses and conferences.

Key words: National demarcation, Soviet power, Central Asia, national politics, Turkestan, Communist Party, Republic, reform, dehkan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.010

V.G. KOROSTELEVA Postgraduate student of the Department of National History, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafyev, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

MORTALITY IN THE VILLAGES OF THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY IN THE POST-WAR YEARS

The purpose of the article is to determine the dynamics and establish the factors of mortality of the rural population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 1946-1950.

The study used modernization theory as a methodological basis. The essence of changes in the rural population is explained by the theory of demographic transition, which is complemented by the concept of epidemiological transition. In the work, along with general scientific and historical methods, demographic and statistical research methods were used.

The article analyzes the mortality rate of the rural population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the first post-war five-year period. Its dynamics and the main causes are considered. The age and sex composition of the deceased is determined, which gives an idea of the proportions of male and infant mortality in the overall structure of mortality of the population. The interrelation of the mortality of villagers with the social processes taking place in the country is established, and the influence of the famine of 1946-1947 on the mortality rates of the population is determined. The indicators of rural and urban areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are compared with similar ones in the RSFSR as a whole. It is concluded that the mortality rates in the villages of the Krasnoyarsk Territory had characteristic features.

Key words: mortality, morbidity, sex and age composition, mortality structure, Krasnoyarsk Territory, rural population, demographic processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.011

A.I. POTVOROV Candidate of Historical Sciences, D. in History at the Department of Russian History of the Bryansk State University named after Academician I.G. Petrovskiy, Bryansk, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF SPECIAL MILITARY TRAINING IN RUSSIAN FOLK SCHOOLS ON THE EVE OF WORLD WAR I

World War I, due to its scale and length in time, changed the usual course of life, causing the problems associated with it in the upbringing of the younger generation. By its beginning the problem of military-patriotic education in pre-revolutionary Russia had quite a long history and its formation was largely facilitated by Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, which demonstrated the shortcomings of the Russian army. The article considers the initial stage of the discussion of the issues related to military training of youth, reflecting the position of the Military Ministry and the Ministry of National Education. The author also touches upon the problem of private initiatives in the creation of children's organizations of the so-called "poteshniki".

Key words: military-patriotic education, "poteshnykh", periodicals, Russian-Japanese war, Ministry of National Education, World War I.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.012

L.S. GRISHNEVSKAYA Applicant for the department domestic history Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University I.N. Ulyanova, Ulyanovsk, Russia

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TELEVISION AND BROADCASTING IN THE ULYANOVSK REGION IN 1943-1970

In the article, the author made an attempt on the basis of archival documents to investigate the formation and development of broadcasting in the Ulyanovsk region and the construction of television centers. Considering that the first radio program was released in March 1943, that is, in the midst of the Great Patriotic War against Nazi Germany. Despite all the difficulties of restoring the country after the war, the USSR government decides on the development of radio broadcasting in the country. Also, as in any branch of the national economy, the development of broadcasting in the Ulyanovsk Territory had its own difficulties and problems, mainly in the supply of equipment to the Ulyanovsk Region.

The difficulties in commissioning television and radio broadcasting facilities were analyzed. The work highlighted the activities of local authorities and their interaction with republican ministries to eliminate emerging difficulties and solve the issue of covering the broadcasting network throughout the Ulyanovsk Territory.

Key words: television, radio broadcasting, information, television center, radio broadcasting, TV, radio point, repeater, war, fascism, regional executive committee.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.013

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia

HYMN TO THE LORD GOD (PHILOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS RESEARCH IN SEVERAL ARTICLES) ARTICLE THIRTEEN

Starting from the content of the Constitutional norm about God (part 2 of Article 67.1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) and analyzing the provisions of the Bible, religious-theological and philosophical literature, the author reveals the concepts of God, Hymn to the Lord God and forms of God glorification. Considering these concepts, the process of glorifying God is investigated.

Key words: God, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Bible, Hymn, thank the Lord God.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.014

V.R. VAKILOVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of Fundamental Legal and Socio-Humanitarian Disciplines of the Synergy University, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL INSTITUTION AS AN OBJECT OF RESEARCH IN THE HISTORY OF SOCIO-POLITICAL THOUGHT

The concept of a political institution as a complex of certain phenomena and facts has changed throughout the formation of political thought. Today, a political institution as an object of research has a significant heuristic potential and is one of the significant units of political analysis. In this regard, there is a need for a more detailed study of this definition, which this article is devoted to.

Key words: political institution, public association, institute, social relations, value system, normativity.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.015

N.V. MIKHAYLOVA Doctor of political sciences, Professor of the Department of National and Federal Relations of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

K.A. GABDULLIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

D.E. BELTYUKOV Graduate student Department of Management of the A.N. Kosygin Russian State University, Moscow, Russia

YOUTH POLICY IN RUSSIA ON THE THRESHOLD OF GLOBAL TRANSFORMATION

The article is devoted to youth policy in the Russian Federation, the role of the government and society in education of young people in the situation of global informational confrontation. The concept of the theory of absorption of media content is introduced, which provides a justification for creating systems of analysis, accounting and forecasting of individual characteristics of the young person.

Key words: Youth, youth policy, government, information, Internet.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.016

O.T. ABBASOV Senior lecturer of the department fundamental legal and social and humanitarian disciplines MFPU "Synergy", Moscow, Russia

FINANCING OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN RUSSIA

This article is devoted to the problem of financing political parties in the Russian Federation. The article discusses the sources of financing of domestic political parties. The purpose of the article is to analyze the list of sources of income for political parties, the tasks are to identify the types of sources used by political parties in Russia in the pre-revolutionary period, in the period of a one-party system and in modern periods. The study uses dialectical and comparative methods. It is concluded that for more than a century of the history of the existence of domestic political parties, the list of possible sources of funding has not undergone significant changes. Currently, the most significant source for the leading political parties in Russia is state funding.

Key words: financing of political parties, entrance and membership fees, donations, business income, public funding.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.017

M.V. AFONIN PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Human Rights of the Russian state social university, Moscow, Russia

S.A. KUDRYAVTSEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Applied political work of the Russian State social university, Moscow, Russia

A.L. KRIVOVA Lecturer at the department of human rights Russian State Social university, Moscow, Russia

CIVIL IDENTITY AND ITS STRENGTHENING IN MODERN RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the concepts of civil and national identity and their relevance for the successful foreign and domestic policy of modern Russia, the results of the research by the author of this topic on the basis of scientific publications, opinion polls, individual interviews with representatives of the Russian establishment (related to the shapers of public opinion), legislative acts are given. suggestions of ways to strengthen civic identity in modern Russia.

Key words: civic identity, citizenship, national identity, nationalism, values, national idea, political participation, democracy.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.018

I.V. GONCHAROVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Social Technologies at Faculty of Sociology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

TRANSFORMATION OF THE EDUCATION TOWARDS DIGITAL INTEGRATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The integration of education was a reflection of the social processes taking place in the society. Having emerged as labor integration at the turn of the bourgeois revolutions, the integration of education went through various stages. Currently, as a reflection of the pandemic and the total and forced tranformation towards the distance learning, there is a fifth stage of educational development – digital integration.

Key words: integration of education, stages, labour school, intersubject connections, digital integration of education.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.019

P.A. SOFRONOV Senior Lecturer of the Department of History, Social Science and Political Science, Faculty of History, North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia

YU.G. STEPANOVA Graduate student of the Faculty of History, North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia

THE MUNICIPAL FORMATION "BELLETSKY EVENKI NATIONAL NASLEG" IN THE CONDITIONS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

The main problem of the research of the article is the analysis of the role and importance of domestic reindeer husbandry for the indigenous peoples of the North. The preservation of reindeer husbandry as a traditional occupation of the inhabitants of Belletsky Nasleg is considered as a process of human inclusion in the modern system of economic relations, assimilation of political orientations and patterns of behavior. Reindeer husbandry is defined as a stable idea of the various qualities of an individual people.

Key words: indigenous peoples of the North, national policy, reindeer husbandry, traditional forms of economy.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.020

SH.S. SULEIMANOVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor at the Department of Public Relations and Media Policy Faculty of Journalism, IGSU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

INFORMATION BATTLE AND SECURITY IN THE MODERN WORLD

The article is devoted to one of the topical problems of our time – the information confrontation between countries. In the modern world, there are many discussions about the influence of the media space on the formation of public opinion, how information and communication technologies affect global politics, business, economics, education and personal relationships. In the last decade, information management capabilities have increased significantly. The consequences of this in matters of ensuring the national security of the country are only beginning to be fully realized. It is noted that information is, in its essence, a psychological weapon, which, by influencing the consciousness of the population, can cause significant damage to the enemy side. Thus, information becomes on a par with the types of weapons already familiar to military conflicts.

Key words: information confrontation, public opinion, information and communication technologies, manipulations, information policy, media space, mass media.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.021

N.N. RAVOCHKIN Dr. in Philosophy, Associate Professor Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogical Technologies Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy; Professor at the Department of History, Philosophy and Social Sciences Kuzbass State Technical University named after T.F. Gorbachev Kemerovo, Russia

MULTITEMPORALITY IN THE POST-COLONIAL WORLD

The presence of states in the individual "time zone" of social time is the most important in building the logic of interactions in the modern world system. The unpredictability that has become inherent in everything and everything, from supranational interactions to social objects at the local level, has demanded from political science more attention to the problem of time perception. It is the peculiarities of experiencing and living individual historical segments that constitute the multitemporality of the modern world. The article deals with the entry of the countries of the post-colonial world into multitemporality. The initial differences between the colonizing countries and the periphery, which largely determined the appearance of the modern world-system, are analyzed. The features of the collective memory of the states of the postcolonial world are revealed. The main vectors are determined and the trajectories of the import of liberal democratic ideas, institutions and practices are drawn. In conclusion, the results are summed up and directions for future research are outlined.

Key words: temporality, society, power, institution, import, idea, time.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.022

B.Kh. DIVANKULIEVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, senior lecturer of the department archeology and ethnology Turkmen State Magtymguly University, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

REFLECTION OF TURKMEN WEDDING RITUALS IN LITERARY WORKS

The article analyzes the wedding customs and rituals of the Turkmens on the basis of literary material. It is shown that literary works represent a rich realistic material on the traditional ethnography of the Turkmens, as well as new phenomena in culture and life. The possibilities of a literary work as a historical and ethnographic source are noted. It is concluded that such sources may contain ethnographic information, which is scarce or absent in the specialized literature.

Key words: ethnography, Turkmen people, literary work, traditions, wedding ceremonies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.023

V.F. POKASOV Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

I.A. ANUPRIENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

G.I. MALYAVINA Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

A.S. GONCHAROV Bachelor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

RENEWAL MOVEMENT INSIDE USA PROTESTANT COMMUNITIES IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XVII – BEGINNING OF THE XVIII CENTURIES (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE FIRST PERIODICALS)

The article analyzes the trends in the development of new Protestantism in the life of American communities created from the collectives of British, Dutch, German and French settlers. The main type of research sources is the early period of Boston, New York and other major publishing cities. The relevance of the study lies in the need for a private study of the features of the formation of the daily life of Protestant communities, based on the totality of the teachings, traditions and their branches that existed in the second half of the XVII century. The practical significance of the study is due to the possibility of strengthening the socio-cultural ties of Orthodox Christianity with other confessions and religious traditions. In the methodological aspect, the content of the work can be used to cover the theme of the Reformation in the United States in a higher educational institution. Scientific novelty is expressed in a new look at the coverage of moderate, fundamental and liberal Protestantism in the American periodical press, based on intrahistory and the factor of historical ideas of bearers of different Christian views, including editors of newspapers and magazines. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the renewal movement in American Protestantism based on the sources of the periodical press. The methodological apparatus includes special historical methods, methods of historical anthropology and religious studies, auxiliary methods are sociological and culturological. In the course of the study, the authors consider the first Protestant services, the features of the Anglican Church in the USA, New England Congregationalism, «Northern Protestantism» and the theology of R. Williams, Baptist Churches. The conclusion is made about the syncretism of Neoprotestantism and capitalist messianism, reflecting the economic interests, the picture of the world and the experiences of the ideological search of the settlers who migrated to the northeast of the American continent.

Key words: Protestantism, Lutheranism, Anglicanism, Baptism, New England, worship, church service.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.024

A.N. PUZEVICH Lecturer at the Department of Military-Political work in the troops (forces) of the Ryazan Guards higher airborne command school named after Army General V.F. Margelov, Ryazan, Russia

SOME QUESTIONS OF THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE USSR AND THE USA TOWARDS CHINA AT THE FINAL STAGE OF THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE KUOMINTANG AND THE CPC (1946-1949)

In this article, the author examines the key aspects of Soviet-Chinese and American-Chinese relations during the Chinese Civil War (1946-1949). An important feature of this conflict is the fact that it took place in the conditions of the emerging military-political confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States. In this regard, the foreign policy of the USSR and the USA in China is largely considered by the author in the context of its influence on these events.

Key words: US-China relations, Kuomintang, civil war, China, CPC, J. Marshall, Soviet-Chinese relations, USSR, USA, Chiang Kai-shek.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.025

S.V. BABYUK Teacher-researcher at Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russia

PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES: MODERN INTERESTS OF TRANSNATIONAL COMPANIES IN LOCAL ARMED CONFLICTS

The spread of terrorism in the world motivates multinational companies in the United States and other countries to defend their political and economic interests in various regions of the world through the services of private military companies. This seems to be perhaps the only way out of the current crisis. Transnational corporations conduct intelligence activities, monitor each other's progress, seek to control resources, and allow possible armed conflicts. In modern conditions, transnational corporations are interested in organizing local armed conflicts through the services of private armed military companies in order to solve political and economic problems. Experts give a forecast of such events for the near future as optimistic. But no one can predict when it will turn negative. Legal regulation of the activities of private military companies at the international level is necessary now.

Key words: private military company, combatant, international armed conflict, legal status, international responsibility, international market, UN, Montreux Convention.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.026

G.A. YAGAFAROVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Institute of Chemical Technologies and Engineering of USPTU, Sterlitamak, Russia

A.S. CHERNOVA Magister of the Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering USPTU, Sterlitamak, Russia

R.F. URMANOV Magister of the Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering USPTU, Sterlitamak, Russia

I.R. MINIBAYEV Magister of the Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering USPTU, Sterlitamak, Russia

CULTURE AND INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

The article deals with the issue of culture disclosure using qualitative methods and research in the field of communication between different cultures. The term culture is used in the article as various processes of social interaction that are attributed to culture.

Socio-cultural processes, as part of a collective and individual dialectic with an order of meanings that arise in potential, are constantly being reformulated in various cultural and social points of view. Not a small part of recent research has been directed to the study of systems in the field of intercultural communication, that is, communication. The literature under consideration offers various points of view on the problem of intercultural communication and awareness of the social role of communication in the process of this communication.

Key words: cultural studies, communication studies, cross-culture, conceptualization, empirical realities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.027

G.G. GURIN Post graduate student Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

THE STRENGTHENING OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE WORLD ENERGY MARKET IN THE EARLY 1950S AS A RESULT OF THE CRISIS OVER IRANIAN OIL

The paper examines the transformation of the role of the United States of America during the resolution of the crisis around the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. The role of the embargo imposed by the UK on Iranian oil is assessed. The events of the early 1950s served as a starting point for a significant change in the balance of power in the region, as well as the establishment of an era of total dominance of the United States in the world oil market.

Key words: Iran, Great Britain, USA, AINK, nationalization, oil factor, Greater Middle East, Great Powers.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.028

I.A. ARZHANOV PhD Student, International Relations and Integration Processes Department, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA'S MILITARY AND POLITICAL ACTIVITY IN THE ARCTIC IN THE CONTEXT OF RIVALRY WITH NATO IN THE XXI CENTURY

The article presents the results of a study of the measures taken and actively implemented by the Russian Federation to protect national interests in the Arctic as NATO's unilateral rival approach increases. In the XXI century, at the present stage of international cooperation in the Arctic, the military-political vector in relations between Russia and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the Arctic has gone a consistent way from successful attempts to build a short-term limited cooperation to obvious rivalry. NATO's approach to the region, expressed in its unwillingness to consider Russia as a strong, independent actor and the Alliance's focus on restructuring the balance of power in the High North, led to the forced consideration of the Western anti-Russian course when developing exclusively defensive measures. In this regard, these policies and activities are of research interest. The purpose of this research paper is to trace and identify the key aspects of the military and political activities of the Russian Federation aimed at ensuring and protecting the country’s national interests in the Arctic. Research objectives: 1) to reveal some key milestones of NATO's policy in the Arctic, indicating the sequence of the formation of a rival approach; 2) based on the author's vision, to identify a number of main problems solved by the approach and to detail the features of the measures being implemented when referring to the considered vector of activity of Russia in the High North; 3) to reflect the evolution of the doctrinal and strategic views of the Russian Federation in the field of security, set out in the documents affecting the Arctic region. The methodological foundations of this research paper are based on a multidisciplinary approach, expressed in the use of the following methods: comparative, situational, statistical, content and event analysis. Several provisions of this article are set out when referring to historical-descriptive and predictive methods. The result of the research was the author's concept of vision of the triad of problems solved through Russia's military and political activities in the Arctic, proposed in the article. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the ongoing efforts are not directed against other countries and reflect the forced nature in the conditions of a consistent growth of rivalry.

Key words: Russia, NATO, Arctic, security, rivalry.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.029

A.V. VOROBYOV Postgraduate student of the Department of International Security and Foreign Policy Activities of Russia, Faculty of National Security, Institute of Law and National Security, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN STRENGTHENING RELIABILITY OF STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS AND ALLIANCES

In the context of aggravation of situation in the world, associated with the formation of a new world order, the importance in international relations of such a property as reliability increases significantly. This feature becomes especially important when countries reach a high level of cooperation – at the stage of strategic partnership and alliance. The article discusses foreign experience in developing the reliability of strategic partnerships and alliances. Many tools and methods from this experience can be used to strengthen the reliability of Russia's strategic partnerships and alliances with foreign countries.

Key words: strategic partnership, alliance, reliability, coherence, detailing, conflict resolution, trust, Eurasian Economic Union, European Union, NATO, ASEAN.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.030

Yu.V. MANUYLOVA Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE TAIWAN ISSUE AS A PRIORITY OF CHINA'S MODERN FOREIGN POLICY

The article deals with the state of the Taiwan issue in the foreign policy of the People's Republic of China at the current stage, analyzes the causes and consequences of the Taiwan crisis in 2022. During the study, methods of historical and comparative analysis, a prognostic method, content analysis of the media and strategic documents, and a number of other general scientific methods were used. Based on the analysis, the author reveals that the use of force in a settlement of the Taiwan issue is one of the scenarios that the Chinese government is considering, but the diplomatic solution to the issue remains a priority for China.

Key words: China, PLA, White Paper, Taiwan issue, Taiwan crisis, Pelosi.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.031

R.S. OKUMBEKOV Postgraduate, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communication, Educator, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

NEOPATRIMONIALISM IN CENTRAL ASIA – FACTORS AND PRECONDITIONS FOR REGIME CONSERVATION

The article deals with the issues related to the sustainability of the neopatrimonial regime of government in the countries of Central Asia. In the course of the research different approaches and opinions on the preservation of political systems in the region are analyzed. On the basis of the analysis the author's approach to formalization of the key determinants of regime stability, which include economic, political and social ones, has been substantiated.

Key words: Central Asia, political system, neopatrimonialism, president, society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.032

N.V. POSPELOV Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCHING THE PROBLEM OF RUSSIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The article deals with methodology of relations between Russia and Turkey in the period from 2002 to 2022. Great importance attaches to the identification of various approaches through the study of relevant works and the identification of the advantages, disadvantages and effectiveness of each of them. This allows looking at the history of bilateral cooperation taking into account the geopolitical situation in the Middle East and North Africa region. As we know, the election of Vladimir Putin as President of Russia and the coming to power of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) under the leadership of former Turkish Prime Minister R.T. Erdogan contributed to the transition to the level of a multifaceted partnership. The destruction of the Russian Su-24 bomber over Syrian territory created a crisis that lasted for seven months. The re-establishment of contacts between Moscow and Ankara on the 9-th of August of 2016 enabled a balanced foreign policy and the development of major energy projects. At the same time emphasis placed on resolving the conflict in Syria due to the establishment of the «Astana Troyka» in January of 2017. The aim of the article is to examine the available approaches in Russian-Turkish relations during the first quarter of the 21st century. The objectives are to identify their specificity in the studies of domestic and foreign researchers to find ways to apply based on certain evidence. The main result is that we can use the conclusions of the article in the scientific literature to conduct methodological research into the problem of interaction between Moscow and Ankara at the present stage.

Key words: Russian-Turkish relations, multidimensional partnership, geopolitical environment, scholarly approach, strategic partnership.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.033

JIN YANG Postgraduate Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE INCREASING PREVALENCE OF POLITICAL BOTS IN MODERN DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS PRACTICES

Political bots are one of the most common tools for manipulating public opinion in the digital space today. This paper divides our world into a three-tiered structure, using the structural explanation method, the author has elucidated the three main stages of public opinion manipulation technology on the Internet and analysed the process of political bots' development.

Key words: political bots, manipulation, propaganda, social networks, technological transformation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.034

CHZHAN CHEN`I Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

CHINESE DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DECISIONS OF THE 20TH CPC CONGRESS

By the method of comparative analysis of the CPC's positions in relation to the formation of the PRC's foreign policy, the substantive priorities and ideological basis are analyzed, the object of the study is China's foreign policy activity. The subject is the position of the CPC as an ideological basis for the formation of a foreign policy course. The author explores the diplomatic aspects and focuses research attention on the analysis of the new content of the report at the 20th Congress of the CPC in comparison with the previous ones, giving his own interpretation of the foreign policy course and the trend of Chinese diplomacy.

Key words: foreign policy, diplomacy, China, foreign policy priorities, ideology, global leadership, USA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.035

ZHOU GEER PhD student, International Relations and World Politics Department, St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE: PRECONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF RUSSIA'S COOPERATION WITH THE COUNTRIES OF NORTHEAST ASIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF CHINA, JAPAN AND SOUTH KOREA

The purpose of the article is to determine the prerequisites and factors for the development of cooperation between Russia and the three countries of Northeast Asia (China, Japan and South Korea) in the creation of a new infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route and the transformation of the Northern Sea Route into an international transport corridor. The article identifies and characterizes the enduring foundations of the interest of the three countries of Northeast Asia in joining the Russian plans for the development of the Northern Sea Route, but at the same time it emphasizes the ambiguous nature of the impact of anti-Russian sanctions on the cooperation of these countries with Russia. While the sanctions of 2014 and 2022 increased the attractiveness of these countries for Moscow in the context of the search for foreign partners for the implementation of Arctic projects, the situation around the Ukrainian crisis in 2022 made adjustments to the intentions of these countries to develop Arctic cooperation with Russia, and anti-Russian sanctions have significantly limited the ability of these countries to participate in Russian Arctic projects. While the 2014 and 2022 sanctions increased the attractiveness of these countries for Moscow in the context of seeking foreign partners for Arctic projects, the situation around the Ukraine crisis in 2022 has made adjustments to these countries' intensions to develop Arctic cooperation with Russia, and the anti-Russian sanctions have significantly limited the ability of these countries to participate in Russian Arctic projects. In conclusion, the article concludes that the prospects for Russia's Arctic cooperation with the three countries of Northeast Asia are uncertain due to the new geopolitical reality, pressure exerted by Washington on these countries in order to curb their financial and technological interaction with Russia, partial accession of Japan and South Korea to anti-Russian sanctions, fears of the Chinese side to fall under secondary sanctions.

Key words: Russia, Arctic, China, Northeast Asia, Japan, South Korea, Northern Sea Route (NSR).

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.036

L.N. VEDZHATOVA Master's student, Faculty of Journalism, IGSU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Republic of Crimea, Russia

MODERN APPROACHES TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE NATIONAL POLICY STRATEGY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

The article discusses the main provisions of the state national policy strategy until 2025. In particular, the peaceful coexistence of different peoples on the territory of the Russian Federation is analyzed on the example of one of the most multinational subjects of the country – the Republic of Crimea. The author comes to the conclusion that the strategy is designed to become a mobilizing factor contributing to the strengthening of the all-Russian civil consciousness, ensuring state security, political stability in society and the growth of the international prestige of the Russian Federation.

Key words: ethno-cultural development, civic consciousness, multinationality, «independence», nation, referendum, Republic of Crimea.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.037

M.V. IBRAGIMOV Bachelor of the Department of National History Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

CONSERVATISM AND DOGMATISM OF ISLAM IN THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC

The article evaluates the conservatism and dogmatism of Islam in the Chechen Republic. It is noted that Islam in Chechnya has been widespread for a long time and today it acts as the main religion of this region. It has been established that Muslims in Chechnya are Sunnis who adhere to the Shifiite madhhab. The main features of Islam on the territory of Chechnya were called the dogmatism and conservatism of Islam of the variation that found its spread in the specified region. It is noted that this is largely due to the isolation and closeness of culture, as well as the development of autogenic features by the world religion. In addition, the author highlights such features of the Islam of Chechnya as the fact that it is a tariqa Islam focused on practical application in rituals and the fact that the tariqas of qadiriy and nakshabandiya have some differences. The conclusion is also formulated that in modern Chechen society the influence of Islam manifests itself quite clearly, moreover, the influence of Naqshbandi and Qadiri Virds is very noticeable, which can also be viewed through the prism of the key features of Islam in the territory of this region and neighboring republics.

Key words: Islam, Chechnya, Virds, Sunnis, nakshabandiya, tariqats.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.038

D.A. KRYUCHKOVA Graduate student of the faculty of journalism Institute of Public Service and Management (IGSU) Russian Academy of National Economy and public service (RANEPA – RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY OF YOUTH IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL CULTURE

The article notes that modern means of communication play an important role in the life of young people, forming value orientations and behavior patterns. This is of particular importance given that young people spend a significant proportion of their time in the media environment and the increasing flow of information can pose a threat to the younger generation, which is at the initial stage of the formation of a system of spiritual, moral, social and intellectual values. To prevent this from happening, it is important to learn how to adequately perceive and process information, as well as learn the skills of critical text analysis. The author set a goal – to determine the level of media literacy of young people in modern digital realities, as well as critical thinking. The problem raised is relevant because in modern realities it is impossible to ignore the spread of false, destructive information that affects the younger generation. The author notes that in order to form political consciousness, develop political thinking and increase the level of information literacy, media education is necessary, which will prepare young people for life in the modern information society.

Key words: youth political culture, media and information literacy, youth political activity, citizenship, critical thinking.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.039

D.I. POLISCHUK Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.V. MANDRISA Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

REFERENDUM ON SELF-DETERMINATION AND POSSIBLE SCENARIOS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT

A referendum on self-determination is the highest manifestation of exclusion, the manifestation of the results of the will of the people and their rights to independently resolve a wide range of socio-political issues. The relevance of the study of the application of this procedure today is manifested in connection with its expansion and the lack of a unified implementation within the framework of international agreements.

The article discusses the approaches to understanding the essence of the referendum that have developed in domestic science. The main problem of the implementation of the referendum mechanism on its self-determination is investigated, and an assessment of its effectiveness is given. The individual presents several possible implementation options for the implementation of the mechanism, based on an analysis of his experience.

Key words: referendum, direct democracy, the right to self-determination, sovereignty, separatism, secession.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94.1.040

N.E. CHITAYEV Student of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Ishim Pedagogical Institute. P.P. Ershov (branch) Tyumen State University, Ishim, Russia

V.V. ZIMIN Student of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics and Natural Sciences Ishim Pedagogical institute P.P. Ershov (branch) of Tyumen state university, Ishim, Russia

HISTORY OF NIKOLAEV CHURCH "IN THE NAME OF THE POKROV OF THE HOLY MOTHER OF GOD"

In the article, the authors tell the story of the formation of the Nicholas Church "in the name of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos", its location, activities in the countryside, relations with local residents, with the authorities at different times. Also in the article you can find information about: the rector of the church Vasily Argentovsky, his achievements and work; the village of Nikolaevka and local residents at the beginning and end of the 20th century; attitude of the Soviet authorities to this church.

Key words: Nikolaevka, Nikolaevskaya church, church "in the name of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos".