Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 9. Issue 12 (57), 2019.
CONTENTS
DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL HISTORY
POLITICAL REGIONAL STUDIES AND ETHNOPOLITICS
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY
DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.001
V.V. PYZH Doctor of political science, Professor, NSU them. P.F. Lesgaft, St. Petersburg, Russia
U.K. ANDREEVA Graduate student, faculty of winter Olympic sports, NSU them. P.F. Lesgaft, St. Petersburg, Russia
CONTRIBUTION TO VICTORY: SPORT IN THE SIEGE OF LENINGRAD
The article deals with the feat of athletes of besieged Leningrad during the great Patriotic war.
Key words: sports, the blockade in Leningrad, heroism, and memory.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.002
V.S. AKIMOVA Ph.D., associate Professor Department of world, national history, Ethnology, archaeology, faculty of history North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
Yu.N. YERMOLAYEVA Ph.D., associate Professor Department of world, national history, Ethnology, archaeology, faculty of history North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
M.F. MARKOVA Ph.D., associate Professor Department of world, national history, Ethnology, archaeology, faculty of history North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE S.N. GOROKHOV IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARCTIC AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA) UNDER MODERN CONDITIONS
In modern Russia, the prospects for the development of the Arctic region require not only the search for new parameters of economic development, but also the study of the works of researchers who considered the internal and external causes that caused the slowdown in the socio-economic growth of the regions of the North and the Arctic. This article attempts to summarize the main directions of scientific activity of S.N. Gorokhov devoted to the study of the problems of the North and the Arctic. Some views of S.N. Gorokhov on the preservation of the specifics of economic activity, traditional way of life and way of life of indigenous residents and approaches of their further development, the need to open new priority specialties taking into account the prospects of development of Arctic and northern regions in higher and secondary educational institutions, increase of educational potential among the population of northern territories have not lost relevance today. Studies of modern strategies and new opportunities for the development of the Arctic region in the context of globalization show the centuries-old sustainability of the model of the culture of life support of the small indigenous peoples of the North, based on the combination and synthesis of elements of modern (urbanized) and archaic (northern) cultures. The current specifics of the economic activity of the peoples of the Arctic region shows that it maintains a single traditional model of environmental management and continues to be the basis for the conservation of environmental values, which play a significant role in the further sustainable economic and cultural development of the northern territories.
The analysis of the works of S.N. Gorokhov contributes to the understanding of the current state of socio-economic, socio-political and cultural development of the Arctic and northern territories and the main directions of transformation processes and adaptation mechanisms taking place in society.
Key words: S. Gorokhov, the North and the Arctic, historiographical review, scientific heritage, indigenous peoples.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.003
D.A. ANIKIN Сandidate of philosophical sciences, docent, associate Professor of the Department of history and theory of politics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CIVIL WAR AS A SUBJECT OF MEMORY POLICY
The article considers the specifics of the Civil War as a subject of memory policy in modern Russian society. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the commemorational practices of the United States and the Russian Federation, the specifics of the use of the image of the Civil War in Russia are justified, which is explained by the following factors: the establishment of a new social system, which fundamentally denied continuity in relation to the previous State, the symbolic non-alternative of the policy of remembrance, the rejection of public compromise between the former participants of the Civil War. The author identifies the following promising areas of research into the policy of remembrance of the Civil War: the identification of political actors, which can be both individual organizations and virtual communities; Introduction of the communes of figures of the White and Red Movement, including the appearance of memorial signs, renaming of streets, opening of monuments; Studying regional "cases" that overcome the dichotomy of "white" and "red" by designing local Civil War events and characters.
Key words: memory policy, Civil war, commemorational practices, symbolic policy, past, virtual communities.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.004
T.G. PISMENNAYA Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor at the Chair of history, social science and pedagogical technologies, Branch of the Kuban state University in Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Russia
S.S. POGORELOV working for the Magistrate’s Degree at the Branch of the Kuban state University in Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Russia
А.N. RYABIKOV Candidate of Sciences (history), Head of the Chair of history, social science and pedagogical technologies, Branch of the Kuban state University in Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Russia
ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATION JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES ON TERRITORY OF THE KRASNODAR KRAI IN THE 60S-70S OF THE XX CENTURY
The article analyzes the activities of the religious association Jehovah's Witnesses in the Krasnodar Territory in 60-70 years. XX century The author examines the degree of knowledge of the problem, gives an assessment of the reasons for the emergence of a religious cult in the study area, explores the religious beliefs of adepts, especially their relationship with state power. He comes to the conclusion that the development of the activities of Jehovah's Witnesses in the Kuban in the 60-70s. XX century a number of factors contributed: strict conserving and tight control within religious communities, help from foreign centers in conducting missionary activities.
Key words: Jehovah's Witnesses, Krasnodar Territory, confessional politics, religion.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.005
N.V. SHCHEGLOV Graduate student, Ss Cyril and Methodius Institute of Post-Graduate Studies, Moscow, Russia
THE PROJECT HIGHER ADMINISTRATION OF THE RUSSION CHURCH IN THE DECISIONS OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN CONGRESS OF THE CLERGY AND LAITY OF 1917
The purpose of this article is to identify the decisions of the All-Russian Congress of Clergy and Laity in 1917, aimed to develop the higher administration of the Russian Orthodox Church. To achieve this goal, the object is set: to make a reappraisal of all documents of the work of the Congress and determine their scientific potential in this area for the first time ever. The methodological framework of the research is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and system. An analysis of the research problem showed that the All-Russian Congress of the Clergy and laity only worked out preliminary provisions of a new concept of higher administration of the Russian Orthodox Church.
The publication introduces into the scientific circulation archival documents from the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library.
Key words: Russian Orthodox Church, higher Church administration, diocesan congresses, All-Russian congress.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.006
S.N. YAKOVENKO Post-graduate student, Department of History, Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF MILITARY TRANSPORT UNITS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE REFORM OF THE RED ARMY IN 1921-1926
In this article, the author considers the structure and functions of the Military transport units and their change during the reform of the Workers 'and Peasants' red Army in 1921-1926. the Author also pays attention to the place of service of military communications in the General structure of the military administration of the USSR in the first half of the 1920s, along with this, the problem of complexity and heaviness of the system of military administration of the USSR in this period and attempts to modernize it are considered.
Key words: military transport, structure, reformation, the Workers 'and Peasants' red Army, transport system.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.007
V.V. KOTELNIKOV Graduate student, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Omsk State Pedagogical University, Faculty of History, Philosophy and Law, Department of Russian History, Omsk, Russia
THE ENTRY OF KAZAKHSTAN INTO RUSSIA (ACCESSION OF JUNIOR AND SENIOR ZHUZ)
The article presents the analysis and sequence of accession to Russia of the Younger and Elder Zhuz. The main historical events occurring in a certain historical period are considered. Some problems that were the main causal accession of Kazakhstan to Russia were also touched upon. The difficult domestic and foreign political situation of Kazakhstan in the world arena was analyzed. Also in this article, important issues of relations between Russia and Kazakhstan were highlighted.
Key words: Junior Zhuz, Middle Zhuz, Senior Zhuz, citizenship, association, Khanate, military alliance.
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL HISTORY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.008
L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor of the Institute of public service and management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
REVOLUTION AS A FORM (WAY) OF GOD'S PUNISHMENT FOR SINS PART III
By combining the analysis of religious and scientific and other secular sources, the author explains the thesis that revolutions in Russia are a form (way) of God punishment for the people’s sins.
The article has an introductory part, five content parts intricately linked and the final clauses.
In the introductory part, the author indicates the concept of sin and its components analyzing religious sources, emphasizing that it is the duty of religious leaders to carry God’s message to all population. The author believes that the historical experience of Russia shows that there were not so many people who strongly believed in God in the XIX-early XX centuries. The author adheres to the thesis that the serf system is a necessary reality in the process of the historical development of Russia. Still, in this reality, it is possible to exist in different ways.
In the content parts, the author defines the components of the religious concept of sin, the main features (properties) of the behaviour typical for the representatives of the ruling forces (such as emperors, officials, landowners, clergy) in the serf system. It is emphasized that orthodox Christianity is the state religion, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church is the Emperor that is why the Bible for is the most valuable Law for him, as well as for the clergy.
In reality, everything happened in such a way that the God Commandments were fulfilled either by atheists from different population sectors or by a small part of the faithful representatives of the ruling forces. The deeds of these people have been analyzed and presented to readers. These are the Decembrists, their wives, officials, soldiers, churchmen, poets, writers, critics, artists, commoners, serfs, revolutionaries. The main part of the voluminous article is devoted to this debating issue.
In the final clauses, the author suggests the need for a collective research work of a monographic nature that would allow opening the issue in the indicated direction.
Theologian, historian, philosopher, a lawyer should work together as the creative community. The emergence of such a work is important for the objective understanding of the XIX century, which led to the events of the XX century, contrary to various interpretations resulting from personal or corporate interests. Unity in regard to revolutionary events is serving like it was the beginning of universal confession of sins to God, and, consequently, the pledge of the present and future unity of Russia.
Key words: God Commandments, Bible, sin, Russia, serfdom, nobility, clergy, young generation, revolutionaries.
POLITICAL REGIONAL STUDIES AND ETHNOPOLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.009
G.M. GALKINA Рost-Graduate student of the Department Russian presidential Academy of National Economy and Public administration, Moscow, Russia
REGIONAL POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: GOALS OF SCHOOLING
The article is devoted to studying the peculiarities of the formation and development of the regional policy of the European Union in the context of school (general) education. A brief overview of the current situation in the field of education in the world was made. The transformation of the goals of school education in the European Union as a whole, beginning in the 1980s, and in some member countries of this association has been considered. Special attention is paid to the problem of greater orientation of global actors, who formulate and develop regional policies of the Union in the field of education, to higher education. Recommendations are presented to stimulate the activity and increase the effectiveness of the regional educational policy of the European Union as a whole, but with a focus on the school (general) education system.
Key words: European Union, regional policy, school education, unified educational space, new state management.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.010
D.I. GALIMULLINA Рost-graduate student, Department of Diplomacy and Consular Services, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
MECHANISMS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ETHNO-NATIONAL POLICY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
The article discusses the national policy of Slovakia regarding national minorities, mainly in relation to the two largest ethnic groups – Hungarians and gypsies. The article provides quantitative indicators on the composition of each ethnic group. More than 10% of the population of Slovakia belong to 13 national minorities.
The aim was to consider the state of minorities at the moment and which legislative bodies are present, as well as how they solve language problems, problems of preserving culture, etc. The main source was the official website of the Government of Slovakia – https://www.vlada.gov.sk/, the website of the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic – https://www.ustavnysud.sk/ustava-slovenskej-republiky, the government archival site – https://archiv.vlada.gov.sk/old.uv/index79aa.html?ID=6605, as well as the website of the Commissioner of the Government for National Minorities – https://www.narodnostnemensiny.gov.sk/.
The article identifies European structures along the lines of the rights and freedoms of citizens, namely the EU, the Council of Europe, and the OSCE, in which Slovakia adequately carries out its activities. The Constitution of the Slovak Republic and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages are mentioned. In the Constitution of the Slovak Republic, citizens who are national minorities or ethnic groups in the Slovak Republic are guaranteed universal development, in particular the right to develop their own culture together with other members of a minority or group, to disseminate and receive information in their native language, to unite in national associations, educational and cultural institutions.
The indignation towards the government of Slovakia by the Hungarians in the part concerning the Trianon treaty is examined, the nationalistic sentiments of the local population regarding the Gypsies are described.
The article then provides the main body responsible for the situation of ethnic groups in the country – the Committee on National Minorities and Ethnic Groups and gives its detailed position.
KNMEG activity finds both positive assessments in the political circles of the Slovak Republic, in the Slovak society as a whole, criticism is also addressed to the Committee, which is mainly associated with the insufficient efficiency of its functioning.
Key words: Slovakia, national minorities, Hungarians, gypsies, Constitution, Committee.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.011
S.S. VAISHLYA Graduate student of the faculty of political science St. Petersburg state University, St. Petersburg, Russia
ETHNIC REGIONAL AUTONOMY OF LATGALE AS A RESULT OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND TERRITORIAL REFORM
The article, devoted to the analysis of administrative-territorial reform in the Republic of Latvia in 2019, concludes that there is a possibility of interethnic conflicts at the political level due to the instability of the model of relations "center-periphery" and destructive and ideological administrative-territorial reform. Instead of finding compromise and the possibility of participation of citizens of the Republic of Latvia and the Union of municipalities of Latvia in the reform, the Cabinet of Ministers unilaterally, with the centralization of power made the decision to promote the reform despite the negative response information field among companies and the leadership of local governments. That in turn can mobilize ethnic minorities to protect territorial identity in the territory of the Republic of Latvia.
Key words: administrative-territorial reform, ethnic regional autonomy, interethnic conflict, heterogeneity of society.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.012
A.H.O. OTHMAN PhD student of the Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Yemen
THE POWER SUCCESSION AND POLITICAL STABILITY IN THE SAUDI ARABIA
The subject of power succession in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a great importance because of the importance of the Kingdom in the international area, so its stability has a great role in the stability of the prices of oil in the world. We can say that the stability and continuity of the succession of power has essential role in the stability of the Kingdom while failure of power succession may cause instability or even anarchy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Key words: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, political stability, power, political system, power succession.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.013
G.Yu. NOSANENKO Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of «Theory of state and law and public law disciplines», Kazan Innovation University V.G. Timiryasova, Kazan, Russia
H.I. GAFIULLIN Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Business Law, Kazan Innovation University named after V.G. Timiryasova (IEUP), Kazan, Russia
POLICY AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE AUTHORIZED BY THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD AS INSTITUTE OF CIVIL SOCIETY
The goal is to analyze the political and legal status of the Commissioner for the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation. Methods: as the main research methods were selected dialectic, systemic and comparative. The dialectical method made it possible to touch on the historical aspects of the issue under study and helped to choose specific research methods – comparative and systemic. The comparative method provided an opportunity to analyze the federal and regional aspects of the origin and development of the institution of the Commissioner for the Rights of the Child, and showed their interconnection and interdependence. The systemic method was the basis of the problem statement and determined the approach to the object as an integral set of elements in the totality of relations and relations between them. Results: controversial issues of the political and legal status of the children's ombudsman were identified, which on the one hand are characterized as a state body, on the other – as an institution of civil society. The significant role of the children's ombudsman in the formation of the rule of law and the development of the institution of the protection of rights and freedoms in Russia is noted. Conclusions: The Commissioner for the Rights of the Child in Russia can be considered both as an institution of civil society and as an official not endowed with authority. He acts as a link between the state and society, stands on the protection of the family and childhood. Being new to the Russian political system, the institution of the children's commissioner needs further legal regulation. Having appeared in the early 2000s, today this institute is available in all subjects of the Russian Federation, including the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol.
Key words: Commissioner for the Rights of the Child, Ombudsman, Mediatory Institutions, Legal State, Democratic State, Civil Society.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.014
E.V. TYSHTA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Theory and History of State and Law, Institute of History and Law, Khakass State University named after N.F. Katanova, Abakan, Republic of Khakassia, Russia
MUNICIPAL FILTER THE POLITICAL MECHANISM OF ELECTIONS (FOR EXAMPLE, THE ELECTION OF THE HEAD OF THE REPUBLIC OF KHAKASIA)
This article is devoted to the analysis of the "municipal filter" as a political and legal institution. The author explores the legal basis of its formation. From the standpoint of political science, she regards it as a mechanism of administrative influence. As an example, the article considers the election of the head of the executive power in the Republic of Khakassia in 2018. The article posed the problem of the legitimacy of the regional authorities.
Therefore, regional elections are becoming a procedure for confirming the legitimacy of the current head of the region. In the Republic of Khakassia, a “tough” municipal filter led to the unification of opposition forces against the current governor and the victory of communist Valentin Konovalov.
Key words: Regional elections, municipal filter, political process, opposition, administrative resource.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.015
U.S. МААZOV Working for a post-graduate degree at the Chair of national and federative relations, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
PUBLIC ASSOCIATIONS OF THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC ARE AN IMPORTANT INSTITUTION OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY
The article analyzes the activities of public associations of the Chechen Republic. The main place is given to the study of their role in the political processes. The article considers their influence on the strengthening of the civil society institutions in the Chechen Republic.
Key words: public associations, post-conflict period, political system, political processes, civil society, Civic Chamber.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.016
D.D. PROKOPCHUK Master Student of the Department of International Relations, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
R.A. GRITSENKO Master Student of the Department of International Relations, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
A.A. DELGADO Master Student of the Department of History and Archeology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
POLITICAL PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS: CATEGORY ANALYSIS
In the modern world, parties are certain political organizations that unite people according to similar social interests, as well as goals and requirements, and take part in the distribution of political power and benefits. The word "party" itself comes from the word "part", which symbolizes parties as a set of different elements competing with each other within a single whole, for example, the state. Now many European parties are certain conglomerates of groups that not only disagree with each other on many issues, but also actively attract the electorate to their side, thereby causing certain conflicts of interest and views between the population. Parties articulate various conflicting interests and latent contradictions that exist in society, and also carry out an integrative function through the creation of a network of interregional communication channels, which allows to strengthen the sense of national identity or consolidates a nationwide governance system as a counterbalance to existing management bodies. This article discusses the prerequisites for the emergence of political parties, the formation of the party system, their categories, as well as the theoretical justification for the existence and principles of the functioning of political parties in the state.
Key words: political party, party system, institutionalization, political institution, interest group, society.
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.017
A.B. ANANCHENKO Candidate of historical Sciences, Director of the Institute of history a politics Moscow state pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
N.A. TUKOV Candidate of historical Sciences, Executive Director Of the center for social and political projects and communications, associate Professor of social and political research and communications of the Moscow pedagogical University state University, Moscow, Russia
V.L. SHAPOVALOV Candidate of historical Sciences, associate Professor, associate Professor of the Department of social and political research and technology Moscow state pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF STUDENTS OF PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITIES AND YOUNG TEACHERS IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN POLITICAL IDENTITY
The article presents the results of the study of civil, personal and professional values of future teachers as a factor in the formation of political identity of students. The study was conducted in September-November 2019 in Kemerovo, Rostov-on-don, Taganrog and Stavropol. The following research methods were used: group and individual interviews. The respondents were students of the direction of pedagogical directions of training of Moscow pedagogical universities and young teachers of Moscow schools under the age of 25 years.
Key words: political identity, civic, personal and professional values, value orientations, education, upbringing, politics, power, opposition.
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.018
E.P. MAKAROV Ph.D., senior lecturer of the department Sociology, Political Science and History of the Fatherland, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia
SOCIO-POLITICAL PROCESSES AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF VIEWS ON HEALTH CARE REFORM IN THE UNITED STATES
The article analyzes a set of assessments and views that have developed in the scientific community on the issue of US health reform. A review of the studies on health reforms in Medicare and Obamacare, as well as the examination of the institutional features of US health insurance, have demonstrated that the modern health care system is in crisis and in need of gradual reform in a number of parameters. At present, one can observe how the formation of new opinions on this reform is taking place in the power circles of the United States. Modern research and analytical reports reveal new points of view, which are gradually voiced among American politicians and scholars studying this issue. Together, these circumstances allow us to talk about a rethinking of existing approaches to the problem and past experience of considering this issue as a whole. This should be taken into account both in the scientific understanding of the problems, and in the development of strategies for getting out of the crisis situation. It is important to take into account the fact that in the Obama presidency, the health reform project was one of the main elements of social policy. Extremely ambiguous perceived both in the political environment and in society as a whole, the draft reform served as a starting point for discussion of this issue. Considering the features of the US healthcare system, it is worth noting that understanding the role of the insurance sector is becoming one of the fundamental criteria for developing the quality of medical care. Ensuring the sustainable development of the health care system, in many respects, will depend on choosing the right strategy for interaction of workers, employers and insurance companies, which will help rationally use all available resource potential.
Key words: insurance medicine, health care system, reform, medical care, outpatient services, insurance contributions, labor relations, social services.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.019
MEDINA GONZALEZ VINICIO XAVIER PhD in Historical Science, Adjunct Lecturer of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
MURILLO CUENCA LUIS ARTURO Master Student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE AS A TOOL OF «SOFT FORCE» IN EXTERNAL ECUADOR POLICY AT THE PRESENT STAGE
This article discusses the main aspects of international assistance in the foreign policy of Ecuador. The analysis of key areas and trends in the foreign policy of Ecuador at the present stage of development of international relations is carried out. Events in the field of international assistance are highlighted. It is shown that international assistance by Ecuador to other countries is an instrument of “soft power” in foreign policy, which Ecuador adheres to today. The main directions in the foreign policy of the country are considered, among which the protection of sovereignty and peace building are especially highlighted; protection of human rights and the environment; strengthening multilateralism; promotion of human rights; coordination of international cooperation. The role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ecuador in the dissemination of the policy of “soft power” is identified and its key tasks are identified: external relations and political integration in the framework of bilateral and multilateral relations; promoting Latin American integration through the creation of mechanisms to consolidate the economic, political and cultural blocs; conducting foreign policy activities based on self-determination of peoples; the transition to environmental sustainability of the planet. In the study, methods of historical and factual analysis, structural-functional, statistical, systemic, comparative methods were used.
Key words: international assistance, foreign policy, soft power, international relations, Ecuador, Latin America.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.020
E.D. KACHUROVSKIY Post-graduate student of the Department of Comparative Politics of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL STRIFE IN VENEZUELA FROM PERSPECTIVE OF FEDERAL RELATIONS
Venezuela is one of the four federations in Latin America. Today the political crisis there is has escalated. The conflict between the governing United Socialist Party and the opposition continues. At the same time the federation is split geographically. It has both pro-government states and oppositional ones. The author examines the political struggle in Venezuela from the perspective of its states. The research aim was to identify the regional diversification in this strife. The pursuit of this goal involves several research activities. Namely, the author analyzes the results of the gubernatorial elections since 1998 (i.e. since left radicals led by Hugo Chávez came to power) till now. For this purpose he uses statistical analysis of the results of the regional elections. He also considers possible reasons for the fact that most states are controlled by the government. Besides, the author studies the regional parties, their implication and position in the political spectrum, whom they supported more frequently – Maduro or the opposition – and whether they had considerable achievements in the political arena. The author investigates the geography of the origins of the Venezuelan elite, in particular, the origins of the members of the Government and the Parliament. As a result of the research the author divides the states into the pro-government ones (those which support the current president Nicolas Maduro) and the oppositional ones (those that directly or indirectly support the coalition "Democratic Unity Roundtable").
Key words: Latin America, Venezuela, political science, political regional studies, regions, elections, political parties.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.021
L.E. MAMMADOV Post-graduate, Diplomatic Academy Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
STATE INTERESTS OF AZERBAIJAN IN THE BALKAN REGION
This article is devoted to the implementation of the main state interests of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the countries of the Balkan region. The study reflects the directions and principles of the current political course of Azerbaijan in the region, the condition of international relations and diplomacy in the context of a balance of forces, the preservation of national interests and the achievement of goals and objectives.
Key words: Azerbaijan, Balkan region, international relations, realism, diplomacy, world energy, energy security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.022
WU TING Post-graduate at the Department of Comparative Political Science, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia; Teachers of Northwest Normal University, China
HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM IN RUSSIA AND CHINA IN THE 21ST CENTURY: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
The article analyzes the experience of state educational policy of the Russian Federation and China. Similar approaches to the modernization of the sphere of education are noted. The difficulties in the implementation of the reform of the education system in Russia and China are described. Special emphasis is placed on the role of information technology in expanding the educational space.
Key words: higher education, training, reform, modernization, educational technology, Russia, China.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.023
ZHAO TIANTIAN Post-graduate student of Peoples ' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
THE NATIONAL IMAGE OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND RUSSIAN FEDERATION AT THE PRESENT STAGE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
The article deals with the international image of China and Russia at the present stage. We conduct a comparative analysis of how the world community perceives the main components of the country's image: economic development, the use of soft power policies, the image of heads of state and a general attitude towards the People’s Republic of China and Russia in the modern world.
Key words: national image, People's Republic of China, Russian Federation, “soft power”, foreign policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.024
RANDAH MADINGUE PhD-student, Department of political analysis and management, People' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN university), N'Djamena, Republic of Chad
INTERETHNIC RELATIONS AS A FACTOR OF THE INEFFICIENCY OF POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND THE INSTABILITY OF CENTRAL AFRICAN COUNTRIES
The article discusses interethnic relations and their impact on political institutions and the stability of the countries of central Africa. The author argues that in the last decade, relations among the peoples of the countries of Central Africa have worsened, to more conflictual relations due to historical, social, political, cultural, psychological and situational reasons. Despite the policies of the Central African states government at the national level and the large role of various civil societies in strengthening and consolidating national unity and the intervention of international and regional communities and organizations.
Key words: Interethnic relations, instability of political institutions, inefficiency of political institutions, central Africa, conflict, ethnicity, relationships.
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.025
A.A. EGIKOV Post-graduate Student, Department of General History North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov, Teacher of history and social studies Municipal educational institution secondary school №. 15 named after Hero of the Soviet Union Mildzikhov Kh.Z., Vladikavkaz, Russia
NAGORNO-KARABAKH AS THE CENTER OF INSTABILITY IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS
A scientific article is devoted to the controversial regional situation of Nagorno-Karabakh in the South Caucasus. The study provides a brief analysis of the history of the region, starting from the ancient period until the establishment of Soviet power in Karabakh. Particular attention is paid to the reasons for the rather variegated composition of the population of the region on ethnic and religious grounds. In this context, the demographic policy of the Russian Empire is analyzed after Nagorno-Karabakh became part of the latter. From this comes the fact that the relevance of the problem described in the scientific study is at a fairly high level, given the constant armed conflicts for various reasons in the region throughout its history. This circumstance is especially important when studying the ethno-territorial clash between Armenia and Azerbaijan in the post-Soviet space.
Based on this, the purpose of this scientific study is a detailed analysis of the history of the formation of the disputed status of Nagorno-Karabakh and its impact on the geopolitical situation in the South Caucasus, on the nature of the Armenian-Azerbaijani relations at the present stage and will allow to answer a number of questions that relate to the absence of any diplomatic soil between these states.
The objectives of the scientific article are: searching for the reasons for the formation of such a multifaceted ethnic and religious population of Nagorno-Karabakh at the present stage, assessing the role of the USSR in resolving the issue of the territorial affiliation of the region, as well as analyzing the consequences of the decisions of the latter for the entire situation in the South Caucasus in the context of relations between Armenia and Azerbaijan, which is important, given their hostility at the present stage.
Key words: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Nagorno-Karabakh, conflict, territorial affiliation, instability, South Caucasus.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.026
A.M. PETRUKHIN Graduate Student of State University of Management, Moscow, Russia
OPENING AND BEGINNING OF WORK OF THE FIRST STATE DUMA OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE ON THE PAGES OF BRITISH PRESS
The article considers the reaction of British periodicals of various political orientations to the opening of the first State Duma of the Russian Empire. This event generated increased interest in the British political environment and was perceived as the birth of the bases of parliamentarism in Russia, as well as an attempt to limit the emperor’s autocratic power. Special attention is paid to how the English correspondents reacted to the reply address of the members of the Duma to the "throne speech" of Nicholas II. As a result of the study, it was found out that the authors of the articles did not always convey truthful information to the British reader and correctly interpret the events taking place in Russia. Nevertheless, materials from the British press are important sources to complement the overall historical picture.
Key words: State Duma, parliamentarism, throne speech, amnesty, bureaucracy, Council of Ministers, State Council, British press.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.57.12.027
GENG YIJING Graduate student of the Russian Language Department, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu province, China
HERO OF THE SOVIET UNION A.S. BLAGOVESCHENSKY ON CHINA LAND
The topic of this study is the personal contribution of the Soviet ace A.S. Blagoveshchensky in the fight against the Japanese militarists in China in 1937 - 1938 and his influence on the development of relations between China and the USSR in the future. The relevance of the presented work is due to both the small number of scientific publications devoted to the participation of the Soviet Air Force in repelling the aggression of the Japanese militarists against China, and the often politicized and fragmented nature of coverage of this topic. The aim of the presented study is to assess the personal merits of A.S. Blagoveshchensky in the organization of the combat work of Soviet volunteers and military personnel of the Chinese Air Force, as well as the establishment of relations between them. The methodology of work is built on the basis of a combination of elements of the biographical method and case study. The author concludes that A.S. Blagoveshchensky significantly improved the tactics of the combat work of the Soviet volunteers and military personnel of the Chinese Air Force, while simultaneously contributing to their consolidation. Blagoveshchensky became one of the main factors that ensured the disruption of the air attack on the Wuhan of the Japanese Air Force. Thanks to the efforts of A.S. Blagoveshchenskogo in the minds of a significant part of the Chinese, a positive image of the Soviet man was formed, he was separated from the image of the Russian / European colonizer. Due to this, the experience of interaction A.S. Blagoveshchinsky with the Chinese side strengthened and expanded the prerequisites for further cooperation between the two countries in the future.
Key words: Soviet volunteers, military pilots, Alexei Blagoveshchensky, Japan’s resistance war, the battle of Wuhan, the Air Force.