Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 12. Issue 12 (93), 2022
CONTENTS
NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
STUDENT SCIENCE
NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.001
R.O. BAGAUTDINOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Archeology and Ethnology of the Institute of History and Public Administration of the Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Republic of Baskortostan, Russia
B.V. BURANGULOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Archeology and Ethnology of the Institute of History and Public Administration of the Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Republic of Baskortostan, Russia
N.M. KALMANTAEV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Archeology and Ethnology of the Institute of History and Public Administration of the Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Republic of Baskortostan, Russia
M.N. SULEYMANOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Archeology and Ethnology of the Institute of History and Public Administration of the Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Republic of Baskortostan, Russia
CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THE BASSR IN 1917-1930
With the establishment of Soviet power in Russia, the Bolsheviks began a radical transformation of the state, in which there had been unresolved problems for centuries. The elimination of illiteracy, the introduction of the people to spiritual wealth and the formation of a new Soviet intelligentsia of workers would be impossible in the absence of comprehensive cultural and educational activities. The article examines the general picture that had developed in the state by the beginning of the cultural revolution, the situation in the BASSR, the main cultural and educational tools of the Soviet government – libraries, reading huts, museums.
Key words: cultural and educational institutions, BASSR, cultural revolution, libraries, reading huts, museums.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.002
G.Sh. KAYMARAZOV Doctor of History, a professor, a chief researcher of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History of Dagestan, Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Russia
THE ROLE OF DAGESTAN WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF GENERAL EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC IN THE 70s OF THE 20th CENTURY. GENDER ASPECT
In the article, based on the principle of historicism, comparative historical, problem-chronological, statistical and descriptive methods, using reliable historical sources and taking into account the developments of native historiography, in the context of the introduction of universal secondary education in the country, the role of women in Dagestan in the development of the general education system in the 70s of the 20th century is highlighted and analyzed. Taking into account the gender aspect, an assessment of changes in the number of urban and rural schools and in the composition of student and teaching teams in the republic is made. Changes in the management of the education system are also shown. The process of creation and functioning of special women's boarding schools for girls, who live in mountains, as well as school at boarding schools, specific to the region with a multinational composition of the population and the continuing influence of local traditions and the religious factor, was reflected. The increase of the role of the Dagestan woman in the development of the sphere of general education in the republic is associated with an increase in her professional and qualification level, activity in the application of modern methods of education and upbringing, and effectiveness in teaching.
Key words: system of general education, introduction of general secondary education, gender aspect, women of Dagestan, multinational region.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.003
A.I. GOGOLEV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia
V.S. AKIMOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia
V.I. SHADRIN Researcher Institute of Humanitarian Studies and Problems of Small Peoples of the North SB RAS, Yakutsk, Russia
ETHNOGENESIS OF THE YUKAGHIRS: OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM SOLUTION
The article deals with the issues of ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Yukaghirs. The authors attempt to systematize the existing scientific and popular scientific theories on the study of the historical past of this people and to acquaint with some of the results of new research over the past decades. To this end, in the article, the authors pay special attention to the attempt to summarize the research of Yukaghir issues over the past decades. To study this problem, the authors review the ethnic history of the peoples of Yakutia, show common points of the ethnic history of the people North-East of Russia, emphasize the impossibility of ethnic processes without contacts, mutual influences with ethnic groups of Eastern Siberia.
Key words: ethnogenesis, ethnic history, Yukaghirs, northeast Asia, Paleoasiates, "ethno-melting pot", circumpolar culture, ethnogenetic processes.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.004
O.B. STEPANOVA PhD in History, Senior Researcher of the Department of Siberia, Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
O.V. TISHCHUK Chief curator of Purovsky Regional Museum of Local History Tarko-Sale, Russia
R.E. SMETANINA Researcher of Purovsky Regional Museum of Local History, Tarko-Sale, Russia
TO THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE VILLAGE OF ONLY PUROVSKY DISTRICT OF THE TYUMEN REGION
The article is devoted to the consideration of the village of Tolka Purovskaya. A comprehensive description of its ethnic composition, the history of the Soviet period, and the current situation is given. The study accumulates and analyzes the general information about the village that was collected in the course of field work and from published sources. The result of the study was an ethnic portrait of the population of Tolka and the chronology of its administrative and economic development. It was concluded that the changes taking place in the economy and social sphere of the village are depressing.
Key words: Taz Selkups, Upper Tolka Selkups, ethnic influences, Tolka Purovskaya village, history of Tolka village, economy of Tolka village.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.005
M.I. ABDULAEVA PhD in History, Senior Researcher, Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the DPhIC RAS, Makhachkala, Russia
M.Yu. LERMONTOV IN THE CAUCASUS: BETWEEN MUSE AND WAR
The article is devoted to the study of specific episodes of the Caucasian War and the participation of the famous Russian poet M.Yu. Lermontov, which determined the drama of the situation – between poetry and war. Historical analysis and attraction of objective sources made it possible to show the true attitude of the poet to the struggle of the highlanders for their independence. The purpose of our research is to analyze the influence of the events of the Caucasian War on the work of M.Y. Lermontov, who is rightfully considered the main singer of the Caucasus. The author comes to the conclusion that Lermontov's Caucasian expeditions, where he appears not only as a poet, but also as a military officer successfully leading a detachment, mark at the same time a new level of his poetic talent. So in Lermontov's early work devoted to the Caucasus, romantic notes predominate, then in a later period they are mature, severely realistic plots; The poet's sensitive nature encountered the burden of military life in the Caucasus.
Key words: M.Yu. Lermontov, Caucasus, freedom, Caucasian war, battle of Valerik.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.007
O.B. STEPANOVA PhD in History, Senior Researcher of the Department of Siberia, Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
ON MANUAL CONTROL: ABOUT THE MODERN FORM OF THE TRADITIONAL LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM OF THE PUR SELKUPS
The article deals with the activities of the agricultural territorial-neighboring community "Icha", which today organizes the working life of the Purov Selkups. The main source of the study was the materials collected during the expeditions of 2015 and 2022 in the Purovsky district of the Tyumen region. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were drawn. The Icha community is a new element of the traditional life support system of the Selkups. The traditional side of the community is the direction of economic activity and some ways of its implementation. The new characteristics include its organizational structure (association of the Selkups into a team led by an appointed board, supervision of the community by the district authorities), modern technical equipment, unprofitability, keeping afloat through direct financing, subsidies and subsidies, regressive development indicators; the community is also characterized by the place it occupies in the state social project of assistance to the indigenous peoples of the North.
Key words: Northern Selkups, traditional life support system, national community, fishing, social policy of the state in relation to the peoples of the North.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.008
T.A. PODREZOVA Associate Professor of the Department of historical and philological disciplines, Branch of Saratov state pedagogical University in Zheleznovodsk, Zheleznovodsk, Russia
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN THE 50-60S OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE MINERALOVODSK PEDAGOGICAL COLLEGE)
The article reveals the features of the development of the secondary vocational education system in the 50-60s of the twentieth century, which consisted in changing the course of the Soviet state during the "thaw". The positive characteristics of the Soviet system of secondary vocational education are analyzed on the example of the activity of the Mineralovodsk Pedagogical College of the village of Inozemtsev, Stavropol Territory in the period under consideration.
Key words: soviet education system, pedagogical college, teacher, teacher, elementary classes, pioneer leader, full-time education.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.009
A.S. ANTONOV Postgraduate student (Historical Science and Archeology, National History), Public relations specialist of The State Budgetary Institution of Culture of the Ryazan region "Museum of the History of the Youth Movement", Ryazan, Russia
FORMATION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN RYAZAN FROM 1994 TO 1996. ADOPTION OF THE CITY CHARTER
This article discusses the events of 1994, when the stage of formation and reform of local government began. Particular attention is paid to the trend of adopting regulations on local self-government in the city of Ryazan. Whole sections on local self-government appeared in the City Charter. They reproduced the articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the provisions of the Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation. This problem has been little studied and requires further research. Based on the study of the materials of the sessions of the City Council, held in the period from 1994 to 1996, the reconstruction of the events that took place, which allow us to recreate the true historical picture of the beginning of the formation of local self-government in the city of Ryazan.
Key words: the law, the Ryazan Regional Council, the City Council, deputies. Supreme Council, RSFSR, local government, decree, President, culture, health, education.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.010
V.G. KOROSTELEVA Postgraduate student of the Department of National History, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafyev, Russia, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk
MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE RATE OF THE RURAL POPULATION OF THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY IN 1946-1950
The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics and main trends of marriage and divorce of the rural population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the post-war period. Modernization theory was used as the methodological basis of the study. The essence of the changes that have engulfed the family, matrimonial, sexual and other behavior of people is explained by the theory of demographic modernization. The article used both general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, etc.) and private scientific methods: the method of demographic analysis, statistical and comparative historical methods. On the basis of new statistical materials, a significant part of which is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the processes of marriage and divorce in the Krasnoyarsk village in 1946-1950 are analyzed in comparison with similar processes in rural areas of the RSFSR. Their relationship with the social processes that took place in the USSR is determined. The main indicators of the general marriage coefficients are considered, which make it possible to trace the dynamics of development in the first post-war five-year period. The age of the married partners who have entered into marriage is analyzed, which reveals the whole essence and distinctive features of post-war marriage, which is getting "younger" every year. In conclusion, conclusions are drawn about the regional peculiarities of marriage and divorce in the villages of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Key words: marriage, divorce, Krasnoyarsk Territory, rural population, demographic processes.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.011
D.V. SOCHNEVA Postgraduate Student of Department of History, Ulyanovsk State University of Education, Ulyanovsk, Russia
«AT THE JUNCTION OF TWO WORLDVIEWS»: THE LEVEL OF RELIGIOUS AND SOVIET RITUAL IN THE 1960S AND 1970S. (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION)
The publication attempts to examine the state of the Soviet ceremonial and festive system, introduced as an analogue of religious rites. Also, based on statistical data, the approximate number of believers in the Ulyanovsk region who performed Orthodox and Muslim rituals, despite the official ban of the Soviet government, was determined.
Key words: religious rituals, socialist rites, civil holidays in the USSR, Russian Orthodox Church, Islam, Ulyanovsk region.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.012
O.V. LAVROVA Graduate of Kemerovo State University of Culture and Art, specialty "Theory and History of Culture", Suzdal, Russia
SPEECHES AT THE NAMING OF THE BISHOP AND THE PRESENTATION OF THE EPISCOPAL STAFF OF ST. MACARIUS (NEVSKY)
The article is devoted to one of the church genres of preaching – speech. In this study, the speech at the naming of the bishop of St. Macarius/(Nevsky) and his speech at the presentation of the bishop's baton are used. The homiletic legacy of St. Macarius has not been studied much yet. His simple but convincing sermons are relevant for our time as well. In the speeches at the presentation of the bishop's baton, we see a strict structure of the sermon called speech. Speech as a type of sermon appeared in ancient times and has come down to our days as one of the short varieties of words, distinguished by its construction and thematicity. In the speech at the presentation of the rod, on the example of the homiletic heritage of St. Macarius (Nevsky), the transformation of the preaching genre of the author himself is visible. St. Macarius spoke in an accessible and simple way, his every word was suffused with experience and love for the person to whom the speech was said. The source of his words and speeches is mainly the Holy Scripture, but closer to the twentieth century, the source of the homiletic genre are relevant events for their time. When there was enough time to pay more attention to conversation and preaching to people, Vladyka ordained bishops and opened a new vicariate, and thereby tried to organize time for conversation and his missionary activities. The study uses an integrated approach. The article examines the speeches of St. Macarius (Nevsky), which he spoke at the presentation of the baton from 1884-1914. The results obtained can serve as a guide for novice preachers, since the words and speeches, sermons of St. Macarius are an example of simplicity and sublimity of syllable.
Key words: St. Macarius (Nevsky), homiletics, speech at the naming of a bishop, speech at the presentation of the bishop's baton, sermon.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.013
A.A. LASTOCHKIN Candidate of the Department of History, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PARTY-STATE POLICY ON THE SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN IN THE 1940S – 50S
During the war and the post-war period, there was a need in the country to create a system for providing orphans, which was supposed to solve all aspects of the life of adolescents and children, such as accommodation, schooling, logistics, etc. In this regard, the article is devoted to the classification of various types of orphanages in 1945-1955. The author defines the features of the activities of orphanages, studied and analyzed archival documents. On archival materials of the State Archive of the Modern History of the Ulyanovsk region (Ulyanovsk), the State Archive of the Samara region (Samara) and the National Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan) analyzes the state and material and technical support of orphanages and organizations that are engaged in the upbringing of orphans or those who have become in difficult situations.
Key words: kindergartens, orphans, post-war period, the Great Patriotic War.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.014
V.I. MODIN Postgraduate student of the field of Historical science and archeology, profile – National history, Public Relations Specialist of the State Budgetary Institution of Culture of the Ryazan region "Museum of the History of the Youth Movement", Ryazan, Russia
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RYAZAN IN THE CONDITIONS OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF RUSSIA IN THE MID-90S OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
This article discusses the events that took place in the Ryazan region in 1993-96. Special attention is paid to the socio-economic development of Ryazan, as well as the activities of government structures during the transformation of the political and economic spheres of the state. This problem has been little studied and requires further research. Based on the study of archival materials on the activities of the authorities during this period, I tried to recreate the historical picture of the changes that took place in the socio-economic development of Ryazan.
Key words: Ryazan Regional Council, City Council, socio-economic situation, economic activity, decree, economy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.015
D.S. PAVLOV Postgraduate student of St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
SEVZAPROMBYURO VSNKH AND SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF SUPPLYING THE REGION WITH FUEL IN 1921-1923
This article discusses the activities of the newly formed industry management body: the North-Western Industrial Bureau of the Supreme Council of the National Economy (Sevzappromburo VSNKh) in the context of solving the problems of supplying fuel to industrial enterprises in the North-Western region in 1921-1923 in the conditions of the nationalization of industry, the collapse of the administrative apparatus and the transition from war communism to the new economic policy. Special attention is paid to the campaign for the decentralization of the industry management apparatus, the transfer of powers to manage industrial enterprises from the national to the regional level. Examples are given related to the activities in crisis conditions of the landmark enterprises of the city: the Putilov plant and the former partnership of the Russian-American rubber manufactory (the Red Triangle plant).
Key words: Sevzappromburo, reporting, decentralization, regionalism, fuel, Putilov Plant, Red Triangle.
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.016
L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia
HYMN TO THE LORD GOD (PHILOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS RESEARCH IN SEVERAL ARTICLES) ARTICLE TWELVE
Starting from the content of the Constitutional norm about God (part 2 of Article 67.1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) and analyzing the provisions of the Bible, religious-theological and philosophical literature, the author reveals the concepts of God, Hymn to the Lord God and forms of God glorification. Considering these concepts, the process of glorifying God is investigated.
Key words: God, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Bible, Hymn, thank the Lord God.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.017
S.V. RYAZANTSEV Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Economics, professor, director of the Institute of Demographic, Research Federal Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
A.V. SMIRNOV PhD student, junior researcher, Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
A.D. BRAGIN PhD student, junior researcher, Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE SCOPE, STRUCTURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF EMIGRATION FROM RUSSIA
The article discusses the features and contradictions of the formation of state statistics in the Russian Federation on emigration. The reasons for the deformation of emigration statistics in 2012 are analyzed. Approaches are also noted to the need to correct data on statistics on emigration from Russia based on a comparison with the statistical data of the countries receiving Russians. The features of the transformation of the socio-demographic structure and geographical directions of the flows of emigrants from the Russian Federation are noted. The article also proposes approaches to assessing the consequences of emigration for the country, including developing the approach proposed earlier by the authors based on a methodology that includes three types of assessments: direct demographic losses, contribution to demographic development, direct economic losses of emigration.
Key words: emigration, statistics, socio-demographic structure, assessment methodology, consequences.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.018
I.A. BIRYUKOVA PhD (Philology), Associate Professor, Department of the English Language, Faculty of Translation and Interpreting, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
E.V. DROZDOVA Post-graduate student of the Department of Political Science and Political Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
STATE EDUCATIONAL POLICY IN HIGHER SCHOOL IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE LIGHT OF INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES 30 YEARS AFTER THE COLLAPSE OF THE USSR
The authors analyze the state educational policy during the period from the beginning of the XXI century until Russia's withdrawal from the Bologna process in June 2022. The article explores features of the state educational policy, the main characteristics of Russia's participation in the Bologna Agreement and the impact of the pandemic on the implementation of digital education in higher education, which must be considered when forming a modern state strategy in higher education in Russia.
Key words: educational policy, higher school, Bologna Agreement, mass production, commercialization, distance technologies, education reform.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.019
M.A. EVSEEVA Research fellow of the Center for the Study Interethnic Relations, Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia
"ETHNIC NICHES" AND "ETHNIC QUOTAS" IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: MODERN NOTIONS
The article attempts to illustrate the current state of interethnic (interethnic) interaction by the type of "ethnic niches" in different territories of the Russian Federation. Expert interviews obtained in the framework of studies conducted in Kabardino-Balkaria and Sakha (Yakutia) in different years were used as the main source. The main conclusions of the analysis are that, firstly, in some territories, the historically informed type of social interaction on the principle of "ethnic niches" is still preserved; secondly, despite the fact that "ethnic quotas" may have a "traditional character", this does not always ensure the absence of competition between representatives of contacting nationalities.
Key words: ethnicity, social inequality, social exclusion, ethnic niches.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.020
A.S. POROSHINA Master student of the Faculty of Political Studies of the Institute of Social Sciences, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation; expert of ANO "Academic Alliance", Moscow, Russia
M.A. BURDA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Political Management, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation; Director of ANO "Academic Alliance", Moscow, Russia
D.V. RAZUMOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
V.O. GRISHIN Student of the Faculty of History, Political Science and Law, Moscow State Regional Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
SOCIAL MEDIA AS INSTRUMENTS OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION
In the article, the authors analyze the practice of using social media (social networks) as an independent tool of political communication. The processes of communication of political actors are considered, the goals of communication and possible actions within the framework of implemented strategies and tools are analyzed. As a practical case, the authors analyze the Russian social network VKontakte.
Key words: political communication, information policy, social media, social networks, digitalization, internet.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.021
I.I. ABRASHIN Postgraduate student of the Central Russian Institute management – branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and public service under the President of the Russian Federation, Orel, Russia
THE MAIN DIGITALIZATION POLICY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
Today, local governments face a huge number of social problems and challenges. The solution of most of them is not possible without increasing the efficiency of management, the assistance of citizens and public structures. Under these conditions, the digitalization of local self-government acts as an important condition for building effective management models that have a positive impact on improving the quality of life of the population, the growth of social activity of citizens. The purpose of the study is to analyze the digitalization policy of local government. Methodology of scientific research: the preparation of a scientific article was carried out based on a systematic approach. General scientific methods were used – analysis and synthesis of information. Regulatory documents, the works of leading Russian and foreign experts who study the problems of digitalization of management processes were used as a source base. The implementation of digitalization in municipalities depends on many factors and conditions. Uneven territorial development is largely determined by the uniqueness of each of the territories and has a significant impact on the process of digital transformation of the local level of government.
Key words: digitalization, local government, digitalization policy, Smart city, management based on big data.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.022
A.A. ENDRYUSHKO Candidate of sociological sciences, Junior Research Fellow of the Sector for studying migration and integration processes, Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia
IMMIGRANTS WITH CHILDREN IN RUSSIA: SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL INTEGRATION (ENDING)
The purpose of this article is to understand how the inclusion of children in the migration process determines different aspects of the integration of immigrants in Russia – what is the socio-economic situation of migrants who bring children to Russia, what integration trajectories and life plans do they form. The study is based on surveys of labor migrants from the post-Soviet states in Russia: 2017 (8577 respondents, of which 411 live in the Russian Federation with children, from 1 to 5 for each respondent, 2699 left children at home) 2020 (700 respondents, of which 108 took one or more children with them on migration, 212 left them in the country of origin). It is shown that the decision to include children in migration does not depend on the economic integration of migrants (reaching a certain level of income), but on legal (obtaining residence permits) and cultural (orientation towards permanent residence, feeling close to the host country – the formation of Russian identity). Children, in turn, help their parents to integrate even better into the host society, intensifying the social and legal aspects of integration processes. Therefore, the stimulation of family migration, the removal of barriers in the field of education for foreign children is the key to successful incorporation into Russian society not only of future generations of migrants, but also assistance in the integration of migrant parents. The article is a continuation of the text on the socio-demographic characteristics of migrants from the post-Soviet states living in the Russian Federation with minor children, which was published in No. 11 of the journal for 2022.
Key words: immigrants, work migration, children of migrants, family migration, integration of migrants, socio-economic status of migrants, remittances, migrant identities.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.023
O.E. GRISHIN Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Applied Political Work, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
M.V. KOLPAKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
I.S. CHISTOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES OF FORMATION OF REPUTATION CAPITAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
The article analyzes the problem of the effectiveness of increasing the reputational capital of regional authorities when using political digital technologies on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. The task of constructing a positive image and reputation of the regional authorities with the help of digital platforms and technologies, and their impact on the level of public trust in public authorities and administration is considered. Based on the analysis of various sociological data, it was concluded that there is an increase in the level of trust in regional authorities against the background of consistently low indicators of the general level of public trust in the implementation of political digital technologies.
Key words: power, digitalization, political digital technologies, reputation, reputational capital, public administration, public trust.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.024
T.S. GOLUBEVA Senior Lecturer, Vologda branch Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Vologda, Russia
THE STUDY OF THE FEATURES OF THE CURRENT STAGE OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY AND SOCIAL LIFE
This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the existing stage of transformation of the economy and social life. The author studies in detail the changes in the social processes of the population's life and the provision of remote services. A comparison is made between the resilience to crisis phenomena of companies operating in traditional sectors of the economy (using the example of the oil and gas industry) and companies operating in digital sectors of the economy. The conducted studies have confirmed that the pandemic has become a factor in strengthening the digital transformation of the economy and social life. The author concludes about the impact of transformational processes on the activities of most companies and the labor market as a whole, therefore, as a continuation of the study, it is necessary to analyze the impact on the admission procedures to higher education institutions, the process of obtaining education and the formation of future jobs.
Key words: digital transformation of the economy, digital transformation of social life, digital economy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.025
V.M. BURMAKIN Lecturer of the Sevastopol branch REU them. G.V. Plekhanov, Sevastopol, Russia
A SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF CORRUPTION PROCESSES IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: A PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECT (ANTI-CORRUPTION EDUCATION)
The article discusses theories of understanding the essence of the development of corruption in modern society, updates the study of a group of heterogeneous conditions and the possibility of their application for the development of the corruption process. The results of the analysis show the role of a systematic approach in the structure of assessing corruption processes in the context of digital transformation. The corruption process is defined as multiple combinations of successive mutual actions of various actors aimed at achieving the set goal and benefit using corruption tools, which are carried out at different levels and with the help of heterogeneous sets of conditions. The presented structure for assessing the development of corruption processes can be included in the programs of anti-corruption educational activities.
Key words: corruption, corruption potential, stages of the corruption process, factors for corruption, pre-corruption situations, anti-corruption education.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.026
I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Ph.D. Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia
JAUKUS OR PROACTIVE PACIFISM OF JAPAN'S SECURITY POLICY IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION
It is shown that Japan's modern security policy is based on Japanese-American relations, including non-nuclear principles. The political position of modern Japan is presented, which is that ASEAN and the Indo-Pacific region should be a stimulator of global growth and Tokyo plans to make a significant contribution to the formation of the sustainability of their economies. The concept of Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, who proclaimed the "diplomacy of realism of the new era" at the international security conference in Singapore (known as "Shangri-La Dialogues") and the intention to promote it in the Indo-Pacific region (ITR), thereby strengthening Japan's role in this region, is considered. The implementation of this program, called "Kishida Vision for Peace", is planned to be carried out in five main directions. The content of these areas of the concept of the Prime Minister of Japan is revealed, which confirms Tokyo's further deeper integration into the implementation of the Indo-Pacific strategy of the United States, that is, Japan is becoming the main pillar and driving force of the United States in the Asia-Pacific region (APR). It is concluded that, ultimately, the AUKUS agreement has an extremely negative impact on the strategic balance of forces and interests, as well as stability, both in the region and in the world.
Key words: proactive pacifism, AUKUS, NATO, Japan Self-Defense Forces, Indo-Pacific region, ASEAN, Japan, USA.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.027
D.D. MAKSIMOVA Candidate of political sciences, acting Head of the Department of International Studies of the Institute of Modern Languages and International Studies of the M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
A.V. PONOMAREVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of International Studies, Institute of Modern Languages and International Studies of the M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University; postgraduate student of the Moscow University for the Humanities, Yakutsk, Russia
SWEDEN IS ONE OF THE INITIATORS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
One of the main challenges of our time is sustainable development, in which development «meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs». In 1992, in Rio de Janeiro, following the results of the Brundtland Commission, the idea of world development, called sustainable development, was officially recognized. The essence of the sustainable development comes down to a balance between the economic, environmental and social spheres of human activity. Therefore, economic growth should not lead to environmental degradation and should be accompanied by the resolution of social problems. A concept of sustainable development has become a key one for the Arctic region recently. The significance of the Arctic for humanity is primarily determined by the fact that this particular region affects the state of the environment around the world and the application of the concept of sustainable development in the Arctic is a strategic decision. Moreover, the Arctic is the territory of individual sovereign states, as well as a region of global significance. Unlike Antarctica, where there is no permanently resident population, the Arctic region consists of eight sovereign states (Russia, USA, Canada, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Sweden), which are responsible for the well-being of their inhabitants of about 4 million people. Sweden, regardless of the fact that it’s one of the circumpolar member countries of the Arctic Council, has long been paying relatively more attention to sustainable development issues than the rest of the world. Since 1970s the position of the Swedish state on many issues is based on sustainable development even before the appearance of the term itself. Documents adopted by Sweden government describing plans for action or development are structurally based on the three dimensions of sustainable development. It is obvious Sweden is a recognized leader in sustainable development due to its historical experience.
Key words: Sweden, Arctic, sustainable development, corporate social responsibility, 17 UN SDGs.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.028
N.V. SHALYGINA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher FBGOU VO Friendship of Peoples, Institute of Ethnology and anthropology N.N. Miklukho-Maclay Russian Academy of Sciences (IEA RAS), Moscow, Russia
GENDER NON-BINARY IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH (FOLLOWING THE WOMEN'S CONFERENCE IN BEIJING 1995)
The World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995, was the fourth event of this magnitude convened by the United Nations to develop a global platform for action in the field of gender equality in the world. In 2020, at the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Beijing Forum, some results of the implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action in various countries of the world were summed up. The purpose of this article was to review the most significant achievements of the women's movement in the countries of the Global South, which have a direct impact on today's politics and public life in the regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. A comparative historical method was used, which made it possible to establish the similarities and differences in the development strategies of the women's movement in such rapidly developing countries as Brazil, India, and Malavia. As a result, it was found that the movement to protect gender diversity (gender nonbinarity) in the countries of the Global South at the present stage has a significant impact on both the domestic and foreign policies of these countries. However, within the movement for gender diversity within the Global South, the struggle between the old and new generations of women activists is intensifying, significantly changing the mainstream of its development soon.
Key words: gender, Global South, feminism, women's activism, ethnic culture.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.029
XU HONGLIANG Senior lecturer, Heihe University Doctoral student of Historical Sciences, Beijing Pedagogical University, Beijing, China
NING YANHONG Chief Scientific Officer, Heihe University, Beijing, China
THE ROLE OF THE CHINESE IN BUILDING SOCIALISM IN THE USSR
The article describes the role of Chinese migrants in the 1917 revolution in Russia and during the construction of socialism in the Soviet Union. The main task of the article is: to consider examples of the participation of Chinese workers in the suppression of the revolution and to highlight the main names of heroes of the RKKA from among the Chinese. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the Chinese in the establishment of the USSR from 1917 to 1924. In order to achieve the goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1. To substantiate the period under study. 2. To identify the main stages of the construction of socialism in the USSR. 3. To analyze the contribution of Chinese migrants to the construction of socialism. The scientific novelty of the article is the study of the role of individual Chinese migrants in preparing the establishment of the Soviet Union on the territory of Russia. The author concludes that Chinese migrants successfully fought for the victory of Soviet power and the establishment of equal rights throughout the country. Chinese migrants were not only part of the Russian army, but were also engaged in hard physical labor, working in construction and industry to fill labor shortages. The ideology of the socialist revolution became close in spirit to the Chinese, as the poor class flourished during the Manchurian dynasty. Chinese migrants were not only part of the Russian army, but were also engaged in hard physical labor, working in construction and industry to fill labor shortages. The ideology of the socialist revolution became close in spirit to the Chinese because during the Manchurian dynasty the poor class flourished.
Key words: China, Russia, Chinese migrants, RSFSR, construction of socialism, RKKA.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.030
S.E. MARTYNENKO PhD in History, Associate Professor, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
SPORTS DIPLOMACY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CHANGING CONTEXT
The article is devoted to the definition of the political and diplomatic potential of sports and its influence on modern international relations. Sports diplomacy is one of the effective means of international influence and competitiveness, an important factor in economic and socio-cultural development on a global scale, and has an impact on all aspects of life. Sport is an organic part of the culture of society and, as a multifaceted social phenomenon, performs significant functions of preparing a person for various types of activity: physical, ethical and aesthetic education, a tool of public diplomacy that solves a wide range of foreign and domestic political tasks. The ability of sports to ensure the achievement of foreign policy results through the creation of an attractive image of the country using information and communication, humanitarian and other methods and technologies is analyzed. The object of the research is sports diplomacy as an integral part of public diplomacy. The relevance of the article is determined by the growing influence of sport on the international agenda, which implies the need to form foreign policy instruments as a system of institutions and communication channels for the interaction of the state with foreign societies that can ensure the effectiveness of public diplomacy. The historical and theoretical foundations of sports diplomacy; changing context of international relations and the model of modern diplomacy; practical aspects of sports diplomacy and its influence on the formation of an attractive image of the country are considered.
Key words: sport, diplomacy, Olympic Games, state, cooperation, politics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.031
V.M. PESHKOVA Cand. Sci. (History.), a Senior Fellow of the Institute of Sociology of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND REGIONAL INEQUALITIES IN RUSSIA: STATEMENT OF A QUESTION
The article attempts to determine the place and role of international migration in the context of regional inequalities in Russia. Namely, how international migration is problematized as important for the regional development. The text considers the change in the number of permanent population and the share of foreign immigrants in the working-age population by regions of Russia; dynamics of migration exchange with the CIS countries on the example of the Central Asian countries as sending of the majority of labor migrants. It is underlined that international migration affects not only the labor markets and the economy of the region, but also leads to greater or lesser complexity (depending on the initial ethnic and religious composition) of the ethno-cultural diversity of its population. It is concluded that the problematization of regional inequalities and international migration occurs in the following areas. First, there is an uneven distribution of different categories, depending on the composition and purpose, of foreign migrants by region. Secondly, there are different political and managerial practices in the field of socio-cultural adaptation and integration of foreign migrants. Thirdly, the attitudes to migration and to migrants have regional differences and depend on the number and density of settlement of migrants, their composition, and the level of socio-economic development as well as the actions of local authorities to satisfy the interests of both migrants and local residents. Each of these characteristics differs from region to region, and they should be considered in a complex and in the context of the conditions and development of a particular Russian region.
Key words: international migration, foreign labor migrants, regional inequalities, attitudes towards migration, social and cultural adaptation, integration of immigrants.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.006
E.P. MAKAROV Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate Professor of the department Philosophy, social sciences and humanities, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia
M.V. KUROCHKIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate Professor of the department General history, law and teaching methods, Samara State Social and Pedagogical University, Samara, Russia
NORTH AMERICAN MARKETS AS AN INDICATOR OF DEVELOPMENT 18TH CENTURY BRITISH TRANSATLANTIC TRADING SYSTEM
This paper presents an analysis of the economic processes that were noticeable in the second half of the 18th century in the relationship between the metropolis and the British North American colonies. The study of the vectors of development of British commercial policy in relation to the North American region helps to identify the links between trade and political spheres of public life. The establishment of such links makes it possible to take a fresh look at already known facts from the history of the North American colonies of Great Britain, and allows us to identify the factors that in the second half of the 18th century marked the growth of political self-awareness in the colonies. The level of development of the colonial markets seriously influenced the formation of a materially comfortable political and economic environment in which the formation of a political culture different from the British, local American took place.
Key words: XVIII century; North American colonies; Great Britain; transatlantic trade; colonial policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.032
A.A. RASSADIN Postgraduate student of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of the Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Queen, Samara, Russia
S.A. MARTYSHKIN Professor, head of department state and municipal administration Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Queen, Samara, Russia
M.D. SHIGIN Postgraduate student of the department of legal support economic activity of the Samara State economic university, Samara, Russia
THE INFLUENCE OF THE DIGITALIZATION PROCESS ON THE CREATION OF FAKE INFORMATION IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL RELATIONS: A RETROSPECTIVE ASPECT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DECRYPTION OF THE ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM, 1917)
The article presents the results of studies related to the influence of the Zimmermann telegram of 1917 on the world community, as well as various points of view of researchers on its role in the historically important period of mankind associated with the involvement of individual countries in the First World War. The object of the study is the social relations that have arisen between states and individuals due to decryption through the use of digitalization methods of the Zimmermann telegram. The subject of the study is the impact of the Zimmermann telegram on major political formations, including international alliances in anticipation of the possibility of even more countries participating in the First World War. The purpose of the work is to comprehensively analyze the content of the Zimmermann telegram, 1917, created as a result of the digitalization of data transmission mechanisms, as well as its impact on the world community, as well as on individual countries, including the Entente. The methodological basis of the study is formed by the historical method, which made it possible to compare the state of affairs on the front of the First World War, as well as to study the final impact of the Zimmermann telegram on the entire world community. The second main method of research was the method of diachronic analysis, which consisted in the study of individual historical processes as temporal and essential changes in the entire historical reality in the plane of human development. In addition to these methods, general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction) were used in the study. The practical significance of the study is due to the fact that it revealed problems associated with the lack of awareness of individual subjects about the real state of affairs in international relations of that time and showed the imperfection of the methods of transmitting information. The results of the study can be used in the educational process and in the teaching of specialized disciplines.
Key words: digitalization, foreign policy processes, international unions, international relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.033
M.E. RODIONOVA Candidate of Science in Sociology, Associate Professor, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Political Sciences, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
V.G. GIMALIEV Doctor or Philosophy, Associate Professor of Department of foreign languages N2, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia
N.A. NAZAROVA Director, Autonomous non-profit organization "Institute for the Development of Entrepreneurship and Economics", Moscow, Russia
ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL NETWORKS AND MEDIA RESOURCES OF THE LEADERS OF THE RULING GERMAN PARTIES IN 2022
The article presents an analysis on social networks of the three ruling German parties forming a traffic light coalition together, as well as an analysis of the main party websites as of the end of 2022. In German politics, the Traffic Light Coalition is a coalition government of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the Free Democratic Party (FDP) and the Alliance 90/Greens. The coalition is named after the traditional colors of the parties, respectively red, yellow and green. The material reveals not only a brief history of the creation of the party, but also immerses in the analysis of the activity of party leaders in social networks and media resources.
Key words: communication channels, political PR, Germany, social networks, SPD, FDP, Greens, traffic light coalition.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.034
R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D. (Economics), Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
A.V. GRISHKINA Master’s Degree Student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL PAYMENT RELATIONS AT THE PRESENT STAGE: THE DE-DOLLARIZATION SCENARIO
In the context of intensifying deglobalization processes, when countries on the periphery openly express their dissatisfaction with the pressure exerted on them by the collective West, Russia, as the main “target” for the US and the EU, is forced to take retaliatory measures against the sanctions policy pursued against it.
Key words: Russia, NPS, World, dedollaziation, payment systems, sanctions, SWIFT.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.035
G.A. YAGAFAROVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Institute of Chemical Technologies and Engineering of USPTU, Sterlitamak, Russia
A.S. CHERNOVA Magister of the Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering USPTU, Sterlitamak, Russia
A.I. PATRAEVA Magister of the Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering USPTU, Sterlitamak, Russia
A.A. PUPYSHEVA Magister of the Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering USPTU, Sterlitamak, Russia
INTERCULTURAL ADAPTATION AND WORKPLACE ADAPTATION
Intercultural adaptation is one of the factors influencing the successful transition of migrants to a new workplace. The purpose of this article is to get an idea of the cultural adaptation of visiting workers, professionals in their field of activity, from the point of view of organizing the workspace and supporting adaptation to the new environment. The theory of integrative communication was used to explain the interaction between migrants and the conditions of the organization of the workplace. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach. The thematic analysis revealed two fundamental ones: a) the elimination of problems arising in the new working environment and b) the provision of support to foreign workers by management. The empirical data obtained show that migrants face many problems in the organization of the workplace. It is the support of management that is the most important aspect in the adaptation process that affects successful adaptation.
Key words: interactive communication, adaptation of foreign employees, migrants, cross-culture.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.036
A.Y. BORZOVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
E.A. SOLODUKHINA Student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
V.V. SKORIKOV Student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
O.V. KEMBEL Student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
V.E. MARCHENKOVA Student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
CHENG ZICHAO Student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
ECONOMIC RIVALRY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA IN BRAZIL DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF THE "RIGHT" M. TEMER AND J. BOLSONARO (2016-2022)
Modern Brazil is one of the top ten countries in the world, ranking seventh in terms of GDP, is a recognized leader in the region, plays an important role on the world stage. Significant economic potential and fairly stable growth rates make Brazil an attractive partner for trade, economic and investment cooperation. In foreign policy, the country stands for multipolarity, seeks to find opportunities for expanding autonomy, equidistant position in relation to the opposing powers, rational use of national wealth. The aggravation of inter-American relations caused by the desire of the United States to dominate leads to the development of the concept of "autonomy through diversification", the expansion of foreign trade partners in the name of their national interests. This article aims to compare the features of Brazil's trade with the United States and China, to consider Chinese and American investments in a Latin American country, as well as to identify Brazil's interest in the "One Belt, One Road" initiative using quantitative and qualitative methods of analyzing international relations, based on the concepts of the Latin American school of autonomy. The study confirms that, despite the coming to power of presidents from the "right" bloc, the foreign policy strategy of "autonomy through diversification" has remained unchanged, in the face of increasing economic rivalry between the United States and China in this region.
Key words: Brazil, China, the United States of America, Latin American school of autonomy, autonomy through diversification, economic cooperation, foreign direct investment, international trade.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.037
SU SHUAI PhD Student, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AS A TOOL OF POLITICAL CHINESE-RUSSIAN INTERACTION
The article deals with topical aspects of public diplomacy as a tool of soft power of modern states, implemented through modern channels of communication with audiences in foreign countries. Appeal to this topic is relevant due to the insufficient study of the practice of implementing public diplomacy and the search for new forms of the soft power strategy of China and the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the use of public diplomacy tools in the current realities of the modern world, characterized by a significant spread of information technologies. The methodology of the article, in addition to the general scientific apparatus, involves the use of historical and comparative methods in the analysis of the development of public diplomacy and the use of its tools by modern states; the participation of non-governmental organizations as actors of public diplomacy is considered with the help of event analysis. As a result of the analysis, a comparison was made of the specifics of the implementation of public diplomacy in China, the Russian Federation and the European Union, mainly in the context of the participation of non-governmental organizations. It is concluded that there are a number of characteristic differences in the forms of participation of non-governmental organizations in Russia and the European Union, and the positive advantages of using this tool by foreign countries in order to borrow positive foreign experience from Russia are highlighted. The Russian authorities are aware that public diplomacy is an important tool for achieving their foreign policy goals more effectively, and that in Russia, as in Europe, non-governmental organizations are key elements in this activity. Russian public diplomacy needs to modify traditional forms of interaction with foreign audiences, including by expanding funding and geographical coverage.
Key words: soft power, foreign policy, public diplomacy, Russian-Chinese interaction.
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.038
YA.A. AVAKYAN Master of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
ISLAMIC FINANCING MODEL IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: TO BE OR NOT TO BE?
The Islamic economic model of financing, due to its prospects, is actively gaining recognition in different countries of the world and is increasingly being studied today. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to modernize the structure of the banking sector in the Russian Federation, in order to expand investment products, as well as attract foreign investors to the Russian economic market.
Key words: Islamic economic system, Islamic finance, Muslims, banking.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.039
D.V. BRATKOVSKAYA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
Ya.D. ROGOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
E.I. GORBENKOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
THE ROLE OF THE UN AND ITS SPECIALIZED AGENCIES IN ENSURING COOPERATION BETWEEN STATES IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
The problems of ecology and climatic changes in the environment are today at the forefront of the foreign policy agenda of many states, including the strongest actors in the international arena. This does not allow us to ignore their joint activities in this vector, cooperation in the implementation of environmental protection strategies and building plans to prevent irreversible climate change. Globalization forces states to unite against a common threat, and international organizations do not stand aside. And of course, it is the United Nations that is the most important body for consolidating the efforts of states. In this article, the author considers how the principles of international law affect the counteraction to the threat of climate change; studies the activities of individual UN agencies to ensure cooperation between states in environmental protection.
Key words: international relations, international organizations, international economy, United Nations, UN, ecology, environmental changes, global warming, environmental threat.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.93.12.040
YU.S. KUZIURA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
A.L. RYCHKOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
SPORTS DIPLOMACY AS AN INSTRUMENT OF "SOFT POWER" IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF STATES
In the modern world, professional sport is an influential aspect and a significant part of public and political life. Numerous examples of sports interactions at the international level confirm that sport can be expediently and justifiably ranked as an independent tool of "soft power". Very often this "tool" is used by politicians to create and strengthen their own image in the political arena. Trends in the development of sports strengthen its association with various spheres of public life of people, including economics and politics. As a tool, sport can be used to establish good-neighbourly relations between states, act as a catalyst for the mutual enrichment of cultures, intensify cultural and humanitarian exchanges, and even contribute to the solution of major diplomatic issues. These factors determine the relevance of the use of sports as a foreign policy tool for Russia, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. International sports events form the image of the state, and the task of maintaining its own image in the eyes of the countries of its closest neighbors, as well as the strengthening of allied relations resulting from it, remains relevant for our country, especially in the current political situation. In the article, the author explores the factor of sport in foreign policy: considers the concept and essence of "sports diplomacy", its application as an element of "soft power".
Key words: international relations, foreign policy, soft power, sports, diplomacy, sports diplomacy.