Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Issue 3 (34), 2016
CONTENTS
DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN HISTORY
STATE AND LAW
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNIC POLICY
ETHNO-POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN HISTORY
G.Т. SARDARYAN PhD (political sciences) Deputy Director, International Institute of Administration, MGIMO of Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
ULTRAMONTANE PARTY AND PONTIFICATE OF PIUS IX IN THE PRISM OF UNIFICATION PROCESSES IN EUROPE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
The subject of research is the position of the Catholic Church on the most important aspects of political and economic development of the society during the pontificate of Pope Pius IX, the beginning of which was marked by the desire of the Pope to liberalize both the Church structure and its attitude to the political processes in Europe, and which, however, ended with the most reactionary position, expressed in the symbolic act of Syllabus, symbolizing ultramontanism. The work uses both politological and general scientific research methods such as historical, value-normative, institutional and other The main conclusions of the study reflect the author's views that Pope Pius IX was originally one of the most liberal-minded popes of our time, however, the rather ambiguous position of the liberal movement and revolutionary groups began to symbolize reactionism.
Key words: Catholic social teaching, religion, politics, Risorgimento, Italian unification, German unification, encyclical, Catholic Church, Christianity, human rights.
S.K. SHAKHOV the candidate of political Sciences, Vice-rector of DIRO, Makhachkala, Russia
THE ROLE OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE EVENTS BETWEEN FEBRUARY REVOLUTION AND OCTOBER REVOLUTION 1917
In the work the questions of historical events of February and October revolutions of 1917 in Russia will be considered in view of the transition period in the forming the governance. The problems, forms and methods of the governance organization in this period have been analyzed. The key components of democracy and the principles of federalism for the successful implementation of etnonational interests of the peoples of the North Caucasus will be determined.
Key words: federation, solidarity, proletariat, identity, ethnocentrism, urbanization, government.
A.S. KONDRAHINA PhD student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
ECOLOGY AND ITS STUDY IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE
The article deals with questions such as: formation of ecological concepts in the history of philosophy and science, the problems of modern ecology and its philosophy, ecological and political risks as the field of study of modern political science: philosophical and social trends considering risk.
Key words: ecology, history, philosophy, science, problems of modern ecology, ecological and political risks.
STATE AND LAW
M.L. LEBEDEVA PhD in politics, associate professor at Political Science of the Russian State Agrarian University – MSHA K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL AND LEGAL NATURE OF THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERALISM
The purpose of writing this article - the theoretical understanding of the power of organization practices the federal structure, the correlation with the unitary state model of building (on the example of the French Republic). Subject of research – the political and legal components of the political transformation of the existing federal relations in Russia. As the object of study are the political actors – the «center» and «regions». System-structural method in which social relations are seen as a holistic system of interrelations of phenomena and events of the political process, the level of relations «center – regions», allow you to define basic essential content of this research topic. The comparative method to determine the possibility of changing the form of state-territorial structure of Russia itself. Analysis of Russian and foreign sources leads to the conclusion that the major issues raised in the article is relevant to the current stage of development. Research is possible on the basis of a study of existing research. A comprehensive study of all aspects of the organization of the regional management of France, holding a comparative analysis of the unitary and federal state and territorial models of construction, allowed the author to identify the nature of perfection possible transformation of Russian federalism.
Key words: power, state, federalism, state, politics.
D.V. SOKOLOV Lipetsk branch of the Financial University under the Government of Russian Federation, Lipetsk, Russia
IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION SECURITY POLICY IN THE FIELD OF LAWMAKING
The subject of the research is the public relations connected with the process of implementation of information technologies in the activities of representative bodies. Modern society is characterized by a continuous process of improvement of information technologies and implementation thereof in many areas of life. The relevance of this article due to the fact that the constantly increasing rate of introduction of the achievements of progress in the information activities of the society and the state, which leads to the fact that part of the public relations gradually acquires a new form – e. Therefore, in this article, the author considered the topical issues of implementation of the state policy in the field of information security activities of the legislative bodies of the Russian Federation. These problems are the author viewed through the prism of information technology and security itself as itself the legislative process, and the effectiveness of the apparatus of representative government. On the basis of the research methods used in the framework of political science: sociological, comparative legal, sociological, systemic, structural and functional, the author came to the following conclusions set out. Conclusions and novelty of the research lies in the fact that the improvement of the legal provision of information public authorities shall be implemented through the development and adoption of a number of regulations, in particular the Federal Law "On State Information Resources Development", "On the objects of intellectual property in the information sphere" Law "On the state register of population of the Russian Federation", federal Law "On the objects of intellectual property in the information sphere", the federal Law "On the management of federal information resources", the federal Law "On documentation of information and document management in the conditions of informatization".
Key words: information security, legislative bodies, legislative process, governance, efficiency, public information resource, information society, information space, information culture, e-parliament.
S.P. BORTNIKOV Samara national research university named academic S.P. Korolev, Samara, Russia
TAX RESPONSIBILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR VIOLATION OF THE BUDGET LEGISLATION RUSSIAN FEDERATION
In article the question of nature and communication of violation of tax regulation and its consequences in other industries of Russian law is researched. The question that feature of the analysis of institute of responsibility for violation of the budget legislation consists in differentiation of the financial responsibility from the civil, criminal and administrative right is put. The type of responsibility and its industry accessory are determined by nature of the protected interest: in case of violation of valuable interest rules of civil responsibility are applied, in case of violation of tax laws – tax responsibility. The purpose of this article consists in showing that despite determination of a tax law as a source of replenishment of treasury, questions of violation of tax regulations do not exert any impact on the fact of a budget law breach. As the author has tried to show, the institute of responsibility for violation of the budget legislation by the nature most answers sense and a form of responsibility as obligations to give the account in the actions. When writing article the author used methodology of the scientific theoretical analysis, and also system approach to a material statement. In the course of research of a subject the author determines connection of a budget law breach with the reaction of the state which is expressed not in punitive measures, but in return of the broken order to its regulatory condition. The author pushes the thesis that enforcement measures are aimed at preserving the regulatory relation and are urged to promote its recovery in case of improper conduct of subjects of the budget process.
Key words: a penalty, recovery of the right, the regulatory and guarding relations, the protected interest, a responsibility type, treasury, the budget responsibility, the violated right, responsibility of the public subject, wrongful acts, the responsibility purpose.
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNIC POLICY
N.P. МEDVEDEV Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Professor, Chair of political analysis and management, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
ETHNO-POLITICAL REGIONALISTICS OF RUSSIA
The article for the first time introduces into scientific circulation the concept of “ethno-political regionalistics of Russia” in the framework of the new directions of political science “Ethno-political regionalistics”. It proves the necessity of introducing “ethno-political regionalistics of Russia” as a new scientific discipline in connection with the relevance of the issues of the impact of ethnic and religious factors on administrative and territorial structure of Russia, its political stability and integrity of the state. It emphasizes the significance of the problems studied by the ethno-political regionalistics for the development of Russian federalism.
Key words: ethno-political regionalistics of Russia, ethno-politics, regional ethno-political process, ethno-territorial autonomy, national republics, the international experience of ethno-regional development.
К.S. GADZHIEV Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor, chief researcher, National research Institute of world economy and international affairs named after Yevgeny M. Primakov, a professor at the Faculty of politology of the Moscow State Lomonosov University, Moscow, Russia
ON THE ISSUE OF CIVILIZATIONAL IDENTITY OF THE CAUCASUS
In the present article the author attempts to analyze some aspects that have a more or less serious impact on civilization, ethnopolitical, political and cultural identity of the Caucasus. His main task the author considers to be the identification of a number of factors that determine such a feature as the organic combination of unity and fragmentation. In this context the question of the challenges and opportunities to achieve some form of unity and stability in this conflict region is raised.
Key words: Caucasus, civilization, identity, nation, ethnic group, con-conflict, politics, land, space, unity, fragmentation.
E.S. KARSANOVA Doctor of Political Science Professor at the Department of Government and Public Administration Odintsovo branch of MGIMO University, Odintsovo (Moscow region), Russia
ETHNICAL FACTOR IN DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN STATEHOOD
In this article author analyses ethno-national politics of Moscow State, scrutinizes different scenarios of inclusion territories with different cultures into Russian Empire. Author put special attention to non-symmetrical character of national policy of Tsar’s government than included the opposite models of ethno-politics varying from soft assimilation to oppressive policy towards ethnic and local political interests. Comparing ethno-national politics of Tsar State and Soviet Government author marked out integrative and disintegrant factors in development of Russian multinational state.
Key words: national policy, ethno-politics, multinational state, ethno-political conflicts.
Т.А. NIGMATULLINA Doctor of Political Sciences, Director of the Educational Institution of the Trade Unions of Higher Professional Education «Academy of Labor and Social Relations» Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies (branch of), Ufa, Russia
ETHNICITY POLITICIZATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF REGIONAL FEDERALISM
The claim that the ethnic factor is in the modern world one of the most important political resources, can be considered conclusive. The emergence of such a resource that is associated with the revival of ethnic consciousness of peoples of the world, where the genre of political idealism, ethnic, and religious, cultural, civilizational and other identification of differences should not matter in the political process, in fact, exacerbate real political agenda and, as a consequence, lead to the politicization of ethnic resource. The article examines the politicization of ethnicity in regional processes, which, in the opinion of the author is objective.
Key words: ethnicity, regional political processes, national and Federative relations, the unity of diversity, politicization, resource, balance, federalism.
M.H. EKZEKOV working for a doctorate degree at the Chair of national and federative relations of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and State Service, President of the International Association of Assistance to Development of the Abaza-Abkhazian ethnos (ELN) "Alashara", Moscow, Russia
ON THE ISSUE OF ETHNO-CULTURAL FACTOR IN THE POLITICAL LIFE OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS
The article analyzes some of the most important, from the point of view of the author, factors that have a more or less noticeable effect on the political realities of the national republics of the North Caucasus region. It is shown that, from this point of view the key factor is the multinational composition of the population. Due to a combination of factors on the one hand, the fragmentation and localization of ethnic identification there have been inherent in the ethnic diversity of the region. On the other hand, many of the autochthonous ethnic groups living in the region for centuries, and even millennia, have retained a sense of kinship and close ties with each other. These features are somehow recognized as national identity respective ethnic groups, as well as their understanding of the political realities.
Key words: North Caucasus, region, history, politics, republic, nation, ethnic group, culture, identity, conflict.
М.М. GADZHIEV candidate of political sciences, аssociate professor of philosophy and socio-political sciences of the Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
INTERACTION PARTNER, PATRONAGE AND CONFLICT MODELS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN
In this article the author analyzes the model of inter-ethnic relations in the Republic of Dagestan, highlighting three "ideal" model – a partnership, patronage and conflict. The author dwells on the main characteristics of each model, considering especially their compatibility and implementation in the Republic of Dagestan. The conclusion about the need to develop an integrated model of interethnic relations management as the most realistic and adequate political situation in the region.
Key words: Dagestan, North Caucasus, ethnic relations, partnership model, the conflict model, patronage model.
J.M. BORBODOEV PhD (pedagogical sciences), working for the doctoral degree at the Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
CORRELATION OF NATIONAL AND ETHNIC IDENTITY
Considering the problem of the relationship between national and ethnic identity, the author proceeded from a methodological setup proposed by Russian researcher V.M. Mezhuev that nation as opposed to the ethnic group , stresses that nation as opposed to the ethnic group, emphasizes " ... that is what was given to me is not the fact of my birth, and my own efforts and personal choice. Ethnicity did not choose, as a nation, can choose ... A nation - a state, social cultural identity of the individual ...". Based on this approach, analyzing the national and ethnic identity of the ratio indicates that they are in terms of content are different: national identity is based on the basic concept of "nation», which is historically a folding type of ethnic group, which is reproduced on the basis of common territory, economic ties, language, some culture, the psychological make-up and ethnic identity. The specifics and peculiarities of national identity cannot be understood without the function that performs the national identification. Therefore, the main function of national identity is to make the population homogeneous, soak common interests and ideas, to ensure social cohesion and unity of the state and the people.
Key words: nation, ethnicity, identity, ethnic relations, ethnic relations.
A.R. SULEYMANOV candidate of political Sciences, doctoral candidate, Department of national and Federal relations Russian Academy of national economy and state service under the President of Russia, Ufa, Russia
THE FEDERAL REGION AS THE POLITICAL ACTOR IN SYSTEM OF REALIZATION OF THE STATE NATIONAL POLICY
In terms of federalism of particular importance is the optimization model of national and Federal relations at the level of individual regions (subjects of the Russian Federation), historically has a unique capacity in the implementation of political decisions, but within a single political system and federated statehood. This article examines the political subjectivity and the objectivity of the inhomogeneous regions in the field of ethnic relations, their role in strengthening the integrity of Federal Russia.
Key words: political science, federalism, political subjectivity, political actor, region, national and Federal relations, national policy consensus.
E.G. MAKLASHOVA PhD in Political (candidate of political science), Research fellow of the Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
MODERN RUSSIAN APPROACHES TO INTERPRETATION OF NATION AND NATIONAL POLICIES: TO THE ADJUSTMENT OF THE ISSUES
In this article, the author refers to the analysis of theoretical views of modern Russian scientists. The attention is drawn to scientific approaches to understanding the nation and national policies that take into account the specifics of Russian ethno-national situation. The author's interpretation of the definition of "nation" and the system of relationships "nation – state" is offered there. Based on the proposed corrections on the generalization of scientific concepts of national policy, the author defines integrative and perspective model of national policy – the dual concept of national policy taking into account modern ethno-national trends in Russia.
Key words: nation, national policy, concepts of national policy, over national community.
D.М. SARUKHANYAN Master of cultural studies, Sochi, Russia
FEATURES OF ETHNIC CONFLICT IN THE METROPOLIS
Тhe paper discusses the problem of ethnic confrontation among the youth of the modern metropolis. The rise of ethnic conflicts contribute to the current problems associated with extremism. Often extremism is perceived as a whole with the religious preferences and national origin. In consciousness of youth there is no division between Islam and Wahhabism, criminal "dismantlings" and conflicts among Caucasians and immigrants from Central Asia. All the foregoing leads to the rise of the protest moods of the society.
Key words: national identity, extremism, ethnic strife, ethnic conflict, conflict.
ETHNO-POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
B.B. NIMAEVA Ph.D. (political sciences), associate Professor, Head of the Center for ethno-social research and cross-border cooperation of the Chita branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chita, Russia
STEREOTYPES OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND MONGOLIA AS A FACTOR OF EFFECTIVE EXTERNAL ACTIVITIES
The text is about the system of widespread stereotypes in the group of Russia in Mongolia that let us analyze the problems in foreign orientation of two countries in their retrospective; development of Russian-Mongolian social –economic prospect relations across Mongolian outlook “image of Russia” is being studied; a causal relationship of negative stereotypes in social mentality formed with bad balanced realization of the Russian foreign activities in Mongolia in the 1990s; conditions and factors of the projects that supply or interrupt realizations of large interstate relations are being studied.
Key words: Mongolia, stereotypes, construction, image of Russia, diplomacy.
NJEGOŠ MANOJLOVIC Post-graduate student at the Foreign Relations Department of the Diplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AT THE PRESENT STAGE
The features of the bilateral relations of Serbia and the Russian Federation are analyzed: the continuation and deepening of the strategic partnership between the two countries in political, economic, military and industrial areas, based on the ethnic and religious closeness of Russian and Serbian peoples and mutual historical destiny, mutual economic benefits, as well as continued compliance with the fundamental principles of international law.
Key words: Serbia, strategic partnership, Foreign policy of Serbia, Russian-Serbian relations.
B.R. MURZAGALEEV an expert at the Center for Geopolitical Studies "Berlek-unity", the post-graduate student of Philosophy and Political Science Department of the Bashkir state university, Ufa, Russia
DIASPORA MODELS OF REGISTRATION OF THE POST-SOVIET SPACE: POLITOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT
Overcoming of ethnic differences in societies, which are often turned into politically significant and lead to the ethnic tensions and conflicts, depends on the institutional design of sociocultural groups in the multipartite states. This article examines the model of institutional consolidation of diasporas in the post-Soviet region. As a theoretical basis in the article were used two models: integrative and consociational democratic.
Key words: Diaspora, the post-Soviet space, political process model, integrative, consociational democratic political institution.
А.B. ABDULLAEVA post-graduate student, Department of national and federative relations of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
AZERBAIJAN’S OFFICIAL POLICY TOWARDS ETHNIC MINORITIES: INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
This paper is devoted to the state policy towards ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan. The author analyzed the legislation which defines Azerbaijan’s policy towards ethnic minorities, namely International Treaties, and materials reflecting the government’s policy towards minorities.
Key words: ethnic minorities, policy towards ethnic minorities, indigenous peoples, legislation, international treaties, human rights.