Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 8. Issue 6 (45), 2018.

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

POLITICAL CULTURE, RELIGION AND MASS-MEDIA

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT

FOREIGN HISTORY

REVIEWS

Suleymanova Sh.S. Review on the Article by D.B. Kurmanova, N.P. Parkhitko “Theological Articulation and Mediatization in the Media of Georgia and Turkey. Comparative Analysis”

Medvedev N.P., Slisovskiy D.E., Oryel N.A. Review on the Article by Е.Е. Nechai, D.D. Prokopchuk, R.А. Gritsenko “Institutionalization of Political Parties: International Experience”

Our authors № 6-2018

DOMESTIC HISTORY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

I.A. BULATOV Ph.D., Associate Professor, Russian History and Culture Department, Saratov State Technical University, Saratov, Russia

Yu.M. BYSTROVA Ph.D., Associate Professor, Russian History and Culture Department, Saratov State Technical University, Saratov, Russia

HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION OF RUSSIAN NATIONAL CULTURE IN THE EARLY XX CENTURY: IMPERIAL AND ETHNIC ASPECTS

The relevance of the formation of Russian national culture in the early twentieth century under the influence of different types of nationalism, caused by the close relationship of this process with the present. Modern types of Russian nationalism, as well as the traditional culture to which they appeal, were formed at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Its mean, that understanding of many modern political and social processes is impossible without proper study of their roots. The article deals with the phenomenon of two types of Russian nation and two Russian nationalisms, the existence of which was one of the characteristic features of the life of the Russian Empire in the late XIX – early XX century. In the article considers the view of these concepts in modern scientific literature, highlights different theoretical approaches, such as constructivism and ethnosymbolism. One of the examples of creation of the Russian nationalism and construction, under its influence, of Russian national culture, the article of the famous critic and publicist D. Philosophov was used. In his work analyzed the Igor Grabar's book "History of Russian art", and, in particular, the views of I. Grabar on national culture. Attention is focused on architecture. The author reveals the opposition of the views of the representatives of the creative intelligentsia to the Imperial discourse in relation to the Russian traditional culture.

Key words: nationalism, Imperial nationalism, ethno-nationalism, ethnosymbolism, architecture, traditional culture, Russian culture, Russian history, history of social thought.

N.A. PETROV Candidate of Sciences (history), associate Professor at the Chair of archeology, ethnography and regional history, Chuvash State University named after I. N. Ulyanov, Cheboksary, Russia

EVOLUTION OF THE CHUVASH FAMILY AND MARRIAGE RITUALS IN THE SECOND HALF OF XX – EARLY XXI CENTURIES

The specificity of ethnic culture is clearly manifested in the ritual sphere, above all, in the customs and rituals of the family and household circle. Family rites to a certain extent are conservative, due to the intimacy of traditions they last longer than in other areas of the social sphere. The birth of children according to the Chuvash ideas was the main aim of women’s life, it was socially significant. The system of relationships in the family and society was built on it. Reproduction customs and rituals occupied a significant place in the system of family traditions of the Chuvash people, some of them are preserved today. The main groups of reproduction ritual actions include syndiasmic, aphoristic or carpogenic ceremonies. The largest number rituals recorded in the Chuvash family rites are of carpogenic character.

Key words: reproduction rites, family rites, ritual, Chuvash, wedding ceremonies, childbearing, fertility symbolism, urban rites.

V.S. AKIMOVA PhD, associate Professor Department of world, national history, Ethnology, archaeology, faculty of history North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia

Yu.N. YERMOLAYEVA PhD, associate Professor Department of world, national history, Ethnology, archaeology, faculty of history North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia

M.F. MARKOVA PhD, associate Professor Department of world, national history, Ethnology, archaeology, faculty of history North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia

YUKAGHIR WEDDING CEREMONY: TRADITIONS, HISTORY AND MODERNITY

The article contains a description and analysis of the Yukaghir wedding. The main attention is paid to the identification of the Yukaghirs types of marriage in the historical past and its transformation in modern conditions of national and cultural revival. The authors emphasize that the wedding ceremony of the Yukaghirs until the beginning of the XX century retained features characteristic of two types of marriage: matrilocal and patrilocal. For the taiga Yukagir group is characterized by the preservation of archaic traditions of the parent filiali for until the mid-XX century Wedding ritual of the Yukaghirs begins to transform and acquire other elements and form 20-ies of XX century significant was the transition to sedentary life, the process of socialization of the population. Currently, Yukaghirs are characterized by elements of the "European" common form of weddings, where there is no place for traditional Yukaghir wedding ceremonies.

Key words: the wedding ceremony, the Yukaghirs, reconstruction, marriage, matrilocally and patrilocally, transformation.

T.V. BESSONOVA candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, Naberezhnye Chelny Institute of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia

STRUCTURAL AND TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RUSSIAN PHILISTINE FAMILY OF KAZAN OF THE MID-XIX CENTURY

The article examines the structural and typological characteristics of the Russian bourgeois family of Kazan in the middle of the XIX century. on the eve of the Great Reforms. Based on the list of Kazan burghers of 1858, a computer database of burgher families of the city was compiled. The analysis of this document made it possible to reconstruct such demographic characteristics as population, the ratio of men and women, the generational structure of the family, the number of children in petty-bourgeois families. To determine the typology of families, the method of P. Laslett was used, as a result of which the main types of households of Kazan burghers were identified. The findings suggest that the structural and quantitative characteristics of the Kazan bourgeois family in the middle of the XIX century approaching the values that residents of many cities in Russia reached only by the end of the century, when bourgeois modernization was completed. This trend is characteristic of the industrialized cities of Russia, where the urban lifestyle has developed, which has a significant impact on human social life.

Key words: the bourgeois family, demographic characteristics, family typology, population, generation structure, number of children, household.

I.V. POTAPOVA candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, Khabarovsk, Russia

JAPANESE POWS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR ON THE TERRITORY OF KHABAROVSK REGION

After the defeat and capitulation of the Kwantung army in September - August 1945, parts of the Soviet armed forces captured thousands of Japanese soldiers who were on the territory of the USSR and were sent to the rear camps of the interior Ministry and the NKVD in 30 regions of the Soviet Union, including the Khabarovsk territory. The article deals with the organization of camps and special hospitals for prisoners of war in the territory of the region, their content in the camp № 5. The main attention is paid to the burial places of the camp, its departments and special hospitals, as well as work on the exhumation of the remains of Japanese citizens and their export to Japan. The author, considering the issue of Japanese military graves, based on published sources and unpublished documents, mainly from the personal archive Potapova Galina Nikitichna, which since 1993 is engaged in the direct organization of visits of Japanese delegations, accompanying them on trips to the edge, assists in the survey of burial sites of Japanese citizens. The study of this problem is relevant for the understanding of modern relations and the preservation of good-neighborly relations between Japan and Russia.

Key words: World war II, camps and special facilities for Japanese prisoners of war, Khabarovsk Region, a survey of military graves and the exhumation of the remains.

E.O. STAROVOITOVA assistant at the Chair of theory of social development of Asian and African countries, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

D.G. YANCHENKO Candidate of Sciences (history), associate Professor of the Institute of history, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

ROLE OF CHINESE MIGRANTS IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA AT THE TURN OF XIX-XX CENTURIES

The problems of Sino-Russian relations in the Russian Far East and Northeast China in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries are recently of particular interest of both Russian and foreign scholars. The economic expansion of the Great Powers in the Far East fully affected Russia. The development of a sparsely populated region, just as 110 years ago, remains one of the priorities of the Russian government. The article is dedicated to the role of Chinese immigrants in the economic development of the region in late XIXth – early XXth c.

Key words: Russia, China, Sino-Russian relations, Russian Far East, colonization, Chinese immigrants.

O.V. LEBEDEVA PhD (Candidate of Social Sciences), associate Professor, MGIMO Diplomacy Department, Moscow, Russia

THE SOVIET MILITARY DIPLOMACY TO EXPAND INTERACTION WITH THE UNITED STATES AND GREAT BRITAIN DURING THE GREAT WORLD WAR

The article is devoted to the role of the USSR, the United States and Great Britain in concluding bilateral treaties that became the basis for cooperation during the Great Patriotic War and the main areas of cooperation between the parties in the field of military diplomacy as a tool of foreign policy.

Кеу words: military diplomacy, bilateral treaties, military operations, Soviet diplomacy.

N.V. SHCHEGLOV graduate student Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

ORTODOX PARISH OBSERVANCE OF RUSSIAN CHERCH ACCEPTED BY THE AII-RUSSIAN CONGRESS OF CLERDGY AND LAITY OF 1917

The aim of this article is to identify the decisions of the All-Russian Congress of Clergy and Laity in 1917 is to develop the diocesan administration of the Russian Orthodox Church. To achieve this goal, the object is set: to make a reappraisal of all documents of the work of the Congress and determine their scientific potential in this area for the first time ever. The methodological framework of the research is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and system. An analysis of the research problem showed that All-Russian congress of the clergy and laity of 1917 drafted the observance of Orthodox parish, which became a part of reform proposed by the congress for the internal structure of the Russian Church.

Key words: Russian Orthodox Church, All-Russian congress, diocesan congresses, diocesan administration.

POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

V.V. KOMLEVA Doctor of Sciences (sociology), Dean of the faculty of international regional research and regional management of the Institute of Public Administration and Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

R.I. BALBEK post-graduate student at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TO ENSURE POLITICAL STABILITY ON THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA (1784-1991)

The article analyzes technologies applied to ensure political stability in Crimea from 1784 to 1991. The authors identify recurring technologies and technologies conditioned by the features of a particular historical period. It is argued that the region has historically been considered as a special economic, political and cultural subsystem of Russia. The technologies were aimed at the formation of common cultural and economic space and state identity. Due to the specificity of the region special technologies of social and economic development, special staffing technology and special technology for ensuring interethnic harmony were applied.

The authors suggest that modern technologies should be developed with the account for the historical experience aimed at ensuring stability, as well as such features of the region, as historically more active civic actors participating in the political life of the region (in comparison with other regions of Russia); the topicality of the Crimean Tatar issue throughout history, quick actualization of historical grievances and injuries; pragmatism in the activities of opposition forces; tough competition of geopolitical interests in the Black Sea region; the need to ensure social cohesion and the balance of interests between the local and central elites and significant population groups.

Key words: political stability, political technology, geopolitical interests, Crimea, region, ethno-political conflicts, Crimean Tatars.

A.A. AMIANTOV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), chief specialist of the Department for the organizational support of the legislative process of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, associate Professor at the Chair of political analysis and management, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

M.Yu. PAVLUKOV Candidate of Sciences (law), Moscow, Russia

SOME ASPECTS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE STATE DUMA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article discusses various ways of interaction between the Government of the Russian Federation and the State Duma. The article considers the impact of the State Duma deputies on the Government and also various forms of parliamentary control.

Key words: interaction, the State Duma, Government, government hour, parliamentary control.

Е.Е. NECHAI Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), associate Professor at the Chair of politology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

D.D. PROKOPCHUK bachelor of political science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

R.А. GRITSENKO bachelor of political science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

Political parties do not arise by themselves. This process is preceded by various factors and events that take place in the state. When the government realizes the need for the existence of parties in society, the natural question arises of legislative regulation within the political system. In this way, the process of institutionalization proceeds, which is manifested in two interrelated directions: in constitutionalization, i.e. inclusion in the Constitution of the basic principles of the status of political parties; and legislative institutionalization, as a result of which the legal status of parties is further regulated by law. Many states in the world came to this understanding at different times and took into account their own specifics, thereby forming a huge base for the world community, which can later be used during the formation of a democratic state or changes in legislation. This article analyzes the Constitutions of many European states and the peculiarity of current legislations, which reflect the fact that the special laws that are being created possess a wide range of powers, thereby trying to cover all the important aspects of parties, such as laws governing the financial relations between the state and political parties. which are very important within the state.

Key words: party building, political parties, world community, constitution, institutionalization, political institution, law, political power, elections, national interests, parliamentary system.

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

V.N. MEDVEDEV Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor Associate Professor of the Department of State and legal disciplines IGSU RANHiGS under the President of the Russian Federation, Head of the administrative proceedings State Construction Supervision Committee of Moscow, Moscow, Russia

REFORMING THE CONTROL AND OVERSIGHT ACTIVITIES OF THE EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF RUSSIAN FEDERALISM

This article is devoted to the problems of transformation of legislation on the control and supervisory activities of executive bodies. The article also raised issues of improving the interaction of control and supervisory authorities and SRO. Separately, the author considered changes to the town-planning legislation introduced by the Federal Law of 03.07.2016 No. 372-FZ.

Key words: reform, control, supervision, authorities, construction, self-regulation, organizations, problems.

JAVAD HAFIZULLA post-graduate student, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Herat, Afghanistan

ETHNOPOLITICAL SITUATION IN AFGANISTAN AS THE KEY FAСTOR OF POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT: BACKGROUND & SPECIFICS

The article reveals the key problems and challenges of an ethno-political nature in modern Afghanistan. At the same time, a detailed analysis of the historical prerequisites for the formation of ethnic disunity in the state is presented, and the main "painful" points of the ethnic situation are analyzed. The author draws attention to the relevance of ethnopolitical problems in the country and suggests a number of steps to overcome the ethnic crisis.

Key words: ethnopolitics, ethnopolitical conflict, ethnos, ethnic groups, political development, national policy, dialogue, social-economic development.

POLITICAL CULTURE, RELIGION AND MASS-MEDIA

D.B. KURMANOVA post-graduate student at the Chair of theory and history of journalism, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

N.P. PARKHITKO post-graduate student at the Chair of theory and history of journalism, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THEOLOGICAL ARTICULATION AND MEDIATIZATION IN THE MEDIA OF GEORGIA AND TURKEY. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Religion has not just become the object of the media, but has also transformed into its substantive basis: many religious events and issues are widely covered in the media; each religious movement has its own website, television channel, radio station or print edition. But at the same time, the element of religion is often ignored by researchers who do not consider it as a component of the media space. Meanwhile, in religious countries this fact is important and affects the functioning of media systems, because if religion is an institutional phenomenon, the principles of behavior and the system of representing the world among the population depend on it. These countries include Georgia and Turkey. And if the influence of religion on the Turkish media is still being studied by Turkish experts themselves, then large-scale studies on this topic still have not been conducted in Georgia. Meanwhile, the issue of confession plays a significant role from the point of view of geopolitics for these states, especially with regard to the Ajara region, where religion has always been of particular importance. The authors researched the essence of the studied issues using the method of structural analysis, systems analysis and a number of methods of historical science.

Key words: Georgia, Turkey, religion, conflicts, articulation, mediatization, benchmarking, media.

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

Z.M. KURBONOVA Candidate of political sciences, Doctoral candidate of Institute of Philosophy, Political Sciences and Law named after A. Bahouddinov, AS RT, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

A.N. MAHMADOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Director of the Institute of Philosophy, Political Sciences and Law named after A. Bahouddinov, AS RT, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

THE ROLE OF MEDIATION IN RESOLVING OF CONFLICTS

The article is devoted to the problem of mediation: managing, resolving and resolving conflicts with the help of a third party. The term “mediation” is widely used to describe any third party intervention to resolve a disagreement. Mediation as a technology for settling disputes and conflicts in various modifications is used both informally and formally in virtually all areas of human relationships, from family to international.

Key words: mediation, conflict, settlement, “third party”.

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT

A.Yu. PINCHUK candidate of political sciences, The first pro-rector of the FGUU "MSTU STANKIN", Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF COMBATING INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

This article deals with the issues of combating international terrorism at the present stage of development. It is pointed out that the current architecture of the counter-terrorism policy of most countries is the result of an incremental process. This has led to a variety of policies, strategies, action plans, legal and other policies, a large number of bodies, units and agencies. Touching upon the nature of the war on terrorism, the author identifies two main directions of its development in the modern world: strengthening the protection and unsynchronization of terrorist attacks. States have an obligation to protect the lives of those under their jurisdiction, but to do so in accordance with human rights. Unfortunately, the protection of human rights is presented as an obstacle to effective counter-terrorism work when, in fact, it is necessary to prevent and reduce the spread of terror throughout the world. The author concludes that, in the face of a sufficiently persistent terrorist threat, it can be expected that developed democracies, with time and experience, will gain greater opportunities not only to reduce the number of terrorist attacks, but also to make such attacks less deadly.

Key words: terrorism, international terrorism, counter-terrorism, counter-terrorism strategy, terrorist act, democratic regime.

A.V. BOYARKINA Candidate of political sciences, Associate professor, Institute of Oriental Studies – School of regional and international studies, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE "COMMUNITY OF ONE DESTINY FOR ALL MANKIND" CONCEPT IN THE REALIZATION OF CHINA'S GLOBAL DREAM

The article discusses the mechanisms for the successful implementation of the concept of a community of common destiny, which is the main part of the well-thought-out and carefully planned new diplomatic strategy of the new era of Xi Jinping. The purpose of the article is to reveal the role of the concept of a community of common destiny in the consistent implementation of Chinese foreign policy towards Asia, Africa and the Caribbean. In 2007, the concept of a community of common destiny was formally adopted in the report of the XVII Congress of the CPC Central Committee, in which Hu Jintao applied it to describe the unique relationship between Taiwan and the mainland, and since then Beijing has used this term to emphasize important and unique relations with other countries, in particular, China’s neighbors. Xi Jinping first proposed the concept at the end of 2012, which shaped China’s approach to global governance, putting forward proposals and measures to support growth for all countries.

In his first diplomatic activity as China’s top leader in late 2013, Xi Jinping shared his perception that “the world has increasingly grown into a community where one’s destiny is interwoven with that of another.” China is working to expand convergence of interests with more and more countries, such as Pakistan, Laos and Cambodia, and form communities of common destiny on a bilateral basis. The Chinese government implements foreign policy strategies in developed and developing countries and uses its huge market to strengthen bilateral relations with developed countries. China is the largest trading partner of Western countries such as the USA, Australia and New Zealand. Currently, under the effective leadership of Xi Jinping, China is vigorously advancing the strategic deployment of the Four Comprehensives. A community of common destiny actually contributes to the fact that the human race shares common problems and its fate must be viewed from a global perspective that goes beyond the “zero-sum game.”

Key words: China, Xi Jinping, a community of common destiny, “global dream”.

E.G. BELAYA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History and Archeology, School of Arts and Humanities, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

CARING FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE IN CHINESE CITIES

Since 1999, China has entered the era of an aging society, there has been an increase in the number of elderly people, including lonely old people, many of whom are not able to care for themselves. The problems associated with their livelihoods, led society to pay attention to their position and social security.

Social protection of older people means a natural connection between generations, it is a whole range of issues: social, economic, medical, cultural. Studies of the social adaptation of older people to modern conditions are one of the important problems in China. To create a system of social services that meets the needs of the population, it is necessary to improve communication and strengthen the interaction of representatives of the legislature, executive bodies, and private organizations in order to consistently implement measures to develop and strengthen the system of social services for the elderly.

At present, most Chinese organizations for the elderly are at the initial level of development. Mostly they only care for older people, clothe and feed them. There is a shortage of qualified personnel in the centers.

The relevance of the topic being studied is due to the need to improve social services for senior citizens. In the article, the author considers the creation of public and private centers of social services for the population, using a theoretical analysis of scientific literature and compilation of information. The main task of the centers is to help older people to overcome loneliness, the formation of an active lifestyle. They are increasingly assisting the elderly, showing constant concern for creating more comfortable conditions for their livelihoods.

Key words: China, older people, ageing, elderly, luxury retirement home, district center.

M.I. GRUSHINA Assistant of the Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

J.A. GRUNINA Senior Lecturer, Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

TRADE, ECONOMIC AND HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION OF THE CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

The article discusses the trade and economic relations of CARICOM and the EU, as well as their cooperation in the humanitarian sphere. As a result of detailed analysis of a wide range of literature and sources on the topic, the authors came to the conclusion about the ever-increasing role of small Caribbean states on the international arena. CARICOM is an example of successful integration at the regional level, and successfully developing cooperation with EU countries can serve as an example for other economically underdeveloped countries around the world. In the long run, such partnership seems more productive and more profitable for CARICOM countries than cooperation with the United States.

Key words: CARICOM, Caribbean countries, EU, EU-CARICOM cooperation, CARICOM foreign policy.

FOREIGN HISTORY

A.Yu. BORZOVA PhD (Historical sciences), Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

A.I. MARICHEVA Master's Degree Student, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

CRISIS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN SOUTH AMERICA: ROOTS AND CAUSES

Created at the initiative of Brazil in 2008, the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), uniting 12 states of South America, is experiencing a deep crisis today. The purpose of this article is to analyze the integration crisis in the region. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to accomplish the following tasks: to highlight achievements and problems of UNASUR, investigate causes and roots of the crisis and identify possible course of the further development of integration processes in the region. The study allows to conclude that the crisis of regional integration in South America is caused by a number of prerequisites and causes: from contradictions of various kinds between countries to the structural crisis within UNASUR. Despite the difficulties, ten years of the functioning of the Union of South American Nations and the implementation of various projects have yielded significant results for the entire region, in particular, the state of energy and infrastructure has improved and the poverty rate has been reduced. In general, the importance of consolidation and integration of South American states is unquestioning: an ever-increasing number of problems requires collaborative solutions from countries. It seems, however, that integration in this region in the near future will progress in the course of “Latin Americanization”, that is, with the inclusion of other Latin American countries, with prevailing of trade and economic cooperation.

Key words: integration, UNASUR, Latin America, crisis, cooperation, Brazil, left turn, right turn.

M.V. LEVCHENKO PhD in Historical sciences, associate Professor Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan University, Naberezhnye Chelny, Tatarstan, Russia

THE ARRIVAL OF A “GREAT COALITION” IN WESTERN GERMANY IN 1966 SEARCH FOR NEW FORMS OF COOPERATION CONSERVATOR AND SOCIAL DEMOCRATES

The article deals with a new period in the political history of the Federal Republic of Germany, beginning with the departure of Ludwig Erhard from the post of chancellor and the emergence of the “grand coalition” (1966-1969). The period is characterized by the beginning of the cooperation of political forces belonging to different currents of the political ideology of West Germany. The reason for this was the depletion of the development potential of conservatives and liberals, which forced them to look for new horizons of development among the opposition. All parties had a pre-election confusion due to the destruction of the old political agreements and the disunity of views within the parties. In the end, a coalition of two political heavyweights emerged, which proved its effectiveness and became a role model in subsequent periods of German history.

Key words: FDP, CDU/CSU, liberals, conservatives, the German policy.

Yu.V. ISLAMOVA candidate of philological Sciences, Professor of Yugra state University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia

A REFLECTION OF SPATIAL RELATIONS IN THE TOPONYMY OF THE LOWER KONDA (SOURCES XVIII-XIX CENTURIES)

The article is devoted to the oikonymy Of the lower Konda of the XIII-XVI centuries, the end of XVIII-the first half of XIX centuries the Relevance is due to the need for new historical information about the principles of the settlements of this zone in the past. The novelty is to identify patterns of settlement of indigenous ethnic groups of The lower Konda by toponymic research. The object is the names of inhabited places. The tasks include the etymological description of the toponymic material; the establishment of the regularities of the formation of the region's oikonymy; interpretation of toponymic information in the aspect of the principles of spatial location of settlements.

As a result of structural and semantic-etymological analysis of settlement names, it is concluded that the oikonyms of the early period reflect the principle of location by water sources. In late oikonomia displays the traditional principle of settlement along the banks of rivers and lakes, and uncharacteristic of the Khantyanonymii the principle of nomination by the first settler or owner. The author believes that a fundamental change was due to the influence of Russian oikonomikoy model Khantyoikonomiki nominating the type of settlements.

Key words: lower Konda, settlements, toponyms, oikonyms, spatial arrangement, folklore sources.

S.V. BLAGOV major lecturer of History department Kaliningrad State Technical University, Kaliningrad, Russia

THE SOCIAL PORTRAIT OF THE POLISH DETACHMENT’S PARTISAN ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BHPM FORMATIONS IN 1943-1944

The Polish partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War in general is the one of the most tangled pages of the history of the underground armed struggle. A special place in it is assigned for the Poles who joined the Soviet partisan movement. In Russian and Polish historiography this topic was investigated in general or in a well-defined ideological course before. In this article the author made an attempt to look inside the pro-Soviet Polish partisan movement with objective positions. Based on the archival data there is analyzed information about the Poles by nationality, who chose the Soviet partisan’s path instead of another different options of resistance. Some of them like Home Army (Armia Krajowa) were more popular for Polish citizens in Belarus during Great Patriotic War. Based on lists of detachment’s personnel, personal leaflets of the partisans, drill notes and other historical sources, a social portrait depicts the age, education, profession, and party affiliation of fighters of the Belarusian headquarters of the partisan movement, for which were created the detached national units. Due to the research it was possible to establish that the majority had a young age, a poor education, work on the ground before the war, and, importantly, it practically lacked party members and Komsomol members. It gives us the understanding how was going the process of the genesis for the Polish formations as part of the Soviet partisan movement.

Key words: partisans, WW2, war, Poland, Poles, CHPM, Belarus, bands.

S.Z. AHMADULLIN Researcher at the Center for History of the peoples of Russia and inter-ethnic relations, Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

MURAD RAMZI: NOTES ON SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY

This article presents the scientific biography of Murad Ramzi (1855-1935), known throughout the Muslim world as an interpreter, historian, Sufi tutor and publicist. In the result of thorough research author found a new material, helping to fulfill some “blank spots” of Ramzi's livelehoods. Exсept well-known literature in Russian, the author includes in the article some absolutely new information from the sources such as M. Ramzi's interview published in the Istanbul daily newspaper Vakit (1926), the archival materials of his censorship pursuit. Also the author uses the memoirs of M. Ramzi's contemporary, Abdurrashid Ibragimov, memoirs of A.-Z. Validi, an essay by the Uighur historian M. Bugra "Sharki Turkistan Tarihi", the report of Ahmet Temir in the bulletin of the Turkish Historical Society, the works of M. Ramzi – "Talfik al-ahbar", translations from Farsi into Arabic of Imam Rabbani's "Maktubat ..." and Vaiz Kashifi's "Rashahat 'ain al-hayat ...".

Key words: Murad Ramzi, Talfiq al-ahbar, nakshibendiya, muslim historiografy.

REVIEWS

REVIEW ON THE ARTICLE BY D.B. KURMANOVA, N.P. PARKHITKO “THEOLOGICAL ARTICULATION AND MEDIATIZATION IN THE MEDIA OF GEORGIA AND TURKEY. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS”

Reviewer:

Sh.S. Suleymanova doctor of political sciences, Professor of the Department of Public Relations and Media Politics of the Faculty of Journalism IGSU RASHiGS under the President of the Russian Federation, chief editor of a scientific journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations” Moscow, Russia

REVIEW ON THE ARTICLE BY Е.Е. NECHAI, D.D. PROKOPCHUK, R.А. GRITSENKO “INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE”

Reviewers:

N.P. Medvedev Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Professor, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

D.E. Slisovskiy PhD in History, Professor of Department of Humanities and social Sciences, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

N.A. Oryel Postgraduate Student, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia