Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 10. Issue 9 (66), 2020.
CONTENTS
DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
POLITICAL CULTURE, PSYCHOLOGY AND IDEOLOGY
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS
REFLECTIONS ABOUT THE READ
Slizovskiy D.E., Medvedev N.P., Alekhnovich S.O. Review of the book by Protopopov A.S., Kozmenko V.M., Shpakovskaya M.A., Petrovich-Belkin O.K. History of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Russia (1648-2017): textbook for university students / Edited by A.S. Protopopov. 4th ed., ISPR. Moscow: Aspect Press publishing house, 2018, 448 p.
DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.001
T.A. SHEBZUKHOVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Theory and history of state and law of the Institute of service, tourism and design (branch) «North-Caucasian Federal University», Pyatigorsk, Russia
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL FEATURES OF THE LIFE OF THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY
Historically, the North Caucasus is an extremely difficult ethno-cultural and religious region, where many peoples live on a relatively small territory with not the simplest history, full of mutual contradictions, but who managed to develop a complex multilevel system of socio-economic interactions.
In addition, the geographical location of the North Caucasus determines its strategic position, as a territory without which complete control over the regions of the Caspian Sea is impossible, The northeastern Black Sea region and Transcaucasia, which from ancient times served as a reason for attention to these lands not only from large neighboring states, such as the Arab Caliphate, Iran, Turkey, the Russian Empire, but also from major geopolitical entities, located far from the North Caucasus, in particular, England, the USA and even Germany in various periods also sought to get the region into their sphere of influence.
The most successful player in this field was Russia, which managed not only to get the territory of the North Caucasus, but also provided the opportunity for the successful socio-economic development of the region.
This article examines the socio-economic and cultural characteristics of the life of the peoples of the North Caucasus at the beginning of the 19th century, that is, at a time when the region was only integrated into the Russian State, since the analysis of these issues allows us to study the root causes of a number of systemic features of the region that remain to date, without taking into account and understanding which an effective strategy for the successful development of the North Caucasus is impossible.
Key words: North Caucasus, history, culture, development, ethnic composition, development prospects.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.002
S.V. GALDOBINA Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor, Chair of history, Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
М.V. EVSTRATOV Post-graduate at the Chair of history, Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
TRAINING OF GROUND FORCES RESERVE COMMAND STAFF IN THE RED ARMY MILITARY EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE 30s OF THE XX CENTURY: SOME ASPECTS
The article deals with the training of reserve commanders in the 30s of the XX century. The main directions of training of the reserve command staff, shortcomings and conclusions drawn in the pre-war years are noted. The article demonstrates an absolute necessity of mobilization work in the system of military education.
Key words: training of command staff, ground forces, command structure of the reserve, the Red Army.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.003
S.I. AKKIEVA The Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Federal State Budgetary Scientific Establishment “Federal Scientific Center “Kabardian-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (IHR KBSC RAS), Nalchik, Russia
TRANSFORMATION OF THE CULTURE OF THE BALKARS DURING THE PERIOD OF DEPORTATION (TO THE PROBLEM STATEMENT)
The article is devoted to the transformation of the traditional culture of the Balkars during the period of deportation. Changes in the culture of the Balkars began in the second half of the 19th century, when the North Caucasus became an integral part of the Russian Empire. This was a natural tendency of cultural change under the influence of the state and the development of commodity-money relations. In the 1920s-1930s, during the period of the Soviet reorganization of society and the building of a society of justice, conditions were created for both natural and purposeful changes in the traditional culture of the peoples of the North Caucasus, including the Balkars. During the period of deportation, there was a significant transformation of the elements of traditional culture as a result of a one-step forced eviction and subsequent thirteen-year stay in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
Кеу words: North Caucasus, Balkars, traditional culture, transformation, deportation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.004
D.V. DERUNOV Graduate student of the Centre Russian History XIX-XX century Institute of Russian History Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
THE PHENOMENON OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE PERCEPTION OF B.N. CHICHERIN
An important place in Chicherin's scientific works is occupied by such a socio-political institution as political parties. The purpose of the article is to reveal Chicherin's views on the phenomenon of political parties. The study shows how Chicherin represented the Institute of political parties and reflects the classification of political parties from his point of view. It is worth noting that for a scientist, political parties are a necessary element of political life. Chicherin believes that even in the absence of political life, i.e. the absence of democratic institutions, certain areas of public life are still formed in society. The scientist emphasizes the fact that political parties are diverse and diverse. The author comes to the conclusion that the scientist considered political parties an important institution in public life.
Key words: Сhicherin, political party, conservatism, liberalism, radicalism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.005
O.A. LIPATOV Candidate of the Department of Oriental languages and Linguoculturology of the Institute of international relations and world history of Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
HISTORICAL RESULTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN STATE AND THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN SECURITY
The article deals with the correlation between the power potential of a state and the possibility of applying the norms of international humanitarian law in its own interests. The article examines the antagonism between the protection of human rights in the national legislation of an individual state and international organizations and supranational human rights structures. Some aspects of the use of soft and reasonable force in international relations are discussed.
The article analyzes the historical reasons for the weak popularity of liberal ideas in the Russian state in matters of state security and national security. The article raises the problem of the effectiveness of using liberal ideas to address issues of state governance in Russia at the stage of post-Soviet history, their inability to provide an effective tool in overcoming internal and external threats.
The issue of the need to maintain a balance between national and international humanitarian law as a system of checks and balances is being raised.
A comparison of international humanitarian law regulating international issues of human and individual security in Russia and the world as a whole is made.
The article deals with the contradictions that arise as a result of the clash of international and state interests.
Key words: international security system, principles of international law, national security concept, sources of international humanitarian law.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.006
S.V. REPIN Graduate student Pacific state University, Khabarovsk, Russia
TRENDS IN THE SERVICE AND COMBAT ACTIVITIES OF THE BORDER TROOPS OF THE NKVD OF THE USSR IN THE PRE-WAR YEARS
This work is devoted to the analysis of the main trends in the activities of the border troops of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR in the pre-war years. The place and purpose of this type of troops in the system of the military organization of the USSR has been determined. Analyzed the main measures taken by the leadership of the USSR to strengthen the border troops in the pre-war years. The changes caused by these measures in the service and combat activities of the border troops (new categories of military ranks, strengthening discipline, one-man command and ideological and political education, technical re-equipment, increasing requirements for the level of training of command personnel, streamlining interaction with the local population) have been studied.
Key words: border troops, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, the NKVD, the USSR, the Great Patriotic War, the pre-war years.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.007
M.V. BOLSHAKOV Master's degree Department of national and universal history, State social and humanitarian University, Moscow, Russia
GRAFFITI OF THE XVI CENTURY: TOMBSTONES OF ST. NICHOLAS CATHEDRAL. MR. ZARAYSK. ZARAYSK KREMLIN
The article is devoted to a new discovered monument of Russian epigraphy, as well as tombstones found in the Foundation of the Cathedral. In the course of the study, an attempt was made to read the text, which, after almost five centuries, has reached our days. The article deals with medieval graffiti applied to the Kremlin walls, as well as inscriptions and ornamental decoration on fragments of tombstones. Using the method of analyzing the medieval text and translating words, the content was analyzed and the style of writing was determined. The style of the font was also considered, and the features of decorating tombstones were revealed. The author studied works devoted to the study of medieval graffiti, as well as methods of recording and analyzing grave stones of the XVI-XVII centuries. Based on the obtained data, the considered methods were applied in the study of Zaraisk newly discovered objects.
Key words: Zaraysk, Kremlin, graffiti of the XVI century, tombstone, tombstone monument, Vyaz', semi-post.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.008
I.V. TRETIAKOVA Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Associate Professor of the Department of Sociological Research Methodology at the Faculty of Sociology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
DIGITALIZATION POLICY IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SPHERE
The paper deals with the issues of digitalization of environmental processes in the Russian Federation. The characteristic of the technogenic sphere as the basis of digitalization is given. It is shown that technical innovations change people's ideas about different ecosystems. Digitalization of the environment is related to the production, distribution, transmission and storage of information by accessible means. However, the economic system itself, overloaded with harmful production, has a negative impact on the environment. The article analyzes the “smart cities” technologies and how well megacities are protected from environmental threats, as well as the role of the state in protecting ecosystems.
Key words: ecology, digitalization, digital ecology, digital economy, environmental risks, “smart city”.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.009
V.R. VAKILOVA Postgraduate student of the history sector political philosophy of the Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MODERN THEORIES OF POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS RESEARCH
The study of political institutions is one of the priority areas of political science. Researchers of institutionalism paid special attention to the authorities, their official functions and legal status. This article discusses the theoretical developments of M. Weber, J. March, J. Olsen, V. Merkel, N. Croissant, E. Downs, R. Calvert, and others.
Institutions are determinants of political development and an integral part of it. Political institutions act as a regulatory mechanism of social behavior, determining the direction of implementation of political projects.
Key words: institutionalism, neoinstitutionalism, rational choice theory, isomorphism, political actors.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.010
A.K. STEBLINA Master The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia
CLASSIFICATION OF JUDICIAL PR METHODS
Any open pressure on a court in Russian Federation is forbidden. It must be no influence on an outcome of the court case – it is illegal. This article describes about how using media, social networks and other PR communications to have influence on an outcome of the court decision without breaking the law. The author is presenting the first made in Russia classification of judicial PR influence methods. All methods are divided into blocks and supported with actual examples of the court cases.
Key words: judicial PR, classification, media, public, communications.
POLITICAL CULTURE, PSYCHOLOGY AND IDEOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.011
V.V. VAGINA Graduate student of the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow state University, Moscow, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF STUDYING IMAGES OF POLITICAL OBJECTS IN POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY
The concept of “image” has long been established in the categorical apparatus of political science. This is due to the fact that the establishment of high-quality communication between the government and the people is largely determined by the process of perception. The political image is a complex and multi-valued phenomenon that is formed in the mass consciousness under the influence of various factors. The difficulty in studying this concept lies in its duality: the image depends not so much on the actual qualitative characteristics of the object itself, but on the individual's ideas and expectations about this object. In this article, the author analyzes in detail various approaches to the definition of the concept of “image” and draws conclusions about the problems that complicate the process of its research. Currently, within the framework of political psychology, much attention is paid to the study of the concept of “image” and the analysis of its structure. This category occupies an important place in the political space, as it has confirmed its importance in shaping public opinion and influencing political processes. Since political psychology is an interdisciplinary science and relies on the knowledge in the field of political science, psychology and sociology, focusing on the psychological features of the political sphere, in this article, using the concept of “image,” we will consider it primarily in relation to political objects. Before considering the features of “image” as a category of political psychology, it should be noted that the concept in question is studied within the framework of various humanities, such as philosophy, psychology, sociology and others.
Key words: image, political perception, mass consciousness, image of power, image.
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.012
E.N. KARATUEVA Candidate of political science, associate Professor of the Department of management of socio-political processes and history of the Saint Petersburg state agrarian University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
PYROTERRORISM AS A TYPE OF POLITICAL EXTREMISM
In recent decades, deliberately set fires have become a powerful weapon for terrorists. Instead of using expensive, sophisticated and easily detectable nuclear or radiological bombs, a terrorist can initiate numerous arson attacks that will cause serious damage to the economy and the environment. The effect of using the destructive power of fire for terrorist purposes can potentially be equal to the consequences of using weapons of mass destruction. This phenomenon is defined as pyroterrorism, or the use of arson to intimidate the civilian population and force the government to fulfill the political or social goals of terrorists. The article is devoted to the analysis of fires committed by international terrorist organizations and environmental radicals in order to achieve their political goals and arson that caused global environmental disasters, the true cause of which is still not fully established.
Key words: pyroterrorism, ecoterrorism, ecological disaster, fire, arson.
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.013
K.KH. RAHIMOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (RUDN University); Postgraduate student of the Department of International Law of the Law Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University); expert of the Center for Research of Post-Soviet Countries (CIPS), Moscow, Russia
K.P. KURYLEV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia; Director of the Center for Studies of Post-Soviet Countries (CIPS), Moscow, Russia
G.A. KHIMICH Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Language, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
INTERACTION OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION WITH INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND COLLECTIVE SECURITY
This paper discusses the main aspects of the international legal interaction of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization with universal, international, regional, interregional and subregional intergovernmental organizations in strengthening international peace and collective security. The study provides a brief description of SCO cooperation with the following organizations: UN, CIS, ASEAN, BRICS, OSCE, OIC, EAEU, EU, CSTO, CICA. In conclusion, conclusions are drawn about the problems and prospects of the SCO in strengthening international peace and collective security.
Key words: SCO, UN, CIS, ASEAN, BRICS, OSCE, OIC, EAEU, EU, CSTO, CICA, international security, collective security, intergovernmental organizations, interregional organizations, international organizations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.014
N.U. KHANALIYEV Сandidate of political sciences, First secretary of the Department for new challenges and threats of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
TWO SIDES OF CHINESE EXPANSION IN CENTRAL ASIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KAZAKHSTAN)
The article attempts to identify and analyze some of the key factors responsible for the contradictory nature of China's expansion in Central Asia. It is shown that China, on the one hand, by investing large financial resources, makes a significant contribution to the development of the economy of the Central Asian states, on the other hand, due to a whole range of factors, to implement a policy that does not always meet their national interests. The peoples of the region are often inclined to perceive such a policy as a challenge, a threat to their national sovereignty. In this context, the article focuses on the analysis of the reasons for the growth of anti-Chinese sentiments in the region, primarily in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, in their extreme manifestations taking the form of synophobia.
Key words: Central Asia, China, region, economy, investments, politics, geopolitics, contradictions, threat, national sovereignty, synophobia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.015
N.Z. SHUMINOV Post-graduate student at the Chair of Oriental studies, MGIMO, Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
ISRAEL's MILLITARY-TECHNICAL COOPERATION WITH THE COUNTRIES OF WESTRN AND EASTERN EUROPE AND TURKEY
The article is devoted to the review and analysis of relations between Israel and the countries of Eastern and Western Europe and Turkey. The main text is divided into two parts: the first is devoted to the relations with Western European countries, EU member-states, restrictions and requirements imposed on the EU member-states in the framework of export and import of military products; the second part is devoted to the relations in the field of military – technical cooperation with East European countries, Turkey and the Russian Federation.
Attention is paid to the key aspects affecting the development of military ties between Israel and the countries of the region. In particular, the periodically escalating situation in the Middle East, especially, on the Palestinian-Israeli track. Israel often faces enormous pressure in the international arena, which certainly makes it difficult to import some weaponry systems from this region. The paper shows that the significant increase in Israeli arms supplies to European countries is closely related to the overall growth of the European military budgets, which increased by an average of three percent between 2015 and 2017.
The author overviews military cooperation between Israel and certain countries in Eastern Europe. Special attention is paid to the military-technical cooperation between Israel and the Russian Federation.
Key words: military and industrial complex, arms export, arms import, military products, export structure.
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.016
FAN TIANYANG Master International Humanitarian Relations, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS UNDER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
The article analyzes the content of international relations at various stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Three stages with different type of the international community’s reactions are identified: underestimation of the problem; hyperreaction; gradual recovery and the search for strategic response. It is shown that at the present stage, the response to the pandemic is characterized by the insufficient cooperation of states.
Key words: coronavirus infection, COVID-19, international relations, political response.
REFLECTIONS ABOUT THE READ
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.66.9.017
Reviewers:
D.Е. Slizovskiy Doctor of sciences (history), Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
N.P. Medvedev Doctor of sciences (political sciences), Professor, public figure, Moscow, Russia
S.O. Alekhnovich Ph.D. (philosophical science), Moscow, Russia
REVIEW
of the book by Protopopov A. S., Kozmenko V. M., Shpakovskaya M. A., Petrovich-Belkin O. K. History of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Russia (1648-2017): textbook for university students / Edited by A. S. Protopopov. – 4th ed., ISPR. Moscow: Aspect Press publishing house, 2018, 448 p.