№ 10 (103), 2023

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 13. Issue 10 (103), 2023

CONTENTS

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Solomin V.A. The Problem of the Relationship between the «Land» and the «Power» in the Development of Ancient Russian Statehood as a Form of Divine World Order: on the Example of the Activities of Metropolitan Hilarion
Nikolskaya A.V., Cherepanova E.V. Factors of Influence of Reform Elizaveta Petrovna and Peter III to Mass Consciousness
Suslov A.Yu. Religious Searches in the Environment of the Russian Neo-Narodic Socialist Migration of the 1920-30s.
Volkov A.P., Galdobina S.V. Military Training in USSR Universities in the 80s. XX Century: History and Significance of Experience
Dyakov S.I., Dobryak S.Yu., Gorokhov V.V. Organizational nd Staff Transformations, Educational Process and Organization of Graduations in the Ryazan Artillery School from June 1941 to the End of 1945
Belousova O.A., Gutak O.Ya. Memories of Employees of the Criminal Penal System of Kuzbass as a Source on the History of the Penical System in the 1960-1980s
Zelenskaya A.I. Study of Regional History in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Using Distance Learning
Gasanov M.R., Magomedova E.M. On the Question of the Cultural Community of the Caucasian Peoples According to the Nart Epic
Arapkhanova L.Ya. Ingush in Deportation: Mechanisms and Problems of Adaptation in the Conditions of a Special Settlement (1944-1957)
Mikulenok A.A. Assistance to Refugees in the South of Russia in 1918 (by the Example Ekaterinodar and Novorossiysk)
Nurullina A.I. Children Homelessness in the Tatar Republic in the First Years of the Formation of Soviet Authority
Sazonov S.S. Criminalization of Mass Consciousness in Russia in the 1990s: Causes and Manifestations
Tryakin A.N. Search for the Missing in Action During the Second World War
Chebarev V.V., Dyakov S.I., Gorokhov A.V. Activities of the Officer Artillery School (OASH) in Distribution of Official nd Private Publications (Charters, Textbooks, Tutorials, Problems and Forms
Shadyshkov A.A., Stolyarov A.V. The State and Problems of Training Machine Operators for Agriculture (Based on the Materials of the Ulyanovsk Region)
Dyakov S.I., Dobryak S.Yu., Vanyagin V.E. About the Results of the Work of the Graduate Examination Commissions at the Ryazan Artillery School from 1946 to 1957

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Dobrynina E.Ya. The Formation of the Problem Field in the Theories of the Information Socity

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Zhokhova A.A. Theoretical and Methodological Analysis of Women's Political Leadership in Political Science
Stepanov P.E. Vector to the East? On Changes in the Structure of Consumption of Political Information Among the Population of the Irkutsk Region in the Period of 2020-2023
Tereshenkov A.M. State Policy of the Russian Federation to Counteraction the Covid-19 Pandemic: Federal and Regional Levels

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Zalysin I.Yu. Problems of Digitalization of Russian Education
Frolov A.A. Single-Industry Towns as a Traditional Element of the Russian Economic System: Historical and Politological Aspects
Gryadunov Yu.Yu. Approaches to the Concept of «Traditional Values»
Kovalchuk A.G. Problems and Prospects of Civil Participation in Political Governance Processes in Modern Russia
Afonin M.V., Krivova A.L., Krtyan B.P., Rodionova D.S. International Children Right Protection as an International Right Institution

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Ustinovich E.S., Seleznev I.A., Bredikhin A.V. Prospects for the Integration of Mongolia Into the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Vilkova E.V., Volkov S.Yu., Matasova S.M. Development of Relations Between India and Pakistan with the USSR and the USA from 1947 to 1971
Balynskaya N.R., Murtazin R.A., Bredikhin A.V. Features of Cross-Border Cooperation Between Mongolia and the China Region Inner Mongolia
Maistat M.A., Sajad Zeraat Payma, Javad Zeraat Peima, Medvedev N.P. American Policy in Eurasia: Challenges of China’s Growing Power
Nikolaeva D.A. Fundamentals of the Formation of Modern Dance Culture in China
Chenyu. Evolution of Russian-Chinese Relations in the Historical Context
Liu Xin. The Sovereign State as a Basic Actor of International Relations in the Theory of International Relations
Shcherbachevich E.S. The Soviet-Peruvian and Russian-Peruvian Relations in 1969-2000
Volovikov A.G., Kuleshov V.M. Evolution of the Doctrinal Foundations of NATO Policy
Grebennikova E.I. Relations Between Russia and the Arabian Monarchies: Expert Assessment

STUDENT SCIENCE

Dai Yuyao. Cooperation Between China and Russia within the Bounds of the “Belt and Road” Initiative
Zhirkov F.R. Main Directions of Russia's Foreign Policy at the Beginning of the XXI Century
Polischuk D.I., Zakharchuk S.S. The Russian Far East in the State Interstate Cooperation of the Russian Federation and China
Rogova Ya.D., Tokareva S.A., Kostina A.D. Application of Unilateral Restrictive Measures in Practice Against Cuba and Russia
Sunheng. Media Communications on the Way to Institutionalization
Bratkovskaya D.V., Ivantsov S.A. The Scientific Works of Joseph Nye and the Further Development of His Soft Power Theory
Dubkov N.S., Volzhanin D.A., Litvinenko D.V. Migration Policy of the European Union Countries in Modern Conditions (Based on the Example of France and Germany)

Our authors № 10-2023

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.001

V.A. SOLOMIN Postgraduate of the department of Russian history and Record management, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE «LAND» AND THE «POWER» IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANCIENT RUSSIAN STATEHOOD AS A FORM OF DIVINE WORLD ORDER: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ACTIVITIES OF METROPOLITAN HILARION

The purpose of the study was to study the problem of building a dialogue between “land” and “power” and the ways of its harmonization through the formation of a religiously oriented ideology in Ancient Rus' in the first half of the 11th century. The concept of “land” is given and the essence of the concept of its relationship with “power” is revealed. Problems in the relationship between “land” and “power” have been studied. The characteristics of Hilarion's views on the role of power in the divine world order are given. His attitude to the “earth” and his influence on the raising of social problems in the “Sermon on Law and Grace” are analyzed. The responsibilities to the people declared by the scribe and assigned to the prince were studied. The ideas of saving the people and the importance of developing education are characterized.

Key words: Ancient Rus’, Hilarion, religion, population, Yaroslav the Wise, ideology, worldview.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.002

A.V. NIKOLSKAYA Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Psychology, Russian State University. A.N. Kosygina, Moscow, Russia

E.V. CHEREPANOVA Independent researcher, Moscow, Russia

FACTORS OF INFLUENCE OF REFORM ELIZAVETA PETROVNA AND PETER III TO MASS CONSCIOUSNESS

The article presents the factors influencing mass consciousness such as the legal and social policy of the state, the general softening of morals, state ideology based on stability and continuity, the narrative of national history, and the organization of public administration. Using the example of the noble and peasant classes, it is shown how these factors influenced the population of the Russian Empire at the behavioral level.

Key words: mass consciousness, public consciousness, legal policy, social policy, behavioral manifestations of mass consciousness.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.003

A.Yu. SUSLOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia

RELIGIOUS SEARCHES IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE RUSSIAN NEO-NARODIC SOCIALIST MIGRATION OF THE 1920-30S.

Religious searches in the environment of the Russian neo-national emigration of the first wave (1920-1930s) are considered. The reasons for the religious turn of some emigrants are analyzed, special attention is paid to the position of V.V. Rudnev and discrepancies in the editorial board of the journal "Sovremennye zapiski". It is concluded that the compromise formula of Christian socialism could not find mass support among the Russian socialist emigration, did not satisfy either socialists or Christians at that time. However, the ideological search of the Russian socialists of the emigrant period remains important in terms of the search for a new model of democratic socialism and the relationship between the state and religion in modern Russia.

Key words: neo-populism, religion, emigration, socialism, Christianity, socialist-revolutionaries, V.V. Rudnev, M.V. Vishnyak.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.004

A.P. VOLKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the National Research University MIET, Moscow, Russia

S.V. GALDOBINA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Intellectual Property, Moscow, Russia

MILITARY TRAINING IN USSR UNIVERSITIES IN THE 80s. XX CENTURY: HISTORY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF EXPERIENCE

This article analyzes the state of military training of students at higher and secondary specialized educational institutions of the USSR in the 80s. XX century. The relevance of this topic for today is noted. It is emphasized that during these years there was a sharp deterioration in relations between military departments and students. This was caused both by material difficulties associated with the old training base, a lack of qualified teachers, and by the lack of flexibility in the educational process, the inconsistency of military training with the new conditions in the country, incl. a course towards qualitative parameters in strengthening the country's defense capability and democratizing public life.

The article, assessing in general the activities of state bodies and public organizations of the CCCP in military training in universities and secondary specialized educational institutions under the reserve officer training program in the 80-90s, emphasizes that it had many successes and shortcomings. The results of this activity are shown and a conclusion is drawn about the use of its experience today.

Key words: military training, students, youth, USSR, higher educational institutions, military department, reserve officers.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.005

S.I. DYAKOV Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

S.YU. DOBRYAK Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

V.V. GOROKHOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

ORGANIZATIONAL AND STAFF TRANSFORMATIONS, EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AND ORGANIZATION OF GRADUATIONS IN THE RYAZAN ARTILLERY SCHOOL FROM JUNE 1941 TO THE END OF 1945

Purpose of the study. Conduct an analysis of organizational and staffing changes, the educational process and the organization of graduations at the Ryazan Artillery School from June 1941 to the end of 1945. The relevance of the topic is due to the consideration of historical facts related to the activities of the RAU during the Great Patriotic War in the Central Asian Military District. Research methods: analytical, scientific, historical-systematic. Key conclusions: the study shows that the leadership of the RAU, like all military educational institutions of the country during the Great Patriotic War, worked and organized the educational process with great dedication of physical and moral strength and at the same time trained highly qualified specialists in their field – officers – artillerymen for the artillery of the Red Army.

Key words: artillery, Ryazan Artillery School (RAU), fire fighters, topographers, sound meterers, photogrammetrists, metrologists, divisional training profile, quantitative characteristics, awards, parade.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.006

O.A. BELOUSOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Department of Humanities, Socio-Economic Disciplines and Management Information Technologies, Associate Professor Kuzbass Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Novokuznetsk, Russia

O.YA. GUTAK Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines, Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, Russia

MEMORIES OF EMPLOYEES OF THE CRIMINAL PENAL SYSTEM OF KUZBASS AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF THE PENICAL SYSTEM IN THE 1960-1980S

The article examines the memories of veterans of the penal system as a source for studying the labor activities of forest correctional labor institutions in Kuzbass in the 1960s-1980s. The subject of the analysis was the memoirs published in the collection “History of institutions and bodies of the penal system in the territory of Kuzbass in the second half of the twentieth century,” published by the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education Kuzbass Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, edited by O.A. Belousova and I.M. Rezhapova. A distinctive feature of the presented sources is subjectivity and varying degrees of detail. The author considers memories as a way to expand factual knowledge about the past. The article emphasizes that such sources of information allow researchers to more objectively evaluate state penitentiary policy, including allowing them to study the peculiarities of work activity and everyday life of employees of the penitentiary system; operational situation in places of deprivation of libert.

Key words: memoirs, historical source, veterans of the penal system, reeducation, labor of convicts, everyday life, Soviet system of labor incentives.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.007

A.I. ZELENSKAYA Senior Lecturer, Department of Theoretical Foundations of Physical Culture and Tourism, Karachay-Cherkess State University named after U.D. Alieva, Karachaevsk, Russia

STUDY OF REGIONAL HISTORY IN THE KARACHAY-CHERKESS REPUBLIC, USING DISTANCE LEARNING

In modern learning conditions, an important pedagogical task in compliance with federal educational standards is the inclusion in the educational process of various teaching methods that help students discover and improve their knowledge, skills and abilities.

The success of schoolchildren in the modern world is not only about achievements in the school curriculum. But also a person’s attitude towards his own abilities, as well as self-development and self-knowledge.

Key words: distance learning, school, regional history, practice, modern society, regional component.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.008

M.R. GASANOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Department of History, Dagestan State Pedagogical University named after R. Gamzatova, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia

E.M. MAGOMEDOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer Department of History, Dagestan State Pedagogical University named after R. Gamzatova, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF THE CULTURAL COMMUNITY OF THE CAUCASIAN PEOPLES ACCORDING TO THE NART EPIC

The article discusses the history and current state of the development of the Nart (Nart) epic and its role in the cultural community of the Caucasian peoples. It analyzes legends, traditions, Nart tales of the Kabardians, Balkars, Ossetians, Chechens, Ingush, Dagestan highlanders, etc., and lists the covenants of heroism that underlie the concept of “Nart” as a heroic type. The article notes that the way of life, morals, customs, and religious ideas of the various peoples of the Caucasus, reflected in the legends about the Narts, testify to the deep archaic nature of the epic about the Narts, to the reflection in it of enormous changes in the material and spiritual life of the ancient population of the Caucasus over many centuries. As a result of their common origin and subsequent international exchange, the Nart epic contains many similar images and motifs, which testifies to the ancient cultural community of the peoples who created the Nartiada.

Key words: Nart epic, cultural community, Kabardians, Karachais, Ossetians, Chechens, Ingush, Dagestan highlanders.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.009

L.YA. ARAPKHANOVA Ph.D. (Political Science), Associate Professor of the Ingush State University, Head of the Department of Social and Political Research of the Ch. Akhriev Ingush Scientific Research institute Magas, Russia

INGUSH IN DEPORTATION: MECHANISMS AND PROBLEMS OF ADAPTATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF A SPECIAL SETTLEMENT (1944-1957)

The article examines the influence of regime conditions on the social and political adaptation of representatives of a separate ethnic group – the Ingush, deported to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in 1944. The forced nature, mechanisms and conditions of adaptation in the new ethno-cultural environment are revealed. The author studied data from a wide range of sources, reflecting sociocultural changes in the environment of special settlers. For the first time, previously classified documents on the legal, economic and labor arrangements of special settlers, found in the archives of Russia and Kazakhstan, are introduced into scientific circulation. The features of the narrative as a source of research on social and political adaptation are analyzed. Various aspects of the life of special settlers in the places of special settlements are shown, related to their adaptation to new conditions.

Key words: Ingush, deportation, adaptation, adaptation, special settlement, special settler, special commandant's office.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.010

A.A. MIKULENOK PhD in History, Associate Professor, Department of Social, Humanitarian and Natural Science Disciplines North Caucasus Branch of Russian State University of Justice, Krasnodar, Russia

ASSISTANCE TO REFUGEES IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA IN 1918 (BY THE EXAMPLE EKATERINODAR AND NOVOROSSIYSK)

This article focused on the situation of refugees position in the South of Russia in 1918 in Ekaterinodar and Novorossiysk. The author considers the ways of refugees’ movements to the South of Russia and reasons which had prompted them to do so. The main reason was the old politics regime, existing on the South of Russia, which allowed them to live in peace. The author shows difficulties that refugees and recipients territories faced with (epidemics, housing and foods shortage, conflicts with locals). It is shown how the local authority tried to solve all problems, for instance preventing the epidemic. Moreover, it is shown a mental health situation that served an essential role and how it affected to refugees’ life.

Key words: refugees, the White Army, the First World War, repatriation, the Russian Civil War, charity, Novorossiysk, Kuban.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.011

A.I. NURULLINA Researcher, Moscow, Russia

CHILDREN HOMELESSNESS IN THE TATAR REPUBLIC IN THE FIRST YEARS OF THE FORMATION OF SOVIET AUTHORITY

The article examines the situation of children left without parental care and relatives in transitional conditions, when the old way of life was destroyed by the Bolsheviks, and the new system has not yet been established. This period covers the most difficult time since 1921 – since the formation of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (TASSR, Tatar Republic) and until 1926 – the transition to a planned model of the economy. One of the social problems faced by the new government, including in the Tatar Republic, was the enormous growth of child homelessness, the cause of which was called the legacy left by the old tsarist government. A decisive struggle began with homelessness in the republic, although in the early years it was not easy, given the difficult economic situation of the state.

The situation was complicated by the fact that this period of the formation of Soviet power was characterized by a lack of financial resources to combat homelessness, the lack of development of measures to help those in need, disorganization in the work of local authorities and weak interaction of departmental institutions. The work was noticeably hampered by the lack of republican reporting and statistics. In the summer of 1927, the Central Executive Committee and the SNK of the RSFSR approved a three-year plan to combat child homelessness. The Government recognized that the activities carried out during the period 1925-1927 created a number of favorable conditions for the full-scale coverage of street children and their preparation for socially useful work. Over time, the new government developed a clear scheme for providing assistance and support to street children of Soviet Russia, in particular the TASSR, which formed the basis of social policy not only of our state for many decades, but also of foreign countries.

Key words: TASSR, social assistance, children's commission, upbringing, homelessness, children, orphanage.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.012

S.S. SAZONOV Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Moscow, Russia

CRIMINALIZATION OF MASS CONSCIOUSNESS IN RUSSIA IN THE 1990S: CAUSES AND MANIFESTATIONS

The article discusses the issue that a special place is occupied by the problem of the negative impact of the growth of latent crime on the attitude of the population to law enforcement agencies. When assessing the level of criminalization of society, it is necessary to take into account such characteristics of crime that do not allow us to unambiguously assess the criminal situation in the country as prosperous.

Key words: crime, crime assessment, recidivism, organized crime, criminalization of society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.013

A.N. TRYAKIN Researcher, Moscow, Russia

SEARCH FOR THE MISSING IN ACTION DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR

The article covers the ideas and proposals for the organization of work aimed at finding the names of soldiers who were missing in action during the Great Patriotic War.

Considered the issues of figuring out the fate of soldiers, the dead and the missing in action, the main search directions, and systematization of data, using the capabilities of the software "Digital Register".

Key words: Second World War, missing in actions, the Great Patriotic War, Soviet war graves, archival research work, military memorial activities, perpetuating the memory of the Fallen Defenders of the Fatherland, Digital Register.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.014

V.V. CHEBAREV Applicant, Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

S.I. DYAKOV Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

A.V. GOROKHOV Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences Military Academy of Communications named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.M. Budyonny, St. Petersburg, Russia

ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICER ARTILLERY SCHOOL (OASH) IN DISTRIBUTION OF OFFICIAL AND PRIVATE PUBLICATIONS (CHARTERS, TEXTBOOKS, TUTORIALS, PROBLEMS AND FORMS

Purpose of the study. Consider the activities of community schools aimed at distributing official and private publications, charters, textbooks, teaching aids and forms. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to analyze all the publications available in the local school library for sale at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as its products (reference books, forms, notes...), and a separate issue to address published articles in the school’s journal “Bulletin of the School” from 1912-1914. their number and direction. Research methods: analytical, scientific, comparison, historical-systematic. Key conclusions: the activity of the community school in the training of artillery officers for the Russian army was significant, as evidenced by the advanced experience of teachers, which the school disseminated through official, private publications and its magazine, to which not only Russian officers subscribed, but also a subscription was opened for foreign military specialists.

Key words: Bulletin of the Officer Artillery School (OASH), Edition. Benefit, Artillery Committee, Main Artillery Directorate (GAU), Officer Artillery School, Magazine.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.015

A.A. SHADYSHKOV Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

A.V. STOLYAROV Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

THE STATE AND PROBLEMS OF TRAINING MACHINE OPERATORS FOR AGRICULTURE (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION)

The article attempted to conduct a retrospective analysis of the state of staffing of mass professions as machine operators of MTS and LZS. The significant role of the district committees of the CPSU in the process of resolving personnel issues for agriculture is shown. In the course of his work, the author, on the basis of previously attracted unknown archival documents from the storage facilities of the State Archive of Recent History of the Ulyanovsk Region and the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region, as well as periodic press materials, considered the current problem of the provision of MTS personnel and the solution of these issues.

Key words: Agriculture, Ulyanovsk region, Mashino-tractor stations (MTS), Forest protection stations (LZS), collective farm, school of mechanization, personnel.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.016

S.I. DYAKOV Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

S.YU. DOBRYAK Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

V.E. VANYAGIN Candidate of Military Sciences St. Petersburg Military Institute of the Order of Zhukov of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia

ABOUT THE RESULTS OF THE WORK OF THE GRADUATE EXAMINATION COMMISSIONS AT THE RYAZAN ARTILLERY SCHOOL FROM 1946 TO 1957

Purpose of the study. Conduct an analysis of the results of the work of the final examination commissions at the Ryazan Artillery School from 1946 to 1957. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to analyze the results of the final examination commissions and the conclusions drawn from them, as well as to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative results of the graduations. Research methods: historical-systemic, analytical, scientific, comparison. Key conclusions: the school management, teaching staff and commanders of cadet units did a lot in order to prepare highly qualified graduates, significant attention was paid to the newly introduced training specialties and specialization disciplines (physical foundations of radar, combat work at radio engineering radio stations, the material part of radio engineering radio stations).

Key words: Artillery, Ryazan Artillery School (RAU), Commission, Chairman, Exams, Fire fighters, Topographers, Sound meterers, Photogrammetrists, Light meterers.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.017

E.YA. DOBRYNINA Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy of politics and law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE FORMATION OF THE PROBLEM FIELD IN THE THEORIES OF THE INFORMATION SOCITY

The focus of the article is on the changes taking place in the socio-political space in the information society of the first quarter of the XXI century. Today, the search for the optimal structure of society existing in the knowledge industry is the task of all developed and developing countries. The formation of global information and knowledge markets has led to a change in the way of political strategies, on the one hand, and the emergence of crisis phenomena, on the other. The article attempts to describe a new stage in understanding the new socio-political reality, based on the works of modern political philosophers and social theorists who addressed the problem of transformation of the information society.

Key words: information society, digitalization, digital world, knowledge society, modern culture.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.018

A.А. ZHOKHOVA PhD Student, Department of Political Analysis, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF WOMEN'S POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

The research problem of studying women's leadership lies in the insufficient knowledge of the factors and features of the development of women’s leadership in the formation of political elites. All this requires the author not only to systematize existing theories and concepts, but also to apply new approaches to previously studied materials. This study will form the background for the creation of a new theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of female leadership in political science. The purpose of the study was to identify the specifics of such a theoretical basis for the study of women’s political leadership, characteristics of the main problems and their systematization, as well as defining the methodological basis for more objective study of the problem of female leadership in political science. The goal predetermined the formulation of the following objectives: 1) to characterize the phenomenon of political leadership in science; 2) to identify problem areas in the study of women's political leadership in political science; 3) to systematize methodological approaches for research women's political leadership. To obtain scientific results among the main ones the author used the following methods: comparative-historical approach, political-textual analysis of sources, case study. The author's special attention is focused on the theory of institutionalization of gender equality policy, as well as the history of the development of women’s social movements, suffrage organizations and their leaders as prerequisites for the formation of the phenomenon of women’s political leadership. The author focuses on the study of theoretical material regarding the image of female political leaders and theories about stereotypes about female leadership in politics. These topics are largely associated with psychodynamic theories of personality.

Key words: leadership in political science, women's political leadership, theory and methodology, gender balance.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.019

P.E. STEPANOV Graduate student, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

VECTOR TO THE EAST? ON CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF CONSUMPTION OF POLITICAL INFORMATION AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE IRKUTSK REGION IN THE PERIOD OF 2020-2023

With the growing level of digitalization throughout the world, the principles and methods of political communication are changing and its share in the consumption structure is increasing. At the same time, the structure of information consumption of citizens, in particular those who have access to the Internet, one way or another includes the agenda of international political relations. It appears that the process of globalization and the concept of “soft power” are increasing the positive representation of friendly countries and increasing the share of content consumption related to that country. This article examines the representation of the political and economic rapprochement between Russia and China in the media using the example of the Irkutsk region. To test this hypothesis, a content analysis of popular political information channels in the Irkutsk region was carried out for references to China in them, and the results of focus groups on the formation of information flows of residents of the city of Irkutsk were used. Thus, content analysis of regional media showed that various aspects of Russian-Chinese relations are reflected in sufficient detail. However, the results of the focus groups indicated greater interest in events in Ukraine and the United States, while China was on the periphery of respondents’ consciousness. The reasons for such conclusions may be information noise, that is, an overabundance of political information flows, which leads to the manipulation of certain news channels by the media, as well as personal interest in an agenda that directly concerns the life of the population of the city of Irkutsk.

Key words: political communication, media, political information, China, Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.020

A.M. TERESHENKOV Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Global Processes of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

STATE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION TO COUNTERACTION THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: FEDERAL AND REGIONAL LEVELS

The article is devoted to the development and transformation of the state policy of the Russian Federation to counteract the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The role of Russian regions in the implementation of this policy is considered. It is noted that the set of anti-crisis measures implemented by the Russian leadership at the initial stage of the pandemic was mainly systematic and emphasized strategic in nature. This allows us to talk about a very detailed preventive study of the COVID-19 counteraction strategy at the federal level.

It is stated that the decentralized approach of responding to the «pandemic challenge» – giving the heads of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation additional powers – was also generally effective. Its implementation provided to solve problems of both medical and preventive and socio-economic nature more quickly, focusing on the specifics of the epidemiological and social situation in Russian regions.

Key words: state policy, COVID-19, pandemic, subjects of the Russian Federation, regions, additional powers.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.021

I.YU. ZALYSIN Doctor of political sciences, professor of Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF DIGITALIZATION OF RUSSIAN EDUCATION

The article analyzes some aspects of the digital transformation of the education system in the Russian Federation. The reasons, essence and main directions of digitalization are revealed. It is shown that this process is due to the objective needs of the current stage of social development, first of all, the transition to a new type of economy. The tasks of digital education are analyzed, the difficulties that arise in the process of digital transformation of education are revealed. The positive and negative consequences of the digitalization of Russian education are revealed.

Key words: digitalization, education, directions of digitalization of education, the importance of digitalization of the education system, risks of digital transformation of education.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.022

A.A. FROLOV PhD student, Department of state politics, Faculty of political science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWNS AS A TRADITIONAL ELEMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM: HISTORICAL AND POLITOLOGICAL ASPECTS

The successful development of the Russian state, ensuring a sustainable increase in the standard of living of the country's population and the development of the potential of the state's territories in the current geopolitical and economic conditions are impossible without a deep understanding of the measures used in these areas. The narrowing of the possible range of actions is especially critical for objects of political and administrative management with increased risks of deterioration of the socio-economic situation, which include single-industry towns. The long-term lack of progress in the work to overcome the single-industry nature of settlements makes it urgent to search and analyze new factors that were not previously taken into account in the analysis. The purpose of our work is to identify the historical factors determining the emergence and development of single-industry settlements in Russia. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to implement the following tasks: 1. Determine the features of the creation of single-industry towns on the territory of the Russian state in various periods of its existence; 2. Analyze the features of the implementation of social policy in the field of interaction between government bodies and the administrations of city-forming enterprises in a historical perspective; 3. Identify country-specific features and historical aspects of the implementation of social policy in single-industry towns, compare them with similar experiences of foreign countries. The methods of our research are: historical analysis, comparative analysis, structural and functional analysis. The results of our research include conclusions about the normality of the emergence and existence of single-industry towns in a market economy, data on the peculiarities of the emergence of single-industry towns in Russia that influence their functioning at the present time, information about the limitations of the applicability of foreign experience in overcoming the single-industry nature of settlements.

Key words: state policy, regional policy, social policy, single-industry towns.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.023

YU.YU. GRYADUNOV Graduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia

APPROACHES TO THE CONCEPT OF «TRADITIONAL VALUES»

The concept of «traditional values» is nowadays actively used by representatives of the state authorities, media personalities and conservative publicists, which requires analysing the available approaches to the comprehension of this category and indicates the relevance of this study. Purpose of the paper: to analyse the approaches to the concept of «traditional values». This goal mediates the fulfilment of the following tasks: to identify the key ideas of the concept of «invented traditions» by E. Hobsbawm; to reveal the essence of traditional values as understood by representatives of religious movements; to explain what is included in the category of «family values». The material basis of the study was formed by the works of the following authors: V.S. Magun, M.G. Rudnev, Y.V. Shapoval, L.V. Baeva, Y.S. Garanov, A.A. Eliseeva, E. Hobsbawm. Based on the above, we conclude that the most comprehensive and fair approach is the concept of "invented traditions" by E. Hobsbawm, according to which TC is a set of practices regulated openly, the basis for the functioning of which are tacitly accepted rules. They demonstrate the character of symbolism. The introduction of certain values and norms of behaviour into society by establishing continuity with the historical past is the essence of TC. Despite the fact that any TCs refer to the past, most often they represent a modern reaction to current events.

Key words: traditional values, practices, customs, family, religion, fundamentalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.024

A.G. KOVALCHUK Graduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF CIVIL PARTICIPATION IN POLITICAL GOVERNANCE PROCESSES IN MODERN RUSSIA

The article reveals the current problem of citizen participation in management processes in modern Russian practice. The study goal is to identify the main institutional filters, bureaucratic obstacles and administrative problems of the participation by Russian citizens in the political governance at the regional and local levels. According to the goal, the following tasks were solved: the main approaches to the study of civil participation in political processes were identified; problems of civil participation are systematized and generalized and the prospects for civil participation in the processes of political governance in modern Russia are considered.

The research methodology is based on a systems approach and includes methods of a general scientific group (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction); as well as a number of special methods: historiographical analysis of the topic being studied; comparative analysis, political analysis (system-historical; system-component; system-structural; system-functional). Based on the results, the author concluded that in modern Russian political practice, informal network mechanisms of interaction between individual social groups and government institutions dominate, which significantly reduces formal interaction with government structures in the field of governance at the regional and local levels. Nevertheless, the author considers the creation of specially oriented programs for such interaction to be a promising direction for the interaction of civil participation in the processes of political governance in modern Russia.

Key words: political regionalism, political participation, process of political governance, mechanisms of state-civil interaction, political analysis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.025

M.V. AFONIN Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, processes and technologies of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

A.L. KRIVOVA Senior lecturer of the department socio-political institutions, processes and technologies Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

B.P. KRTYAN Teacher of the department socio-political institutions, processes and technologies Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

D.S. RODIONOVA Teacher of the department socio-political institutions, processes and technologies of the Russian state social university, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN RIGHT PROTECTION AS AN INTERNATIONAL RIGHT INSTITUTION

The article deals with the protection of children's rights in various historical epochs and legal acts, including the modern UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The concepts of juvenile justice and the specifics of its implementation are given, the main provisions regulating its activities are described.

Key words: juvenile justice, legal protection, criminal procedure process, specialization of the process.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.026

E.S. USTINOVICH Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Accredited Expert in the scientific and technical field, Moscow, Russia

I.A. SELEZNEV Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Associate Professor of the Faculty of Sociology at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

A.V. BREDIKHIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF MONGOLIA INTO THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

A formative element of Mongolia’s foreign policy is cooperation with one of the currently influential Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in the international arena. Currently, the relations of the Mongolian state with the member countries of this international structure can be called close and promising. What are the origins of this collaboration? When did the authorities of Ulaanbaatar choose a platform for international dialogues? As part of this study, the authors will try to reveal the main points of interaction and show its prospects.

Key words: integration, Mongolia, cross-border cooperation, Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.027

E.V. VILKOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Socio-Political Communications, Institute of International Relations and World History, Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

S.YU. VOLKOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of World Diplomacy and International Law, Institute of International Relations and World History, Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

S.M. MATASOVA Specialist in International Relations, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN WITH THE USSR AND THE USA FROM 1947 TO 1971

This article analyzes the dynamics of the relationship between the former parts of British India (India and Pakistan) with the two superpowers of the Cold War era (the USSR and the USA) in the period from the independence in 1947 to the Third Indo-Pakistani War in 1971.

The authors identify the key factors that influenced the formation of the foreign policy of both newly formed states, as well as the reasons for the periodic alienetions in their communications with the superpowers. The peacemaking, humanistic rhetoric of Indian leaders, starting with Mahatma Gandhi, was fully consistent with the stated international goals of the Soviet Union, while Soviet demonstrative atheistic views contradicted the religious leaders of Pakistan. At the same time, both former British colonies sought to achieve maximum economic benefits from blocking with leading states during the period of a bipolar world order. The influence of the personal aspect of international politics and the impact of the foreign policy of superpowers in other regions of the world are also noted.

Based on the results of the study, the conclusions are made regarding the pattern of support of India by the USSR, and Pakistan by the United States during the Indo-Pakistan conflict of 1971.

Key words: India, Pakistan, USSR, USA, Indo-Pakistan conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.028

N.R. BALYNSKAYA Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Vice-Rector GBOU HE "South Ural State Institute of Arts" them. P.I. Tchaikovsky", Chelyabinsk, Russia

R.A. MURTAZIN Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of MiSU, FSBEI HE "Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after. G.I. Nosova", Magnitogorsk, Russia

A.V. BREDIKHIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION between MONGOLIA AND THE CHINA REGION INNER MONGOLIA

The border region of Inner Mongolia is one of the largest areas in northeast China. The article examines the main areas of cooperation between this region and the state of Mongolia and its border areas. The economic aspect is highlighted and the question of increasing the relevance of the research topic is raised in connection with the prospects for the integration of Mongolia into the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

Key words: Inner Mongolia, Mongolia, cross-border cooperation, transport, trade, tourism, SCO.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.029

M.A. MAYSTAT Ph.D. (Candidate of Political Sciences), Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

SAJJAD ZERAAT PEYMA Associate Professor at the Department of Engineering and Construction Technology of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Tegeran, Iran

JAVAD ZERAAT PEYMA PhD student at the Department of Political Science of Institute of history and policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Tegeran, Iran

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, ex-Deputy Minister of Russia for Cooperation with CIS States, Moscow, Russia

AMERICAN POLICIES IN EURASIA: THE CHALLENGES OF EMERGING POWER OF CHINA

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it seems that the current world order, which was previously unilaterally determined by America for years, has faced serious challenges with the rise of China. Although China, unlike America, does not have aggressive policies, but with its rapid economic development, it has worried America. Perhaps, in their opinion, China is the same as America in the 1950s. Therefore, the US is inclined to continue its expansion in Eurasia under any pretext. From this point of view, many challenges between China and America are likely. This research has been done with the aim of examining the American policies in Eurasia and the challenge with the emerging power of China. Unlike Russia, which has entered a military phase with the West, China's influence is more ambiguous and cautious, and China is more willing to counter through soft power. The results of the research show that although China is willing to use the existing international order to continue playing a bigger role in the multilateral scene and does not agree with military confrontation with the West, but the United States tends to enter China into a different space of competition under various pretexts.

Key words: Eurasia, China, United States, international system, Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.030

D.A. NIKOLAEVA Doctor of historical sciences, professor, East-Siberian State Institute of Culture, Ulan-Ude, Russia

FUNDAMENTALS OF THE FORMATION OF MODERN DANCE CULTURE IN CHINA

The author, considering modern Chinese choreography, identified the preserved historical and genetic foundations of archaic dances associated with the cult of fertility and the emperor, as well as foreign ethnic and cultural influence, both at the level of dance technique and religious views, which affected the formation of modern choreographic art. Chinese dance traces the semantics of the deep connection between the human spirit and body. National traditions and intercultural innovations have created a unique system of Chinese choreographic art.

Key words: Folk choreography, cult of nature, emperor, intercultural connections, external, internal world, integrity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.031

CHENYU Master, Higher School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

EVOLUTION OF RUSSIAN-CHINESE RELATIONS IN THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT

In the last few years, China and Russia have experienced a significant economic and political rapprochement, marked by the conclusion of numerous trade agreements, economic deals, the creation of investment projects, and cooperation in many other areas, from science to culture. But the history of Russian-Chinese relations is not limited to the last two decades. It dates back to the 17th century, the very time when the first embassies from Russia traveled to China to establish trade ties between the two countries. The author of this article characterizes each historical period of Russian-Chinese relations. In the process of research he concludes that in the development of partnership and mutually beneficial cooperation between the states is important not ideology, which the countries may not coincide, and not even friendship, which is not eternal, but the coincidence of national interests.

Key words: Russian-Chinese relations, cooperation, China, Qing Empire, Russia, Soviet Union.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.032

LIU XIN Master, Faculty of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE SOVEREIGN STATE AS A BASIC ACTOR OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

This article examines key theoretical issues related to empirical studies of state sovereignty and its place in the system of international relations. The article examines recent research on sovereignty, state and international relations in the context of a unified concept. The results of this study can help analysts derive empirically testable propositions about the historical status of sovereignty and future prospects for its position in the modern system of international relations.

Key words: sovereignty, state, international relations, international law, history and theory of state and law.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.033

E.S. SHCHERBACHEVICH Postgraduate, Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

THE SOVIET-PERUVIAN AND RUSSIAN-PERUVIAN RELATIONS IN 1969-2000

The article provides the analysis of the Soviet-Peruvian and then Russian-Peruvian relations, starting from the year of establishment of diplomatic relations and up to the end of the 20th century. The emphasis is placed on cooperation in political-diplomatic, trade-economic and military-technical areas. The period of activity in the 1970s, the period of decline in the 1980s and the period of revival of the relations in the 1990s are being analyzed. A special place is given to military-technical cooperation, which was the most intense and formed the basis of our contacts, which made Peru at the end of the 20th century the second country on the continent after Cuba in terms of the number of Soviet weapons. The analysis of trade and economic ties and cooperation within the military-technical cooperation contains novelty and relevance, due to the extremely small amount of materials on this topic.

Key words: Latin America, Peru, foreign policy, bilateral and multilateral cooperation, Soviet-Peruvian relations, military-technical cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.034

A.G. VOLOVIKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of National and Federal relations of the Institute of Public Service and Management Russian Academy of National Economy and State service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

V.M. KULESHOV Senior lecturer at the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and International Cooperation, Institute of Public Administration and Management, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

EVOLUTION OF THE DOCTRINAL FOUNDATIONS OF NATO POLICY

The relevance of the topic of this article is since short-term and long-term prospects create a feeling that the European security system is on the breakdown, an analysis of the doctrinal foundations of NATO policy as an institution of the military policy of Western countries towards Russia is necessary.

This study allowed us to conclude that the Alliance retains a leading position in the common European military policy, while going far beyond the geographical limits of the zone of operation of Article 5 of the Washington Treaty.

Key words: NATO, USA, USSR, Russian Federation, international security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.035

E.I. GREBENNIKOVA Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia

RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE ARABIAN MONARCHIES: EXPERT ASSESSMENT

The article aims to analyze the current state of relations between Russia and the Arabian monarchies, as well as to identify Moscow's priorities in the Gulf region. To achieve this, the author employed the method of expert interviews to gather up-to-date and relevant information. Through this study, the main aspects of the Russia-Gulf monarchies relations were identified, including the interests of both parties. Additionally, the article examined the influential external actors in the region and outlined the tasks that Russia needs to address in its dealings with the Gulf monarchies.

Key words: Arabian monarchies, Persian Gulf countries, Russian-Arab relations, Russian foreign policy.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.036

DAI YUYAO Master, Faculty of political science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA WITHIN THE BOUNDS OF THE “BELT AND ROAD” INITIATIVE

This article is devoted to the development of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in the context of the Chinese global initiative “One Belt, One Road” implementation. This project, proposed by the leaders of China, is the most global economic project of our time. And within the bounding of this project, cooperation between China and Russia is quite extensive. But the author of this article emphasizes the economic component of this cooperation. This publication analyzes such important areas of strategic partnership between China and Russia as energy cooperation, transport infrastructure, trade, agriculture, Arctic exploration. The author of the article pays special attention to cooperation in the field of energy (oil, coal, natural gas). The creation of transport corridors, on which depends the success of all areas implemented within the bounding of the project “One Belt, One Road” is of great importance for both countries. The author concludes that “One Belt, One Road” initiative increases the degree of mutual trust between Russia and China and satisfies the national interests of both countries.

Key words: “One Belt, One Road” initiative, Russian-Chinese cooperation, transportation infrastructure, energy, oil, gas.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.037

F.R. ZHIRKOV Master's student in the Global Processes Faculty M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MAIN DIRECTIONS OF RUSSIA'S FOREIGN POLICY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY

The problematics of the topic is conditioned by the fact that despite the collapse of the Soviet Union and the rapid integration of Russia into the Western world, our country has not been accepted into the pan-European family of nations. Over time, the contradictions began to grow, because of which the world began to talk about a new cold war, which carries the threat of unleashing a world war. The purpose of this paper is to identify the peculiarities of Russia's foreign policy in the early XXI century, as well as to establish the ways of its evolution and development. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are formulated:

1) determine the conditions and factors of Russia's foreign policy formation;

2) identify the key players on the world stage;

3) identify trends in international relations of the period under consideration:

4) determine the place and role of the West in Russia's foreign policy;

5) determine the prospects of Russia's policy.

The following theoretical and methodological bases of the research were used for writing the paper: political science (methods of studying international relations), general scientific, philosophical methods, including analysis and synthesis.

After B.N. Yeltsin there were many problems that V.V. Putin had to solve. Putin had to solve. The most acute were the situations in Chechnya, in the post-Soviet space, the fight against international terrorism was actively pursued, etc. High prices for energy resources favoured Russia's economic development, which provided opportunities to expand its influence in the world. Western countries could no longer look at Russia from the position of a winner, as it was in the 90s. Russia had to remember that it was a world power with its own national interests. In this regard, there was a need to implement a global policy that envisaged cooperation with the countries of Asia, Africa and South America. Russia no longer looks at Western countries as a benchmark, realising its own civilisational significance.

Key words: Putin, NATO, US, Bush, multipolar world, UN.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.038

D.I. POLISCHUK Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

S.S. ZAKHARCHUK Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST IN THE STATE INTERSTATE COOPERATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND CHINA

The Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China are now continental powers. The level of foreign policy coverage that such major powers have achieved today has few precedents in their history. For a long time, the use of the two types of the Russian Federation and the PRC affects the commonality of positions on important issues of the global level, including the problems of the formation of a multipolar world order, the preservation of the role of the UN, the obligatory nature of strategic stability and security, carried out through the framework of cooperation in the SCO, the application of the concepts of human rights and international sovereignty. In addition, the rapprochement factors are: the etatist nature of the political systems of both states, as well as competition with the United States. At the moment, Moscow and Beijing are not formally allies, but the obligations they have assumed under a number of agreements bring them very close to this status.

The article analyzes the genesis and prerequisites for cooperation between the Russian Federation and the PRC in the period of the 1990s - 2000s, as well as the formation of the regulatory and institutional framework for the partnership between the Russian Federation and the PRC. Separately, the role of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District in cooperation between Russia and China in the economic, military-political, and humanitarian fields is emphasized.

Key words: China, international cooperation, Far East, Far Eastern Federal District, SCO.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.039

YA.D. ROGOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

S.A. TOKAREVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.D. KOSTINA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

APPLICATION OF UNILATERAL RESTRICTIVE MEASURES IN PRACTICE AGAINST CUBA AND RUSSIA

The article examines the use of unilateral restrictive measures, such as sanctions, in the context of international relations, using the examples of the U.S. application of trade restrictive measures against Cuba in 1960 and the sanctions measures against Russia in 2014. The author analyzes the different types of restrictive measures taken by countries and international organizations and examines their impact on the economy, politics and social aspects of the two countries. The article also examines the motivations and purposes of such measures, as well as their consequences for the countries on which they are imposed. The analysis takes into account the changing global political environment and the impact of digital technology on the effectiveness and effect of restrictive measures in today's world. The results and conclusions of the article will help to better understand the role of unilateral restrictive measures in global relations and their impact on countries.

Key words: international relations, security, restrictive measures, legal regulation, sanctions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.040

SUNHENG Master, Faculty of Journalism, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS ON THE WAY TO INSTITUTIONALIZATION

The article explores the process of development and institutionalization of media communications. The author analyzes the main trends and changes occurring in the field of media communications and considers them in the context of their influence on public institutions. The author emphasizes the importance of institutionalizing media communications and calls for increased practical research in this area. He points out the need to develop and implement mechanisms that will ensure transparency and openness of the media, as well as guarantee access to a variety of information for society.

Key words: media communications, institutionalization, Internet, media, journalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.041

D.V. BRATKOVSKAYA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

S.A. IVANTSOV Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF JOSEPH NYE AND THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF HIS SOFT POWER THEORY

The concept of force as the main foreign policy resource of the state in the theory and practice of world politics can hardly be overestimated. Representatives of different schools of international relations research have addressed the analysis of this category in different historical periods. Not so long ago, the resource components of state power were traditionally assessed exclusively in the military or economic context, and the military-industrial complex was considered the main tool of the arsenal of political influence; today, however, such factors as economic success, ideological credibility and cultural attractiveness of the country come to the forefront of indicators, and the toolkit is replenished with completely new methods and strategies.

In this article, the author examines Joseph Nye's theory of "soft power" as central to the definition of the non-power toolkit, and considers its development in a number of other concepts of non-power influence.

Key words: international relations, politics, foreign policy, foreign policy toolkit, soft power, Joseph Nye, hard power, sharp power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.042

N.S. DUBKOV Student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

D.A. VOLZHANIN student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

D.V. LITVINENKO student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

MIGRATION POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES IN MODERN CONDITIONS (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF FRANCE AND GERMANY)

Today, many countries in Western Europe are pursuing a migration policy and, in connection with it, are faced with certain problems that arise from the methods chosen by these states. States accept a huge number of migrants who do not want to assimilate, repeatedly violate laws and do not want to find work, which causes dissatisfaction among taxpayers, whose taxes fund benefits. But are migrants themselves to blame for their situation? The purpose of this work will be to analyze the migration policies of France and Germany in order to identify its effectiveness.

Key words: migration, European Union, migration policy, assimilation.

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