№ 1 (106), 2024

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 14. Issue 1 (106), 2024

CONTENTS

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Golovina A.I. The Genocide of the Jewish Population in the Occupied Territory of the Pskov Region in 1941-1944
Grishin A.V. Libraries of the Penza Region During the Perestroika Period
Kornev D.V. Industry of Chuvashia in the Context of Socio-Economic Upheaval of the 1990s
Krysin D.A. Historiography of L.P.’S Activities Kurakova
Malish M.A. Historical Aspects of the Formation of Russian Statehood
Agarev A.F., Merkulov A.V. Introduction of a State of Siege in Ryazan During the Great Patriotic War
Mirzabekov M.Ya. Problems of Women's Equality in the Works of Ahmedkhan Abu-Bakar in the 1960s.
Ryabkova O.V. Implementation of State Social Assistance to Military Servicemen and their Families in the Yamal-Nenets National District in 1941-1946
Sidnenko T.I., Sitnikov S.P. Activity of the USSR MIC in Forming a System for the Development and Implementation of Rocket Artillery for the USSR Navy in the 30-40 Years

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Lebedev I.Yu. Property Problem in the History of Ancient Philosophy (Part I)
Kerimov O.Yu. The Place of the Theory of "Multiple Modernity" in the Socio-Cultural Discourse on Modernization

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Polunov A.Yu., Budanov M.A. State National Policy and Regional Authorities: Problems of Unification
Kirsanova E.G., Gorbunov N.S., Danilova E.A., Saushkina M.S. Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in Social and Political Process: on the Topic of Trends and Issues
Bikeikin M.E. On the Question of Contradiction of Scientific Currents on the Nature of Ethnicity (Primordialism and Constructivism) in the Russian Ethnologies: 1990-2023
Prisekin A.A. Special Economic Zones as an Actual Mechanism for Solving Modern Problems of Innovative Development: the Experience of the Russian Federation
Asatryan B.A. The Russian Model of Political Governance: Current Public Values and an Axiological Turn in the Management Strategy of the Modern Russian Government
Dmitriev N.Yu. Problems of Civil Society Development in Modern Russia During the Period of Liberal Transit
Nguyen Thi Anh. Factors Obstacle to the Effectiveness of Ethnic Equality Policies in Vietnam
Rakityanskiy N.M., Tsaritsyna P.M. The Political Elites of France in the Context of Mental Research (Part 2)
Mukhametzyanova-Duggal R.M., Yashin D.Yu. New Religious Movements in Bashkortostan: Genesis, Demographic Characteristics and Organizational Features

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Kovrigin D.E. The Application of Field Theory to Analyze the Interaction of Government and Business in the Russian Segment of Cyberspace
Magadiev M.F. Priority Directions for the Development of Public Administration in the Field of Ensuring Technological Sovereignty Russian Federation

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Amiantov A.A., Rabadanov I.R. Military-Political Cooperation Between the States of the Caspian Region and the Protection of Russia's National Interests
Magadiev M.F. Russian-Iranian Relations in Conditions of International Turbulence: Status and Current Development Trends
Vakhitov R.R. Sensitivity and Vulnerability of Countries in Cyberspace as a Factor of Relationships
Drogovoz A.I. "Soft Power" as a Foreign Policy Tool the Republic of Turkey in Central Asia
Karachev V.V. The Main Directions of Ensuring Environmental Safety During the Crisis of International Relations
Muravyeva A.E. Egypt in the Context of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict
Xonrada G.J., Boceria S.A. Challenges Resulting from Policy Gaps in SCO-ASEAN Regional Security Cooperation: a Qualitative Analysis (2001-2021)
Zhao Na. Comparative Analysis of the Soft Power Strategies and Methods of the United States and Russia in the Global Arena
Zheng Nan. U.S. Policy in Central Asia Since the End of the Cold War

REVIEWS AND SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS

Medvedev N.P. Vector of Modern Historical Publications: on the Question of their Relevance

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.001

A.I. GOLOVINA Graduate student, Department of History, Institute of Humanities, Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

THE GENOCIDE OF THE JEWISH POPULATION IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORY OF THE PSKOV REGION IN 1941-1944

One of the first regions of Russia which experienced all the hardships of the The Great Patriotic War was the Pskov region. The city was considered as "the key to the front doors to Leningrad", in connection with which the administrative, economic and military associations of Army Group North, as well as the headquarters of the Einsatzgruppen A, were located in Pskov and nearby areas. Thus, Pskov region became not only the first region of the RSFSR forced to exist under the yoke of German occupation, but also the territory where the "Final Solution to the Jewish question" began to be embodied - the program of genocide of the Jewish population of Europe, otherwise – the Holocaust.

The authors of this article, using problem-chronological and comparative historical research methods, tried to restore the chronology of the extermination of the Jewish population of the Pskov region.

Key words: the Holocaust, the Great Patriotic War, RSFSR, genocide, fascism, Pskov region, getto.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.002

A.V. GRISHIN Graduate student in the Department of History and Philosophy of Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

LIBRARIES OF THE PENZA REGION DURING THE PERESTROIKA PERIOD

During the perestroika period, all spheres of the country's socio-economic life, including cultural, are transformed. The library industry is facing new realities and trying to adapt to them. The study of the activities of the network of libraries at the regional level allows you to recreate an objective picture of the daily life of the population; supplement historical knowledge of the essence of state policy in the field of culture, including librarianship, in the indicated chronological framework.

The article sets a goal to study the content and forms of work of libraries of the Penza region in the period 1985-1991. The tasks of the study were implemented on the basis of analysis and generalization of materials from the Foundation of the Department of Culture of the Penza Oblast Executive Committee of the State Archive of the Penza Region. The work uses methods: historical-genetic, historical-comparative.

Initially, libraries continued to operate in the former ideological and organizational framework. Gradually, with the deepening of the processes of democratization and publicity, new approaches and models of the functioning of libraries are being formed. To optimally implement the cultural policy in the region, to increase the efficiency of the work of local libraries and their social status, the «Target Program for the Development of Librarianship in the Penza Region until 2005», «Concept for the Development of Librarianship in the Penza Region», and the «Accessibility» Program «Developed»; a regional council for culture and art was created.

In the context of a decrease in funding and a deterioration in the financial situation of library workers, cultural institutions are expanding the range of paid services.

The study of library practice in the second half of the 1980s in the Penza region made it possible to identify the main trends and difficulties in the development of cultural institutions, to determine the direction of the subsequent study of the scientific problem.

Key words: USSR, perestroika, culture, library, Penza region, «Concept of development of librarianship in Penza region».

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.003

D.V. KORNEV Associate Professor of the Department of Radar and Automatic Control Systems of the Military Training Center at the National Research University "Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology", Zelenograd, Russia

INDUSTRY OF CHUVASHIA IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC UPHEAVAL OF THE 1990S

“Perestroika” period 1985-1991 is a turning point in the history of Russia. This is a time of radical reforms that covered the economic and political spheres of social life in all regions of the country. Development of industry in post-Soviet Chuvashia in the 1990s. occurred in several stages: the beginning – mid-1990s, when radical economic reforms took place, which led to a significant decline in industry and unemployment; second half of the 1990s – gradual stabilization in the industry, as a result of which a rise in production begins in a number of industries. The main industries of Chuvashia in these years were mechanical engineering and metalworking, electric power, chemical, light and food. Price liberalization announced in 1992 entailed serious financial difficulties for the industry. Since 1994, the Government of the Chuvash Republic has provided active financial support to large industrial organizations of the republic. The measures taken did not make it possible to close large factories in the republic. A significant measure to support industry by the leadership of Chuvashia was transformations in the structures and management processes of organizations. The consistent implementation of the decisions of the Government of the Republic to create the necessary economic and organizational conditions for the normalization of the activities of industrial enterprises made it possible in 1997 to overcome the decline in industrial production. Despite the acute crisis in the socio-economic life of the country's population, the industry of the Chuvash Republic in the late 1990s – early 2000s. managed to overcome the peak of decline and continue its development.

Key words: industry, 1990s, socio-economic reforms, Chuvash Republic.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.004

D.A. KRYSIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History them. A.V. Arsentieva Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanova, Cheboksary, Russia

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HISTORIOGRAPHY OF L.P.’S ACTIVITIES KURAKOVA

The article is devoted to the research of the historiography of the activities of Professor L.P. Kurakova. The works of regional authors are analyzed.

Key words: L.P. Kurakov, scientist, Chuvashia, biography.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.005

M.A. MALISH Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of History and Political Science, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russia

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HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF RUSSIAN STATEHOOD

This scientific article examines the historical aspects of the formation of Russian statehood. A detailed analysis of the key stages, processes and factors that contributed to the formation and development of the state system on the territory of modern Russia is carried out. Special attention is paid to external factors that have influenced the process of statehood formation. Next, the period of consolidation of Russian statehood in the era of the tsardom is considered. The example of modernization and transformation in the 19th and 20th centuries demonstrates what changes have occurred in the Russian state system. Then, the period of Soviet Russia and its influence on the development of Russian statehood in the context of the formation of the USSR and subsequent changes are considered. The end point of the study is the development of Russian statehood in a modern context. Through an in-depth analysis of historical events and processes, the key features and importance of Russian statehood for modern society are revealed.

Key words: Russian statehood, state, formation, factors, strengthening.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.006

A.F. AGAREV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

A.V. MERKULOV Postgraduate student (Historical Science and Archeology, National History) of Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

INTRODUCTION OF A STATE OF SIEGE IN RYAZAN DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

The article contains the results of the events taking place in the Ryazan region at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, about what the situation was at the front and what led to the introduction of a state of siege in the city of Ryazan. This paper describes in detail the list of measures aimed at preparing for the possible defense of the city. Using the example of the Skopinsky district of the Ryazan region, the author showed in detail the results of the Fascist occupation, and also described the events that took place after the liberation of the Skopinsky district from the Fascist invaders, the counteroffensive of the 10th army and, as a consequence, the lifting of the state of siege from the city of Ryazan.

Key words: Ryazan, the Great Patriotic War, the state of siege, Skopin, the line of defense, the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, Ryazan City Defense Committee.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.007

M.YA. MIRZABEKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography, Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Russia

PROBLEMS OF WOMEN'S EQUALITY IN THE WORKS OF AHMEDKHAN ABU-BAKAR IN THE 1960S.

In the modern Russian state, the problem of ensuring gender equality, especially in its Muslim regions, is of undoubted scientific interest and is of great practical importance. In this context, social scientists are faced with the task of exceptional social significance to generalize the experience of socio-cultural development of the population in previous decades, including artistic creativity in such a specific region of the country as Dagestan, which will ensure equal rights for Dagestani women in addressing economic, socio-political, socio- cultural and other problems of the region. In the article, based on the principles of scientific objectivity and historicism, using descriptive and systematic research methods, for the first time in regional historiography, an attempt was made to analyze the problems of gender equality in the works of the people's writer of Dagestan Akhmedkhan Abu-Bakar “Dargin Girls” and “Chegeri”.

Analysis of the texts of the stories allows us to come to a reasonable conclusion that despite objective difficulties and unresolved problems, due to great changes in economic and socio-cultural development in multinational Dagestan in the 1960s, significant positive changes took place in ensuring women's equality in the multinational region countries. However, as the author shows, significant difficulties and unresolved issues remained in the republic in ensuring access for mountain women to education, participation in public life, equality in family life and other spheres of life.

Key words: Dagestan, story, girlfriends, parents, life partner, education, specialty, love, happiness.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.008

O.V. RYABKOVA Junior Researcher, History Sector and archeology of the research department of the State Autonomous Institution of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug “Scientific Center for Arctic Studies”, Salekhard, Russia

IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE TO MILITARY SERVICEMEN AND THEIR FAMILIES IN THE YAMAL-NENETS NATIONAL DISTRICT IN 1941-1946.

The purpose of the article is to study the features of the implementation of state social assistance to military personnel and their families in the Yamalo-Nenets National District in 1941-1946. The methodological basis of the work was the mobilization model of the development of Russian society. The study used general scientific methods – analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction. The novelty of the study lies in the introduction into scientific circulation of previously unpublished information in the scientific literature on the issues of social security for military personnel and their families in the Yamalo-Nenets National District during and after the end of the Great Patriotic War. Providing assistance to the families of military personnel and those returning from the front was of great political importance, as it demonstrated the state's concern for its citizens during the war. Also, support measures helped strengthen the moral and psychological climate among the population, overcome the hardships of wartime in the rear, and contributed to the citizens’ focus on victory and loyalty to the Soviet government.

Key words: Yamalo-Nenets District, social assistance, assistance to military personnel, assistance to those in need, state assistance, compensation, Great Patriotic War.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.009

T.I. SIDNENKO Associate Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of History of Russia since ancient times times before the beginning of the 19th century, Russian State Pedagogical University named after. A.I. Herzen, Moscow, Russia

S.P. SITNIKOV Lecturer at the Department of Tactics (and Combat Work of MFA) Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy, Moscow, Russia

ACTIVITY OF THE USSR MIC IN FORMING A SYSTEM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ROCKET ARTILLERY FOR THE USSR NAVY IN THE 30-40 YEARS

The work of management bodies, industry on the development of rocket artillery installations, ammunition for Navy vessels in 30-40 years. Abstract The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the development of rocket launchers, combat and special-purpose rocket ammunition for the Navy in the 30-40 years. Development of new principles of their application on ships of various types. Applications in the interests of coastal artillery. The decisive contribution of the designers of jet weapons is shown. The main stages of the test are reflected. The work of industry in the pre-war years, which played a crucial role in the defeat of the enemy in the Great Patriotic War.

Key words: rocket launchers, rocket projectiles (RS), People's Commissariat of Mortar Armament of the USSR, Artillery Directorate of the Navy.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.010

I.YU. LEBEDEV Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State Regulation of Economics, Faculty of MIGSU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

PROPERTY PROBLEM IN THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY (PART I)

Primary systematic analysis of the problems of property and social philosophy in the works of Plato and Aristotle. Private and public property, their interdependence and differences. Types of government. Laws and their role in society. Hedonic and rationalistic principle. Aristotle on human nature and property. The concept of natural inequality, production and consumption. The role of property as a cause of war.

Key words: property, ancient philosophy, social philosophy, Plato, Aristotle, anthropic principle, the desiring and rational principle of the human soul, oligarchy, chrematistics, state, laws, incentive for private property, justice, timocracy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.011

O.YU. KERIMOV South-Russia Institute of Management – Branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

THE PLACE OF THE THEORY OF "MULTIPLE MODERNITY" IN THE SOCIO-CULTURAL DISCOURSE ON MODERNIZATION

The article is devoted to the analysis of the basic provisions of the theory of "multiple modernity" proposed by Sh. Eisenstadt and his followers, in the context of socio-cultural discourse on modernization. The author identifies and shows the main differences between the theory of multiple modernity and the concept of socio-cultural modernization developed by Russian researchers. The article emphasizes the importance of symbolic structuralism as a methodological basis for the theory of multiple modernity, it is noted that differences in civilizational and cultural symbolism determine the multivariance of modern forms corresponding to different civilizations. In contrast to the concept of socio-cultural modernization, which limits the importance of socio-cultural factors by influencing the course of modernization of the value-normative complex, the theory of multiple moderns proceeds from the idea of the determining role of cultural and civilizational symbolism in the formation and transformation of the institutional structure of societies.

Key words: sociocultural discourse, modernization, theory of "multiple modernity", universalism, civilization, archetypal symbolism, endogenous modernity.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.012

A.YU. POLUNOV PhD in History, Professor, Head of the Department of Interethnic and Interdenominational Relations Management, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

M.A. BUDANOV PhD in History, Associate Professor, Department of Interethnic and Interdenominational Relations Management, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

STATE NATIONAL POLICY AND REGIONAL AUTHORITIES: PROBLEMS OF UNIFICATION

Regulation of interethnic relations constitutes one of the most important directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation, due to the multi-ethnic nature of our country and the high level of national self-awareness of the peoples inhabiting it. The article analyzes the main directions of government activity in this area and the problems that exist here. A significant part of these problems is associated with insufficient coordination of the work of various institutions responsible for the implementation of state national policy, and the need to make this work more systematic and targeted. This problem, in turn, is largely caused by the diversity of bodies involved in regulating interethnic relations at the level of federal subjects. Based on the study of regulatory legal acts and other official sources, as well as Internet resources, the authors analyze the current situation in this area. The analysis carried out allows us to conclude that the current state of affairs hinders the effective implementation of the state national policy, especially in the context of the increasing complexity of the tasks facing it. The situation could be ameliorated by introducing of a certain unification into the system of bodies responsible for regulating interethnic relations, as well as the establishment in key regions of the country of territorial departments of the Federal Agency for Nationalities Affairs. The movement in this direction began with the creation in 2023 of the Southwestern Directorate of the Federal Agency with centers in Rostov-on-Don and the Interregional Directorate for the North Caucasus Federal District, the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol with centers in Kislovodsk and the city of Sevastopol.

Key words: state national policy, interethnic relations, public administration, Federal Agency for Nationalities Affairs, authorities of the constituent entities of the federation, territorial administrations, unification of governing bodies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.013

E.G. KIRSANOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Comparative Political Science, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

N.S. GORBUNOV Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov; master's degree in "International Relations", master's program "International Strategic Communications" of the Faculty of World Politics, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

E.A. DANILOVA State Civil Service Advisor, Russian Federation 2nd class; third-year postgraduate student at the Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Master of Management, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov with a specialization in “Public Administration”; lead advisor, Department for Development of Eurasian Integration, Ministry of Economic Development of Russia (2018-2020), Moscow, Russia

M.S. SAUSHKINA Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

UTILIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PROCESS: ON THE TOPIC OF TRENDS AND ISSUES

Today the necessity of developing artificial intelligence (AI) in various spheres of society is beyond doubt. Digitalization is penetrating deeper into public administration, political and socio-economic areas. In this regard the issue of the modern digital technologies advantages as well as the new challenges faced by the state and society become relevant. Young political scientists of Moscow State University under the guidance of PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Comparative Political Science Department discussed current trends and consequences of the artificial intelligence usage in socio-political processes, including opportunities and threats. The purpose of the academic discussion is to outline the capabilities of artificial intelligence, as well as the potential of modern digital technologies. The content of the paper appears to be academically significant and is presented in the form of a research. Thus, the main research method is academic discussion. During preparations for the discussion were also used methods of content analysis and event analysis. In the course of the discussion both Russian and foreign experience of using AI systems in socio-political processes were raised, which showed the complexity of their use in modern times.

Key words: artificial intelligence, digitalization, digital technologies, big data, socio-political processes, sustainable development, national security, large language model (LLM), recognition systems, forecasting, big data analysis, information security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.014

M.E. BIKEIKIN Postgraduate student of the Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia; Communications Manager of JSC "Kalinov Rodnik", Saransk, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF CONTRADICTION OF SCIENTIFIC CURRENTS ON THE NATURE OF ETHNICITY (PRIMORDIALISM AND CONSTRUCTIVISM) IN THE RUSSIAN ETHNOLOGIES: 1990-2023

The article analyzes the main aspects of the discussion on the need to rethink the place of the primordialist approach in Russian ethnology and related scientific disciplines, which intensified among Russian ethnologists in the early 2020s and continues to this day. The author seeks to highlight the key points of divergence between primordialismand constructivism, identify the causes of the conflict, and give a forecast of its development in the near future.

Key words: primordialism, constructivism, Russian ethnology, paradigms in Russian ethnology, ethnological methods, ethnogenesis, ethnicity, ethnos, nation, state, politics, ethnopolitical science.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.015

A.A. PRISEKIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

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SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES AS AN ACTUAL MECHANISM FOR SOLVING MODERN PROBLEMS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Modern global challenges raise the issue of developing mutually beneficial relations between government and business, creating an effective form of their cooperation for the realization of national interests. Currently, scientific and technical policy and the innovation environment of the Russian Federation have a wide range of tools and mechanisms for interaction between government authorities and business structures for the study, development, creation, production, dissemination of new technologies and modernization of outdated ones, however, at the same time, innovative development, stimulation of new discoveries and development of innovative infrastructure are key for domestic policy. In this regard, there is a search for an up-to-date and effective mechanism of cooperation. The Special Economic Zone is just one of them. It allows you to combine the funds of both partners not only within one of the production sectors, but also for innovative development. Together, the public and private sectors are forming innovative infrastructure throughout the country, creating a number of complexes for scientific and technological progress. In turn, SEZs are, to a certain extent, a driver for launching many projects and innovations that make it possible to make a breakthrough in many areas. Thanks to this mechanism, it is possible to solve a number of socio-economic problems facing the Russian Federation.

Key words: special economic zones, interaction between the public and private sectors, scientific and technical policy, innovation, innovation policy, innovative development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.016

B.A. ASATRYAN Assistant to the Deputy of the Legislative Assembly of the Rostov region, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

THE RUSSIAN MODEL OF POLITICAL GOVERNANCE: CURRENT PUBLIC VALUES AND AN AXIOLOGICAL TURN IN THE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF THE MODERN RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT

In the article, based on the results of political and legal documents, hermeneutic and content analysis of the Messages of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly, the results of public opinion monitoring on strategic planning and implementation of social policy ("National Goals – 2023", "National Projects – 2023", "Social Justice", "Special Operation", etc.) were the current public values, the dynamics of the Russians' assessment of the effectiveness of the activities of the political authorities and the supreme national leader are revealed.

Current opinion polls confirm that the public values of modern Russia are connected, first of all, with the demand of the population for social justice, order, the rule of law, and material well-being. The modern Russian government at the legislative level recognizes and fixes traditional values as universal guidelines of state and public policy, designating them as necessary conditions for ensuring national security, sovereignty, goals of innovative development, and the well-being of citizens, which can be interpreted as an axiological turn in the concept of political governance in Russia. At the same time, the paradoxical nature of the Russian management model, with the dominance of two completely different states of the socio-political system, the anti-crisis management model, which practically excludes risk management and prevents disasters at the cost of large losses, based on two completely different types of subjects of socio-political and economic development (administrators of cells within the base clusters at the bottom of the power vertical and bureaucrats-officials at the top of the pyramid of power), leadership type, etc. significantly hinders the innovative development of Russia. This requires further adjustment of the political management of external and internal polysubject environments based on the model management by values.

Key words: post-non-classical paradigm of political management, Russian management model, monitoring of public opinion, public values, management by values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.017

N.YU. DMITRIEV Postgraduate student, South-Russia Institute of Management – Branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

PROBLEMS OF CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT IN MODERN RUSSIA DURING THE PERIOD OF LIBERAL TRANSIT

The article emphasizes the relevance of the study of the problems of civil society development in modern Russia during the period of liberal transit, which was due to the general incompleteness of the processes of formation of Russian political power in the post-Soviet period and the instability of the positioning of its main constituents, including political elites, as well as political and civil society. The main results of the presented research include the provisions according to which the process of formation of civil society in our country cannot be considered exclusively in the image and likeness with similar processes taking place in Western European countries: there are significant differences both in type and in the sources of formation of civil structures. According to the conclusion of the author of the study, the main obstacles to the effective development of civil society in our country include the lack of development of the so-called horizontal communication: the population as a whole is characterized by value fragmentation and unwillingness to engage in dialogue in the absence of developed and stable direct and feedback links between society and government, which is accompanied by the dominance of paternalistic orientations in a significant parts of the population.

Key words: bureaucracy, state power, civil initiative, civil structure, civil control, civil society, non-profit organization, public organization, political elite, statistic.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.018

NGUYEN THI ANH Postgraduate student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russia

FACTORS OBSTACLE TO THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ETHNIC EQUALITY POLICIES IN VIETNAM

Being a multi-ethnic country and developing in line with international integration, Vietnam pays special attention to pursuing a policy of ethnic equality. However, in addition to the achievements, these policies still have certain disadvantages, which make life more difficult for ethnic minorities. They still face difficult living conditions, low wages, limited access to services and high levels of poverty. The purpose of this article is to identify factors that reduce the effectiveness of the ethnic equality policy in Vietnam, which will further help improve this policy.

Key words: Vietnam, political system, policy of ethnic equality, ethnic policy, international integration, officials, science and technology, sabotage, corruption, stagnation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.019

N.M. RAKITYANSKIY Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Political Sociology and Psychology Program, Political Science Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

P.M. TSARITSYNA Graduate student, Political Sociology and Psychology Program, Political Science Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE POLITICAL ELITES OF FRANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF MENTAL RESEARCH

(Part 2)

The second part of the article examines the influence of the French Renaissance on the ruling elites, who, having assimilated the mental models of the Italian Renaissance, began to build their national identity on their basis. The centuries-old theological and political nature of French political power in the Renaissance era transformed into a substantive and pragmatic one. For the first time in the political history of Europe, politics was separated from religion. Christian dogmas as the basic mental attitudes of the elites have given way to the meaning-generating primacy of secular principles of existence. During the period of absolutism, anti-absolutist and anticlerical mental and political attitudes were formed in the elite environment on the soil cultivated by the Renaissance, which determined the nature of the revolutionary events of the XVIII-XIX centuries. During the period of the Consulate and the First Empire, Napoleon I, seeking to ensure the economic dominance of the Empire and its military superiority over the countries of the continent, pursued a policy of mental reconstruction of the elite. In the course of the analysis, the authors reveal the dialectical nature of the mental dynamics of the French elites.

Key words: ruling elites, mentalization, Renaissance, absolutism, Enlightenment, revolution, Consulate, First Empire, mental dynamics, reflection, subjectivity, patriotism, passionarity, transpersonal will, nonconformism, positivism, anticlericalism, Louis XI, Francis I, Henry IV, Louis XIII, Richelieu, Louis XIV, Mazarin, Napoleon I, Napoleon III, G. Clemenceau, Ch. de Gaulle.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.020

R.M. MUKHAMETZYANOVA-DUGGAL Doctor of Political Science, Professor R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

D.YU. YASHIN Postgraduate student, R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS IN BASHKORTOSTAN: GENESIS, DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND ORGANIZATIONAL FEATURES

The article examines the new religious movements, identifies the main types of non-traditional beliefs that have spread in Bashkortostan. The author examines their development from the beginning to the present, gives the main demographic characteristics and analyzes the organizational features.

Key words: religion, new religious movements, society of Krishna consciousness, Scientology, syncretism.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.022

D.E. KOVRIGIN Postgraduate student of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE APPLICATION OF FIELD THEORY TO ANALYZE THE INTERACTION OF GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS IN THE RUSSIAN SEGMENT OF CYBERSPACE

The purpose of this article is to study the cyberspace of the Russian Federation within the framework of field theory. The field of Russian IT companies is determined by the territorial affiliation and state regulatory systems of the Russian Federation. At the present stage, this field is in a destabilized state due to the sanctions pressure of foreign states, in particular, due to the suspension of the activities of foreign companies in Russia.

Key words: field theory, state, economic cluster, sanctions, national segment of cyberspace, information technology, economics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.023

M.F. MAGADIEV Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and public administration Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia

PRIORITY DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE FIELD OF ENSURING TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In the modern international situation, characterized by the formation of new principles of the world order and transformation of the world economic system, the issue of national security and ensuring socio-economic security based on the imperative of technological sovereignty arises especially acutely. In this article, the author examines the priority areas for the development of public administration in the field of ensuring the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation, analyzes their current state, noting both positive aspects and problematic aspects. The conclusion summarizes the main conclusions from the research.

Key words: Security, public administration, import substitution, Russia, sanctions, technology, technological sovereignty, electronic government, digitalization of the economy.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.024

A.A. AMIANTOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public and Municipal Administration of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, member of the Expert Council of the Federation Council Committee on Defense and Security, Moscow, Russia

I.R. RABADANOV Political scientist, member of the Expert Council of the Federation Council Committee on Defense and Security, specialist in international relations, Moscow, Russia

MILITARY-POLITICAL COOPERATION BETWEEN THE STATES OF THE CASPIAN REGION AND THE PROTECTION OF RUSSIA'S NATIONAL INTERESTS

The article analyzes the normative legal acts regulating relations between the states of the Caspian region, as well as modern military and political processes taking place in the region in modern realities. Possible threats to the national interests of the Russian Federation, the Islamic Republic of Iran and other Caspian littoral states are being investigated. The article predicts the further development of the military-political situation in the region and makes certain recommendations.

Key words: Caspian region, Russia, international cooperation, convention, foreign policy, political process, security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.025

RUSSIAN-IRANIAN RELATIONS IN CONDITIONS OF INTERNATIONAL TURBULENCE: STATUS AND CURRENT DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

The current geopolitical situation contributes to the rapprochement of the Russian Federation with the Islamic Republic. In this article, the author examines the state and current trends in the development of Russian-Iranian relations in conditions of international turbulence. At the same time, special attention is paid to intensifying cooperation between the two countries in the context of a special military operation in Ukraine and building a multipolar world. In conclusion, conclusions reflecting the main results of the study are summarized.

Key words: Military-technical cooperation, Iran, multipolar world, Russia, Russian-Iranian relations, sanctions, Special military operation in Ukraine.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.021

R.R. VAKHITOV Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

SENSITIVITY AND VULNERABILITY OF COUNTRIES IN CYBERSPACE AS A FACTOR OF RELATIONSHIPS

The article is devoted to the actual topic of the development of cyber technologies in the modern world, as well as the impact of cyber operations on relations between states. It is noted that cyber-attacks are becoming a key factor in the threat to relationships on the world stage. The study presents a general definition of cyber technology and attempts to highlight vulnerabilities in cyberspace. The analysis reveals the concept of sensitivity and vulnerability among countries in the field of cybersecurity, and the key role in development is assigned to actively forming coalitions of countries to preserve their sovereignty in the field of cybersecurity. It is revealed that the largest companies are becoming a potential source of both resolution and emergence of global and complex problems – they are entrusted with the functions of integration and ensuring the long-term vector of development of cyber technologies in the world.

Key words: cyber technologies, international relations, cyber security, cyber threats, state infrastructure.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.026

A.I. DROGOVOZ Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

"SOFT POWER" AS A FOREIGN POLICY TOOL THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY IN CENTRAL ASIA

The paper examines the features of Turkey's “soft power” policy in Central Asia. The Republic of Turkey views Central Asia as a zone of its national interests and influence, believing that the common ethnic roots of the Turkic peoples, cultural and historical community, geopolitical and economic opportunities provide an opportunity to gain a foothold in the region as one of the most influential actors.

The purpose of the work is to analyze Turkey’s “soft power” policy in Central Asia. Its main objectives are to consider the factors determining Turkey’s “soft power” in the Central Asian region, the formation and evolution of Turkey’s “soft power” policy in the region, the transformation of summits of Turkic-speaking states into the regional Organization of Turkic States, TIKA as a tool of “soft power”, culture and education, as well as cooperation during COVID-19. The relevance of the topic is determined by the growing attention and level of cooperation between Turkey and the countries of Central Asia. Turkey's attention to the region has been permanent, but in recent years there has been a noticeable intensification of it, primarily through “soft power” tools. In this regard, it is of interest to analyze Turkey’s “soft power” policy in Central Asia, its strengths and possible limitations. The methods used include systemic, comparative, historical, and situational analysis.

The article analyzes the key aspects of Turkey’s “soft power” policy in Central Asia, their current state, trends and development prospects.

Key words: Turkey, Central Asia, “soft power”, cooperation, Organization of Turkic States, culture, education.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.027

V.V. KARACHEV Postgraduate student, South-Russia Institute of Management – Branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY DURING THE CRISIS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

This article examines the key aspects and strategies of ensuring environmental safety in the context of increasing international tensions and crises. The author analyzes how the conjuncture of international political relations affects environmental policy. Special attention is paid to the relationship between environmental challenges and the geopolitical situation, including issues of climate change, consumption of natural resources and international cooperation in the field of ecology. The article offers a comprehensive approach to the analysis of environmental challenges and threats in the context of global political changes, emphasizing the need to strengthen international cooperation and develop sustainable environmental strategies.

Key words: natural resources, environmental problems, globalization, international relations, environmental security, geopolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.028

A.E. MURAVYEVA Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

EGYPT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI CONFLICT

This study is devoted to Egypt, analyzing the reasons for the attempt to regain its regional role, despite the high level of poverty in the country. Egypt's previously observed involvement in many international processes, the high level of its diplomacy, large population, and geographical location still allow it today to count on an active role in international issues in the region. It should be noted that Egypt interprets the role of a mediator in the modern Palestinian-Israeli conflict in its own way.

Key words: world politics, regional role, Egypt, transformation of the world order, Egypt Strategy 2030.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.029

G.J. XONRADA PhD student (international relations) Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

S.A. BOCERIA Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

CHALLENGES RESULTING FROM POLICY GAPS IN SCO-ASEAN REGIONAL SECURITY COOPERATION: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS (2001-2021)

Policies are formalized statements of intent given by organizations and institutions. Through the lenses of structural and defensive realism theories, the Shanghai Cooperation Agreement (SCO) aims to present an alternative to Western models of regionalism. In contrast, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), through omni-enmeshment theory, aims to reinforce its centrality in the Asia-Pacific region by establishing partnerships with a diverse set of partners. However, there are significant gaps in the guiding policies enabling SCO and ASEAN regional security cooperation, which limits the potential of this endeavor between the two organizations. A qualitative analysis of the foundational SCO and ASEAN policies from 2001 to 2021 reveals significant policy gaps hindering regional security cooperation growth between the two organizations. While the SCO and ASEAN have shared values that could become a new form of regionalism, this process presents several challenges. These challenges include disjointed bilateral relations between key SCO members China and Russia with ASEAN, different preferred modes of cooperation, superficial existing policies, limited appreciation of ASEAN towards SCO, and divergent views of ASEAN member states towards the SCO.

Key words: ASEAN, SCO, regionalism, omni-enmeshment, defensive realism, policy gap analysis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.030

ZHAO NA Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SOFT POWER STRATEGIES AND METHODS OF THE UNITED STATES AND RUSSIA IN THE GLOBAL ARENA

A comparative analysis of the soft power strategies and methods of the United States and Russia in the global arena is an intriguing and complex study of two influential global actors. Both states actively employ soft power in their strategies to influence global events, but the methods and approaches to its implementation significantly differ. The United States, based on the ideals of democracy and freedom, utilizes a wide range of soft power tools. Cultural diplomacy, humanitarian aid, the dissemination of their values through mass media, and educational programs are all part of the American arsenal of soft power. America aims to create an image of an open society that is attractive to other nations. On the other hand, the Russian approach to soft power often focuses on preserving national identity and maintaining influence in its immediate and distant abroad. Russia actively employs information warfare, control over energy resources, and support for Russian-speaking diasporas in other countries. Comparing these strategies, it can be noted that the United States tends to use soft power to maintain global leadership and spread its values, while Russia, seeking to restore its influence, focuses on protecting national interests. An important aspect of the comparison is also the effectiveness of soft power application in different regions of the world. Where values and methods align with local culture, soft power is usually more successful. In this context, the United States, with more experience in implementing its soft power, can often achieve more noticeable results. However, despite differences in strategies, both states understand the importance of utilizing soft power in the modern world. Its effective application helps to mitigate conflicts, create allies, and influence public opinion. As a result, the analysis of the soft power of the United States and Russia emerges as a key element in understanding their foreign policies and strategies on the global stage.

Key words: soft power, United States, Russia, cultural diplomacy, humanitarian aid, information warfare.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.031

ZHENG NAN PhD in Political Science, Assistant Professor Institute for International and Area Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

U.S. POLICY IN CENTRAL ASIA SINCE THE END OF THE COLD WAR

The subject of the study is the US policy in Central Asia after the end of the Cold War. The basis of the study is the works of the following authors: E.G. Garbuzarova, N.K. Nurlanova, O.V. Gributskaya, I. Roemer, N. Imamova, B. Abikanova and others. The article analyses the legislative act "United States Strategy for Central Asia"; gives examples of diplomatic interaction between the United States and Central Asian countries; presents the main directions in which the United States and Central Asian countries interact in the economic sphere. As a result, it is concluded that, in addition to security and counter-terrorism, the US in Central Asia had economic interests due to the desire to damage the economies of the Russian Federation and the PRC.

Key words: politics, economy, investment, US, Central Asia, counter-terrorism, bilateral investment treaties.

REVIEWS AND SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.1.032

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, editor-in-chief of the publishing house "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

VECTOR OF MODERN HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS: ON THE QUESTION OF THEIR RELEVANCE

The article provides an analytical review of historical research based on scientific publications of recent years in peer-reviewed journals. The topics of publications are related to the coverage of historical events in the states of the post-Soviet space. Particular attention is paid to the problems of objectivity of scientific publications on Russian history.

Key words: historical publications, domestic history, post-Soviet states, objectivity of scientific research, distortion of history.

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