№ 4 (49), 2019

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 9. Issue 4 (49), 2019.

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Boltenkova L.F., Ryabova E.I. Territorial Basis of Russia – Polyan
Nazarov A.D. Venice Foreigners on the Russian Throne
Chavkin D.O. The National Question in Russia in the End of XX Beginning of XXI Century
Schepetkin A.V. Liturgical Features of the Yaroslavl Book of Hours 15481 in Comparison with other Ancient Russian Books of Hours
Sazhaev M.I. Preserving the Memory of the Seamen who Died Protecting their Fatherland as a Necessary Condition for the Education of Naval Officers
Skvortsov M.N. Experience in Implementing the State Labour Mobility Programme in the Russian Far East (2015-2018)
Moiseev A.N. The Phenomenon of the Invincibility of the Red Army
Artemenko R.V. History of Construction of Igrim-Serov Gas Pipeline in 1965
Dekhtyarev G.G. Way of Life and Worldview of Archbishop Andrew (Ukhtomsky) in the Revolutionary Period

HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY

Bychkov A.V. Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905: the Role of the Railway Troops in the Conduct of Military Operations
Zhao Huiqing Development of China's Leninist School
Ponomarev D.A. Jet and Rocket-Powered Planes of Nazi Germany: Their Combat Efficiency and Meaning for the Development of the Aviation

THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLICY

Goncharova L.N. Eurasian Space Structure in the Context of Self-Identification Crisis
Ganyushina M.A. The Reaction of the Linguo-Cultural Space in Response to Political Processes
Tyan V.V. A new Evolutionary Alternative Power

POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Avtsinova G.I., Zhaleyko K.A. Evaluation of Standard of Living by Correlation of Incomes and Expenses on Example of the Orenburg Region from 2010 to 2017 Years
Balzhinimaeva E.P. Regional Power and Business of the Republic of Buryatia: State and Perspectives of Interactions
Penzina A.I., Parkhitko N.P. Information War as an Alternative Tool of National Interests Promotion
Ryzhova K.I. Role of Major Social Media Platforms in the 2016 United States Presidential Elections
Shtyrev M.M., Popov S.I. Evaluation of the Konkovo District of Moscow in the Context of Political Consulting

POLITICAL CULTURE, ETHNOPOLITICS AND IDEOLOGY

Orlov V.V. Problem of Formation and Development of National Cultural Centers in Russia (on the Example of Krasnoyarsk Krai)
Gorin V.S. Prerequisites of Formation of National Ideology of Russia: Concept «Moscow – the Third Rome»

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS

Papba N.T. Interests of the European Union and the United States of America in the South Caucasus
Ralevic D. «Dividing or Saving the Territory» – Dividing Territory of Kosovo in the Security Discourse of the European Union
Dadashov K.K. Foreign Policy Challenges of the EU: Problems in the Southern Neighbourhood and the Refugee Crisis
Kong Dekun Research on Risks and Responses on the Docking Between the China's "Belt and Road" Initiative and Russia's "Eurasian Economic Union"

Our authors № 4-2019

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Institute of public service and administration, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

E.I. RYABOVA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Assistant Professor, the Academy of Labor and Social Relations in Sevastopol, Sevastopol, Russia

TERRITORIAL BASIS OF RUSSIA – POLYAN

The article describes (marks) the territorial basis of the East Slavic tribe “Polyane” (Kiev citizens) who were the first to call themselves Rus. That territorial basis was much smaller than the territory of the Old Russian state formed from the territories of various (many) Slavic tribes. The “Kiev land” as a province existed in a slightly different territorial form. With the appearance of Zaporizhskaya Sich (Cossack Republic) poles introduced the term “Ukraina.” This term proved to be viable, which is a historical fact in politics.

Key words: glade (Kiev), Slavic tribes, Novgorod (Slovenes), Old Russian state, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia.

A.D. NAZAROV Professor, Doctor of Sciences (History) Chair of Advertising and public relations of the Institute of foreign languages Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (MAI), Moscow, Russia

VENICE FOREIGNERS ON THE RUSSIAN THRONE

In the article the author analyzes the essential concept of matrimonial marriages in relation to the Romanov dynasty, which reigned in Russia for more than 300 years. It is noted that in the extensive bibliography devoted to Russian history, there was a significant gap – in it more than a modest place is given to the wives of kings and emperors, because they were hidden from researchers by the shadow of their crowned spouses, although many of them made a significant contribution to the formation of Russian society. In particular, the three-century activity of Russian empresses and wives of Grand Dukes of the Romanov dynasty on the development of charity, mercy and assistance to the needy is widely covered.

Key words: dynastic marriages, charity, charity, social service, historical Park "Russia is my history".

D.O. CHAVKIN History chair’s Ph.D student of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia

THE NATIONAL QUESTION IN RUSSIA IN THE END OF XX BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY

This article discusses the issues of national question in the condition of the transition period. The process of the formation in society of negative manifestations on a national basis is described. An analysis of public opinion is given. A general conclusion is made concerning of national question in Russia in the end of XX beginning of XXI century.

Key words: perestroika, nationalism, USSR, ethnic conflicts, revolution, public opinion, Russian question.

A.V. SCHEPETKIN postgraduate, Missionary Institute, Department of theology, Ekaterinburg, Russia

LITURGICAL FEATURES OF THE YAROSLAVL BOOK OF HOURS 15481 IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER ANCIENT RUSSIAN BOOKS OF HOURS

This article analyzes one of the unique ancient Russian liturgical manuscripts – Yaroslavl Book of Hours 15481. Many studies are devoted to this manuscript, but a comprehensive analysis of it, accompanied by a comparison with the rest of the ancient Russian Books of Hours, has not yet been completed, and this article is intended to fill this gap. Some prayers of this Book of Hours are published for the first time.

Key words: Yaroslavl Book of Hours, ancient Russian сhurch service, Typikon of Patriarch Alexios Stoudites, ancient Russian liturgical books, the daily liturgical cycle.

М.I. SAZHAEV applicant at the Chair of navigation, Pacific Higher Naval School named after S.O. Makarov, Vladivostok, Russia

PRESERVING THE MEMORY OF THE SEAMEN WHO DIED PROTECTING THEIR FATHERLAND AS A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR THE EDUCATION OF NAVAL OFFICERS

The possibilities of the article are used to get closer to the research of the issues connected with the preservation of the memory of the seamen who died protecting their Fatherland and patriotic education of future naval officers.

One of the important directions in the formation of patriotic qualities of the future naval officers is a military-Patriotic education based on the heroic history of the Fatherland and military traditions of the Soviet and Russian Army and Navy. Development of political, military and economic power of Russia is impossible without development of patriotism and activation of its most important part, i.e. military and patriotic education of future officers. Remembering the sailors who died performing their military duty is not only implementation of the state approach to the preservation of history, but also a form of education of present and future generations of defenders of the Fatherland on the heroic examples of the exploits of Soviet sailors.

Creation of the “Memory Books” in the Navy and in different fleets, historical sea voyages, participation in the unique in its scale and significance public movement "the Immortal Regiment" are important elements of the military history and military patriotic work.

Preservation of the memory of seamen who died protecting their Fatherland is a necessary condition for the education of naval officers and one of the forms of the state policy aimed at military and patriotic education of the youth.

Key words: military and patriotic education, “Memory Book,” the Navy, defense of the Fatherland.

M.N. SKVORTSOV post-graduate student of the far Eastern Institute of management – branch of the Russian presidential Academy of national economy and public administration (Khabarovsk), Department of philosophy, history, state and law, Khabarovsk, Russia

EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING THE STATE LABOUR MOBILITY PROGRAMME IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST (2015-2018)

The article deals with the importance of labor mobility for the development of the economic sphere of Russian society. In support of this thesis, the statistical data for 2011-2017 years, according to which the number of domestic labor migrants is steadily growing.

State policy has a significant impact on the growth of labour migration in Russia. The author traces the course of implementation of the state program of labor mobility in the subjects of the Far East of Russia, defined by the territories of priority attraction of labor resources, analyzes the factors that reduce the effectiveness of the program and provides different points of view about the future prospects of attracting labor resources to the far East region.

Key words: labor mobility, the state program, the Far East of Russia, demographic problems, employment, employer, employee, employment.

A.N. MOISEEV Doctoral Student, Ulyanovsk state pedagogical University I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

THE PHENOMENON OF THE INVINCIBILITY OF THE RED ARMY

The article gives a generalized description of the phenomenon of creation and victory in the Civil war of the red army. The role of the party of Bolsheviks of RSDLP(b), its leadership, ordinary members and old military specialists in its construction is designated.

Key words: Red army, Civil war, Bolsheviks, tsarist army, Red guard, armed coup, red commanders, Commissars, "Constituent Assembly", mobilization, military specialists.

R.V. ARTEMENKO graduate student of pulpit of Russian history of the Surgut state University, Surgut, Russia

HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION OF IGRIM-SEROV GAS PIPELINE IN 1965

Now the gas industry is one of the most important branches of economy of modern Russia. Besides an ekonomicheksky component there is also other aspect of the question: natural gas also is the lever of political pressure, all this thanks to the Siberian gas. This article lights an initial stage of formation of gas industry of Siberia.

Object of a research of this article is the importance and a condition of a strokitelstvo of the Siberia's first gas pipeline Igrim-Serov in 1965.

Object of research is activity of the gas fields specialized a shouting-ganikzatsy on development, to construction of the gas pipeline, the sokputstvuyushchikh of objects, a role of personnel potential in this process. And also results of this activity: terms of performance of work, quantity and quality of the constructed objects, an innovative and rationalization deyatelknost of personnel and its economic expediency, shortcomings of a strokitelstvo and their reason.

According to the conducted research to operation in 1965 there were podgotovklena subjects to auxiliary appointment and to a lesser extent technological that created need to finish construction works and to provide in parallel giving to gas on these objects. It is necessary to refer attempt to show not full readiness of the gas pipeline, but a role of improvement suggestions in construction of the facility to novelty of this article.

Key words: gas pipeline, field, construction, trust, region, directorate, control, oil, gas, installation.

G.G. DEKHTYAREV postgraduate student working for the Master’s Degree at the St. Nicholas-Ugresh Orthodox Christian Academy, priest of the Church of St.Nicholas of Myra in Pokrovsky, Moscow, Russia

WAY OF LIFE AND WORLDVIEW OF ARCHBISHOP ANDREW (UKHTOMSKY) IN THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD

The paper examines the life and worldview of one of the most authoritative representatives of The Russian Orthodox Church of the late XIX – early XX centuries Bishop Andrew (in the world of Prince A. Ukhtomsky), shows the evolution of his political views from moderate support of the left, social democratic parties to anti-Bolshevism for the period from March 1917 to November 1922.

Key words: Archbishop Andrew (Ukhtomsky), missionary activity, revolution, reformer, missionary, writer.

HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY

A.V. BYCHKOV candidate of sociology, Russian customs Academy, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN-JAPANESE WAR OF 1904-1905: THE ROLE OF THE RAILWAY TROOPS IN THE CONDUCT OF MILITARY OPERATIONS

The article is devoted to the participation of railway troops of the Russian Empire in the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905. The article analyzes the results of the use of military formations for the construction and restoration of Railways in the theater of operations, assesses the role played by the Railway troops in ensuring the conduct of military operations in the theater of operations, considers the organization of combat and special training in the railway units, as well as their composition and organizational structure.

Key words: railway troops, theatre of military operations, military conflicts, railway network, military railway workers.

ZHAO HUIQING Associate Professor, University of Heihe heihe, China, Ph.d. student of far eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S LENINIST SCHOOL

The article discusses the history of the formation and development of the Chinese Lenin school, the creation of which was of great political importance for the training of qualified theoretically savvy and seasoned Chinese communists. The author notes that the analysis of archival sources allows us to determine that for a short period of its existence, the Chinese Lenin School has been constantly working on improving curricula, the system of preparing students, resolving the material and organizational problems of students' residence, etc. He comes to the conclusion that Lenin’s school was a living embodiment of Lenin’s national policy. Graduates of the school worked in all areas of socialist construction, as in the Far East Military District, as well as outside the Far Eastern Territory in Eastern Siberia. The Lenin school was a kind of educational institution that trained party, Soviet, trade union workers and teachers for elementary schools and schools for workers' education. The activity of the Lenin school was significant not only for the Soviet government, but also for the dissemination of communist and revolutionary ideas in China. Many students and cadets of the Lenin school, returning to China, engaged in revolutionary activities and contributed to the cause of the liberation of the country.

Key words: Chinese Lenin School, educational institution, party workers, teaching staff, communist and revolutionary ideas, educational programs, the system of training students.

D.A. PONOMAREV Master student, faculty of chemistry, department of physical chemistry Perm State National Research University”, Perm, Russia

JET AND ROCKET-POWERED PLANES OF NAZI GERMANY: THEIR COMBAT EFFICIENCY AND MEANING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AVIATION

The article concerns main types of jet and rocket-powered planes of Nazi Germany developed before and during World War II, their technical details and combat use. In general, they can say that these planes were not efficient and they could not affect the outcome of the war. Low efficiency was caused by technical problems and numerical superiority of the allied forces. However, German technical solutions contributed to the development of jet aviation (mainly Soviet military aviation) after the war.

Key words: Luftwaffe, jet plane, interceptor, fighter, liquid-propellant rocket engine, turbojet engine.

THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLICY

L.N. GONCHAROVA Doctor of Sciences (economics), Professor, Senior lecturer at the Chair of economics, Belgorod University of Cooperative Movement, Economics and Law, Belgorod, Russia

EURASIAN SPACE STRUCTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF SELF-IDENTIFICATION CRISIS

Eurasia as a regional geosocial system has a number of territories, whose population did not agree not so much with the collapse of the USSR, decided to uphold its Soviet identity and historical identity of its territory, formed as a result of its development and consisting of subregions, each of which has its own cultural and geopolitical specifics. These are subregions or subsystems. From the point of view of international research, it is necessary to identify those territories of Eurasia and Eurasian states, where interaction with other regions took place.

Key words: Geopolitics, geo-economics, subregions, subsystems, regional space, synergetics, regional policy.

M.A. GANYUSHINA Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of Foreign Languages Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

THE REACTION OF THE LINGUO-CULTURAL SPACE IN RESPONSE TO POLITICAL PROCESSES

"Culture, like all living things, is formed by the Union of the primordial with the heterologous" [Friedenberg]. But, breaking into a new cultural space, a heterologous context is translated in terms of the cultural code, supplemented by its context, forming a new text. It clarifies the semantics of a heterologous text, abolishes irrelevant meanings, promotes the acquisition of new meaning and only then is accepted by members of society. Change or transition of culture inevitably leads to new forms of behavior.

Considering the word as a semiotic sign within a certain culture, it gives an idea of the world and encourages to act according to a certain model of behavior. Therefore, the substitution of some concepts by others leads to a violation of harmony in human consciousness, the emergence of other ideas and, accordingly, the correlation of behavior, which is sure to affect the society’s life.

The modern era is the era of information wars, attempts to erase national culture, transform nations’ linguistic cultural space. In order to withstand these processes, it is necessary to understand their mechanism.

Linguo-culturological studies are designed to explain these mechanisms and promote effective measures aimed at preserving and upward advancing of the cultural semiotic space, deliberate interference with it while carrying out state reforms, researching the optimal models for organizing state language policy and its implementation in the national regions of the Russian Federation, as well as beyond its borders.

Key words: cultural semiotic space, text, etymology, communicative behavior, stereotype.

V.V. TYAN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Ph.D, associate professor of the Department of Public Relations, and of the Public Relations Department of the Institute of Economics and Culture, Moscow, Russia

A NEW EVOLUTIONARY ALTERNATIVE POWER

The article deals with the problem of a new evolutionary alternative to power after the presidential elections of March 18, 2018. The question of a new political structuring in the system of power in the fourth term of the presidency of V.V. Putin is raised. The verticalization of power has completed the stage of political modernization. There is a need to arrange new vectors of political development. Need some "horizontalization" power. Optimization of political structuring can become a new evolutionary alternative to power in the fourth term of Putin's presidency. Time-tested political stability, which is based on the trust of the public authorities, in a crisis becomes fragile. Reducing the risk of political turbulence is within the competence of the authorities.

In the context of the information revolution, two factors influenced the system:the system's bureaucratization and the increase in the level of decision-making (verticalization). They added nesche one factor is external pressure. In this situation, there is a new evolutionary alternative to power – structural transformation, restructuring of the political system within the optimization of political structuring.

At the same time, there is a need for interaction between the authorities and civil society in decision-making in order to avoid a conflict of interests.

Key words: alternative, power, external, pressure, new, political, structure-tourism, optimization, evolutionary.

POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

G.I. AVTSINOVA Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Professor of Political Science and International Relations Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

K.A. ZHALEYKO master's student of Political Science and International Relations Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

EVALUATION OF STANDARD OF LIVING BY CORRELATION OF INCOMES AND EXPENSES ON EXAMPLE OF THE ORENBURG REGION FROM 2010 TO 2017 YEARS

Correlation of incomes and expenses on example of Orenburg region`s statistics over the period from 2010 to 2017 years is examined in the article. During the research we have studied income growth rates in the region, monitored expenses of citizens for certain categories of goods and services, taking into account the growth of prices, identified financial assets. On the base of statistics conclusions were made about the standard of living in the Orenburg region.

Key words: social policy, standard of living, income, expenses, Orenburg region, average income, pension, rise in prices, household expenditure.

E.P. BALZHINIMAEVA candidate of Sociological Sciences, associate Professor of the chair of political science and sociology Buryat State University named after Dorji Banzarov, Russia, Ulan-Ude

REGIONAL POWER AND BUSINESS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA: STATE AND PERSPECTIVES OF INTERACTIONS

The article notes the increased importance of business communities, including at the regional level. The author briefly identifies and analyzes the problems of interaction between regional authorities and business in the Republic of Buryatia. First of all, it is an inefficient institutional environment, the reasons for which are the lack of a clear explanation of goals and objectives, an opaque mechanism for providing support, etc. Secondly, the reduction in the number of entrepreneurs themselves, due to the low level of regional business confidence in government bodies. This tendency is explained by the formal approach of the regional authorities themselves, the inefficient work of public institutions created with the participation of state bodies to improve interaction with the business communities. Thirdly, other factors (consumer distrust of products, legal illiteracy of entrepreneurs themselves, etc.). The author notes that in order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to form several basic factors: state officials trained, motivated to create a safe investment climate, competent entrepreneurs and a developed infrastructure based on public-private partnership.

Key words: regional power, business, entrepreneurship, investment climate.

A.I. PENZINA RUDN University, Theory and History of Journalism Department, Russia, Moscow

N.P. PARKHITKO RUDN University, Theory and History of Journalism Department, Russia, Moscow

INFORMATION WAR AS AN ALTERNATIVE TOOL OF NATIONAL INTERESTS PROMOTION

The topic proposed for study in this article is relevant because of the increased media interest to such phenomena as information wars and cyber attacks. As a component of the study, the authors set themselves the task of identifying patterns of certain political stereotypes formation which form the basis of the published materials in the American press. Also, the authors will try to identify hidden mechanisms of US media influence on the world community. The object of the study, therefore, is information warfare as a new method of promoting national interests. In preparing the study, the authors used the system-analytical method, the method of analogies, the method of content analysis and the historical-analytical method.

Key words: information war, misinformation, security threat, public opinion, USA.

K.I. RYZHOVA postgraduate student at the Chair of political analyses and management, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ROLE OF MAJOR SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS IN THE 2016 UNITED STATES PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

The aim of this study is to provide the best understanding of how social media platforms are used in election races and how they are used by political candidates. The article helps to understand the role of millennials in the political media sphere, their involvement in the 2016 US elections and the key differences between the Trump’s and Clinton's presidential online campaigns. The article also considers what platforms played an important role during the elections and what they allowed to do. Finally, it studies the influence of social networks on the participation in social and political life.

Key words: political media reality, social networks, media platforms, the role of new media, the 2016 presidential elections.

M.M. SHTYREV MA degree candidate Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

EVALUATION OF THE KONKOVO DISTRICT OF MOSCOW IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL CONSULTING

In this work, the object of study will be the area of Konkovo. Subject of research: these are the features of the application of methods of political counseling in the study area of Moscow. The purpose of the study: to identify new trends in the field of the Institute of political consulting and the development of basic electoral preferences.

Key words: political consulting, elections, municipal district, electoral preferences.

POLITICAL CULTURE, ETHNOPOLITICS AND IDEOLOGY

V.V. ORLOV Postgraduate, Department of Domestic History, Siberian Federal University Humanitarian Institute, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

PROBLEM OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL CULTURAL CENTERS IN RUSSIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KRASNOYARSK KRAI)

The article deals with the problems of education and organization of the institute of national-cultural autonomy in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The reasons of their occurrence and formation in the future are analyzed. In the process of work, the stages of development of autonomy are distinguished, due to political, socio-economic and cultural factors. The directions in activity of the autonomies, describing each period, are revealed. The prospects for the future development of the region in terms of interethnic policies are considered.

Key words: national-cultural autonomy, national policy, Krasnoyarsk Territory, ethnocultural associations, diaspora, national minorities.

V.S. GORIN Graduate student, Russian university of transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

PREREQUISITES OF FORMATION OF NATIONAL IDEOLOGY OF RUSSIA: CONCEPT «MOSCOW – THE THIRD ROME»

In article author examining of a prerequisite of emergence of nation-wide ideology of the Russian state. The concept of the aged man Filofey "Moscow – the Third Rome" arises after adoption of Roman Catholic religion and the Florentine union 1439 with the subsequent emergence of Greco-catholic church. The formed Russian statehood acquires the status of the keeper of the Christian and orthodox ideas. Certainly still it is impossible to call this concept full-fledged state ideology, however thanks to it the concept of the Russian statehood is formed, the purpose of its existence is designated, distinctive state values which include the religious, historical and cultural parties of life are established. The concept "Moscow – the Third Rome" performs the consolidating function in formation of the Russian statehood and association of Russian lands under supervision of Moscow. The state ideological policy is expressed quite poorly, however expression "Moscow – the Third Rome" began to be used for expression of religious and political claims of the Russian state on the world scene. In article reveals that the concept "Moscow – the Third Rome" predetermined the Christian nature of the state for many centuries forward. And it the turn promoted formation of special national lines of the Russian people, such as sacrifice, tolerance and firmness in transferring of various troubles both on household, and at the nation-wide level. This religious idea affirmed the spiritual right of Russia of service to Orthodoxy as only to the intact the first Christian apostolic belief. This religious idea induced a great number of cultural figures to put forward and develop at different times the doctrine about the godlike people of Russia which have the messianic idea in a human civilization, being а keeper of high morality and spirituality.

Key words: prerequisites of emergence of ideology, the Russian statehood, cultural wealth, the consolidating idea, Orthodoxy.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS

N.T. PAPBA Postgraduate student of Chair of International Relations, Diplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

INTERESTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS

The article analyses the conflicts in the South Caucasus, their settlement. The participation of the European Union in resolving conflicts in the region is considered. The policy of the EU and the United States in Georgia is analized. The position of the European Union towards the countries of the South Caucasus is described.

Key words: Russia, USA, EU, Georgian-Abkhaz conflict, European-Georgian relations, Georgian-South-Ossetian conflict, conflict resolution, Georgian-American relations, Abkhazia, Georgia, South Ossetia.

D. RALEVIC post-graduate student at the Chair of international and national security, Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

«DIVIDING OR SAVING THE TERRITORY» – DIVIDING TERRITORY OF KOSOVO IN THE SECURITY DISCOURSE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

The European Union is a priority attraction area for the countries of the Western Balkans. All Balkan countries are candidates for membership in the Union (except Slovenia and Croatia, which are already members). For Serbia and Kosovo, the key issue on the way to integration into the European Union is a full-fledged solution to the crisis in Kosovo, which acquired the status of "frozen" since 1998. In an attempt to show European society their readiness to resolve this issue 20 years later, in September 2018, the Serbian and Kosovo presidents announced their intention to carry out a "historical dialogue" and to divide the territory of Kosovo along ethnic lines. The article deals with the division of the territory of Kosovo on ethnic grounds in the security discourse of the Balkan region and Europe as a whole.

Key words: European Union, security, Common foreign and security policy, Western Balkans, Kosovo, European integration, state border, foreign policy, threat.

K.K. DADASHOV postgraduate student, MGIMO (University) of the MFA of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

FOREIGN POLICY CHALLENGES OF THE EU: PROBLEMS IN THE SOUTHERN NEIGHBOURHOOD AND THE REFUGEE CRISIS

The subject of the study is the main threats to the security of the European Union, due to the large-scale exodus of refugees from the regions of the southern neighborhood of the EU, the peak of which was registered in 2015. Special attention is paid to organizational and institutional and legal measures taken by the EU to counter the new challenges and the normalization of the situation, including partial suspension of the Schengen system, the contractual relationship between the EU and Turkey, the transformation of the Frontex, reform of the Dublin system. The reasons of low efficiency of the taken measures, and also prospects of their development are analyzed.

As a result of the study, the author came to the following main conclusions. The European Union, as a supranational entity designed to address the common problems of its member States, including external challenges, has proved completely unprepared for the unprecedented scale of the migration crisis caused by conflicts in the regions of the southern neighborhood. The existing institutions and organizational forms of intra-European interaction have not become an effective means of developing and implementing agreed solutions. In the long term, it is necessary to shift the focus from the practice of "extinguishing" fires in Europe to systematic work to address the root causes of the crisis in the countries of origin of refugees. This means the need for more active policies to resolve conflicts and resolve economic, humanitarian and environmental problems in the Middle East and Africa.

Key words: European Union, foreign policy, refugee crisis.

KONG DEKUN Post-graduate student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

RESEARCH ON RISKS AND RESPONSES ON THE DOCKING BETWEEN THE CHINA'S "BELT AND ROAD" INITIATIVE AND RUSSIA'S "EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION"

China's Initiative “Belt and Road” and Russia's “Eurasian Economic Union” are based on different political, economic and civilized bases. They will be facing many inevitable problems in the process of docking, however, these obstacles cannot hide their consistency about reshaping the structure of Eurasian continent and changing the international economic system. At the same time, there are broad spaces for cooperation in the docking process as well. This article will do research on possible risks and responses in this process.

Key words: “Belt and Road”, Eurasian Economic Union, risk, responses.

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