№ 9 (114), 2024

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 14. Issue 9 (114), 2024

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY, ETHNOGRAPHY

Mukhamedov R.A., Akhtyamov D.I. Peasants of Simbirsk (Ulyanovsk) Province in the Early 1920s: Historical Aspect
Gaverdovsky A.V. Activities of the Ryazan Provincial Emergency Commission for the Elimination of Illiteracy
Gazieva A.A., Gasanov M.M. On the Issue of the Economic Status of the Russian Population of the Republic of Dagestan in the 1990-2000s.
Abgaryan V.S. Creation and Improvement of the System of Work of State Authorities and Military Administration for the Development of Traditions of the Russian Army During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)
Razgovorov S.V. The Revival of the Orthodox Brotherhoods Institution During the Church Reforms of Alexander II
Molchanova T.V. On the Issue of Race Genesis in the Territory of Ancient China

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Kargin E.A. State-Civilization as a Manifestation of Multiple Modernities
Legostaev I.A. Traditional Values in the Political Discourse of Russia and China: Comparative Analysis

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Soloviev V.A., Samolyanov O.A., Stryuk G.G. Person-Centricity in National and Foreign Scientific Discourse
Karimov E.R. Digital Platforms and Public Policy: Analysis of Role and Influence
Dzyuban V.V., Murtazin R.A., Seleznev I.A. Ethnopolitical Aspects of Integration Processes Between Mongolia and Russia (on the Example of the Mongols, Buryats and Yakuts)
Dibrov E.A. The Experience of Using Hybrid Warfare Technologies in the Context of Legitimizing the Electoral Process in Bolivia and Ukraine: a Comparative Analysis
Valyukas N.N. Issues of Social Networks in Political Communication
Stalnoy A.L. The Fiasco of Denazification in FRG: Radical Student Protest and its Reasons
Kuzina S.I., Sagiryan I.G. Socio-Political Determinants of the Formation of the Personality of a Terrorist

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Goryacheva Zh.A., Viktorov A.G., Ushakova S.N. The Role of the Personality in History. Patriotism, Educational Institutions and Their Heroes
Minin A.I. Advantages and Problems of Merger of Municipalities in Russian Practice
Smirnova T.S. Nationalization Policy: Theoretical Aspect
Trunov I.L., Ayvar L.K. Demographics. Surrogacy. Human Trafficking. Conflict of Legal Regulation

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Bezruchenko V.I. Croatian Nationalism in Socialist Yugoslavia 1950s-1991
Goncharenko A.R. Western Technologies and Instruments of Influence on the Education System in the Context of Hybrid War (on Materials of Central Asia)
Lukina Yu.V. A New Phase of Cognitive Warfare Against Russia Against the Backdrop of Aggravated International Relations Between Russia and the Collective West in the Period of the SMO
Ruban L.S. The Development of Tourism in Nepal in the Interaction of External Factors, the Natural Component and the Traditions of Natural Culture
Bratkovskaya D.V., Rogova Ya.D., Tokareva S.A. The Linguistic Strategies for Building National Unity in Multicultural Countries: the Case of Russia
Melkonyants G.A. The Transformation of Geopolitical Threats to the Security of the Russian Federation in the Context of Global Conflict in the 2020s.
Paramuzova O.G., Rosales A.R. The Historical Aspect of the Development of Territorial Claims in Antarctica in the Context of the Need to Solve the Problem of Improving the Mechanism of Legal Regulation
Semenov N.S. The Geopolitical Dimensions of the Implementation of China's ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative in the Asia-Pacific Region
Chao Bingqing, Wang Xin. China's "Soft Power" as an Instrument of Solving Global Problems
Yuan Chenzhao, Qian Chen. Inter-Party Cooperation Amid the Rise of Great Powers: a Comparison of Party-Building Models in China and Russia in the New Global Governance
Binish. Approaches of New Delhi’s Towards Central Asia During Various Historical Periods

PUBLICATION REVIEW

Slizovsky D.E., Medvedev N.P. On the Question of the Religious Situation in Modern Russia (Review of Publications)

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY, ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.001

R.A. MUKHAMEDOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of History of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

D.I. AKHTYAMOV Master's Degree in the Profile "Historical Education" of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

PEASANTS OF SIMBIRSK (ULYANOVSK) PROVINCE IN THE EARLY 1920S: HISTORICAL ASPECT

The author attempts to conduct a retrospective analysis of events in the most difficult initial period of Soviet power in the countryside, the 1920s, during the establishment and consolidation of the new government and attempts to implement the agrarian policy of the Bolshevik Party in the countryside. The purchase, sale, and lease of land was prohibited, and a monopoly on foreign and domestic grain trade was introduced. Since that time, the basis of the land policy of the young country subsequently became the collectivization of agriculture. The main sources were archival documents and materials from the State Archive of the Modern History of the Ulyanovsk region (GANI UO), which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time (Fund 3. Inventory 1, case No. 229, 327, 207). The article examines the participation of the poor, peasant population of the Ulyanovsk region in the process of establishing Soviet power, and subsequently in collectivization, as well as various assistance to peasants from the Soviet government and subsequent attitudes towards the Soviet government and the state as a whole.

Key words: poor, peasantry, collectivization, campaign, cooperation, middle peasant, kulak.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.002

A.V. GAVERDOVSKY Postgraduate student in the field of Historical science and archaeology, profile – National history Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

ACTIVITIES OF THE RYAZAN PROVINCIAL EMERGENCY COMMISSION FOR THE ELIMINATION OF ILLITERACY

This article discusses the problem of creating the All-Russian Emergency Commission for the Elimination of Illiteracy (CHEKA l/b), as well as its departments "on the ground" (they were called "gramcheka. The article highlights and describes the characteristic features of the activities of the Ryazan Provincial Emergency Commission for the elimination of illiteracy. The article notes that the commission sought to strengthen live communication with places, in addition to methodological meetings and conferences, carried out planned field visits, called employees for reports. In addition, she established regular receipt of materials from the field and sending responses to them, developed various instructions. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the historical experience of the fight against illiteracy. Thus, a comprehensive study of the Cheka's activities to eliminate illiteracy in the Ryazan province seems to be a very relevant problem both theoretically and organizationally and practically, the solution of which is aimed at one of the most important factors in the development of society at a critical stage. Scientific novelty. The article summarizes new material on the topic under study, introduces into scientific circulation a significant number of archival documents and materials of state and public organizations of the Ryazan province that were practically unknown to the scientific community before.

Key words: All-Russian Emergency Commission for the Elimination of Illiteracy, RSFSR, A.V. Lunacharsky, Council of People's Commissars, Narkompros, Ryazan province, county, parish.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.003

A.A. GAZIEVA Junior researcher DFITs RAS, IIAE, Department of New and Contemporary History of Dagestan, Makhachkala, Russia

M.M. GASANOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head. Department of Russian History Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF THE ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN IN THE 1990-2000S.

The article examines the issue of the peculiarities of the economic and social situation of the Russian population of the Republic of Dagestan in the period after the collapse of the USSR and Russia's entry into the path of market relations, when significant changes occurred in the socio-economic sphere. The relevance of the study lies in understanding the historical causes and consequences of the mass migration movement of the Russian population from the Republic of Dagestan, which is an important component for issues of national policy in the region at the present stage. Also, this study is relevant for understanding modern challenges in the region, which is especially important in the context of studying issues of security and stability in the Caucasus region.

Key words: perestroika, economy, business, crisis, Russians, migrations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.004

V.S. ABGARYAN adjunct, Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military University», Moscow, Russia

CREATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF WORK OF STATE AUTHORITIES AND MILITARY ADMINISTRATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (1941-1945)

The article is devoted to the study of the process of creating a system of work of state authorities and military administration for the development of traditions of the Russian army during the Great Patriotic War. The objective need for ideological cohesion of all strata of Soviet society in wartime conditions required the creation of a system of work of the country's military and political bodies, by increasing attention to issues of traditional Russian patriotism.

The threat of loss of state sovereignty and physical destruction required a radical revision of pre-war views, which led to the implementation of the national patriotic concept of protecting the Motherland. In accordance with the decisions of the highest party bodies and state and military administration bodies, the system of work on the development of the traditions of the Russian army was radically improved. The main directions and forms of the work carried out were determined by the military-political situation in the country, the main events and the strategic situation on the Soviet-German front. The repulse of the hated enemy, the decisive victories of the Red Army during the radical turning point, and the victorious end of the war determined the essence, main directions and forms of the work being carried out.

The author concludes that the achievement of positive results in the organization of work on the development of the traditions of the Russian army, the competent formulation of its goals and objectives was due to the successful interaction of the Soviet supreme party bodies, state and military administration, all forces of Soviet science and the public.

Key words: military traditions, patriotism, soviet ideology, the system of work, military administration, public authorities, the Soviet State.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.005

S.V. RAZGOVOROV Master of Historical Sciences postgraduate student of Moscow City Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

THE REVIVAL OF THE ORTHODOX BROTHERHOODS INSTITUTION DURING THE CHURCH REFORMS OF ALEXANDER II

The purpose of this work is to study the position of the clergy of the Russian Empire during the reign of Alexander II using the example of the revival of the institution of Orthodox fraternities in the western provinces. The work uses a historical-systemic method with consideration of the position of the Orthodox Church under Alexander II from different positions. Interest in the history of the church of this period arose in the 90s of the 20th century, but not much attention was paid to the issues of fraternities in them. Moreover, they practically did not touch upon such an aspect of their specificity as an attempt by the clergy to secure greater freedom in conducting internal affairs. The Orthodox Church under the governance of the Holy Synod was going through a long crisis. The clergy gradually turned into a kind of officials, which was noticeable both at the top and among the people. Against the background of the accession to the throne of Alexander II, reforms in the religious sphere were expected. The clergy sought to gain more freedom from secular power, while the government wanted to maintain the status quo. A potential point of contact could have been the institution of Orthodox fraternities, which it was decided to introduce in the western provinces against the backdrop of growing anti-Polish sentiments in society, with the aim of increasing the authority of the Orthodox Church against the backdrop of opposition to Catholicism. However, the initiative was quickly seized by the clergy, who began to create fraternities spontaneously, without state control. When the authorities realized the state of affairs, they took this practice under their full control, thereby turning the fraternities into the same bureaucratic structure. Against the backdrop of the history of Orthodox fraternities, a ripening conflict between the clergy and secular power is visible. Despite the importance of the Orthodox Church for society, the state could not allow it to develop independently, which only exacerbated the crisis.

Key words: Brotherhoods, Central Presence, subsidies, Holy Synod, schools, Polish Uprising, donations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.006

T.V. MOLCHANOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Regional Studies, St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Prof. M.A. Bonch-Bruevich", St. Petersburg, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF RACE GENESIS IN THE TERRITORY OF ANCIENT CHINA

The process of formation of modern man in China is connected with pre-literate history of mankind, which is the reason for the existence of various approaches to the problematic of the issue. Russian, Western and Chinese anthropologists and archaeologists adhere to two main points of view: the population of China is either Sinatropa or descendants of migrants from the West. However, each theory has certain contradictory and unproven theses. The Mongoloid race is not uniform, and representatives of northern and southern China differ in a number of race-forming features. Race formation in China is connected with subsequent processes of ethnogenesis of the Chinese people.

Key words: race genesis, Sinanthropus, Mongoloid race, racial characteristics, ethnogenesis of the Chinese, Chinese archeology, ancient China.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.007

E.A. KARGIN Postgraduate student in the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

STATE-CIVILIZATION AS A MANIFESTATION OF MULTIPLE MODERNITIES

The article considers the term “state-civilization” on the example of Russia and China. This term is relatively new for the domestic academic discourse and is considered in the context of the theory of multiple modernities. The possibility of multiple modernities is already inherent in the cultural program of European modernity, but their formation is also influenced by the civilizational traditions of different societies. These societies refuse Westernization as an indispensable attribute of modernization. Appeal to the theory of multiple modernities allows Chinese researchers to justify the existence of East Asian modernity, and domestic researchers to abandon the idea of the secondary nature of modernization processes in Russia as a way of simply copying Western values and institutional models with varying degrees of success. The revision of the European version of modernity entails the rejection of the non-alternative model of the nation-state, which successfully describes European realities, but causes controversy among researchers as to its applicability to such large countries as China and Russia. Their consideration as civilizational states implies an emphasis on the common cultural and linguistic spaces, the presence of centuries-old civilizational traditions and the unity of historical destiny on a sufficiently large territory, the common identity formed on this basis, and the presence of a single political center.

Key words: state-civilization, civilizational state, nation-state, multiple modernities, East Asian modernity, state, democracy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.008

I.A. LEGOSTAEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

TRADITIONAL VALUES IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF RUSSIA AND CHINA: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the analysis of traditional values in the political discourse of Russia and China. Traditional values play an important role in shaping political discourse in both Russia and China, having a significant impact on the domestic and foreign policies of both countries. The article analyzes the approaches of Russia and China to traditional values, both common features and differences are revealed. This phenomenon deserves close attention and comprehensive analysis, given its importance for understanding modern political processes. Moreover, the relevance of the topic is due to the fact that in the context of the active spread of the destructive anti-Russian agenda in the world, the protection, preservation and development of traditional values is a strategic issue.

Key words: Russia, China, traditional values, political discourse.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.009

V.A. SOLOVIEV Head of the Laboratory for Person-centricity and Leadership of the Institute for Public Administration and Governance of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

O.A. SAMOLYANOV Chief expert of the Laboratory for Person-centricity and Leadership of the Institute for Public Administration and Governance of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

G.G. STRYUK Deputy head of the Laboratory for Person-centricity and Leadership of the Institute for Public Administration and Governance of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

PERSON-CENTRICITY IN NATIONAL AND FOREIGN SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE

In conditions of socio-political instability, there is a need to introduce a person-centered approach in the activities of both governmental and non-governmental organizations. This approach contributes to the formation of a more just and benevolent society. However, to date there is no unified understanding of this term. One of the key objectives of the study is to compare the interpretation of the concept of “person-centeredness” in Russian and foreign scientific discourse. An essential aspect of the person-centered approach is the awareness of values and priorities of each person, which contribute to the development of his or her potential.

The study emphasizes that in the conditions of constant change, including the rapid pace of scientific and technological progress, it is the individual who is able to adapt and improve the world around him or her, establishing interaction with digital technologies in order to maximize their use to solve problems. The study reveals differences in the interpretation of the term “person-centricity” in Western and Russian discourse, identifies the most common goals, principles and models of implementing the person-centric approach in organizations, and attempts to develop assessment tools for its implementation. Eight principles of the person-centered organization are formulated, which is a significant value of this study.

Key words: client-centeredness, person-centeredness, person-centered approach, human-centered approach, human-centered design, management, leadership, spiritual and moral values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.010

E.R. KARIMOV Postgraduate student, Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics, South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

DIGITAL PLATFORMS AND PUBLIC POLICY: ANALYSIS OF ROLE AND INFLUENCE

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of the influence of digital platforms on public policy in the context of global digital transformation. The author of the study analyzes various approaches to defining the concept of "digital platform", offers a typology of platforms that have the greatest influence on the political sphere. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of influence of digital platforms on the formation of public opinion and political mobilization, such as algorithmic filtering of content, creation of information bubbles and "echo chambers", viral dissemination of information, decentralization of information flows. The author emphasizes the growing role of digital platforms and the network effects they create in the transformation of traditional political institutions and processes, and also notes the associated risks and challenges for democracy. The study contributes to the understanding of the new digital reality of public policy and opens up prospects for further study of the impact of technological innovations on political processes.

Key words: digital platforms, public policy, public opinion, political communication, political participation, algorithmic filtering, network effects, platformization, democracy, social networks.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.011

V.V. DZYUBAN Doctor of Historical Sciences, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the Department of History and Philosophy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Plekhanov Russian University of Economics”, Moscow, Russia

R.A. MURTAZIN Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of MSU, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov”, Moscow, Russia

I.A. SELEZNEV PhD in Sociology, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Institute of Socio-Political Research, Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

ETHNOPOLITICAL ASPECTS OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES BETWEEN MONGOLIA AND RUSSIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MONGOLS, BURYATS AND YAKUTS)

Studying the interaction of cultures is one of the key areas in modern humanitarian science. This work is aimed at studying the influence of the cultures of Mongolia, Yakutia and Buryatia. Having analyzed folklore sources, historical documents and ethnographic observations, we will try to answer the questions: how did these cultures interact in historical perspective? What elements were borrowed and how were they transformed? Which cultural elements retained their identity?

Key words: Buryats, Mongols, Mongolia, Russia, ethnopolitics, Yakuts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.012

E.А. DIBROV Applicant of PhD in Political Science of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE EXPERIENCE OF USING HYBRID WARFARE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF LEGITIMIZING THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN BOLIVIA AND UKRAINE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The article examines the experience of using hybrid warfare technologies in the context of legitimizing the electoral process in Bolivia and Ukraine. The reasons for the emergence of conflict-causing trends in the studied countries at different stages of their development, during which the peak of crisis political processes was recorded, are determined. The general narratives and stages of confrontation between pro-government and opposition political forces in Bolivia and Ukraine are listed. The political factors and foreign interest groups that supported the leaders of the protest crowd and the opposition, which, using information and communication technologies, led to a protracted multi-level crisis, division of society or civil war, are identified. In the context of the evolution of global trends, possible initiatives to stabilize and maintain the level of security in the studied countries are proposed.

Key words: Bolivia, Ukraine, delegitimization, opposition, putschists, election fraud, hybrid war.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.013

N.N. VALYUKAS Lecturer at the Department of Political Science, Management and Regional Studies, Voronezh Institute of Economics and social management, Voronezh, Russia

ISSUES OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN POLITICAL COMMUNICATION

The article examines the impact of social networks on political communication, as well as their advantages for political organizations. Special attention is paid to the analysis of key challenges that can affect the effectiveness of social platforms in the context of the political sphere. The article analyzes how social media is changing the traditional ways of communication between politicians and voters. This study not only highlights positive aspects, such as expanding reach and increasing audience engagement, but also points to important issues, including the spread of misinformation and the popularization of opinions. The article provides a comprehensive overview that helps to better understand how social networks have become an integral part of modern political discourse and what obstacles need to be overcome to optimize their use.

Key words: social networks, political space, political communication, digital information technologies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.014

A.L. STALNOY Postgraduate student, Department of Public Policy, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE FIASCO OF DENAZIFICATION IN FRG: RADICAL STUDENT PROTEST AND ITS REASONS

The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between two processes in the history of Germany – the denazification process and the student protest movement in the 1968. Based on historical sources and materials, the causes and consequences of the fiasco of denazification procedures, the official position of the German government on the interpretation of the past, the dynamics of collective memories of the national socialist period of German history and the features of the student protest movement are considered in detail. The author argues that the fiasco of denazification and the subsequent «renazification» of the West German elite act as a catalyst for the radicalization of the student protest movement, which initially had a peaceful status and fit into the global trend of protest against consumer-oriented capitalism. The article concludes that the fiasco of denazification, coupled with insufficient attention on the part of the federal government to the process of mastering the past, caused the strengthening in the public consciousness of the model of «negative nationalism», which assumes centralization around negative events and symbols of national history. Despite this, the terrorist activities of the organization «Red Army Faction» aimed at «denazification by hand» and the opposition to it by the federal government strengthened the legitimacy of state institutions and consolidated German society around the state.

Key words: denazification, Germany, Red Army Faction, left terrorism, student protest, nationalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.015

S.I. KUZINA Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the South Russian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Public Law Disciplines, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Done, Russia

I.G. SAGIRYAN Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Public Law Disciplines, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Done, Russia

SOCIO-POLITICAL DETERMINANTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE PERSONALITY OF A TERRORIST

The growth of terrorism throughout the world is due to geopolitical contradictions and armed conflicts between states. The prevention of terrorist attacks and the death of civilians requires the scientific study of all aspects of terrorism, including the identity of people who join the ranks of terrorists. Based on general sociological and systemic approaches, factors influencing the formation of a terrorist’s personality have been studied, such as: features of the social environment and psychotypes of individuals inclined towards terrorist activities. It has been proven that the growth of terrorism can be stopped by changing socio-political conditions that destructively affect the socialization of youth.

Key words: terrorism, terrorist act, socio-political determinants, personality of the terrorist.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.016

Zh.A. GORYACHEVA Director, GAPOU JSC "Astrakhan College of art fashion industry", Astrakhan, Russia

A.G. VIKTOROV Doctor of Philosophy (Phd), Professor RAM, Academician MOAN, Teacher, GAPOU JSC "Astrakhan College of art fashion industry" Astrakhan, Russia

S.N. USHAKOVA Teacher, GAPOU JSC "Astrakhan College of art fashion industry", Astrakhan, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE PERSONALITY IN HISTORY. PATRIOTISM, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR HEROES

The article attempts to analyze the materials of the archival fund of the Astrakhan College of Art Fashion Industry JSC in order to identify the biographical data of participants in a special military operation (SVO) who were educated at this college.

Of particular scientific interest are the data obtained during the study of archival sources, which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

The key aspect of the paradigm of perception of these works by the authors is based on a stable postulate, directly or indirectly confirming that it is possible to raise a patriot and a hero of one's homeland only under the condition of complex interaction of all spheres of socio-political development, including educational, as a cornerstone of formation, socialization and harmonious development of a comprehensively developed personality.

In the course of the study, the authors used both general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and private scientific methods and principles characteristic of historical science (objectivity, systemic and historicism).

Key words: education, patriotism, educational institutions, socio-political development, Astrakhan region, special military operation, heroes of the SVO.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.017

A.I. MININ Postgraduate student of the Autonomous Non-Commercial Organization of Higher Education "Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy", Moscow, Russia

ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS OF MERGER OF MUNICIPALITIES IN RUSSIAN PRACTICE

In this scientific work, the author briefly analyzes the advantages and problems of merger of municipalities in Russian practice. To do this, the author, first of all, considers the essence of the process of territorial transformations as such, its features, analyzing, among other things, statistical indicators of implementation in Russian practice. Then the author goes directly to the consideration of two directions of territorial transformations, their advantages and disadvantages, including accompanying the theoretical part with practical examples. The object of this scientific study is the advantages and problems of merger of municipalities in Russian practice. The purpose of this scientific study is a comprehensive, consistent analysis of the advantages and problems of merger of municipalities in Russian practice. Methods of this scientific study: formal-legal, comparative analysis, dialectical, generalization, specification, systematization, deduction, other methods of theoretical and practical levels of scientific knowledge. The scientific novelty of this scientific research lies in the preparation of a comprehensive study, the formation of the author's conclusions regarding the advantages and problems of the unification of municipalities in Russian practice. This scientific article, therefore, will be useful to theorists, practitioners, students and faculty of economic and other areas of training, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the advantages and problems of the unification of municipalities in Russian practice and the experience of territorial transformations in general.

Key words: territorial structure, federal structure, territorial transformations, municipalities, current state, unification.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.018

T.S. SMIRNOVA Postgraduate student at RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

NATIONALIZATION POLICY: THEORETICAL ASPECT

The most important direction of state economic policy is regulation of public sector, and in it – the policy of nationalization. The significance of this policy becomes extremely important in critical moments of history, which is today's situation in the world. In this regard, the problems of development of nationalization policy, including its theoretical aspects, seem extremely relevant. The article considers the definition of nationalization policy, its goals, objectives and forms, as well as the factors influencing it.

Key words: nationalization, privatization, set of measures, property, state control, public interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.019

I.L. TRUNOV Ph.D. in Law, professor, Lawyer, Deputy Chairman of the International Union of Lawyers, Chairman of the Presidium of the international Law firm “Trunov Ivar and Partners”, Moscow, Russia

L.K. AYVAR Ph.D. in Law, professor, lawyer, Deputy Chairman of the Union of Lawyers of Russia, Moscow, Russia

DEMOGRAPHICS. SURROGACY. HUMAN TRAFFICKING. CONFLICT OF LEGAL REGULATION

In Russia for the first time, the civil institution of infertility treatment with the use of surrogate maternity is qualified as a criminal offense. In different regions of Russia, the same type of criminal cases of criminal law qualification was initiated under Art. 127.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

A new type of crime has appeared, qualified under Article 127.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation – the participation of single men in assisted reproductive technology programs using surrogacy.

Key words: assisted reproductive technologies, biotechnologies, children of the future, donor material, surrogacy, human trafficking, single men, infertility.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.020

V.I. BEZRUCHENKO Ph.D. in political science, Colonel (Ret.), Deputy Chairman of the International Independent Commission for Investigation of Sufferings of Serbs in Sarajevo, Saint Petersburg, Russia

CROATIAN NATIONALISM IN SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA 1950s-1991

This study is devoted to the issue of genesis of Croatian ethnic nationalism in socialist Yugoslavia. The study analyses the reasons for growth of radical Croatian nationalism and associated Serb-Croat contradictions, formation and program of the Croatia Democratic Union, and political views of its leader and the first president of Croatia Franjo Tudjman, as well as the reasons and outcome of the Serb-Croat conflict of 1991-1995.

Key words: nationalism, ushasha, Serb-Croat relations, Croatian Democratic Union, ideology of Croatian nationalism, Maspok, ethnic conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.021

A.R. GONCHARENKO Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

WESTERN TECHNOLOGIES AND INSTRUMENTS OF INFLUENCE ON THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF HYBRID WAR (ON MATERIALS OF CENTRAL ASIA)

In the conditions of the hybrid war waged by the West against the Russian Federation, Central Asia continues to be a place of clash of interests of great powers. The sphere of education is one of the most important, because the struggle for younger generation's minds is being waged.

The aim of the work is to identify technologies and tools used by the West at the present stage to influence the educational system of Central Asia.

The objectives are to identify the goals pursued by the West in implementing projects in the field of science and education in the Central Asian republics and to characterize the hybrid technologies used by Western countries.

Methodology: general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative and systematic approaches, analysis of regulatory acts governing the process of implementing educational policy in the Central Asian republics and financing.

Results. It was revealed that the actors implementing educational policy in the republics are state bodies of Western states, non-governmental organizations controlled by them, and private universities. The instruments are educational exchanges of students and teachers, joint educational programs, provision of additional education, advanced training, professional retraining under programs provided by the United States and its allies, distribution of educational materials compiled by the West for schools and universities, construction of infrastructure facilities, assistance in reforming the educational systems of the republics.

Conclusions. The government agencies and departments of the USA, the UK and their allies are aimed at promoting their own foreign policy interests related to preserving the existing world order, for which at the moment it is necessary to win the confrontation with Russia. Education is used to promote the values recognized by the West as the only true ones, and to form a network of supporters and agents of influence in the region.

Key words: hybrid warfare, education, national security, hybrid technologies, Central Asia, countering foreign interference.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.022

Yu.V. LUKINA Senior Lecturer, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

A NEW PHASE OF COGNITIVE WARFARE AGAINST RUSSIA AGAINST THE BACKDROP OF AGGRAVATED INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE COLLECTIVE WEST IN THE PERIOD OF THE SMO

This article explores a new phase of cognitive warfare directed against Russia against the backdrop of the SMO. The information space is filled with attacks emanating from various media sources of Western states. It is necessary to analyze information and propaganda campaigns, previously not conducted on such a scale, which became possible due to the use of new technologies and artificial intelligence. All countries of the world are involved in information campaigns to a greater or lesser extent. The author of the article analyzes such weapons as fakes, disinformation, covering the events allegedly taking place on the “second front” deployed against the Russian Federation. The article also gives a content analysis conducted among young people, revealing the degree of awareness of fakes. The author lists different measures used by countries to limit the flow of fakes that influence the consciousness of the population and subsequently lead to possible protest actions. In view of the relevance of the topic of propaganda and disinformation, recommendations are given on how to counter the information war directed against the Russian Federation.

Key words: cognitive warfare, disinformation, SMO, collective West, propaganda, fakes, Telegram.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.023

L.S. RUBAN Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Head Researcher of V.V. Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations and Institute Economical Strategies, Moscow, Russia

THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN NEPAL IN THE INTERACTION OF EXTERNAL FACTORS, THE NATURAL COMPONENT AND THE TRADITIONS OF NATURAL CULTURE

In the article, the author traces and analyzes in detail the development of the main branch of the socio-economic system of Nepal, namely tourism, the functioning of which allows this country to solve the problem of employment and the fight against unemployment and total poverty. The development of tourism is shown comprehensively, in close interaction of the influence of external factors, the natural component and the traditions of national culture. The article presents the gradual change of Nepal from a country isolated from the outside world (both by natural conditions – surrounded by the highest mountain system in the world, and by the actions of the internal authorities prohibiting foreigners from entering the country until the early 1950s. Russian Russian trace is also present in the opening of Nepal to the outside world, associated with the activities and contributions of Russian citizen B.N. Lisanevich, an artist of the Diaghilev Russian Ballet, who successfully proved himself in the field of management in the hotel and restaurant business, who rendered invaluable services to the Nepalese royal authorities. Lesanevich brought it the first group of European tourists came to Nepal, opened the first fashionable hotel in Nepal, promoted Russian products in this country, and organized the 300 Club to develop effective communication between the local middle class and the elite with foreigners. All this also contributed to the development of sports tourism in Nepal – the mountaineering boom began, in which representatives of not only European countries, but also China, Japan, USA and New Zealand participated and are taking part. The author notes the broad support of the Nepalese authorities for the promotion of the centuries-old culture and history of Nepal, the preservation of historical monuments of this country, taking into account the religious component, for which numerous pilgrimage projects are organized, because the country is the Birthplace of the Buddha. Ecological and agricultural tourism is also developing, especially since the country has unique animals and plants living in the highlands.

Key words: Nepal, Kathmandu, Pokhara, Chitwan Park, Stupa, Everest (Jomolungma), Buddhism, Buddha, historical tourism, sports tourism, eco-tourism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.024

D.V. BRATKOVSKAYA Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

Ya.D. ROGOVA Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

S.A. TOKAREVA Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE LINGUISTIC STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING NATIONAL UNITY IN MULTICULTURAL COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF RUSSIA

The article examines linguistic strategies aimed at building and strengthening national unity in multinational and multicultural countries, with a focus on the case of Russia. Special attention is given to the historical evolution of language policies in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and the Russian Federation. Modern approaches to supporting the Russian language as the main means of interethnic communication and the preservation of cultural diversity through the development of minority languages are analyzed. The rhetorical techniques used in media and social networks to promote the idea of a multinational Russia are explored, as well as the role of social networks in shaping national identity among young people. The conclusion discusses the prospects for the development of language policy in the context of globalization and the necessity of maintaining a balance between integration and the preservation of the cultural characteristics of Russia's peoples.

Key words: linguistic strategies, national unity, multinational countries, Russian language, language policy, minority languages, social networks, media, national identity, globalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.025

G.A. MELKONYANTS South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

THE TRANSFORMATION OF GEOPOLITICAL THREATS TO THE SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CONFLICT IN THE 2020S.

The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of geopolitical threats to the security of the Russian Federation in the context of the global conflictogenicity of the modern world. The study highlights the key causes and events that provoked the chaotic and bifurcation nature of the current phase of global politics, which expands the spectrum and changes the content of geopolitical threats to Russia. Based on local and global geopolitical analysis, the author differentiates new challenges and dangers into threats of the "first" (border and internal) and "second" (world) orders. Threats of the "first" order consist in the formation of an extremely conflictual environment in the territories bordering the Russian Federation, as well as within Russia itself through an expanded toolkit of military and political influence. In turn, threats of the "second" order cannot be solved within the framework of a special political response and ensuring the national security of only one state, they require collective and decisive measures to neutralize them. In the course of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that in order to effectively counter these threats to the Russian Federation, an optimal combination of basic principles of military security is necessary, and the search for the safest formula for the transition to a multipolar world lies in line with the consolidation of peoples and countries that disagree with Western hegemony and an attempt to convince the United States that it is necessary to build an international security system only taking into account the equal interests and collective efforts of other political poles.

Key words: geopolitical threats, security, Russia, multipolar world, global politics, conflictogenicity, threats of the "first" and "second" orders.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.026

O.G. PARAMUZOVA Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of International and Humanitarian Law, North-West Institute of Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Saint Petersburg, Russia

A.R. ROSALES Student of the SZIU RANHIGS, Saint Petersburg, Russia

THE HISTORICAL ASPECT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL CLAIMS IN ANTARCTICA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEED TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF IMPROVING THE MECHANISM OF LEGAL REGULATION

The article is devoted to the study of historical aspects of the emergence and development of territorial claims in the international relations of states in Antarctica. The relevance of this study directly follows from the prevailing trends in world politics. Firstly, the Antarctic precedent can become an example of the division of important and significant territories for all mankind and help in the event of a newly formed conflict to establish legal regulation over any territory without preponderance towards any state. Secondly, Antarctica is a continent that is not subject to the sovereignty of any country, which makes it a unique place for international cooperation and peaceful use, and due to modern geopolitics and political decisions of certain states in relation to each other, as well as decisions of unions and communities of countries in relation to certain states The Antarctic use regime may soon be called into question by the world community in order to limit the activities of any country on the continent. Also, do not forget that Antarctica plays a key role in maintaining the global climate system. The study and protection of its unique ecosystem requires clear and effective legal regulation. Relevance is directly related to the degree of development of the topic. The bottom line is that modern researchers analyze the Antarctic Treaty from the point of view of the stage of the historical development of international law, however, for example, the question of amending the Treaty is either not raised by researchers at all, or is raised, but without clear proposals for improvement. At the same time, the process of bringing to justice for its violation in most cases is described only in general terms without specifics.

Key words: territorial claims in Antarctica, historical aspects, the international legal status of Antarctica, the Antarctic Argument of 1959.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.027

N.S. SEMENOV Postgraduate student, Department of Oriental Political Studies, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE GEOPOLITICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CHINA'S ‘ONE BELT, ONE ROAD’ INITIATIVE IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION

The article is devoted to the geopolitical aspects of the implementation of the PRC's "One Belt, One Road" initiative in the Asia-Pacific region. The BRI is a strategic project aimed at creating a so-called China-centric global economic system. Despite its potential benefits, the initiative causes considerable concern from the countries of the "Global West", as it strengthens China's influence in the international arena, exacerbating economic and political rivalry with the United States.

It is noted that the initiative is becoming one of the key topics of the geopolitical confrontation between the United States and China. The peculiarity is that China's approach to this rivalry does not fit into the traditional framework of the Cold War. Beijing is striving to develop its economic and military capabilities while maintaining a strategic balance, including strengthening relations with Russia.

The article also describes various economic and geopolitical challenges faced by Western countries, such as deindustrialization and growing foreign debt. Instead of an effective counter-strategy, the United States often resorts to reactive actions, which casts doubt on its ability to counter Chinese ambitions.

The article also examines China's relations with neighboring countries such as Japan and India. Japan, although it has its own concerns about BRI, is considering the possibility of interaction with China, which demonstrates Tokyo's pragmatic approach. India, on the other hand, is trying to counter China by reforming its own economic strategies and participating in alternative initiatives.

Thus, the article emphasizes that the BRI not only changes the economic landscape of the region, but also poses a significant challenge to traditional international power structures, which requires a new strategy from Western countries in response to this challenge. In the future, the successful development of the BRI can become a critical factor in determining the future economic and political structure of the region.

Key words: geopolitics, geoeconomics, infrastructure and economic corridors, Belt and Road Initiative, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.028

CHAO BINGQING Postgraduate student of the Department of Geopolitics of the FGS, Moscow State University Moscow, Russia

WANG XIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Geopolitics of the FGS, Moscow State University Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S "SOFT POWER" AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SOLVING GLOBAL PROBLEMS

The concept of "soft power" has become a key element of China's foreign policy in recent decades. In the context of globalization and increasing international competition, China utilizes soft power to strengthen its influence on the global stage. This concept, introduced by American political scientist Joseph Nye, refers to a nation's ability to achieve its goals not through military or economic pressure, but through cultural, ideological, and diplomatic influence. The goal of this study is to analyze how China applies soft power to address global challenges and assess its effectiveness in shaping a positive national image and enhancing international cooperation. The research aims to examine the main directions of China's soft power use, as well as analyze the role of Chinese media and cultural projects in promoting national interests. Qualitative research methods were employed, including the collection and analysis of documents, reports, and publications on China's policies, along with a comparative study of soft power practices used by other countries, such as the United States, Japan, and the European Union. The results demonstrate that China actively uses soft power to create a positive international image. The primary areas of focus include cultural diplomacy through initiatives like Confucius Institutes, investments in educational programs, support for the film industry, and the promotion of the Chinese language. The conclusions drawn indicate that China’s soft power is a crucial tool in its foreign policy and plays a significant role in addressing global challenges. As global competition intensifies and geopolitical shifts occur, China's soft power will continue to evolve, but its successful implementation will require consideration of cultural and political differences between countries.

Key words: soft power, China, foreign policy, cultural diplomacy, globalization, international cooperation, Confucius Institutes, media resources, educational programs, positive image, national interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.029

YUAN CHENZHAO Master's degree, University of Melbourne China

QIAN CHEN Phd in economics, Haina HIC Research Center, Yangze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China

INTER-PARTY COOPERATION AMID THE RISE OF GREAT POWERS: A COMPARISON OF PARTY-BUILDING MODELS IN CHINA AND RUSSIA IN THE NEW GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

Inter-party cooperation between China and Russia amid their rise as great powers represents an important aspect of new global governance. Both countries seek to strengthen their positions on the international stage by developing their own political models based on their unique history, political culture, and strategic interests. While their models of party building share certain similarities, they also feature significant differences that reflect the specifics of each country. One of the most important aspects of inter-party cooperation between Russia and China is the exchange of experience in managing state and political structures. In recent years, contacts between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and "United Russia" have intensified, including regular high-level meetings, exchanges of delegations, and participation in various forums aimed at enhancing mutual understanding and cooperation. This cooperation is seen as a way to create a united front against Western pressure and to promote alternative governance models on the world stage. China is actively developing initiatives aimed at strengthening its international influence, such as the "Belt and Road Initiative," and seeks to integrate its economic and political interests with partners around the world. Russia, in turn, focuses on reinforcing its position as one of the key players in a multipolar world, cooperating with China within frameworks such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and BRICS.

Key words: inter-party cooperation, China, Russia, party-building, global governance, rise of great powers, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.030

BINISH Graduate student, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

APPROACHES OF NEW DELHI’S TOWARDS CENTRAL ASIA DURING VARIOUS HISTORICAL PERIODS

This article analyzes India’s approaches towards the states of the Central Asian region within the framework of New Delhi’s Central Asian outlook from 2011 to 2022. The great importance of this region to India is discussed, along with the strategies and specific features.

The Author examines these initiatives in this paper’s context of the emerging regional geostrategic landscape. India has moved its regional policy from the ‘Look North’ paradigm to ‘Connect North’ to enhance economic and strategic ties. Notably, SCO’s membership offers India more significant collaborations to play an active involvement in the region. India is therefore prepared to establish deeper collaborations with the area within the framework of new [20] geopolitical changes shaping Central Asia (modern Central Asia states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan). More importantly, the region seeks to participate actively. It is stated that New Delhi's implementation of its many agreements and obligations is necessary to continue the start of a new age of cooperation spearheaded by Prime Minister Modi. Although strengthening bilateral relations with the region is essential, working closely in regional groupings will also help address regional economic and security challenges.

Key words: Central Asia, New Delhi, Connect Central Asia Policy, Russia.

PUBLICATION REVIEW

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.031

D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of History of Russia, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Moscow, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN MODERN RUSSIA (REVIEW OF PUBLICATIONS)

Reflections on and in connection with reviews of scientific articles are not a detailed tracing of the analysis of the structure of the material that some authors of publications presented. This is a pretext and reason for analyzing the concept and stage-by-stage development of the religious situation in Russia, a description of the religious and church experience in the ideas and consciousness of its researchers. The results of the analysis showed that, firstly, the religious situation declares its diversity of forms and actions of active influence on the relations between the state and the church, and on the intra-confessional-church relations and connections; secondly, the ideas and assessments of the nature of the religious situation become more rigid and unambiguous, and the background environment fills the entire spectrum of relations of the object and subject of the religious situation with contradictions. The modern religious situation in Russia, due to its inclusion in the particularities of the current moment, raises the mystery of revelation and scientific knowledge to an unprecedented level for everyone, believer or atheist.

Key words: state, religions, religious situation, secular power, religiosity.

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