№ 6 (123), 2025

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 15. Issue 6 (123), 2025

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Shavlokhova E.S., Shapovalova A.A., Agavelyan A.A., Aleksanyan A.V., Gasanov D.R. The Development of the Legislative Foundations of Local Self-Government in Pre-Revolutionary Russia of the 19th Century
Komlev D.S. The Work of Planning Authorities in the Field of Social Development in Ulyanovsk Province 1924-1927
Koroleva L.A., Miku N.V., Grishin A.V., Vazerov I.D. Soviet Radio Broadcasting as a Factor in the Construction of Regional Identity (on the Example of the Penza Territory)
Shirokov I.M. Regulation of Labor Relations at the City Power Plant of the All-Union Union of Metalworkers in 1929: an Analysis of the Collective Agreement
Maksimets D.A. State Regulation of Road Construction in the Moscow Province at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Orlov V.V., Smirnova N.B. News about Political Repressions in Chuvashia Through the Prism of the Fate of A.A. Andronnikov, Civil Engineer of the People's Committee of Municipal Services of the Republic
Saveliev A.V. Activities of Machine and Tractor Stations in the 1928-1930s (Based on Materials from the Ulyanovsk Region)
Chentsov A.V. The Sanctions Policy of the Collective West Against the Soviet State in 1917-1941. Goals, Actions, and Results. History Lessons
Molchanova T.V. The Main Trends in the Development of Family and Marital Relations in the Countries of East Asia in the 21st Century
Syzdykova Zh.S., Otarbayeva G.K. Caravan Sarais as a Factor in Strengthening and Development of the Great Sandwich Road
Zhirkov F.R. Bibliometric Analysis of Russian Science on Government Bodies and Social-Political Movements of the RSFSR
Moiseenko O.A., Chipenko N.S. Peculiarities of the Formation of Youth Identity in the USSR in the Second Half of the 1980s: the Ratio of "Soviet" and Subcultures

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Razinkov D.A. Theoretical Development of the Concept of Political Culture
Yakunichev D.A. Concepts of Globalization in Russian Political Philosophy of the Late 20th Century – Early 21st Century
Bondarenko N.I. The Problem of «Personality-Society» in P.I. Novgorodtsev’s Philosophical-Political Concepts

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES

Potapov D.V. Features of the Transition and its Distinctive Features
Muradyan L.O. Autonomization as a Mechanism to Reducing the Political-Status Imbalance Between National Republics
Guan Bowen. State Policy in the Field of Culture as a Factor of Development of National Tourism and Branding of Territories
Gorobets V.V. Features of Video Games in the Context of Political Socialization of Youth
Denisov N.E. Integration of Migrants as a Reinforcing Factor of Civic Identity in Contemporary Russia
Shiyapova E.A. Position of Civil Society on the Issue of Preserving Spiritual and Moral Values of Russia
Popadin A. Symbolic Militarization Index of Russia’s Regions: the Case of the «Z» and «V» Symbols

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Petropolsky A.I. Models of Corporativism, Global Regulation, Network Governance, Stakeholders, and their Participation in Public Policy-Making
Fandyushin M.V. Assessment of the Production Capacities of Trolleybus and Tram Production Plants in the Russian Federation for the Executive Authorities in the Field of Transport
Levsha A.V. The Main Directions of Digitalization of Regional Management
Starushko S.A. Political Narratives in the Public and Latent Sphere of Formation of State Strategies
Saygushinskaya S.A. The Role of Foreign Agents in the Political Process: Risks to National Security and State Sovereignty

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Kargin E.A. Theoretical Models of Intercivilizational Encounters in the Works of J. Arnason and A.S. Panarin
Shcherbakov I.M. On the Issue of the Peculiarities of the Application of the Civilizational Approach to the Study of the Foreign Policy of Modern States: Review of Domestic and Foreign Research
Protsenko A.L. Methods of Countering Fake News in Russia under the Conditions of the Special Military Operation (a Case Study of News from Ukraine)
Liang Weihang. The Policy of “Looking East” in the Middle East: the Logic of Choice and Differences in Strategies
Bobokhonov K.N. The Paradiplomacy of Tatarstan in Uzbekistan: Achievements and Prospects
Wang Yuqi. Anti-Terrorist Exercises as a Form of Security Cooperation Between China and Kyrgyzstan
Bulva V.I. Institutes of Network Diplomacy and Global Governance in a Multipolar World
Smelov A.A. Common European Identity in the Context of Donald Trump’s Foreign Policy
Danilov V.A., Sobolev E.I., Zinovin M.A. Contemporary it Technologies as One of the Tools of Terrorism in the 21st Century
Iaremchuk I.V. The Impact of EU AI Policy on Innovation and Commercial Competitiveness of European Tech Companies
Privalov V.A. Contradictions of the Principles of Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity in Modern International Law by Example the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict
Li Qian. Peacekeeping Operations Between Russia and China under the Auspices of the UN in Africa
Yan Rong. Main Trends in the Development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the Post-Pandemic Period
Wang Yuqi. Reflection of China's Security Concept in Chinese-Kyrgyz Cooperation
Gung Tingting. The Eurasian Economic Union and China: Forming a Strategic Partnership under Sanctions Pressure
Kozyreva M.S. Latin American States Tax Policy as an Instrument for Containing Global Problems (Using the Transport Sector as an Example)
Liu Kangxin, Kulikov A.M. A Study of East Asian Geopolitics under the Dual Influence of NATO's “Pivot to Asia” and Russia's “Eastern Course”
Yan Rong. Shanghai Cooperation Organization Development Trends under the Influence of the Covid-19 Pandemic

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

Medvedeva V.K., Medvedev N.P. Post-Soviet States of Central Asia: Forming a Modern Model of Cooperation with Russia

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.001

E.S. SHAVLOKHOVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of History and Political Science, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russia

A.A. SHAPOVALOVA Student Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russia

A.A. AGAVELYAN Student Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russia

A.V. ALEKSANYAN Student Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russia

D.R. GASANOV Student Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russia

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGISLATIVE FOUNDATIONS OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA OF THE 19TH CENTURY

The study is devoted to the study of the formation and development of the legislative basis of local self-government in Russia in the 19th century. The reasons for the emergence of the first regulations governing the organization and functioning of local authorities, as well as an assessment of their effectiveness are considered. The main attention is paid to the stages of the formation of local self-government, starting from the period of absolutism and ending with the beginning of the 20th century. An analysis of the influence of political, economic and social factors on the formation of legal norms is carried out, the role of local authorities in the implementation of state decisions is revealed. The role of local authorities remained significant in the functioning of the state mechanism of the Russian Empire in the 19th century. They acted as intermediaries between the center and society, performing important administrative and economic functions necessary for the sustainable development of the country. Conclusions are made regarding the rationality and effectiveness of the models used, recommendations are proposed for improving governance at the regional level, and the conclusions indicate the need to take into account the accumulated experience in modern Russian legislation on local self-government, which will avoid repeating the mistakes of the past and increase the efficiency of municipal authorities. The study is aimed at a deeper understanding of the historical continuity of domestic legislation on local self-government and has practical significance for specialists in the field of state and legal regulation.

Key words: legislation, local self-government, pre-revolutionary Russia, 19th century, state regulation, zemstvos, cities, reformation, legal norms, public activity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.002

D.S. KOMLEV Postgraduate Student, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia SPIN: 6909-0543

THE WORK OF PLANNING AUTHORITIES IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ULYANOVSK PROVINCE 1924-1927

The main objective of this paper is to study the activities of the Ulyanovsk Provincial Planning Commission in the area of social development in the region. The Provincial Planning Commission (Gubplan) was an academic working body organized under the Provincial Economic Conference. It consolidated and coordinated the economic activities of local economic bodies, eliminated disruptions to the planned nature of economic management, coordinated departmental plans, and created a unified economic plan for the province. Of particular interest to the study is the role of the Ulyanovsk Provincial Plan in the development of the social sphere. The novelty of the study stems from the introduction of new archival materials (GANI Ulyanovsk Region and GAUR) into scholarly circulation.

The study's results show that the Ulyanovsk Provincial Plan was the primary government agency responsible for social development during the study period. The Provincial Plan financed regional healthcare and public education, coordinated the work of social security agencies, the labor department, and other agencies. An analysis of the activities and outcomes of regional planning policy in the social sphere allows for the necessary lessons to be learned and applied in the implementation of current reforms.

Key words: social policy, education, healthcare, labor, plan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.003

L.A. KOROLEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Dean of the Institute of Digital Management, Penza University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

N.V. MIKU Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Philosophy, Penza University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

A.V. GRISHIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Management, Penza University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

I.D. VAZEROV Assistant Professor at the Department of History and Philosophy, Penza University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

SOVIET RADIO BROADCASTING AS A FACTOR IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REGIONAL IDENTITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PENZA TERRITORY)

The article examines the content and forms of work of one of the types of media – radio for the formation of Soviet identity at the regional level – in the Penza region. The relevance of studying the mechanism of folding regional identity in modern Russian conditions is emphasized, as one of the directions of education of citizenship and patriotism among the population, stable progressive development of the country. Specific features of radio as the most accessible and widespread media are revealed.

The significant role of local radio broadcasting, which has become regular since 1918, in the cultural and ideological-political education and education of Penza residents is reflected, despite its excessive ideologization, which was the result of absolute control of the Soviet-party bodies.

The thematic content of the content, the volume and forms of transmission of the Penza radio broadcasting, as a whole of the entire Soviet, were determined by the specific socio-political tasks of a certain stage in the development of the socialist state (for example, during the strengthening of Soviet power, the formation of the Penza region in 1939, World War II). The radio practices also took into account the peculiarities of the Penza Territory – multinationality, polyconfessionality, economic orientation.

The construction of regional identity took place through radio programs aimed at instilling a sense of respect and pride in their «small homeland», the formation of a positive «image» of the Penza region: about the heroic historical past and the glorious present socio-economic and cultural development of the Penza Territory, about local production leaders, artists, etc. Particular attention was paid to attracting the population to the creation of radio content – through direct participation in programs, author's writing of materials, etc.

Key words: USSR, regional identity, mass media, broadcasting, Penza region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.004

I.M. SHIROKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of History of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University I.N. Ulyanov University, Ulyanovsk, Russia

REGULATION OF LABOR RELATIONS AT THE CITY POWER PLANT OF THE ALL-UNION UNION OF METALWORKERS IN 1929: AN ANALYSIS OF THE COLLECTIVE AGREEMENT

The article is devoted to the collective agreement concluded between workers and employees of the City Power Plant of the All-Union Union of Metalworkers (VS RM) in 1929, which is an important historical document for the study of labor relations in the Soviet Union in the first half of the 20th century. The article examines the key aspects of the agreement, its content and structure, as well as analyzes its main provisions. Special attention is paid to comparing the conditions and norms stipulated in the contract with the general trends in the field of labor legislation of that time.

The article explores in detail the main provisions of the collective agreement concluded between workers and employees of the City Power Plant of the All-Union Union of Metalworkers, such as working conditions, wages, social guarantees and workers' rights. The article analyzes how these provisions reflected the general policy of the state in the field of regulation of labor relations, as well as how they took into account the specifics of a particular region and industry.

In addition, the article examines the historical context in which the contract was concluded. It highlights the socio-economic conditions of that time, political changes and reforms that influenced the formation of labor legislation. This allows us to better understand how the collective agreement concluded between workers and employees of the City Power Plant of the All-Union Union of Metalworkers (VS RM) became a reflection of the era and how it contributed to the development of labor relations in the Soviet Union.

The article may be useful for researchers of the history of labor law, economists, sociologists and anyone interested in the history of the Soviet Union. It provides valuable material for studying the evolution of labor legislation and its impact on workers' lives during this period.

Key words: collective agreement, employment contract, labor relations, Soviet legislation, working conditions, wages, social guarantees, workers' rights.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.005

D.A. MAKSIMETS Postgraduate student of the Department of History, Institute of Humanities, Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

STATE REGULATION OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN THE MOSCOW PROVINCE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The article is devoted to the analysis of regulatory legal acts of state authorities concerning the issues of highway construction in the Moscow province. Circulars, rules and instructions clarifying and regulating the activities of road workers were issued by the Ministry of Railways. It also put forward demands to the body responsible for the highway maintenance of the Moscow province, the Moscow Provincial Zemstvo.

The analysis of the documents allowed us to talk about the positive impact of government regulation on various areas of road activity. The article highlights his main directions in highway construction in the Moscow province, such as improving road construction, financing highway construction and road safety.

Кey words: Moscow Province, Ministry of Railways, state regulation, road construction, highways.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.006

V.V. ORLOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Social, Humanitarian and Natural Sciences of the Private Institution of Higher Education “Institute of Public Administration”, Moscow, Russia SPIN: 6459-7210 ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5268-7594

N.B. SMIRNOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Researcher of the Section of History of the Historical Direction, Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, Cheboksary, Russia SPIN: 4695-9894 ORCID https://orcid.org/ 0009-0007-5483-3840

NEWS ABOUT POLITICAL REPRESSIONS IN CHUVASHIA THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE FATE OF A.A. ANDRONNIKOV, A.A. CIVIL ENGINEER OF THE PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE OF MUNICIPAL SERVICES OF THE REPUBLIC

The purpose of the study is to examine the specifics of repression in the construction industry of Chuvashia through the prism of the fate of its representative, the chief engineer of Chuvashproekt, and later the construction engineer of the People's Commissariat of Public Utilities of the Republic A.A. Andronnikov.

The article is based on the study of scientific literature and archival materials. To reconstruct historical events related to the repression in the construction industry of Chuvashia, an investigative file from the fund of the Ministry of State Security (F.R. 2669), stored in the State Historical Archive of the Chuvash Republic [4], was used. Archival and investigative files (interrogation protocols, indictment, correspondence materials, etc.) allow us to more fully reveal the mechanism for implementing repressive measures and to better understand the problems of mass repression against engineering and technical personnel.

Among the scientific literature used, the most significant for the study were the works of such domestic and foreign historians as V.E. Baghdasaryan, O.V. Khlevnyuk, S. Fitzpatrick, V. Khaustov, L. Samuelson and others, which provide a comprehensive analysis of the repressive policy, mechanisms of interaction and mutual influence of Stalin and the main punitive department of the country – the GUGB NKVD of the USSR in organizing mass repressions, organizing open trials of "saboteurs in agriculture" and in other sectors of the national economy. Individual issues related to the reflection of repressive themes in regional historical literature are considered in the article by one of the authors.

The methodological basis of the study was the principles of historicism, systematicity, objectivity and complexity, as well as general scientific and special historical methods, which made it possible to reconstruct and model the history of repressive policies based on regional material.

The article shows that during the pre-war five-year plans, large-scale construction of industrial and civil facilities was underway in Chuvashia. However, not a single large enterprise was completed on time or reached its design capacity. The unfinished business and defects in the construction industry were systemic in nature, caused by the emergency nature of the work and the "storming" approach, the lack of personnel, materials, equipment and machinery. The authorities saw the reason for the failure to complete the projects on time in the lack of assertiveness on the part of the management, their weak mastery of the technology of organizing the construction of enterprises, in the shortcomings in the selection of engineering and technical personnel and workers, which led to the untimely preparation of design and estimate documentation, obtaining loans, delivery of building materials, and exceeding the estimated cost. For punitive bodies, the main reasons for the failures in the construction industry are the sabotage activities of "enemies of the people". The reason for the repressions against the civil engineer A.A. Andronnikov was accused of "sabotage" after minor defects were discovered during the construction of buildings and structures. "Sabotage at construction sites" along with critical statements about the Soviet government and the leaders of the Soviet state formed the basis of the indictment and the decision of the Special Conference of the NKVD of the USSR to execute him.

Key words: political repression, “sabotage in construction”, “enemies of the people”, “troika”, “former”, capital punishment.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.007

A.V. SAVELIEV Candidate of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

ACTIVITIES OF MACHINE AND TRACTOR STATIONS IN THE 1928-1930s (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE ULYANOVSK REGION)

The author attempts to analyze the process of creation and functioning of state farms and machine tractor stations (MTS) in the USSR in the 1928-1930s. On the basis of archival documents, the structures of state farms and MTS, as well as their economic efficiency, are considered. Special attention is paid to the problems faced by state farms and MTS during their formation: lack of qualified personnel, technical malfunctions, resistance of the peasant population. The author analyzes the impact of state farms and MTS on the socio-economic development of rural areas, assessing both the positive and negative consequences of their introduction.

Key words: machine and tractor stations, state farms, collectivization, intensification, credit plan, complex machines.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.008

F.R. ZHIRKOV Graduate student of the Faculty of Public Administration Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN SCIENCE ON GOVERNMENT BODIES AND SOCIAL-POLITICAL MOVEMENTS OF THE RSFSR

For many years, the scientific community has been discussing the role of the RSFSR in the disintegration processes in the Soviet Union. The bibliometric analysis of Russian historical science used in this study allowed us to answer questions about the directions of development of this scientific problem. The problematic of the topic is due to the fact that the collapse of the Soviet Union and the formation of new democratic states, although caused by national movements, the main role in this process was assigned to the RSFSR. Within Russia, the catalyst for centrifugal tendencies were socio-political movements integrated into the general agenda with government bodies. The purpose of this work is to identify the features of the study of socio-political movements in Russia, as well as the problems of their interaction with government bodies. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are formulated:

1) to determine what caused the collapse of the Soviet Union in the prevailing scientific understanding;

2) to identify the current state of scientific research;

3) to identify trends in the development of scientific thought in the area under consideration;

4) to find out which sciences play a leading role in the study of the problems posed;

Expert and scientometric approaches were used to write the work. In order to achieve the set objectives, data from the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) e-library were used. The bibliometric analysis data taken correspond to March 2025. The selection of publications was carried out by the terms "authorities of the RSFSR" and "socio-political movements" contained in the title of the work, its abstract, keywords, and in the full texts of publications. The topic is being developed mainly by historical and legal sciences. The obtained results of the study allow us to conclude that the level of research on the aspect concerning government bodies is low compared to that affecting socio-political movements. However, few works are devoted exclusively to the relations between the authorities of the RSFSR and socio-political movements.

Key words: socio-political movements, authorities of the RSFSR, RSCI, scientometrics, selection.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.009

T.V. MOLCHANOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Regional Studies, St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Prof. MA Bonch-Bruevich, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE MAIN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FAMILY AND MARITAL RELATIONS IN THE COUNTRIES OF EAST ASIA IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The institution of family and marriage is experiencing crisis phenomena in the new millennium. Traditional societies of China, Korea and Japan, under the influence of Western countries, are significantly transforming their ideas on the issues of creating a family and having a marriage. Women's desire for independence, professional self-realization and personal self-determination reflects the current processes of feminism and the rejection of the values of the traditional family. But despite this, state policy is characterized by the absence of a principled position and the implementation of social half-measures. The decline in the birth rate entails not only a range of socio-economic consequences, but also the loss of national identity.

Key words: family, marriage, demography, China, Korea, Japan, Asia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.010

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

G.K. OTARBAYEVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor at M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

CARAVAN SARAIS AS A FACTOR IN STRENGTHENING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREAT SANDWICH ROAD

This article examines caravanserais as a factor in the strengthening and development of the Great Silk Road (GSR). It is noted that caravanserais provided an opportunity for stable trade, allowing merchants to exchange, sell, and purchase goods. Caravanserais also stimulated the emergence and development of cities along the busy caravan routes, which had an impact on the strengthening of state power. It is emphasized that caravanserais acted as guard posts, ensuring the safety of the caravan routes. It is concluded that when travelers from the East and the West crossed each other in the caravanserais, a process of comprehensive exchange took place, including both material and spiritual achievements. The caravanserais played a significant role and took their own special place in the system of strengthening and developing the communication of the Great Silk Road.

Key words: caravanserais, Great Silk Road, trade, security, Islam.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.011

A.V. CHENTSOV Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Public and Municipal Administration, Faculty of Public Administration, Moscow State University, Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

THE SANCTIONS POLICY OF THE COLLECTIVE WEST AGAINST THE SOVIET STATE IN 1917-1941. GOALS, ACTIONS, AND RESULTS. HISTORY LESSONS

The article examines the goals, actions, and results of the sanctions policy of the collective West against the Soviet state in 1917-1941. Sanctions are restrictive measures taken by a State (group of States) in order to force the target State to change its policy, eliminate violations of international norms, and deter unacceptable State behavior. Western sanctions were imposed as early as 1917, shortly after the Bolsheviks came to power. In different periods, sanctions took the forms of: an economic blockade (termination of economic relations), a "golden blockade" (the refusal of Western countries to accept gold from the USSR to pay for imported equipment and technologies and the requirement to pay with oil, grain and timber), a credit blockade (refusal to issue loans or their provision on unfavorable terms), special duties and restrictions on certain goods, an embargo on the import of a number of Soviet goods, and on trade with the USSR in the form of a ban on the supply of certain goods. After the outbreak of World War II, anti-Soviet sanctions were not imposed, which was due to the need to consolidate the efforts of the USSR and Western countries to fight Germany. It is concluded that the history of relations between the USSR and the West is a history of the introduction of various sanctions and restrictions. Western sanctions against the USSR were mainly economic in nature, providing for restrictions or prohibitions on the import and export of certain goods, foreign technologies or goods. Some sanctions caused economic damage to the Soviet Union, reducing trade turnover with Western countries, leading to shortages of goods, raw materials, and famine.

Key words: sanctions, blockade, Western countries, war, trade, goods, embargo.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.012

O.A. MOISEENKO Post-graduate student of the Faculty of Public Administration of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

N.S. CHIPENKO Post-graduate student of the Faculty of Public Administration of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

PECULIARITIES OF THE FORMATION OF YOUTH IDENTITY IN THE USSR IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1980S: THE RATIO OF "SOVIET" AND SUBCULTURES

The authors of the article analyze the features of the self-identification of young people during the perestroika period. This period is of research interest, since youth subcultures are flourishing in the USSR. The work uses historical-descriptive, historical-systemic and historical-comparative methods. The article analyzes the mechanisms and principles of identity formation, the important role of cultural continuity in the self-identification of youth, as well as the impact on self-identification of the current state of the system-the environment within which human development and socialization takes place. The research analyzes the features of the Soviet identity, its shortcomings and strengths. The article also analyzes the youth policy of the USSR, the state of the institutions of socialization of Soviet youth in the era of perestroika. The authors of the article conclude that despite the abundance of alternative identities, the youth of the USSR mostly preserved the basic values of Soviet culture and historical memory. Soviet civic identity played an integrative role and served to consolidate youth. The emergence of subcultures was the result of state policy and forms of ideological education of citizens rather than the costs of ideology. In particular, the reasons for the search for an alternative identity include the discrepancy between the forms of expression of basic Soviet values and their deep ideological content, the penetration of ideologization into the private life of citizens, the presence of areas of weak social interaction with significant problems and the lack of normal functioning of official state institutions aimed at solving them, and the crisis of a number of socialization institutions.

Key words: civil identity, USSR, perestroika, Soviet identity, youth, subcultures, informal groups, youth organizations.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.014

D.A. RAZINKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law of the Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF POLITICAL CULTURE

The emergence of the concept of political culture in American political science is associated with Almond's 1956 work, where the author introduces and describes the category. At the same time, Almond's work in collaboration with Sidney Verba is considered classic, where the concept received not only theoretical development, but also became a theoretical and methodological framework for comparative research among 5 countries. Thus, the concept of political culture has become one of the dominant conceptual models in comparative political science and the methodological basis for many studies. The scale of the concept is also indicated by the scale of its criticism, which concerns both the theory itself, the methodology, the ideological context of the concept's origin, as well as inconsistencies with empirical reality. This article will examine and outline the history of the concept's development, alternative approaches to understanding political culture that were a response to criticism or occurred in connection with the emergence of new scientific paradigms and approaches.

Key words: history of political science, cultural studies, structural functionalism, anthropology, criticism of political culture, cultural ontology, subjectivism, interpretivism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.015

D.A. YAKUNICHEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CONCEPTS OF GLOBALIZATION IN RUSSIAN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF THE LATE 20TH CENTURY – EARLY 21ST CENTURY

The article examines the main approaches to the concept of globalization within the framework of Russian political philosophy during the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. It traces the evolution of perspectives, ranging from critical and conservative and geopolitical interpretations opposing Western expansion, to civilizational and socioeconomic perspectives that view globalization as a natural historical process. The article demonstrates that Russian theories, rooted in national philosophical traditions, simultaneously critique the «unipolar» world order while promoting the idea of multi-polar cooperation based on principles of equality and cultural diversity. Special attention is paid to the works of Russian thinkers who have proposed innovative approaches to understanding the global system, including the concepts of «dialogue among civilizations» and «multi-polar globalization». These ideas may be of interest to scholars who study global transformation processes, international relations theory, and political philosophy.

The paper highlights that Russian theories of globalization represent not only a response to external challenges but also an internal quest for a development model: from the idea of «smart openness» in economics to cosmism as a future-oriented framework. The analysis demonstrates that, despite ideological diversity, most authors acknowledge the irreversible nature of interdependence and emphasize the need for equitable distribution of benefits. This makes the Russian perspective representative of a broader global discussion about the future structure of the global system after the crisis.

Key words: globalization, Russian political philosophy, geopolitics, civilizational approach, multipolarity, cultural identity, dialogue of civilizations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.018

N.I. BONDARENKO Postgraduated student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF «PERSONALITY-SOCIETY» IN P.I. NOVGORODTSEV’S PHILOSOPHICAL-POLITICAL CONCEPTS

P.I. Novgorodtsev made a significant contribution to the Russian political and legal science. The study of the "personality-society" problem in a broad sense contributes to a new perspective on political and social models. The author believes that using a methodology that compares personal and public interests and processes that affect individual states and even the whole world, it is possible to create a new scientifically justify and demand ideology. P.I. Novgorodtsev is one of the philosophers in whose concepts the research of state processes is closely related to the problem of "personality-society". Within the framework of this article, the author analyzed the philosopher's concepts containing this issue. The author of the article, through Novgorodtsev's criticism of collectivist views on the social system, strives to show the alleged practical content of the philosopher's philosophical-political ideas.

It was revealed that when comparing the concepts of "social harmony" (social well-being and development) and "personality", Novgorodtsev puts personality much higher than social harmony, and therefore society.

Novgorodtsev establishes as necessary the principle of the "middle way" to the personal and social ideal, which goes away from us into infinity. So to speak, it passes on its way "between Scylla and Charybdis" and through this "middle way" directs humanity to eschatological peace, which cannot be found by itself, but needs the conscious universal will of everyone to observe natural law as the highest norm.

If we follow the logic of P.I. Novgorodtsev's philosophical-political concept of the interaction of the individual and society, then the ideology of the social order emerging from this logic is the ideology of "small steps" on the way to infinite perfection without a real hope of its final achievement. Constant maintenance of a balance between ensuring the needs of the individual and the needs of the whole society. The necessary separation of the personal and social for the development of both.

Key words: personality, state, principle of individualism, sovereignty, social order, social harmony.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.019

D.V. POTAPOV Рostgraduate, Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF THE TRANSITION AND ITS DISTINCTIVE FEATURES

The purpose of the article was to identify the characteristics of the transition and its distinctive features. The tasks that are considered: the study of the uncertainty of the transition, driving forces, risks of actors. The methods used are a combination of historical and logical analysis of political transition. The result of the study was that countries, initially moving to democracy, often return to autocratic regimes, which affects the alignment of political forces in the world. Conclusion: changes in the issues of social problems in states, the general welfare of society leads to political transitions not only in one country, but also globally.

Key words: political transition, autocracy, democracy, change of power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.020

L.O. MURADYAN Applicant for the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law at the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, teacher of additional education at the Russian Language Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

AUTONOMIZATION AS A MECHANISM TO REDUCING THE POLITICAL-STATUS IMBALANCE BETWEEN NATIONAL REPUBLICS

Autonomy, being a key element of the state structure in multinational countries, plays a significant role in ensuring the rights of peoples to self-determination. In various legal conditions, it can accept subjects of federations, states, provinces and other administrative-territorial entities. However, despite its importance, the problem of autonomization remains insufficiently studied, which determines the relevance of further research in this area.

The prerequisites for the interethnic conflicts that arose at the end of the 20th century on the territory of the USSR and the post-Soviet space have deep historical roots. An analysis of these processes allows us to assert that their causes cannot be reduced exclusively to the principles of autonomization laid down in the foundation of the state national policy of the Soviet period.

Key words: autonomy, nation, ethnicity, republic.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.022

GUAN BOWEN Postgraduate, Higher School of Cultural Policy and Management in the Humanities (Faculty), Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF CULTURE AS A FACTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL TOURISM AND BRANDING OF TERRITORIES

With the deep integration of the global cultural tourism industry and digital innovation, cultural policy has become one of the main strategic tools in the competition for “soft power” between major powers. China and Russia, as ancient historical civilizations, have formed their own practical ways to transform cultural heritage into internationally recognizable tourism brands based on differentiated policy frameworks. The deep integration of culture and tourism has not only changed the pattern of regional development, but also created a new paradigm between civilization inheritance and economic transformation. The development of national cultural policies at the highest level plays a key role in this process: through the systematic integration of disparate cultural resources and the establishment of a branded work system, the global competitiveness of the national tourism industry will eventually be enhanced. As representative countries with rich cultural heritage, the policy practices of China and Russia are important models for global culture and tourism management, and their experiences are instructive for combining cultural preservation with industrial development and balancing traditional heritage and modern innovation.

Key words: Russia, China, cultural policy, intellectual property, tourism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.023

V.V. GOROBETS Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF VIDEO GAMES IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION OF YOUTH

The article examines the features of video games that differ from other artifacts of popular culture and the possibility of their use in the processes of political socialization of young people. The relevance of the research lies in the wide range of video game consumers, the penetration of the political into the initially entertaining structure and content of video games, as well as the lack of works systematizing the key characteristics of video games in the processes of political socialization. The purpose of this work is to identify the key features of video games in the context of the political socialization of youth. The theoretical and methodological framework is based on a systematic approach (political socialization) and the concept of operant conditioning by B.F. Skinner (video games). The research methods used were case study, which allows us to identify the key features of video games in the context of political socialization, and comparative analysis, which revealed differences between the field of video games and other artifacts of popular culture, as well as between the genres of video games themselves. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that video games have a number of features that attract young people and may have potential in the implementation of political socialization. Among them are interactivity, agency, non-linearity and variability of actions, two-way communication, procedurality, long duration of engagement and related emotional attachment. The article also highlights the most suitable genres of video games for political socialization. In particular, shooters, strategy games, simulators and educational games. It is noted that each of the genres focuses on different political areas, so they need to be used systematically.

Key words: political socialization, video games, youth, interactivity, agency, procedural rhetoric, video game genres.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.024

N.E. DENISOV Postgraduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INTEGRATION OF MIGRANTS AS A REINFORCING FACTOR OF CIVIC IDENTITY IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA

This article examines the resilience of collective identity in Russian society amid ongoing migration inflows. The study’s goal is to assess the effectiveness of the current configuration of migrant integration policies for those who have already become full Russian citizens.

The research tasks include identifying the main attributes that enable the inclusion of foreigners into the category of Russian citizens, tracing the evolution of the formal enshrinement of these attributes in key legal and regulatory acts, and pinpointing problematic aspects of integrating migrants already classified as Russian citizens.

The theoretical foundation is the constructivist approach to ethnicity studies. Through this lens, the acquisition of Russian citizenship is presented as a process of category transition based on the presence of certain formally codified attributes. The author introduces the term “construction of civic identity” to reflect the relationship between the categories of Russian citizens and foreigners and the possibility of movement between them.

The results reveal a specific set of attributes that facilitate the simplified inclusion of foreigners into the Russian citizenry, although these attributes do not fully capture the individual’s degree of interiorization of Russian civic identity. Recent legislative trends tightening membership criteria and clarifying markers of belonging for citizenship applicants underscore the urgency of the integration issue for new citizens. Current measures appear insufficient to address these challenges.

The author concludes that legal criteria for obtaining Russian citizenship should be refined-particularly by prioritizing indicators related to the state-forming people category and traditional values to enable more complete integration of individuals into Russian society.

Key words: all-Russian civic identity, migrant integration, state-forming people, identity attributes, ethnicity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.016

E.A. SHIYAPOVA Postgraduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

POSITION OF CIVIL SOCIETY ON THE ISSUE OF PRESERVING SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES OF RUSSIA

The article examines in historical discourse the spiritual and moral values used in Russian state policy, taking into account the national idea and in light of the relevance of preserving the civilizational identity of the Russian world in the context of the modern conflict with Western civilization, a review of regulatory acts of the Russian Federation, including in their content the semantic principles of traditional spiritual and moral values. The article is aimed at defining the original Russian spiritual and moral values. The theoretical and methodological basis and information base of the study are scientific publications and materials of various scientists, both foreign and domestic, regulatory and program documents of the Russian Federation. In preparing the article, methods of system, comparative and expert analysis were used. The author concluded that traditional universal values, such as patriotism and service to the Fatherland, family and children, creative work and creativity, life and dignity of the individual, collectivism and humanism, historical memory and continuity of generations, etc., should be the basis of the state policy of Russia and all countries that are ready to build a new multipolar world on the principles of mutual respect. Also, in the course of the study of Russian rule-making in the last decade, a rejection of blindly following the vector of neoliberal Western civilization and a change in the state course towards traditional, originally Russian spiritual and moral values, formulated in the medieval legal document of the Moscow state, the Russian Truth, were determined. In conclusion, the main directions and tasks that need to be solved by the state apparatus of the Russian Federation for the required semantic content of the existing system of normative legal acts are presented.

Key words: state policy, spiritual and moral values, Western civilization, national idea, Russian civilization, traditional values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.025

A. POPADIN Postgraduate student of the Political Analysis Department of the Faculty of Public Administration of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia SPIN-code: 5210-9086 ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8870-5480

SYMBOLIC MILITARIZATION INDEX OF RUSSIA’S REGIONS: THE CASE OF THE «Z» AND «V» SYMBOLS

The article assesses the scale and depth of symbolic militarization across Russia’s regions in 2022-2025. The aim is to examine not only the spread of military symbols but the extent to which they are embedded in everyday institutions and regional identity. Using data for 89 regions, we compute a Symbolic Militarization Index (SMI) as the sum of five indicators – rebranding; public space; education/upbringing; commemorations/campaigns; official communication – each scored 0-2 (maximum 10). Standardized coding, descriptive statistics, and clustering are applied.

Key practical findings are as follows. First, the baseline ritual-communication layer (campaigns, official rhetoric, and urban visual environment) has become an administrative norm; simply adding more campaigns yields minimal returns. Second, cross-regional differences are driven by the depth of embedding – through visual identity (rebranding) and education (regular formats in schools) – where sustained practices make the decisive contribution. Third, two operative configurations emerge: a ritual-communication model (high visibility without changes to the core regional brand) and an integrative model (rebranding plus systematic educational work), the latter providing the greatest durability. Fourth, weak links – gaps in public-space programming or unstable official communication – disproportionately depress outcomes and are not offset by the sheer number of events. Overall, the SMI functions as a measure of the depth of institutionalization of symbols within the political landscape: to strengthen it, work on identity and educational contours is more effective than multiplying campaigns; to demilitarize the symbolic field, revisit brand elements and soften rigid school practices. The results are suitable for monitoring, benchmarking, and gap audits aligned with budgets and KPIs.

Key words: symbolic politics, federalism, regional identity, memory politics, rebranding, militarization of symbols.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.026

A.I. PETROPOLSKY Graduate Student, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

MODELS OF CORPORATIVISM, GLOBAL REGULATION, NETWORK GOVERNANCE, STAKEHOLDERS, AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC POLICY-MAKING

Introduction: This article examines the participation of models of political interaction between the state and business (corporatism, global regulation, network governance, and stakeholders) popular at the current stage of public-entrepreneurial relations development in public policy-making.

Objective: To determine the degree of participation of non-state actors (corporatism, global regulation, network governance, and stakeholders) in public policy-making.

Objectives: To characterize political models of business-state relations (corporatism, global regulation, network governance, stakeholder-based) and identify the features of models of state-entrepreneurship interaction that most characterize business-state relations in Russia.

Methods: abstraction, deduction, induction, research, description, generalization, synthesis, comparison, and systematization.

Results: Models of political relations between the state and business (corporatism, global regulation, network governance, and stakeholder-based) are examined and outlined.

Conclusions: In recent decades, business has played an increasingly important role in policymaking both nationally and globally. As political actors, companies use lobbying, campaign finance, public relations, and think tanks to advocate for favorable regulatory and legislative outcomes.

Key words: business, small, medium, participation, state, policy, model.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.027

M.V. FANDYUSHIN Project manager, PhD student in the field of «Public administration and sectoral policies» of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia ORCID: 0009-0007-6347-3226 ResearcherID: JAA-9104-2023 SPIN: 9236-6207

ASSESSMENT OF THE PRODUCTION CAPACITIES OF TROLLEYBUS AND TRAM PRODUCTION PLANTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR THE EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPORT

This article examines the issue of matching the actual needs of urban electric transport enterprises in the Russian Federation in updating rolling stock to the technical capabilities of vehicle manufacturing plants. This analysis is necessary for public authorities to assess the existing capacities of factories that produce tramcars and trolleybuses in terms of meeting the needs of electric transport enterprises in the country. The actual fleet of trams and trolleybuses has been studied, and the needs for the purchase of new equipment for the current 2025 and for the period up to 2029 (a five-year period) have been determined. It is determined that the current needs, with an inertial development scenario, stable financing and an even distribution of production for 5 years, will make it possible, without changing the current load on the plants, to completely close the shortage of updated rolling stock and normalize one of the aspects of the operation of electric transport systems in Russia.

Key words: state sectoral transport policy, urban electric transport, transport development, regulatory regulation, tram transport, trolleybus transport.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.028

A.V. LEVSHA Postgraduate student at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, Moscow, Russia

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF REGIONAL MANAGEMENT

This work is intended to specify the priority areas of digitalization of management in the regions of the Russian Federation. The author specifies the issues related to the integration of digital technologies into regional management, identifies their advantages and possible risks. Considering the digital infrastructure, the creation of an e-government system and the use of artificial intelligence in management processes, the author hypothesizes the need to improve both individual tools and the digital management system as a whole.

The publication also conducts a study of regional digital governance models, attempts are made to compare them and determine the most effective ones.

The aim of the work is to differentiate the priority areas of digitalization of management in the regions of the Russian Federation, the object is regional management, the subject is management digitalization tools.

The various mechanisms that contribute to the implementation of the components of digitalization in management activities are analyzed and their main performers are identified. In addition, the differentiation of the directions of digital regional management will make it possible to identify key problems that arise in this regard and may be a serious obstacle to development.

Key words: regional management, digitalization, management tools, digital infrastructure, e-government, digitalization concept, big data system, electronic document management.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.029

S.A. STARUSHKO Postgraduate Student, Department of Political Analysis, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL NARRATIVES IN THE PUBLIC AND LATENT SPHERE OF FORMATION OF STATE STRATEGIES

The development of state strategies involves various symbolic methods for conveying goals and objectives. Alongside normative, ideological, and discursive instruments of state goal-setting symbolization, the use of narratives has become increasingly widespread. Narratives are actively employed in the process of shaping state strategies. Despite the wide array of scholarly approaches, research within the framework of the Narrative Policy Framework is of particular relevance. According to this theory, narratives in the context of state strategy formation are reproduced at the macro, meso, and micro levels. This study examines the role of narratives at each of these levels, thereby clarifying their functional orientation.

Moreover, particular attention is paid to the role of narratives in both internal and external communicative spheres during the development of state strategies. Specifically, the functional characteristics of narrative usage in both the public and latent domains of strategic formulation are elucidated. The study also identifies future prospects for employing narrative constructs in the public sphere of interaction between the state and society, as well as within elite-level interactions. Additionally, the role of narratives in the latent sphere is defined under conditions of high uncertainty in the process of governmental decision-making. The significance of digital technologies particularly artificial intelligence in transmitting the goals and objectives of state strategies is also highlighted.

Key words: State strategies, narratives, elite coalitions, public sphere, latent sphere, latent communications, symbolic politics, Narrative Policy Framework, artificial intelligence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.030

S.A. SAYGUSHINSKAYA Postgraduate student at the Department of Public Policy of the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia ORCID: 0009-0004-9018-4436 SPIN-code: 1117-3440

THE ROLE OF FOREIGN AGENTS IN THE POLITICAL PROCESS: RISKS TO NATIONAL SECURITY AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY

In the modern world the activities of foreign agents in the political sphere have become one of the important topics of public administration and national security. Their presence carries potential threats to the development of political processes. Examples from various countries show that government regulation of the activities of foreign agents requires an integrated approach. The term "foreign agent" in the political context is traditionally associated with individuals or organizations that act in the interests of a foreign source in order to influence domestic political processes. Their activities may include lobbying, information campaigns, organizing social movements, and other forms of political influence. The main risks associated with the activities of foreign agents are following: possible interference in the internal affairs of the country, a threat to national security and the undermining of state sovereignty. Such agents can contribute to the spread of disinformation, undermine public confidence in government institutions and destabilize the political situation. In some cases this leads to increased internal tension and a weakening of state control. The purpose of this article is to analyze the main threats associated with the activities of foreign agents and their impact on government institutions.

Key words: foreign agents, foreign influence, public policy, domestic policy.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.031

E.A. KARGIN Postgraduate student in the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL MODELS OF INTERCIVILIZATIONAL ENCOUNTERS IN THE WORKS OF J. ARNASON AND A.S. PANARIN

The article compares approaches to the consideration of intercivilizational encounters in the concepts of civilization by J. Arnason and A.S. Panarin. The author aims to include the works of the Russian scientist in the context of modern civilizational analysis as an emerging research program, which takes an increasingly strong place in modern political studies, and within which one of the key research areas is the problem of intercivilizational encounters. The scholars under consideration are united in their understanding of civilizations from the point of view of their openness, ability to exchange, mutual penetration and influence. Intercivilizational encounters can take various forms, both fruitful and destructive, and the initiative for it is more often distributed asymmetrically. Both scholars similarly consider the appeal to the past (in the case of Europe to the experience of antiquity, in the case of Russia – to the Byzantine heritage) as one of the forms of intercivilizational encounters. The distinctive feature of A.S. Panarin's concept is emphasizing the role of elites in intercivilizational encounters, highlighting the processes of “mimesis” and “anamnesis”, as well as considering the limitations of intercultural exchange related to the difficulty of transferring deep cultural archetypes. The author concludes that A.S. Panarin's ideas about intercivilizational encounters can be considered as a contribution to the development of modern civilizational analysis.

Key words: intercivilizational encounters, intercivilisational relations, civilizational analysis, intercultural exchange, mimesis, anamnesis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.032

I.M. SHCHERBAKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of International Relations and Integration Processes, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Assistant of the Department of Philosophy, Political Science, Sociology named after G. S. Arefieva NIU MEI, Moscow, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF THE PECULIARITIES OF THE APPLICATION OF THE CIVILIZATIONAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF THE FOREIGN POLICY OF MODERN STATES: REVIEW OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN RESEARCH

At the end of the first quarter of the 21st century, modern international relations are undergoing transformational processes affecting all spheres of society and the state. One of these processes is the actualization of the importance of historical and cultural traditions that have developed in the societies of modern states. These traditions are part of the civilizational specifics of their foreign policy being built by these states. In this review article, based on the material of domestic and foreign studies, the author attempts to analyze the use of the civilizational approach as a method that makes it possible to consider the orientations of political and intellectual elites regarding their place on the international political map. This article uses the methods of discourse analysis and the methodology of system-structural analysis of the foreign policy of states. The specificity of the application of the civilizational approach, with all the diversity of scientific literature existing at the present stage, lies in the presence of unifying and dividing directions. Within the framework of the unifying trend, the role of the state is devalued towards the latter's entry into diverse civilizational worlds, which are a community of countries that are close in socio-cultural terms, while the dividing trend is based on preserving the importance of the state as a source of protection of its historical and cultural traditions, as well as the formation of its «special world» (the space of the state-civilization). On the one hand, the dichotomy of unifying and dividing directions within the framework of the application of the civilizational approach confirms the dominant view in scientific discourse regarding the consideration of the dynamics of state relations in the logic of «West versus Non-West». On the other hand, this dichotomy pushes for a country-wide conceptualization of the concepts of «civilizational identity» and «state-civilization», which are important from the point of view of expanding the research framework for applying the civilizational approach to analyzing the foreign policy of modern states in the future.

Key words: civilizational approach, foreign policy, historical and cultural traditions, civilizational identity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.033

A.L. PROTSENKO PhD Candidate, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

METHODS OF COUNTERING FAKE NEWS IN RUSSIA UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION (A CASE STUDY OF NEWS FROM UKRAINE)

Fake news has become one of the key instruments of information warfare in the era of digital communications. In the context of the Special Military Operation, Russia faces a systematic dissemination of disinformation aimed at discrediting its actions and shaping a negative image in the international community. This article identifies the major types of fake narratives circulated predominantly by Ukrainian and Western media, highlighting Russian strategies to counteract destructive information campaigns. The author proposes a multi-level approach to combat fake news, which encompasses the assessment of legislative measures, the rapid debunking of false information, and the development of fact-checking practices and digital literacy. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of contemporary information warfare dynamics and can be utilized in formulating a more effective state-level information policy.

Key words: fake news, information warfare, disinformation, Special Military Operation, Russia, Ukraine, media platforms, digital literacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.034

LIANG WEIHANG PhD Candidate, Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE POLICY OF “LOOKING EAST” IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THE LOGIC OF CHOICE AND DIFFERENCES IN STRATEGIES

Interest in this topic arises due to the transformation of the regional structure of the Middle East after the U.S. withdrawal from active participation in the governance of the region. The unipolar system, previously characterized by the dominant influence of the United States, has undergone a profound modification, showing signs of transition to a multipolar order. External actors and regional states began to actively form new centers of influence, strengthening their positions in the political arena of the region. Against this background, Middle Eastern countries are increasingly focusing on strengthening bilateral relations and cooperation with China, Russia, Japan, South Korea, India and other countries in order to protect and promote their own interests. Since all these countries are located in the east of the Middle East, such foreign policy and initiative of Middle Eastern countries has been figuratively called “Look East”, which has become a notable phenomenon in the international politics of the Middle East. This term has been widely spread among experts and researchers of international law and international relations, becoming a significant element of modern analysis of the Middle East foreign policy.

The present work aims to build a theoretical framework to examine the key varieties of contemporary Look East policies pursued by Middle Eastern states. Further, taking into account the fundamental goals and limitations of the foreign policy course of these states in relation to the PRC, the study of the internal regularity, which causes the differences in the realization of their “Look East” strategy, is carried out.

Key words: “Look East” Strategy, Middle East countries, Policy towards China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Israel.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.013

K.N. BOBOKHONOV Postgraduate student of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

THE PARADIPLOMACY OF TATARSTAN IN UZBEKISTAN: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS

This article examines the paradiplomatic activities of the Russian Federation in Uzbekistan with a focus on the Republic of Tatarstan. The article examines the dynamics and prospects of bilateral relations, analyzing the development of cultural, economic and educational ties in modern conditions. The main goal is an in-depth analysis of the historical context and results of interaction, as well as prospects for cooperation between Tatarstan and Uzbekistan. The work highlights the role of paradiplomatic initiatives in strengthening bilateral ties, looking at important aspects such as economic cooperation, joint educational projects, and cultural exchanges. Special attention is paid to the challenges and trends faced by actors in the context of changing international politics.

Key words: paradiplomacy, Russia, Uzbekistan, cooperation, education, culture, economy, international relations, subjects of the federation, the Republic of Tatarstan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.035

WANG YUQI Postgraduate student, Faculty of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ANTI-TERRORIST EXERCISES AS A FORM OF SECURITY COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND KYRGYZSTAN

This article summarizes the anti-terrorist exercises in which China and Kyrgyzstan jointly participated, analyzes the features of the anti-terrorist exercises of the two countries, and predicts the direction of development of anti-terrorist exercises of the two countries in the future.

Key words: China, Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia, SCO, terrorism, security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.036

V.I. BULVA Ph.D. (History), employee, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Moscow, Russia

INSTITUTES OF NETWORK DIPLOMACY AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE IN A MULTIPOLAR WORLD

There are several interpretations of the concept of “global governance” depending on the mechanisms that ensure its functioning, namely interstate cooperation, institutional and non-institutionalized formats of interaction. Today, global governance is carried out based on all three of the above-mentioned mechanisms. At the same time, institutions of multilateral diplomacy enjoy particular importance as they represent inclusive platforms for dialogue that make it possible to preserve the political, economic, cultural and civilizational diversity of the world.

The article analyzes the role of one of the elements of multilateral diplomacy – network diplomacy – in strengthening global governance. Network institutions are considered by the author as an auxiliary tool for international cooperation, aimed at reconciling the interests of various parties and coordinating their approaches in relation to various global processes. The study focuses on the flexibility of network formats. This factor facilitates the participation of like-minded states (both as full members and as external partners) and non-governmental actors.

Boosted by external shocks (energy, financial and economic crises), network diplomacy institutions (G7, G20, BRICS) over time transform from anti-crisis resolution mechanisms into full-fledged instruments of global governance. These institutions are beginning to be used not only to maintain contacts between states on specific issues, but also to increase their role in forming and implementing the international agenda. The role of the G20 and BRICS is increasing due to their wide geographic coverage, ensured through the participation of developing states – new political and economic centers of power.

Key words: global governance, network diplomacy, G7, G20, BRICS, multipolar world.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.037

A.A. SMELOV Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration North-West Institute of Management, Saint Petersburg, Russia

COMMON EUROPEAN IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF DONALD TRUMP’S FOREIGN POLICY

The article examines the issue of common European identity consolidation in the context of US foreign policy change with the presidency of D. Trump. The work studies the foundations of common European identity, reveals the phenomenon dynamics factors. The study additionally offers a correlation analysis of contemporary European identity and hybrid warfare against Russia, drastic shift in US support towards Ukrainian government and the notion of Western collectivism, delivers statistical data on the questions of European identity obtained from opinion poll aggregators, including Eurobarometer. The research proposes a classification of European identity contemporary phase, investigates the factor of information war against Russia as the key instrument of development. The study also defines the narratives and rhetoric used by European states to achieve the necessary juxtaposition. It also provides potential scenarios of common European identity phenomenon development in the changing world of international relations. The study is based on contemporary domestic and foreign scientific research, various European states’ and political institutes’ official documents, extracts from domestic and foreign media.

Key words: European identity, Europe, USA, information warfare, hybrid warfare, consolidation, Trump, Ukrainian conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.038

V.A. DANILOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Director of the Center for Applied Analysis of International Transformations RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

E.I. SOBOLEV Student, Department of Theory and History of International Relations RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

M.A. ZINOVIN Postgraduate Student in International Relations of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

CONTEMPORARY IT TECHNOLOGIES AS ONE OF THE TOOLS OF TERRORISM IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The article examines the problem of the use of modern information technologies (IT) by terrorist organizations in the 21st century. The methods and means of using IT for propaganda, recruitment, coordination of actions and the implementation of terrorist acts are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the issues of cyberterrorism, the spread of extremist ideology on the Internet, and the role of social networks in the radicalization of the population. Approaches to countering the use of IT in terrorist activities are proposed.

Key words: IT technologies, terrorism, cyberterrorism, propaganda, recruitment, extremism, information security, counteraction.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.039

I.V. IAREMCHUK Postgraduate student at the Faculty of World Politics at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPACT OF EU AI POLICY ON INNOVATION AND COMMERCIAL COMPETITIVENESS OF EUROPEAN TECH COMPANIES

The focus of the study is on the EU policy and its potential implications for the ecosystem of tech start-ups and mature tech companies when faced with the dilemma of choosing between humans and technology. The aim of this study is to provide a political science analysis of this dilemma, exploring the intersection of regulatory governance, economic strategy and technological sovereignty. The methodology of the study includes a comparative analysis of regulations, an assessment of the positions of key policy actors (European institutions, national governments, lobby groups) and an analysis of economic data reflecting investment activity in the AI sector. It is concluded that there is a real risk that the regulatory approach may create significant barriers to entry, especially for European start-ups, and discourage potential investors, thereby undermining the pace of technological development. On the other hand, if the EU succeeds in implementing its strategy, it could create a sustainable competitive niche and make “Made in Europe” synonymous with safe, secure and ethical AI, which in turn could provide European companies with a long-term comparative advantage in markets where consumers and businesses value predictability and a high degree of certainty.

Key words: technological sovereignty, regulatory leadership, Brussels effect, statism, libertarianism, regulatory policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.040

V.A. PRIVALOV Graduate student at Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

CONTRADICTIONS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SELF-DETERMINATION AND TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY IN MODERN INTERNATIONAL LAW BY EXAMPLE THE NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT

The article discusses the key principles of international law concerning the right of peoples to self-determination and the principle of territorial integrity. The author explores their interrelationship, possible contradictions and ways to achieve a balance in their implementation in practice. Special attention is paid to legal and political aspects in resolving conflict situations, such as the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. The paper also examines the limitations associated with the use of the right to self-determination, and identifies the conditions under which its implementation can be balanced.

Key words: international law, right to self-determination, territorial integrity, conflicts, principles of international legal regulation, international acts, Nagorno-Karabakh, "jus cogens", sovereignty, principle of non-interference, territorial integrity, decolonization, status quo.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.041

LI QIAN Applicant, Department of Foreign Policy of Russia and the CIS Countries, Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE UN IN AFRICA

This article, based on a comparative analysis of the approaches of the Russian Federation and the PRC to participation in UN peacekeeping operations (PKO) in Africa, is aimed at identifying the specifics of their actions, identifying both points of contact and significant differences. The results obtained will allow us to better understand the goals of peacekeeping activities of the two states, clearly formulate their positions in this area, and assess their role in ensuring security in Africa.

Key word: Africa, peacekeeping operation (PKO), UN, Russia, China, African Union, conflicts, peacekeeping, security, cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.017

YAN RONG Postgraduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MAIN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION IN THE POST-PANDEMIC PERIOD

Currently, after overcoming the problems of the pandemic, there is a tendency towards a multipolarity of modern society. In this regard, it is relevant and important to study the activities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), an organization that plays an important role in uniting Europe and Asia.

In this study, the authors attempt to critically examine the main trends in the development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the post-pandemic period; consider the problems of creating national coordination centers of the SCO; reveal the issues of maintaining the Eurasian geopolitical balance; study the development goals and present the trends in the functioning of the SCO in the period after the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the course of his work, the author drew attention to the steady growth and strengthening of the bipolar balance of power between China and Russia, which is ensured by the intensification of the activities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. In addition, it is noted that in the post-pandemic period, the organization is becoming a center of power, promoting a multipolar world and a new international order by strengthening regionalization. The key principles of the SCO remain mutual trust, integration and balance of interests, which enables the organization to play a key role in maintaining the stability and security of Eurasia, in shaping the global political and economic architecture of the future. The author attributes the deepening of economic cooperation through the implementation of joint infrastructure projects, expansion of political dialogue on regional security issues, development of new formats of interaction in science, education and culture, strengthening the role of the organization in the global system of international relations to the main trends in the development of the SCO in the post-pandemic period.

Key words: Shanghai Cooperation Organization, COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitics, regional government, small Eurasian integration, economic integration, sustainable development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.042

WANG YUQI Postgraduate Student, Faculty of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

REFLECTION OF CHINA'S SECURITY CONCEPT IN CHINESE-KYRGYZ COOPERATION

This article examines the concept of national security of the PRC and its implementation in Chinese-Kyrgyz cooperation. It analyzes how China can achieve its interests and ensure national security through peaceful mutually beneficial cooperation with Kyrgyzstan. In conclusion, a conclusion is made about the characteristics of ensuring China's national security through cooperation with Kyrgyzstan.

Key words: Chinese-Kyrgyz relations, international cooperation, national security, non-traditional security, One Belt One Road, China, Kyrgyzstan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.043

GUNG TINGTING Candidate for the Degree of Candidate of Political Sciences in the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION AND CHINA: FORMING A STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP UNDER SANCTIONS PRESSURE

This article examines the formation of strategic partnership between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) member states and the People's Republic of China (PRC) amid increasing Western sanctions pressure. The study analyzes key areas of trade and economic convergence, intensification of political-diplomatic contacts, institutional aspects of coordination within the EAEU framework, and China's influence on the union's internal decision-making processes. The research employs comparative analysis, content analysis of regulatory documents, expert assessments, and case studies of specific cooperation projects. Drawing on official data from the Eurasian Economic Commission, Eurasian Development Bank, national ministries, and analytical centers, the study demonstrates that sanctions have accelerated the EAEU countries' reorientation toward China as their primary foreign economic and political partner. Key risks of this partnership are identified, including economic dependence, technological vulnerability, and political-institutional disagreements within the union. The article emphasizes the need for a balanced cooperation strategy with China to ensure the sustainability of Eurasian integration.

Key words: PRC, EAEU, sanctions pressure, political and economic interaction, integration processes, sovereignty, Eurasian diplomacy, Chinese factor.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.044

M.S. KOZYREVA Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia SPIN code: 1558-7600

LATIN AMERICAN STATES TAX POLICY AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR CONTAINING GLOBAL PROBLEMS (USING THE TRANSPORT SECTOR AS AN EXAMPLE)

Climate is a long-term weather regime established in a particular region. In recent decades, climatologists have recorded a significant increase in the average annual temperature on the planet. The problems of modern climate change, especially rapid in recent decades, are increasingly troubling the world community, making this issue a key element of the global environmental problem. Particular attention in the context of environmental, in particular climate, threats is focused on developing countries. The process of increasing their economic potential is associated with active industrialization and environmental pollution. At the same time, the forms of supranational regulation for this category of countries in the field of ecology remain quite flexible. This category also includes Latin American countries, which actualizes the study of the mechanisms of "green" policy in these countries. Among the variety of approaches, the "polluter pays" principle deserves special attention, which can be implemented through taxes. These circumstances determine the purpose of the study – to identify the features of the application of tax policy in Latin American countries to contain the global environmental problem using the example of the transport sector. For its implementation, an extensive layer of statistical materials was involved and a comparative analysis of the experience of states in various subregions of Latin America was used. This toolkit helped to identify the contradictory nature of tax approaches of states in the transport sector for the implementation of "green" policy. The strategies chosen by the Dominican Republic, Ecuador and Chile have a significant number of exceptions and concessions, tax rates remain low. This situation is due to the need for Latin American states to balance between economic benefits and environmental policy.

Key words: Latin America, ecology, taxes, transport, environment, climate change.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.045

LIU KANGXIN Postgraduate Student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

A.M. KULIKOV PhD in History, Associate Professor, Department of Regional Problems of World Politics Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

A STUDY OF EAST ASIAN GEOPOLITICS UNDER THE DUAL INFLUENCE OF NATO'S “PIVOT TO ASIA” AND RUSSIA'S “EASTERN COURSE”

This article analyzes key transformations in the geopolitical situation in East Asia in 2023-2025 caused by NATO's unidirectional “pivot to the Asia-Pacific region” and Russia's parallel strengthening of its “eastern course.” It examines NATO's doctrinal foundations, institutional initiatives, and political practices for strengthening its presence in the region in the context of the growing role of China and Japan. The objectives and stages of Russia's pivot to the East strategy are examined, as well as the political and economic consequences of the intersection of Euro-Atlantic and Russian policy vectors in East Asia. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of new forms of cooperation, the characteristics of partnerships (Japan-NATO, Russia-China, etc.), as well as the risks of escalating regional conflicts and their impact on regional security.

Key words: East Asia, NATO, Asia-Pacific region, geopolitics, Russia's Eastern policy, Russia and China, security, strategic partnership, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.021

YAN RONG Postgraduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT TRENDS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The relevance of the study is determined by the changes in international relations and multilateral cooperation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which makes the analysis of the transformation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) especially important. The purpose of this article is to study the development trends of the SCO in the context of the global crisis. The study uses qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis, including the analysis of official documents, media publications and expert opinions.

The results of the study show that after the pandemic, there is a balance within the SCO between a possible Russian-Indian alliance and the growing economic power of China. At the same time, the dependence of the Central Asian countries on China has increased, which emphasizes the importance of their interaction. The SCO has established itself as a regional association that promotes joint development and strengthens stability. Also, the close cooperation between China and the SCO countries is due to the fact that the Chinese government and researchers are striving to create a “community of shared future of the SCO”, with the ultimate goal being the institutionalization of Eurasian integration. In general, the study demonstrates the adaptability of the SCO to new challenges and emphasizes the importance of a multilateral approach in the context of global crises.

Key words: Shanghai Cooperation Organization, COVID-19 pandemic, Eurasian integration, political stability, economic cooperation, regional security, Central Asian countries, international relations, economic cooperation, geopolitical challenges.

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.123.6.046

V.K. MEDVEDEVA PhD in Political Science, Scientific Editor, Nauka Segodnya Publishing House, Moscow, Russia

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief, Nauka Segodnya Publishing House, Moscow, Russia

POST-SOVIET STATES OF CENTRAL ASIA: FORMING A MODERN MODEL OF COOPERATION WITH RUSSIA

This review article, based on articles by Russian and foreign authors published in recent years in peer-reviewed journals listed by the Higher Attestation Commission (HAC), analyzes the challenges of developing a modern model of post-Soviet cooperation between Central Asian states and Russia, as well as issues of ensuring regional security in Central Asian countries. Attention is also drawn to the intersection of interests between Russia and China in the post-Soviet Eurasian space in the creation of economic, military-political alliances, and interstate associations. The article describes the functioning and role of the EAEU, CSTO, and SCO in creating a new model of international cooperation, regional security, and the development of Eurasian integration.

Key words: post-Soviet countries, Central Asia, EAEU, CSTO, SCO, economic cooperation, military-political associations, Eurasian integration, regional security, Russian-Chinese relations.

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