№ 5 (122), 2025

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 15. Issue 5 (122), 2025

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Kozhevina V.A., Ivanov V.V. Stalin's Industrialization
Makarov K.D., Kovalev D.A., Filatov A.V. Ulyanovsk Regional Council of Trade Unions in 1969-1970: Current Issues and their Solutions
Sinitsyn O.V. Educational Potential of Historiography in the School History Course
Tochieva M.B. From Peaceful Creation to Military Necessity: the Restructuring of Industry and Agriculture in the USSR During the Great Patriotic War
Uporov I.V. Strengthening the Law in the Sphere of Penitentiary Policy of the Soviet State after the Death of Stalin
Moiseenko A.Yu. A Brief Overview of the Way of Life, Traditions and Customs of the Inhabitants of the North Caucasus According to the Descriptions of Some Russian Travelers of the XIX Century
Molchanova T.V. "On Intangible Cultural Heritage" (2011)" – 15 Years Have Passed Since the Day of Adoption of the Law
Ptashko T.G., Perebeynos A.E., Trofimova N.V., Pavlenko E.F. Amateur Theatres in the Everyday Life of the Ural Population in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries
Zhi Yong. A Studies on Chinese Mongols' Naadam Culture from the Point of Symbolic Anthropology
Anikin S.A. Trading Activity in the Simbirsk Province in the Middle of the 19th Century

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Bulygin F.V. The Role of Artifical Intelligence in Shaping Political Identity

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Melnichuk D.V. Terminological Policy of the Russian Empire as an Instrument of Administrative Governance: Using the Concepts of "Little Russia," "Ukraine," and "New Russia" as Examples
Murtazin R.A. Geopolitical Portrait of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Russian-Language Media
Schefer A.A. Conceptual Models of Government in the Discourse of the Russian Communist Parties

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Levsha A.V. Political Instruments for Implementing the Concept of Digitalization of Public Administration

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Veliyev R.R. Turkey’s Policy in the South Caucasus: Influence on the Strategic Partnership Between Russia and Azerbaijan
Pospelov N.V. Relations Between Russia and Turkey in the Context of the Acceptance of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014
Fedorenko V.I. The Future of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Possible Development Paradigms
Kuliev A.A., Veliev R.R. Comparative Analysis of Political Leadership in Azerbaijan And Turkey
Iakhnis E.A. China's Assistance to the Sustainable Development of Latin American Countries

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

Medvedeva V.K., Medvedev N.P. Social Policy of the State in the Conditions of Economic Sanctions. Part One

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.001

V.A. KOZHEVINA Student, Irkutsk State Agrarian University named after A.A. Ezhevsky, Molodezhny, Irkutsk region, Russia

V.V. IVANOV Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor of the Department of Philosophy, Sociology and History, Irkutsk State Agrarian University named after A.A. Ezhevsky, Molodezhny, Irkutsk region, Russia

STALIN'S INDUSTRIALIZATION

The article is devoted to the study of the process of Stalin's industrialization in the USSR in the late 1920s - early 1930s. It is shown that the Russian Empire and the USSR of the 1920s were agrarian states and lagged behind the advanced Western countries in terms of the level of development of heavy industry. The main source of industrialization was food, which was taken from the village during collectivization. Industrialization was accompanied by mass labor enthusiasm. Prison labor was actively used. As a result of industrialization, the USSR began to turn into an industrial power and came out on the second place in the world in terms of the main indicators of development of heavy industry.

Key words: industrialization, collectivization, USSR, Stalinism, industry, five-year plans.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.002

K.D. MAKAROV Master's student of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

D.A. KOVALEV Master's student of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

A.V. FILATOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

Academic Supervisor:

R.A. MUKHAMEDOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

ULYANOVSK REGIONAL COUNCIL OF TRADE UNIONS IN 1969-1970: CURRENT ISSUES AND THEIR SOLUTIONS

This article is based on the materials of the State Archive of the Modern History of the Ulyanovsk Region, which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, and is devoted to the work of the Ulyanovsk Regional Council of Trade Unions in 1969-1970. 1969 and 1970 are very significant in the history of the city of Ulyanovsk, since in 1970 the city and region hosted celebratory events associated with the centenary of the birth of V.I. Lenin, whose birthplace is the city of Ulyanovsk, and, accordingly, in 1969 the Ulyanovsk Region was actively preparing for these events. Trade union organizations of the Ulyanovsk Region, and, in particular, the Regional Council of Trade Unions, took the most active part in preparing the region for the celebratory events that took place in 1970. The most significant event in the Ulyanovsk region on the eve of the centenary of the organizer of the October Revolution, in the organization of which the Ulyanovsk Regional Council of Trade Unions took part, was the socialist competition called "One Hundred Days of Lenin's Labor Watch". This article examines the activities of the Ulyanovsk Regional Council of Trade Unions, both related to the preparation of the region for the centenary of V.I. Lenin's birth and not related to this event. The article, in particular, tells about the participation of the Regional Council of Trade Unions in the organization of the socialist competition "One Hundred Days of Lenin's Labor Watch". The article also examines issues related to the daily work of the Regional Council of Trade Unions of the Ulyanovsk Region. Thus, the article provides data on the consideration of complaints received by the Ulyanovsk Regional Council of Trade Unions in 1969 and 1970.

Key words: Ulyanovsk region, Trade unions, Trade unions, One hundred days of Lenin's labor watch, Socialist competition, Ulyanovsk regional council of trade unions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.003

O.V. SINITSYN Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Historical and Social Science Education of the Institute of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL OF HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE SCHOOL HISTORY COURSE

The article characterizes the urgent need to form students' historiographic knowledge in the system of modern school historical education in Russia, which is dictated by the needs for schoolchildren to develop the ability to consider events and phenomena of the past and present, using the methods of historical analysis (comparison and generalization of facts, disclosure of causal relationships, goals, results of people's activities, etc.), apply historical knowledge when considering and evaluating modern events. The degree of inclusion of historiographic materials in modern school history textbooks and the creation of methodological conditions for organizing historical and cognitive activities of students with historiographic sources are shown. The fundamental importance of the historiographic competence of modern history teachers and the targeted training in this regard of bachelors and masters in the direction of Pedagogical education of the "History" profile is substantiated.

Key words: historiography, historical education, secondary school, history textbook, Russian history, education levels, pedagogical education, history teacher.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.004

M.B. TOCHIEVA Ph.D. in Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of National History, Ingush State University, Magas, Russia

FROM PEACEFUL CREATION TO MILITARY NECESSITY: THE RESTRUCTURING OF INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE IN THE USSR DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

The article is devoted to the study of the fundamental changes that took place in industry and agriculture of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War, which were caused by the need to transfer industry and agriculture to military rails. Special attention is paid not only to economic transformations, but also to social aspects, including labor protection in wartime conditions. The story of a tractor mechanic from Malgobek is given as a vivid example of the heroism and dedication of the Soviet people in the rear, who made an invaluable contribution to the overall Victory.

Key words: the Great Patriotic War, the transfer of the economy to military rails, the evacuation of enterprises, enterprises, factories, mobilization, labor protection, Malgobekneft, tractors, V. Mamtsov.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.005

I.V. UPOROV D.Sc. (Hist.), Ph.D. (Law), Professor Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Krasnodar, Russia

STRENGTHENING THE LAW IN THE SPHERE OF PENITENTIARY POLICY OF THE SOVIET STATE AFTER THE DEATH OF STALIN

The article examines the specifics of the process of strengthening the law in the activities of the correctional labor system of the Soviet state after Stalin's death from a political and legal perspective. This approach generally reflected the transformation of the domestic policy of the USSR during the "thaw" period (mid-1950s – early 1960s). The article analyzes documents of the CPSU Central Committee, legislative and departmental acts, archival documents, as well as scientific publications that address the stated topic. It is noted that by that time, many problems had accumulated in the penitentiary policy related to the actual dominance of the economic component in the functioning of the GULAG, which involved the use of cheap labor of prisoners, which contradicted the formal legal norms on the need to consider the main task of the correctional labor camps to be their correction and re-education. Stalin's death became the impetus for the beginning of the process of strengthening the rule of law, and the beginning was laid by decisions of the Central Committee of the CPSU and departmental acts of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1954, a decision was also made to abolish special camps and the Special Conference under the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, later the process was intensified, special camps were liquidated, the abbreviation GULAG disappeared, supervisory commissions were established, which allowed the correctional labor camp system to be opened up to society, and by the end of the 1950s. In general, legislative regulation of the process of softening criminal policy and greater humanization in the activities of correctional labor institutions was completed.

Key words: Soviet state, Stalin, penitentiary policy, camps, colonies, prisoners, legality.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.006

A.Yu. MOISEENKO Assistant Professor, Department of Russian History, North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Russia

A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE WAY OF LIFE, TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS ACCORDING TO THE DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME RUSSIAN TRAVELERS OF THE XIX CENTURY

The article provides a brief overview of the way of life, traditions and customs of the inhabitants of the North Caucasus according to the descriptions of Russian travelers of the XIX century. In their works, materials are presented that personally recorded, witnessed the events of that time or received data from the stories of local residents. The article briefly analyzes how the appearance of residents differed depending on their origin, what punishment could be incurred for violating customs, horsemanship and robbery as the main custom of local residents, which was accompanied on the one hand by raids that performed tasks, and on the other hand with the aim of obtaining loot, as well as with the purpose of from a blood family. The paper also examines the impact of natural and climatic conditions on the lifestyle of the indigenous inhabitants of the Caucasus, their hospitality, the external and internal appearance of their homes, as well as some other new types of activities. This statistic is important for a brief analysis of the lifestyle of the local population of the Caucasus, which must be taken into account when studying the culture of local residents, as well as for establishing contacts and stable relations between the attached part of the Caucasus and the Russian Empire.

Key words: Russian travelers of the XIX century, Caucasus, life, customs, traditions, horsemanship, mountain dwellers, appearance of local residents.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.007

T.V. MOLCHANOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Regional Studies, St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after prof. M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, St. Petersburg, Russia

"ON INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE" (2011)" – 15 YEARS HAVE PASSED SINCE THE DAY OF ADOPTION OF THE LAW

The issue of preserving intangible cultural heritage is currently of great importance in the matter of ethnic identification and strengthening national self-awareness. In this regard, the attention of various states to this activity, which is expressed in informal cultural forms, is obvious. The interest of the PRC in preserving its own cultural heritage is expressed not only in the ratification of UNESCO legal acts, but also in the development of its own legislation. The extensive experience of local ethnic communities, in turn, proves the concern of the people in preserving not only the material, but also the spiritual aspects of millennial cultural practice.

Key words: intangible cultural heritage, UNESCO, laws of the People's Republic of China, cultural traditions, Chinese New Year, updating, folk culture, cultural projects.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.008

T.G. PTASHKO Сandidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Assistant professor, Social work, Pedagogics and Psychology Department, Southern Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

A.E. PEREBEYNOS Candidate of Historical Sciences, Assistant professor, General History Department , Southern Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

N.V. TROFIMOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer at the Department of General History, South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

E.F. PAVLENKO Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Social Work, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

AMATEUR THEATRES IN THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE URAL POPULATION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

Organization of cultural education of the population is an important direction of the state social policy. The demands of society are aimed at developing cultural literacy in people, which is an indicator of the level of civilization of society as a whole. Art occupies one of the leading places in solving this issue. Theaters provide an opportunity to expand the horizons of the viewer, to convey to a person's consciousness an understanding of the played out life situations, behavior patterns, subsequently transferred to everyday life.

The issue under study has historical roots, the study of which allows us to understand the role of art in raising the cultural level of the population. Research objectives: to reveal the issue of the development of amateur performances in the Urals in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, to characterize the features of their activities, which are charitable in nature and aimed at helping those in need, to reveal the role of amateur performances in the prevention of deviant phenomena among the population, to identify issues of difficulties and shortcomings in the activities of amateur theaters.

Research methods: system analysis, generalization. Research period: the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries.

Results: it was determined that a tradition was being formed in the activities of amateur drama theaters in the Urals – to give charity performances. The collected funds were used to repair and build schools, hospitals, shelters, churches, support the poor and starving. A new phenomenon was discovered – the organization of a Muslim drama section, the task of which was to organize performances by Muslim forces in the Tatar language. Performances of amateur groups contributed to a decrease in the number of drunks, rowdies, the theater distracted factory youth from unreasonable pastime, drunkenness and fights. Among the identified shortcomings in the activities of theaters were the insufficient number of productions, the disorganization of premises.

Conclusion: the description of the issue of organizing the increase of the cultural level of the population through the activities of amateur theaters in the Urals in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries allows us to study the experience and state that it can be used in modern conditions for the purpose of working on the cultural education of the population.

Key words: theater, amateur theater, education, everyday life of the population.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.009

ZHI YONG PhD student of the specialty "Ethnology, Anthropology and Ethnography" of the Institute of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Federal University, Kazan, Russia

A STUDIES ON CHINESE MONGOLS' NAADAM CULTURE FROM THE POINT OF SYMBOLIC ANTHROPOLOGY

This paper conducts an in-depth study of Mongolian Naadam culture in the People's Republic of China from the perspective of symbolic anthropology. As the most representative traditional festival of the Mongolian people, Naadam is not only a concentrated manifestation of Mongolian culture, but also an important window for studying minority cultures. Naadam culture contains many symbols, including material, behavioral and linguistic symbols, which together constitute the unique worldview and value system of the Mongolians. In recent years, with the acceleration of globalization and the development of modernization, Naadam culture is faced with the dual problem of inheritance and innovation.

Objective: Based on the perspective of symbolic anthropology, this study aims to deeply explore the symbolic meanings and their social functions in Naadam culture, and create new theoretical perspectives for understanding Mongolian culture.

Methods: This study used fieldwork and literature review.

Results: The study showed that Naadam culture is rich in symbols, including material, behavioral, and linguistic symbols, which together form a unique Mongolian worldview and value system. Naadam is not only a concentrated manifestation of Mongolian traditional culture, but also an important link in maintaining Mongolian social relations and transmitting national culture. In modern society, Naadam culture has undergone significant changes, but its key position as a symbol of Mongolian culture has remained unchanged.

Conclusions: This study not only deepens the understanding of Naadam culture, but also offers new ideas for preserving and developing the traditional culture of ethnic minorities. Through Naadam, Mongolian peoples were able to transmit their culture, strengthen their identity, and gain cultural confidence in modern society.

Key words: symbolic anthropology, Mongols, naadam culture, symbols, cultural heritage, cultural change.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.010

S.A. ANIKIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Humanities and Socio-Economic Disciplines, Ulyanovsk Institute of Civil Aviation named after Chief Marshal of Aviation B.P. Bugaev, Ulyanovsk, Russia

TRADING ACTIVITY IN THE SIMBIRSK PROVINCE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 19TH CENTURY

The article examines the history of trade development in the Siberian province in the middle of the 19th century and its gradual incorporation into national and international trade. The article clearly describes the specifics of the development of trade in the province, which depended on the natural and historical features of the region. During a detailed study of the agricultural and manufacturing industry of the region, the goods that were imported into and exported from the province were clearly identified and described in detail, and their importance in trade was emphasized. The main goods exported from Simbirsk province were bread and some agricultural products. Due to the fact that the majority of the population's needs were met by local goods, the range of imported goods was insignificant. These are mainly manufactured products and materials for factories, such as iron, wool, and machinery. Over time, capital accumulates in the region, which has influenced the growth of demand for colonial and manufactured goods. However, despite the fact that wealth is growing in the province, it is impossible not to notice the lack of cash, especially in settlements far from marinas and places of trade. This is due to the fact that until the end of the 60s of the XIX century, the bulk of the grain was concentrated in the hands of the landlords. Consequently, the greatest benefit from the export of grain and agricultural products from the province went to the noble class. The article also examines the overland movement of goods in the province. Simbirsk province had an extensive road system. The overland trade movement within the province, which manifested itself, especially in winter, was very diverse. The presence in Simbirsk province of the important navigable rivers Volga and Sura contributed to its division into two trading systems: Volga and Sura.

Key words: trade activities, Simbirsk province, overland trade routes, Sur trade system.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.011

F.V. BULYGIN PhD student of the Chair of Political Science of Moscow State Pedagogical Unuversity Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE IN SHAPING POLITICAL IDENTITY

The modern dynamics of globalization processes poses several challenges to the world scientific community associated with the active introduction of artificial intelligence into the socio-political environment. In this regard, leading expert and analytical centers concentrate on studies of the phenomenon of artificial intelligence, determining the possibilities and boundaries of application, its role in the transformation of value-target guidelines of subjects of political relations.

The author in this article analyzes theoretical sources that consider artificial intelligence technologies that influence political consciousness and political identity.

Key words: artificial intelligence, political identity, shadow agents of influence, socio-political communication, political consciousness, state, society.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.012

D.V. MELNICHUK Graduate of the Russian State Humanities University (RSUH), Moscow, Russia

Scientific supervisor:

M.N. GRACHEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Theoretical and Applied Political Science Faculty of International Relations, Political Science and Foreign Regional Studies of the Historical and Archival Institute of the Russian State Humanities University (RSUH), Moscow, Russia

TERMINOLOGICAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE GOVERNANCE: USING THE CONCEPTS OF "LITTLE RUSSIA," "UKRAINE," AND "NEW RUSSIA" AS EXAMPLES

The article analyzes the historical evolution of the term "Ukraine" and related concepts in the context of political and territorial transformations of the region. It examines the etymology of the word "Ukraine," derived from the East Slavic "u-kraina" (borderland), and its usage across different historical periods. The transformation of the concept's meaning from a geographical designation of border territories to a politically charged term is explored. The article analyzes historically and geographically parallel names for the region: "Little Russia," "Hetmanate," "Slobozhanshchina," and "New Russia." Special attention is given to the administrative-territorial division of Ukrainian lands within the Russian Empire and the formation of regional identity in the context of imperial policy. The article traces the evolution of ethnic identification of the region's population and the emergence of the "Ukrainian project" as an alternative to the all-Russian identity.

Key words: Ukraine, Little Russia, historical terminology, borderland, territorial-administrative division, ethnic identity, Russian Empire, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Ukrainian project, regional identity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.013

R.A. MURTAZIN Candidate of Pedagogic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL PORTRAIT OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN IN RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE MEDIA

The representation of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Russian-language mass media space is of strategic importance. Since its inception, Iran's geographic location has always determined the interest of not only those states located on the Eurasian continent, but also other states that are superpowers, since Iran occupies a strategic importance in the "layout" of political and economic forces in the Middle East. Cooperation between Russia and Iran allows strengthening the positions of states in the Middle East. Iran, as a center of influence from the United States, has long been under the influence of sanctions, and for the current situation in Russia, Iran is one of the examples of survival under the yoke of sanctions. In modern realities, Russia's economic and military cooperation with Iran causes concern among other superpowers. This is accompanied by Iran's active search for its own national identity, which is also reflected in public consciousness. The geopolitical portrait of Iran as a country leading the "Iranian world" is more important today than ever. In connection with these aspects, the portrait of Iran, which is taking shape in the mass media reality of Russia, arouses the author’s justified interest, as does the strategy for creating this portrait.

Key words: Russian-Iranian relations, Iran, mass media, political portrait.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.014

А.А. SCHEFER Post-graduate student at the Chair of Russian politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CONCEPTUAL MODELS OF GOVERNMENT IN THE DISCOURSE OF THE RUSSIAN COMMUNIST PARTIES

The article is devoted to the analysis of state-building projects described in their programs by the Communist parties of modern Russia. The two largest Russian Communist parties, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, were chosen as the objects of research. The method of comparative content analysis revealed the main provisions of these programs: the Communist Party of the Russian Federation over the 30 years of its existence has greatly changed its discourse from classical Marxism-Leninism towards centrism – the program included the thesis of the permissibility of private property, political pluralism, the primacy of preserving the Russian people, etc. Since its foundation, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation has ideologically always opposed itself to the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and it was reflected in its program: the party stands from the standpoint of hard Stalinism, i.e. for the establishment of a one-party system, the nationalization of most sectors of the economy, and the purge of government structures from representatives of the current political establishment. Nevertheless, in recent years, this party has begun to make certain concessions, in particular, in the latest edition of the program "Communists of Russia" allowed the freedom of small and medium–sized businesses. In conclusion, it is concluded that despite the growing popularity of socialist ideas in Russian society, the level of support for communist factions is falling. This trend is primarily caused by the inefficiency of campaigning and working with the media.

Key words: Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, socialism, party program, state planning.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.015

A.V. LEVSHA Postgraduate student at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE CONCEPT OF DIGITALIZATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

In the publication, the author examines modern political tools aimed at implementing the concept of digitalization of public administration. The article examines the theoretical foundations of the organization of management using digital tools and how they are politically fixed in practice. The process of digital transformation in the whole society does not go unnoticed and affects almost all spheres of life, without bypassing the political space. The author analyzes the political instruments that contribute to the integration of digital technologies into public administration, identifies the risks of such activities and potential ways to minimize them. Studying the specifics of digital governance in Russian society, the author attempts to develop recommendations for optimizing this process.

The purpose of the work is to specify the political instruments of the concept of digitalization in the public administration of the Russian Federation. The object is the process of digital transformation of state policy, the subject is political instruments for the implementation of digital technologies.

Key words: public administration, digitalization, policy effectiveness, digital sovereignty, digital transformation, political practice, management organization.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.016

R.R. VELIYEV Post-graduate student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

TURKEY’S POLICY IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS: INFLUENCE ON THE STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN RUSSIA AND AZERBAIJAN

This article presents a comprehensive study of Turkey’s policy in Azerbaijan, examining its historical background, legal foundations, contemporary manifestations, and influence on the strategic partnership with Russia. The objective of this research is to identify the key factors driving Turkey’s increasing presence in this part of the post-Soviet space, analyze Ankara’s ties with Azerbaijan, and determine how these processes affect Russian-Azerbaijani relations. Based on official documents, statistical data, academic publications, and analytical reports from international organizations, the study explores the evolution of Turkish foreign policy from the Ottoman Empire era to its gradual consolidation in Azerbaijan. The research employs geopolitical and comparative analysis methods, as well as content analysis of official doctrines. The scientific novelty lies in a holistic assessment of Ankara’s policy influence on the formation of regional security mechanisms and the balance of power in Moscow-Baku relations. The main findings confirm that Turkey’s growing activity in the fields of energy, military cooperation, and political diplomacy is transforming the strategic partnership between Russia and Azerbaijan, prompting both parties to adjust their strategic priorities. In the long run, the ability of regional actors to engage in multilateral dialogue and consider mutual interests will be key to establishing a stable security system.

Key words: Turkey in Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan geopolitics, Turkish-Azerbaijani relations, strategic partnership between Russia and Azerbaijan, Turkey’s energy policy, military-political cooperation between Turkey and Azerbaijan, economic cooperation, regional security in the context of Turkish influence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.017

N.V. POSPELOV Graduate of Postgraduate of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia SPIN: 8043-9170 ORCID: 0000-0002-2225-6774

Scientific supervisor:

R.N. SHANGARAEV Candidate of Economic Sciences, Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA IN 2014

The article examines the interaction between the two countries after Crimea’s accession to Russia. This problem is of great importance for maintaining contacts between Moscow and Ankara at the present stage. Based on the works of Russian and Turkish researchers, the author attempted to identify the factors that contributed to the revision of the foreign policy course of Russia and Turkey in the conditions of geopolitical instability. The purpose of the article is to consider the relations of the two countries in connection with the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in March of 2014. During the writing of this paper the historical method was applied to understand the regularity of the emergence of disagreements between Moscow and Ankara. The main conclusion reached by the author is the need for Russia and Turkey to reconsider their attitude towards each other in Crimea.

Key words: Crimean Peninsula, Russia, Turkey, Crimean Tatars.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.018

V.I. FEDORENKO PhD student at Ufa University of Science and Technology, The Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Political Science and Public Relations, Ufa, Russia

THE FUTURE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT PARADIGMS

The article is dedicated to the analysis of current political processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), specifically the ethnopolitical contradictions that emerged as a result of the breakup of Yugoslavia and were consolidated in the Dayton Peace Agreement of 1995. The events that occurred after the conviction of the President of the Republic of Srpska (RS), M. Dodik, in 2025, are considered as a sign of the deepening political crisis. The article analyzes potential scenarios for the future development of the situation in BiH, including the conservation of the conflict, a forceful response to political instability, and the disintegration of the state. Special attention is given to the role of international actors such as Russia, the USA, the EU, and NATO, as well as the reactions of neighboring countries to the internal political processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In conclusion, the article presents the most likely scenario for stabilization, maintaining territorial integrity, but with further crises and international intervention.

Key words: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dayton Agreements, ethnopolitics, state structure, international intervention, Balkans.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.019

A.A. KULIEV PhD student at Peoples' Friendship University of Russia them. Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

R.R. VELIEV PhD student at Peoples' Friendship University of Russia them. Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN AZERBAIJAN AND TURKEY

This study conducts a comparative analysis of approaches to political leadership in Azerbaijan and Turkey. Using historical and comparative methods, the authors examine the evolution of leadership in these countries, paying particular attention to the period after the collapse of the USSR in Azerbaijan and the Kemalist era in Turkey. The management styles of key political figures such as Abulfaz Elchibey, Heydar Aliyev, and Ilham Aliyev in Azerbaijan, as well as Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Turkey, are analyzed. Special attention is given to how the individual characteristics of leaders and historical context influence their political strategies. The study explores political leadership strategies, including the use of military and economic cooperation as instruments of influence. The article is based on the analysis of scholarly sources and current research on this topic.

Key words: political leadership, leadership strategies, military cooperation, economic cooperation, comparative analysis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.020

E.A. IAKHNIS Postgraduate student, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S ASSISTANCE TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES

In the context of the Belt and Road Initiative and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, this article examines the current agenda of the People's Republic of China to promote sustainable development in Latin America. It analyses the strategic directions of Sino-Latin American cooperation, focusing on infrastructure projects, renewable energy and technology exchange. Through the concept of the Green Silk Road, which integrates the principles of environmental responsibility and sustainable development, the author highlights the evolution of China's approach to international cooperation The study pays special attention to the environmental dimension of Chinese initiatives focused on alternative energy development, electrification of transportation systems, and green infrastructure in the countries of the region. As a representative model of bilateral interaction, the study examines the PRC's cooperation with the Republic of Panama after the establishment of diplomatic relations in 2017, including projects on the environmental modernization of the Panama Canal and the development of sustainable transport and logistics. The complexity of the geopolitical context of international cooperation, the impact of external factors on bilateral relations and the need for adaptive development strategies are illustrated by the example of cooperation with Panama.

Key words: Sino-Latin American relations, Belt and Road Initiative, Sustainable development, Infrastructure investments, Environmental sustainability, Strategic partnership.

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.122.5.021

V.K. MEDVEDEVA Candidate of political sciences, scientific editor of the publishing house "Science today", Moscow, Russia

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of political sciences, professor, editor-in-chief of the publishing house "Science today", Moscow, Russia

SOCIAL POLICY OF THE STATE IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS PART ONE

In the analytical review of studies and publications of Russian and foreign authors of recent years on the problems of improving the social policy of the state in the context of economic sanctions, an attempt is made to trace and characterize the trends in the development of the Russian model of social policy and methods for improving it in the context of economic sanctions. National target programs of social support. Development of new economic ties with the states of Eurasia, the SCO, BRICS. The review consists of three parts.

Key words: state social policy, national target programs of social support, economic sanctions, development of new economic ties with the states of Eurasia, SCO, BRICS.

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