№ 6 (111), 2024

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 14. Issue 6 (111), 2024

CONTENTS

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Sochneva D.V. On the Issue of the Implementation of the Concept of Scientific Atheism in the Ulyanovsk Region: the Initial Stage (1955-1959)
Biryukov A.M. Socio-Economic Development and Everyday Life of Petrovsk During the First World War and on the Eve of the Civil War (1914 – March 1918)
Dmitriev I.V., Mineeva E.K. The National Elite of Soviet Russia in the 1917-1920s: Issues of Historiography
Kezhutin A.N. Activities of Provincial Trading Companies in the Don Troops Region at the Beginning of the 20th Century (Based on the Materials of the Trading House "Galkin Brothers")
Merkulov A.V. The Military Commissariat of the Ryazan Region During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945
Mukhametzyanov M.S. Features of the Creation of University Museums in the Soviet Period on the Example of the Kazan Aviation Institute Named after A.N. Tupolev
Pobortseva V.V. Creation of a State Health Care System in the Soviet State: Peculiarities in the Center and on the Ground (1917-1920s)
Ryabova M.M. Old Believers of Bogorodsky District in the Context of the Confessional Picture of the Moscow Region
Sulumov Z.Kh., Beguev S.A. Restoration of the Oil Industry of Grozny in the New Economic Policy Program
Tsechoeva M.A. Reflection of the Deportation of the Chechen-Ingush People in Scientific Works and in Works of Art of the Ingush Intelligentsia of the 20th and Early 21st Centuries

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES

Torteva I.A. Regional Media Development Models in the Digital Age
Trofimov V.A. The Activities of the Authorities and Public Institutions of the Sakhalin Oblast in the Field of Regional National Policy
Phan Thi Nhuan. One Party Dominant Political System: Characteristics and Reference Values for Vietnam
Fedorov D.V. Status and Role of the Russian Language as a State Language in the Russian Federation
Gekht A.B., Cherkasov D.G., Shutman D.V. The «Swedish Democrats» Influence on the Transformation of the Political and Party System in Modern Sweden
Gabrielyan G.R. The Development of National Internet Platforms as a Factor in Ensuring Information Security of the People's Republic of China
Emelyanov S.V. Stages and Civilizational Features of the Historical Transformation of the Cultural Policy of the Russian State: Political Aspect
Kardash N.V. The Specifics of the Evolution of the Political Elite in Cyprus (on the Example of the First President of Cyprus)

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Airapetyan D.A. Horizons of Social and Political Development of the Institute of State in the Context of the Transition to Postcapitalism
Zhbanov A.M. Practice of Public-Private Partnership in the System of Ensuring the US Cybersecurity Policy
Surma I.V. Kenselling as a Form of State Cyber-Ostracism
Okudzhava Kh.Z. The Practice of Introducing Artificial Intelligence in the Moscow Region: Problems and Prospects

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Alaudinov A.A., Strigunov K.S., Goncharenko A.R. Structure and Characteristics of Subjects of Military Conflict in Ukraine and its Main Differences from Hybrid Wars in Syria and Libya
Alooche Bashar. The Role of Regional Powers (Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia) in the Escalation and Settlement of the Syrian Crisis
Wan Yufeng. Digital Economy and Digital Government: Interaction and Development
Stepanov S.A., Shaaban L. Modern Technologies in Education and Healthcare in Some GCC Countries
Geht A.B., Petrova A.V., Potapenko T.G., Zamyatin R.D. The Uighur Issue in the English-Speaking Media Space: Analysis and Impact of Information Flows
Zahra Ghiasi. The Impact of the Syrian Crisis on the Russia-Iran Relationship
Gorbunov N.S. Elements of Foreign Policy Strategic Communication in Doctrinal Documents of the Russian Federation
Egorov S.S. The Geopolitical Decomposition of Ukraine: Comparative Analysis of the Positions of the European Union and the Russian Federation Regarding the Settlement of the Ukrainian Political Crisis
Liu Ying, Stepanov S.A. Comparative Analysis of Legal Structures in the Environmental Sphere Between Russia and China Since 2012
Paramuzova O.G. Legal Assessment of the Importance of the Concept of International Security as a Factor in Increasing the Manageability of the Interstate System of International Relations
Polonchuk R.A. Military-Political Presence of the PRC in North African Countries
Samsonov M.M. Key Areas of Cooperation Between China and Africa at the Present Stage
Zhang Xinyan. Features of China's Foreign Policy in 2019
Chzhan Chen`I. Analysis of the Current Situation and Prospects of Settlements in National Currency in Bilateral Trade Between China and Russia
Khoshev A.Yu. The Attitude of the Serbian Orthodox Church to the Incident of Dispersal of the Serbian Manifestation on December 1, 1989 in Ljubljana

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.001

D.V. SOCHNEVA Postgraduate student of the Department of History, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF SCIENTIFIC ATHEISM IN THE ULYANOVSK REGION: THE INITIAL STAGE (1955-1959)

Khrushchev's time in power and the innovations he adopted are still being discussed in historical science. It was during this period that "scientific atheism" became a tool for building Soviet ideology. The article examines the specifics of the implementation of the religious policy of the USSR on the example of the Ulyanovsk region. The author attempts to show the forms and methods of atheistic activity in this region. The conclusion is made about the results and effectiveness of the activities carried out.

Key words: scientific atheism, religious politics, ideology, Ulyanovsk region, "Khrushchev thaw".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.007

A.M. BIRYUKOV Graduate student of the Department of History of the Fatherland, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND EVERYDAY LIFE OF PETROVSK DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND ON THE EVE OF THE CIVIL WAR (1914 – MARCH 1918)

The article is devoted to the socio-economic development of the city of Petrovsk, Dagestan region, on the eve of the civil war. The analyzed period in the history of the city is characterized by the active political life of society and the establishment of de facto dual power in 1917. In the context of the collapse of the system of traditional economic relations and failures on the fronts of the World War, the standard of living fell, the strike movement grew, and food prices rose. In February 1918, the Bolsheviks tried to end dual power and take control of the entire political and economic life of the city, which led to the armed overthrow of their power. The novelty of the study lies in the use of previously unpublished archival and newspaper materials about the daily life of Peter's followers at the turn of 1917-1918. As shown in the article, despite the political cataclysms, the townspeople tried to continue their usual way of life, continued to visit theaters and engage in amateur performances.

Key words: Petrovsk, Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, everyday life, revolution, civil war, strike.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.002

R.D. VARTANYAN Junior research fellow, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

FROM TRAVELOGUE TO NOVEL

(how Ilya Ehrenburg's travel notes about traveling to the United States became the material for his artistic works)

The article examines the work of the Russian Soviet writer I.G. Ehrenburg in 1946-1953 from an imagological and comparative point of view. The purpose of this article is to show the numerous similarities between journalism and the literary work of I.G. Ehrenburg, to highlight the characteristic features of the image of the United States created by the famous Soviet writer, and to analyze the continuity and changes in the image of the enemy within the framework of the writer's work, which was of great importance for Soviet propaganda. To do this, the problem will be solved in the form of a comparison of I.G.'s essay. Ehrenburg's "In America" (1946) and his artistic works from the periods of "late Stalinism": the plays "The Lion on the Square" (1948) and the novels "The Tempest" (1947) and "The Ninth Shaft" (1952).

The article uses the discursive historical method.

The article proves that the writer's journalism and novels, when they relate to American topics, are united by such connecting links as criticism of American racism, hostility to Europe, intrusive interference in personal life (from prohibition to Puritanical morality). A number of important images related to criticism of the United States and the "American way of life", used in "The Lion on the Square", and in "The Tempest", and in "The Ninth Shaft", were first used in I.G.'s travel essay. Ehrenburg's "In America" back in 1946, and then, with minimal changes, were transferred to his artistic work of the period of "late Stalinism". These images, however, were not dogmatically communist, but echoed a broader line of criticism of the United States as a non-European power without its own high culture.

Key words: Ilya Ehrenburg, Cold War, racism, Stalinism, propaganda, imagology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.003

I.V. DMITRIEV Graduate student, Chuvash State University. I.N. Ulyanova, Cheboksary, Russia

E.K. MINEEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Chuvash State University named after. I.N. Ulyanova, Cheboksary, Russia

THE NATIONAL ELITE OF SOVIET RUSSIA IN THE 1917-1920S: ISSUES OF HISTORIOGRAPHY

The study of the ethnic elite of Russia is inextricably linked with the national state policy of the country. One of the areas of research into the history of Russian national politics and the formation of the national establishment is a detailed consideration and assessment of issues related to the period of formation of Russian multi-ethnic statehood. The article presents an excursion into the historiography of the problem dedicated to the formation and activities of the national elite of Soviet Russia in the 1917-1920s. The authors come to the conclusion that, despite the diversity of research points of view on the stated problem, there remains a large number of unexplored issues, therefore, a certain gap in research work in this area. Some of the little-studied aspects of the topic include the social and everyday life of the Russian national elite; the role of the national establishment in the creation of autonomies within the RSFSR; the fate of a number of national political figures, who were largely subjected to repression in the 1930s; historical memory of the country's ethnic elite, who stood at the origins of the formation of the Soviet state.

Key words: national elite, Soviet Russia, issues of historiography, national policy in 1917-1920s.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.004

A.N. KEZHUTIN Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Social Science and Humanities Department, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; Associate Professor, Department of Humanitarian and Legal Disciplines, Dzerzhinsky Branch of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “National Research Nizhny Novgorod State University named after. N.I. Lobachevsky", Dzerzhinsk, Russia; Professor of the Department of Civil Law Disciplines, Branch of the Private Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow University named after S.Yu. Witte" in Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

ACTIVITIES OF PROVINCIAL TRADING COMPANIES IN THE DON TROOPS REGION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

(BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE TRADING HOUSE "GALKIN BROTHERS")

Introduction. The beginning of the 20th century is characterized by the accelerated development of trade and entrepreneurship in the southern regions of the Russian Empire. The article analyzes for the first time from a historical perspective the problems of creation, lending and activities of small and medium-sized trading enterprises in the Don Troops Region. The purpose of this work is to reconstruct one of the firms typical for the Ust-Medveditsky District – the trading house "Galkin Brothers". The source base of the article is based on the materials of the state regional archives of Rostov-on-Don and Volgograd, as well as on a set of published materials. As a result of the conducted research, the social composition of the partnership members, the range of goods, and connections with other commercial establishments in the historical conditions of the period 1900-1914 were established.

Key words: history of trade, trading house, partnership, Don Army Region, Ust-Medveditsky District, Khoper district.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.005

A.V. MERKULOV Postgraduate student (Historical Science and Archeology, National History) of Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

THE MILITARY COMMISSARIAT OF THE RYAZAN REGION DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1941-1945

This article deals with the specifics of the work of the military commissariats of the Ryazan region, what difficulties the employees of the military commissariats faced, how the system of mobilization of the population in the Ryazan region was organized and how the fight against saboteurs and deserters took place during the Great Patriotic War.

Key words: military commissariat, district military commissariat, city military commissariat, regional military commissariat, Great Patriotic War, mobilization, Ryazan region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.006

M.S. MUKHAMETZYANOV Postgraduate student of the Institute of Tatar Encyclopedia and Regional Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia

FEATURES OF THE CREATION OF UNIVERSITY MUSEUMS IN THE SOVIET PERIOD ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KAZAN AVIATION INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER A.N. TUPOLEV

The article examines the process of creating university museums during the Soviet period, using the example of the Museum of the Kazan Aviation Institute named after A.N. Tupolev, to study the influence of museum creation on ideology and educational objectives at that time, emphasizing their role in preserving, popularizing historical and technical heritage, educating young people, and conducting research. The article also analyzes the organization of museums within the context of Soviet-era culture and their impact on the formation of a scientific and technical elite and socio-cultural environment in the region.

Key words: Kazan Aviation Institute, museum, creation, university museums, Soviet period, A.N. Tupolev, aviation, history, science, technology, education, preservation, memory, collections, exhibition, engineers, designers, information technology, pedagogy, students, research, heritage, industry, progress, innovations, museum, museification.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.008

V.V. POBORTSEVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History Bryansk State University, Bryansk, Russia

CREATION OF A STATE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN THE SOVIET STATE: PECULIARITIES IN THE CENTER AND ON THE GROUND (1917-1920s)

The state health care system of Soviet Russia had a long way of development. From the moment of the emergence of the new government, active propaganda of state concern for the health of the country's population began, which gradually grew into a meaningful state policy. The organizational principles of health care formulated in the early years of Soviet power were based on the continuity of the model of zemstvo medicine of tsarist Russia, which was preferred not to be officially mentioned. However, the tasks of the state to take care of the population's health in the dire socio-economic and political situation of the Civil War, intervention, famine, devastation, mass epidemics and diseases could not be solved without using the preserved pre-revolutionary health care base and personnel of zemstvo medicine. In the article on the basis of the analysis of general principles of activity directed on protection of public health, some methods and forms of work of medical institutions in different corners of the territory of Bryansk region are shown as an illustration.

Key words: Bryanshchina, health care system, People's Commissariat for Public Health, struggle against epidemics, sanitary labor protection.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.009

М.М. RYABOVA Senior Lecturer at the Department of History and Humanities, State University of Humanities and Technology, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Russia

OLD BELIEVERS OF BOGORODSKY DISTRICT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONFESSIONAL PICTURE OF THE MOSCOW REGION

The article examines the geography of the spread of Old Believer agreements on the territory of Bogorodsky district. The author explains why this particular district in the XIX century was the most densely populated region of the Moscow province in terms of the number of Old Believers. The zealots of the old faith lived here mainly in the territories of the southeastern volosts in the historical center called Guslitsy. The penetration of the Old Believers into the rest of the Bogorodsky district occurred primarily due to the industrial activities of merchants from among the zealots of ancient piety. The Guslitsky Old Believers were at the origins of the creation of large Old Believer centers in Moscow and St. Petersburg, at various times they were trustees of communities. As for the agreements presented in the studied county, the priests of the Belokrinitsa hierarchy prevailed here, who, after the adoption of the District Message in 1862, were divided into "district" and "non-district" ones. It is worth noting that the number of the latter in the Bogorodsky district slightly prevailed. There were also communities of Bespopovtsy, among which the largest group were pomortsy.

Key words: Bogorodsky district, Old Believers, priests, bespopovtsy, okrugniks, non-okrugniks, communities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.010

Z.KH. SULUMOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History, Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny, Russia

S.A. BEGUEV Senior Lecturer, Department of History and Culture of the Peoples of Chechnya, «Chechen State University named after. A.A. Kadyrov»; Senior Research Fellow, Department of the History of the Peoples of the North Caucasus, Institute for Humanitarian Studies, Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Russia

RESTORATION OF THE OIL INDUSTRY OF GROZNY IN THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY PROGRAM

The article discusses the issue of restoring the Grozny oil industry as part of the new economic policy, as an integral part of the entire oil industry complex of the country. Of course, the oil industry of Grozny, destroyed during the period of revolutionary movements and civil war, was put on track for a speedy restoration. The responsible approach of government agencies led to a quick solution to eliminate existing problems: the formation of work teams, improvement of logistics and food supplies to resume the work of one of the country's leading oil sectors – Grozny.

Key words: Oil industry of Grozny, restoration of the sector, new economic policy, oil industrial complex of the country, working groups.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.011

М.A. TSECHOEVA Ph.D. student of the Department of History of the Federal Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Ingush State University, Magas, Russia

REFLECTION OF THE DEPORTATION OF THE CHECHEN-INGUSH PEOPLE IN SCIENTIFIC WORKS AND IN WORKS OF ART OF THE INGUSH INTELLIGENTSIA OF THE 20TH AND EARLY 21ST CENTURIES

The article discusses the topic of deportation of the Ingush people, which is an important and sensitive part of history, which is reflected in scientific works and works of art. The author considers methodological research approaches based on the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, which presupposes the need for an in-depth analysis of historical sources on the 1944 deportation. The biographical method made it possible to prove the truth of the events described by Ingush historians and writers. These works play a key role in preserving historical memory and understanding the consequences of Stalin's repressions. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the topic of deportation is important to study for the affected peoples, which is currently relevant for researchers, since before 1985 the topic was practically not studied due to the existing ideology. The purpose of the article is to search and analyze all scientific works and works of art written by the Ingush intelligentsia. In conclusion, it is concluded that the studied works not only document the events, but also help readers emotionally connect with the experiences of people who survived the deportation, who are also historical sources in the study of the topic of deportation of the Chechen-Ingush people. The search revealed scientific and literary works of Ingush historians and writers of the 20th-21st centuries, covering the topic of the 1944 deportation. Such works include personal memoirs, historical essays, monographs, works of fiction based on real events, and poetic creations that seek to convey the depth of the people's experiences.

Key words: Ingush literature, literary works, deportation of Ingush, witness of deportation, Ingush intelligentsia.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.012

I.A. TORTEVA Assistant at the Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov (Cheboksary) Cheboksary, Russia

REGIONAL MEDIA DEVELOPMENT MODELS IN THE DIGITAL AGE

This article examines the concept of a regional information space as part of the general information field of the country, provides its characteristics, identifies existing problems, and considers current trends and prospects for its development. Current trends in the development of the regional information space are associated with an increase in the use of the Internet, the development of electronic means of communication and the expansion of access to information. Development prospects include improving the quality of information, ensuring equal access to it for all social groups and the active use of information technology in everyday life. Regional and central authorities need to timely regulate the problems associated with the uneven distribution of resources, due to the fact that this directly affects the quality of the materials produced and the general information field of the country. Also, the quality of the materials produced depends on the qualifications of specialists, since unreliable information can affect the rating of mass media publications, as well as reduce the level of access to them. In order to identify inaccuracies in published materials, editors conduct fact-checking, during which the reliability of facts and statements is verified, as well as the correct spelling of names, places, and surnames is checked. Otherwise, incorrect spelling may seem like a symbol of disrespect. It is necessary to stimulate the development of the media space from the outside in order to improve its processes and subsequent dissemination, which can be achieved by attracting subsidies from the state, following current trends of the present, as well as using ways to obtain additional financing, which is an advantageous environment for the development of the information field of various subjects.

Key words: digital age, regional media, multimedia, online, multi-channel, interactive nature of information, efficiency, convergent journalism, event, typological division of the media.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.013

V.A. TROFIMOV Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS OF THE SAKHALIN OBLAST IN THE FIELD OF REGIONAL NATIONAL POLICY

The article "The activities of the authorities and public institutions of the Sakhalin Oblast in the field of regional national policy" explores the problem of design and implementation of regional national policy in the Sakhalin region, which is of particular relevance in the context of both the task of forming an all-Russian civic identity in the region and tasks related to the regulation of ethnopolitical processes and maintaining a positive balance of interethnic relations relationships. At the same time, the author examines the activities in this area not only of regional public authorities and management, but also of regional civil society institutions, as well as the mechanisms and specifics of their interaction in this area. The article states that the activities in this direction in the Sakhalin region as a whole are purposeful and positive in nature and lead to good results, but at the same time it is noted that there remain some problems in the interaction of government and public institutions in this area.

Key words: Sakhalin region, regional national policy, interethnic relations, migration processes, authorities, civil society institutions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.014

PHAN THI NHUAN PhD student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russia; Vinh University, Vietnam

ONE PARTY DOMINANT POLITICAL SYSTEM: CHARACTERISTICS AND REFERENCE VALUES FOR VIETNAM

The political system of Vietnam and the political system of some countries with a dominant ruling party have some similarities. Technically, countries with a dominant one-party political system exist in a multi-party system, but there is a dominant political party that controls, manages and governs the political system for a long time, such as the People's Action Party (PAP) in Singapore. Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in Japan, Democratic Party in South Korea (DP). The article analyzes the characteristics of the one-party dominant political system in Japan, Korea and Singapore. With the characteristics of this political system model, it will be a valuable reference lesson for the innovation of Vietnam's political system in the modern period.

Key words: political system, dominant party, innovation, lessons, Communist Party of Vietnam.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.015

D.V. FEDOROV Postgraduate student of the Department of National and Federal Relations of the Institute of Public Administration and Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

STATUS AND ROLE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AS A STATE LANGUAGE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In the modern Russian Federation, the Russian language is a complex socio-political and historical-cultural phenomenon, and interaction in Russian is one of the most complex and important types of state activity, as well as public discourse, which simultaneously functions in its own habitus and interacts in the public and non-public sphere with many “fields of power” [13. P. 128]. Based on historical and cultural traditions, the multi-ethnic nature of the state, and the ongoing development of an all-Russian civil identity, the Russian language as the state language is given a key role in consolidating Russian society and strengthening Russian statehood.

Key words: Russian language, state language, Russian Federation, all-Russian identity, Russian statehood, interethnic relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.016

A.B. GEKHT Ph.D. in history, docent Head of the department of history and regional studies Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, Saint Petersburg, Russia

D.G. CHERKASOV Master, assistant of the department of history and regional studies Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, Saint Petersburg, Russia

D.V. SHUTMAN Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Social and Digital Technologies Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, Saint Petersburg, Russia

THE «SWEDISH DEMOCRATS» INFLUENCE ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE POLITICAL AND PARTY SYSTEM IN MODERN SWEDEN

The gradual evolution of Sweden's party and political system went from left to right: the process of liberalization and a departure from the previous social democratic model, under the influence of a number of global challenges such as uncontrolled migration prepared a long period of growing popularity of nationalist ideas in the XXI century. The emergence of the far-right Swedish Democrats party in the Swedish political spectrum and its active growth led to a pronounced drift of the country’s party political system to the right as far asto the prospect of further radicalization of this Scandinavian country’s political sphere. This article is devoted to a brief analysis of the processes of transformation of modern Sweden's political and party system as well as to the consideration of factors due to the influence of which in the recent past political marginals have become the second most important social force in the country.

Key words: Sweden Democrats, political system, party system, political crisis, radicalization, multiculturalism, political transformation, integration processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.018

G.R. GABRIELYAN Postgraduate student at the Moscow Region State University, Moscow, Russia

THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL INTERNET PLATFORMS AS A FACTOR IN ENSURING INFORMATION SECURITY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

The article is devoted to the study of tools for ensuring information security in the People's Republic of China, in particular national social networks and Internet platforms created on the territory of the country. The presence of own national platforms in China and their popularity allows the authorities to effectively use various tools to control the information published on the Internet. Due to the fact that all social networks (WeChat, Weibo, Bilibili, Douyin, Kuaishou, Zhihu, etc.) used by Chinese citizens are created on the territory of China, the government can quite easily monitor all the actions of citizens on the Internet and effectively block any undesirable content. This is primarily important in terms of ensuring domestic political stability.

Key words: People's Republic of China, information policy, information security, Internet, social networks.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.020

S.V. EMELYANOV Postgraduate student of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State University", St. Petersburg, Russia

STAGES AND CIVILIZATIONAL FEATURES OF THE HISTORICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE CULTURAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN STATE: POLITICAL ASPECT

The history of Russia, like the history of many other states, has a number of important features. The political characteristics of Russia include statism. The state power of Russia played a crucial role in the development of Russian culture, actively participating in the formation of both the idea of Truth and the methods of comprehending it. The decisive role in Russia belonged to state power in the formation of historical epistemes and discursive practices. In the sphere of cultural policy of the state, arbitration was carried out in the competition of metanarratives in the Russian cultural space.

Key words: Russian civilization, statism, modernization, modernity, cultural code, ideocracy, epistemes, discursive practices, narratives.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.017

N.V. KARDASH PhD Candidate, Department of Comparative Politics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

THE SPECIFICS OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE POLITICAL ELITE IN CYPRUS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF CYPRUS)

The article discusses the specifics of the evolutionary process of the formation of the ruling class in Cyprus and examines the mechanism of the formation of the elite in the last years of British colonial rule and in the new independent state. The study also provides examples of political developments in Cyprus and neighboring states in parallel with the effectiveness of the political activities of two prominent leaders of the elite. When determining the criteria for belonging to the elite of Cyprus, a biographical method of analyzing the political formation of the first president of Cyprus, Archbishop Makarios III was used. The article presents the path of the leader of the elite to power, provides a comparative analysis of his education, experience, spheres of influence and the formation of the image of a representative of the national community and – subsequently – the leader of the state. The confrontation between two political elites of one state has sparked interest in the biographical analysis of the formation of the leaders' personalities, who were never able to reach an agreement for the benefit of their common homeland. The article also contains an assessment of the mechanisms of elite recruitment in Cyprus within the framework of comparative political science.

Key words: comparative politics, biographical analysis, elite theory, political elite, political elite evolution, political leaders of Cyprus, Archbishop Makarios III, Fazyl Kucuk, Cyprus, Cypriot politics.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.021

D.A. AIRAPETYAN Specialist of the laboratory of problems of increasing the efficiency of state and municipal administration, postgraduate student of the department of political science and ethnopolitics of the URIU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

HORIZONS OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF STATE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TRANSITION TO POSTCAPITALISM

The article examines the prospects for the development of the institution of the state in the context of the transition to a post-capitalist society. The author, analyzing the contradictory nature of the state, notes that, on the one hand, it personifies the idea of the strength and stability of the political order, on the other hand, it undergoes changes in its historical forms and functions. In the context of the global challenges of late capitalism and the emergence of a new technological order, transformation processes in the political sphere are accelerating, creating preconditions for the transition to an innovative post-capitalist form of social structure, which, according to the author, affects the horizons of the socio-political development of the institution of the state. The article analyzes various theoretical concepts about the role of the state in the post-capitalist world: from classical Marxist ideas about the "withering away" of the state to current discussions in modern political science. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion about the absence of a single idea of the institutional future of the state, as well as the need for a conceptual rethinking of the functions and tasks of the state in new socio-economic and technological conditions.

Key words: institution of the state, political processes, late capitalism, post-capitalism, global challenges, new technological order, socio-political development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.022

A.M. ZHBANOV Postgraduate student, Department of International Relations and Integration Processes, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

PRACTICE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE SYSTEM OF ENSURING THE US CYBERSECURITY POLICY

The article examines the current state of public-private partnership in the system of ensuring U.S. cybersecurity policy. Article consists of analysis of evolution of approaches to cybersecurity in the context of public-private partnership, and institutional frames on cooperation between the state, private business and data operators in matters of cybersecurity.

Key words: cyberspace, cybersecurity, international information security, information warfare, information warfare, international law, public-private partnership.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.023

I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of the National Association for International Information Security, Associate Professor of the Department of International and National Security of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

KENSELLING AS A FORM OF STATE CYBER-OSTRACISM

The article considers the phenomenon of cancel culture as a socio-political technology of excluding an entire state from public consciousness. The analysis of four system-forming clusters in which the Russian Federation today is subjected to cancel culture in the information space is presented: political, economic, humanitarian and cultural-historical. The author notes that the lack of theoretical understanding of methods of countering cancel culture in modern political research leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to form the concept of counter-cancel culture. It is shown how using dynamically developing cognitive-manipulative tools of modern information and communication technologies attempts to "squeeze" the Russian Federation out of the consciousness of the entire world community are carried out. The method considered in the article actually includes the same tools as cancel culture itself, with the difference that the search for and consolidation of like-minded people who have been subjected to cancel culture for similar reasons is carried out. It is proposed to counter the challenges and threats to Russia to intensify activities in the main directions, including the formation of information, technological and value sovereignty of the country, while opposing the falsification of historical memory and creating a positive image of Russia, expanding the tools of digital diplomacy, carrying out information and awareness-raising work, not forgetting its strategic narrative of value-oriented nature. The applied recommendations on countering cancel culture presented in the article can serve as a certain theoretical contribution to political science in the study of the phenomenon of cancel culture from the position of an international researcher and can be used to optimize modern foreign policy approaches.

Key words: cancel culture, information confrontation, digital diplomacy, information and communication technologies, trolling, cyberbullying, artificial intelligence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.024

KH.Z. OKUDZHAVA Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE PRACTICE OF INTRODUCING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE MOSCOW REGION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that it is necessary to study the rapidly developing technology of artificial intelligence, and the novelty of the article lies in the fact that a comprehensive analysis of pilot projects using artificial intelligence to optimize work in state and municipal administration was carried out. A systematic approach based on empirical data made it possible to consider the features of the implementation of artificial intelligence in the Moscow region.

The article describes what problems arise when using artificial intelligence technology, what results have already been achieved and what development prospects exist: for example, a project such as “Robot Svetlana” is designed to automate the work of a support service in healthcare; the “Electronic coupon” project is aimed at optimizing the operation of the waste management system in housing and communal services; the Forest Fire Control project helps prevent the spread of fire and minimize damage to the environment and the population; the “Taxi Control” and “Bus Control before Departure” projects increase the safety of passenger transportation by identifying malfunctions and non-compliances with requirements in advance; The project “Control of illegal retail outlets” allows you to reduce the number of illegal retail outlets in the Moscow region using video cameras.

The study revealed that experts positively assess the practical application of artificial intelligence in the Moscow region. Emerging problems associated with training artificial intelligence, possible attacks by hackers, and difficulties in processing large amounts of data are inherent in the general process of introducing artificial intelligence in the country. At the same time, the experience of the Moscow region can be replicated, and new algorithms for using artificial intelligence can be applied in other regions of the Russian Federation.

Key words: Moscow region, regional management, artificial intelligence, digital technologies, digital transformation.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.025

А.А. ALAUDINOV Candidate of Political Sciences, commander of the AKHMAT special forces ‒ deputy commander of the 2nd Army Corps of the 8th Army, Southern Military District, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Grozny, Russia

K.S. STRIGUNOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Leading Analyst, Association of Information Warfare Specialists, Moscow, Russia

A.R. GONCHARENKO Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State Universit, Moscow, Russia

STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBJECTS OF MILITARY CONFLICT IN UKRAINE AND ITS MAIN DIFFERENCES FROM HYBRID WARS IN SYRIA AND LIBYA

This article examines the structure and characteristic of participants in the military conflict in Ukraine. The main differences between the total hybrid war of the collective West against Russia and the hybrid wars unleashed against Libya and Syria are also revealed.

The purpose of the study is to determine the essence and characteristics of the participants in the military conflict in Ukraine, the differences between this conflict and the wars in Libya and Syria.

The objectives include: 1) identification of direct and indirect participants in the military conflict in Ukraine; 2) demonstration of the difference between the conflict in Ukraine and the wars in Libya and Syria.

Results. The main direct participants in the military conflict in Ukraine are Ukraine and Russia. As for the indirect participants to the conflict, there are the countries of the collective West (USA, Great Britain, France and Germany), as well as China, India, Iran and North Korea. The interaction of direct and indirect participants in the military conflict in Ukraine is shown.

Conclusions. Despite the fact that there are pronounced direct participants in the military conflict in Ukraine, since other state actors do not take direct and explicit part in it, the differences between direct and indirect participation in this military conflict are sufficiently blurred. The main difference between the total hybrid war of the collective West against Russia, of which the military conflict in Ukraine is a part, and the hybrid wars against Libya and Syria is the West's use of the entire state as an instrument of indirect war against Russia and providing it with enormous comprehensive support.

Key words: hybrid war, Russia, the Special Military Operation, Ukraine, the collective West, Libya, Syria.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.026

ALOOCHE BASHAR Graduate student Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

THE ROLE OF REGIONAL POWERS (IRAN, TURKEY, SAUDI ARABIA) IN THE ESCALATION AND SETTLEMENT OF THE SYRIAN CRISIS

The Syrian crisis, which began in 2011, led to the destabilization of the situation in the region and the involvement of regional powers such as Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia in the conflict. This study is aimed at analyzing the role of these states in the escalation and settlement of the Syrian conflict.

Introduction. The paper examines the geopolitical interests and actions of Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia in the context of the Syrian crisis. It is noted that the involvement of these countries is due to the desire to strengthen their positions in the region, as well as religious and ideological factors.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of official statements, diplomatic initiatives and military operations of Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia in Syria from 2011 to 2023. The data used are from open sources, such as reports from international organizations, analytical materials from expert centers, and media publications.

Results. It was established that Iran provides comprehensive support to the government of Bashar al-Assad, having sent from 20 to 30 thousand IRGC fighters and pro-Iranian formations to Syria. Turkey, which initially supported the Syrian opposition, has been conducting military operations in northern Syria since 2016, seeking to prevent the strengthening of Kurdish groups. Ankara has achieved the creation of a buffer zone along the Syrian-Turkish border up to 30 km deep [29. P. 44]. Saudi Arabia provided financial and military assistance to opposition groups, spending about $3 billion. However, since 2018, Riyadh has gradually curtailed its support for the armed opposition, concentrating on diplomatic efforts. In general, the contradictions between regional powers make it difficult to develop a common approach to resolving the conflict.

Key words: Syrian crisis, Iran, Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, regional powers, geopolitics, conflict escalation, settlement.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.027

WAN YUFENG Ph.D. candidate, Faculty of Higher School of Cultural Policy and Management in Humanities, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DIGITAL ECONOMY AND DIGITAL GOVERNMENT: INTERACTION AND DEVELOPMENT

This article analyzes the interaction and development of the digital economy and digital government in China, whose key roles are enhanced by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It explores how digitalization across all spheres of life leads to significant changes in production and service models, accelerating economic development and international cooperation. Special attention is given to the impact of digital technologies on managerial practices and state governance, exemplified by China's rapid growth and innovative approaches in integrating cutting-edge technologies. The study emphasizes the role of digital technologies in improving the quality of life and the efficiency of government administration, providing a foundation for analyzing global managerial practices.

Key words: digital economy, digital government, technological innovations, managerial practices, China, international cooperation, industrial revolution, information era.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.028

S.A. STEPANOV PhD professor, Department of the history and Law and public administration of the Law Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

L. SHAABAN PhD student, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION AND HEALTHCARE IN SOME GCC COUNTRIES

This article presents the most striking practices of modern technology implementation in some GCC countries, particularly in such important social spheres as education and healthcare. The fact that the majority of GCC countries have improved their positions in the Global Innovation Index for 2022 is further proof that the countries surveyed do not intend to deviate from their vision and goals to develop and implement the most advanced technologies in everyday life in order to achieve sustainable development. Thus, the development of technological practices has a direct correlation with overcoming such a pressing problem as unemployment not only for the GCC countries.

Therefore, the subject of this study is the positive impact of the application of modern technology in the GCC countries on reducing unemployment. Dialectical cognition, comparative jurisprudence and legal formalism are used as research methods. The author concludes that despite the fundamental importance and real need for the use of modern technology in all public sectors, other circumstances and situations, such as the coronavirus pandemic and the time and speed savings of using modern technology have prompted many countries to move towards the use of modern technology. The positive effects of the adoption of modern technology in the use of, for example, banking, education and other sectors are being evaluated. The article draws attention to the emerging and necessary need for modern technology to speed up work, save time and minimise errors.

Key words: GCC, health, education, AI, 3-D dimension, online platforms.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.029

A.B. GEHT Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of History and Regional Studies, Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich (SPbSUT), Saint Petersburg, Russia

A.V. PETROVA Bachelor of Regional Studies, Department of History and Regional Studies, Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich (SPbSUT), Saint Petersburg, Russia

T.G. POTAPENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Regional Studies, Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich (SPbSUT), Saint Petersburg, Russia

R.D. ZAMYATIN Bachelor of Regional Studies, Department of History and Regional Studies, Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich (SPbSUT), Saint Petersburg, Russia

THE UIGHUR ISSUE IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING MEDIA SPACE: ANALYSIS AND IMPACT OF INFORMATION FLOWS

This article provides a brief analysis of the current coverage of the "Uighur issue" in modern English-language media and examines the main trends prevailing in the information coverage of the situation of Uighurs in modern China. The authors analyzed a variety of points of view presented by both state and opposition sources. The study aims to identify the impact of information flows on the formation of public opinion both in the countries of the collective West and in the Islamic world regarding the situation in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and its impact on the foreign policy and foreign economic policy of the Chinese authorities.

Key words: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the Uygur issue, English-language media.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.030

ZAHRA GHIASI PhD student in the history of international relations Russian State University for the humanities, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPACT OF THE SYRIAN CRISIS ON THE RUSSIA-IRAN RELATIONSHIP

Since the Syrian crisis began after the Arab Spring protests in 2010, changes in the Middle East have sped up. Syria turned into a full-scale war zone when terrorist groups entered the country. The regional and extra-regional actors got involved in the Syrian crisis, either directly or indirectly, due to their own interests and the threats they perceived. Key players included the United States, Russia, Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. This article examines how the war in Syria has affected the relationship between Russia and Iran. The idea is that the threats and common interests arising from the Syrian crisis led Iran and Russia to team up for the first time. After working together diplomatically and politically, Russia started helping militarily in 2015, marking the beginning of their joint efforts to deal with the crisis. Keeping the current government in power in Syria, pushing back against Western influence led by the United States, and fighting terrorist groups, especially since ISIS took over much of Syria, are the main reasons why these two countries are close allies.

Key words: Iran, Syrian crisis, Arab Spring, Russia, common interests, national interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.031

N.S. GORBUNOV Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Master's degree in International Relations, Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ELEMENTS OF FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION IN DOCTRINAL DOCUMENTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In Russia there is no approved concept of strategic communication (SC) at the state level, but Russian foreign policy communication can be considered strategic. The purpose of the article is to search and analyze elements of the SC concept in the doctrinal documents of the Russian Federation. During the preparation of this article, various general scientific methods were used; the work is descriptive and theoretical in nature.

Key words: strategic communication, political communications, Concept of foreign policy of the Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.032

S.S. EGOROV PHD student, Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE GEOPOLITICAL DECOMPOSITION OF UKRAINE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE POSITIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REGARDING THE SETTLEMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN POLITICAL CRISIS

2024 – eleven years have passed since the beginning of the political crisis in Ukraine, the conflict, which began with mass anti-government demonstrations on the Maidan ( were not something special for modern Ukraine), turned into a civil war with Russian-speaking residents of Southeastern Ukraine, and then into a war with the Russian Federation. One of the most important features of the Ukrainian crisis is its unprecedented rapid escalation to the level of armed confrontation between the conflicting parties and the deterioration of relations between them. The article is devoted to the analysis of the processes that led Ukraine into a state of geopolitical decomposition of the state, which led to the actual rupture of interstate relations between Russia and the countries of continental Europe. Methods: The article is based on civilizational and comparative analytical approaches, which allowed us to conclude that now Ukraine is gradually turning into a "fragile state" ), the country has been moving towards the process of existential breakdown of its own statehood throughout the 30 years of modern independence. By supplementing the above approaches with the best practices of the "case analysis" method, the author was able to analyze the consequences of the "color revolutions" for Ukraine, and also managed to analyze the impact of these events on the formation of updated foreign policy courses of Russia and the European Union (hereinafter – the EU) in relation to Ukraine. Results: The negotiating positions of the parties to the conflict regarding the prospects for resolving the "Ukrainian political crisis" from 2013 to 2022, as well as after Russia launched a forced military operation to protect the population of Donbass, are analyzed. The main provisions of the approaches of Russia and Ukraine in relation to building relations with the EU are presented.

Key words: Russia, political crisis in Ukraine, European Union, color revolutions, world order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.033

LIU YING Ph.D. of Law Institute Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

S.A. STEPANOV Professor, doctor of sciences Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGAL STRUCTURES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SPHERE BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA SINCE 2012

Russia and China are two large countries with great influence in the world. The development and evolution of their environmental policies and legislation have a profound impact on global environmental governance. This article, using the comparative method, conducts a comparative analysis of the construction of the environmental legal system in Russia and China from four aspects: environmental legislation, environmental law and order, environmental justice and environmental compliance. The study revealed that in recent years, Russia has achieved remarkable results in fulfilling its environmental goals and expanding public participation in green construction, while China has made breakthroughs in the systematic legalization of ecological civilization. Of course, the development of the environmental sphere in Russia and China also faces certain difficulties. In the future, Russia and China will still need to continually improve their environmental legal systems and strengthen environmental enforcement to better adapt to the demands of the new era.

Key words: Russia, China, ecology, policy, law.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.034

O.G. PARAMUZOVA Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of International and Humanitarian Law, Faculty of Law, North-West Institute of National Economy and Public Administration, RANEPA, Saint Petersburg, Russia

LEGAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CONCEPT OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AS A FACTOR IN INCREASING THE MANAGEABILITY OF THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The realities of the modern world require the development of new conceptual approaches to regulating pressing problems of international relations. The need for innovative work is obvious and objectively determined by the complexities of geopolitics being implemented today. At the same time, the obviousness of turning to historical experience is beyond doubt, because the creation of a new architecture of international relations must always be predetermined by historical experience, both positive and negative. This article deals with the most important components of the concept of collective international security, which was carried out with the aim of producing possible modernizations of this system to solve the problem of a certain stagnation in the considered area of international relations of our time.

Key words: collective international security, comprehensive concept of international security, interstate system of international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.035

R.A. POLONCHUK Candidate of political sciences, senior researcher Center for the Study of the History of China and its Relations with Russia, Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICSA RAS), Moscow, Russia

MILITARY-POLITICAL PRESENCE OF THE PRC IN NORTH AFRICAN COUNTRIES

The article analyzes the main foreign policy guidelines that determine the military-political presence of the PRC in the countries of North Africa. The approaches of the Chinese leadership to ensuring defense and security in the North African region are shown. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of military-technical cooperation between the PRC and the countries of the region.

Key words: military policy, armed forces, military development, military planning, reform of the armed forces, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.019

M.M. SAMSONOV Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

KEY AREAS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND AFRICA AT THE PRESENT STAGE

Despite the difficult period of the pandemic for the entire global economy, post-Covid recovery of production and new political realities after 2022, China and Africa continue to actively increase the scale of cooperation in a number of key sectors: industry, agriculture, new information technologies and medicine, provision of necessary intellectual and scientific support. The African continent has always been an important element of China's foreign policy, and developing relations with Africa is its long-term strategic choice. Based on various Chinese sources, an attempt has been made to trace the main trends and assess the prospects for Chinese-African cooperation in a number of industries.

Key words: China, Africa, post-pandemic era, trade and economic cooperation, agriculture, digital economy, medicine.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.036

ZHANG XINYAN PhD RUDN, China

FEATURES OF CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY IN 2019

Recent Chinese foreign policy is characterized by several distinctive features. The simultaneous occurrence of the fortieth anniversary of diplomatic relations with the United States and the unfolding of the so-called Sino-American trade war has ensured that Washington maintains a leading position among Beijing's foreign policy priorities, while also leading to an increase in firmness in its practical policy towards the United States. Additionally, the parallel growing interest of China in deepening and intensifying ties with Russia has led to the assertion that Sino-Russian bilateral relations have entered a new stage. This new stage in Sino-Russian relations is expressed in the expansion of economic, political, and military cooperation. Both countries are actively working on joint projects in the energy sector, including the construction of gas pipelines and the development of nuclear energy. Furthermore, Russia and China conduct joint military exercises, emphasizing their strategic partnership and readiness for joint actions on the international stage. This cooperation is being strengthened against the backdrop of mutual concern over the unilateral actions of the United States and a common desire for a multipolar world order. China is actively promoting the "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI), aimed at creating infrastructure and economic links between Asia, Europe, and Africa. This initiative allows China to strengthen its position in the region and beyond by offering participating countries investments and economic cooperation.

Key words: foreign policy, China, diplomacy, international relations, cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.037

CHZHAN CHEN`I Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS OF SETTLEMENTS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY IN BILATERAL TRADE BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA

In the context of strengthening and deepening the comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination between China and Russia in the new era, financial cooperation between the two countries has acquired a new atmosphere and reached a new level.The share of settlements in national currency in bilateral trade between China and Russia has increased dramatically, and settlements in national currency between the two countries are proceeding smoothly, and an effective system of economic and trade cooperation independent of the West has been established.This article examines the reasons and significance of the remarkable increase in the coefficient of settlements in the national currency between China and Russia, as well as outlines author’s own opinions and decisions regarding the shortcomings of the current financial cooperation between the two countries.

Key words: Russian-Chinese relations, settlement in the national currency, Foreign trade, Renminbi, Ruble, payment system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.038

А.YU. KHOSHEV Candidate of Technical Sciences, Master of Theology, docent of Saints Cyril and Methodius Institute of Post-Graduate and Doctoral Studies, Moscow, Russia

THE ATTITUDE OF THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH TO THE INCIDENT OF DISPERSAL OF THE SERBIAN MANIFESTATION ON DECEMBER 1, 1989 IN LJUBLJANA

In light of the important role of the religious factor in the processes that accompanied the disintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), the situation of the country's religious confessions in the last years of the Yugoslav federation's existence is of particular interest. The article is devoted to the incident of the dispersal of a manifestation in support of the Serbs in Kosovo, organized in the capital of Slovenia, one of the union republics of the SFRY, on December 1, 1989. This case clearly illustrates the growing tension in relations between the republics of the SFRY during the reforms of S. Milošević, as well as the specifics of the situation of the Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) in the western republics of the SFRY in the context of the brewing breakup of Yugoslavia. The detention of representatives of the local Serbian orthodox clergymen by the Slovenian police, the protest of the SOC Holy Synod and its correspondence with the highest leadership of Slovenia demonstrate some changes in the attitude towards the presence of the Serbian Orthodoxy in the republic. The article uses unpublished materials from the Archives of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate and documents published in the church press of the period under review.

Key words: Yugoslavia, breakup of Yugoslavia, Slovenia, Ljubljana, Serbian Orthodox Church, interchurch relations, Church-state relations.

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