№ 3 (84), 2022

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 12. Issue 3 (84), 2022

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Gunter O.A., Tsenyuga S.N. Development of the Ideas of National Education in the Works of the Historical and Pedagogical Community of Russia in 1860-1917
Bulatov I.A. Summer Camps of Youth Movements in the System of National Education of Emigration of the "First Wave" According to the Materials of the Press
Guseynova B.M. To the Question of the Economic Development of the Derbent Possession on the XVIII – First Half of the XIX Centuries
Oskin N.N. Organization of Communications in the Russian Army on the Eve and During the First World War
Samarin V.A. Activities of Public Organizations of Leningrad in the Fight Against Crime in the Second Half of the 40s of the Twentieth Century
Magomedova E.M. From the History of the Relations of the Mountaineers of Dagestan with the Peoples the North Caucasus in the XVII Century
Smirnova Y.V., Nabokina M.E., Kuvshinova E.E. On the Issue of Holding the XVIII Olympic Games in 1964 in Moscow
Bocharov V.Yu. Parish Registers of the City of Zaraysk as a Historical Source
Abi Shoresh, Odintsova T.A. Socio-Political Significance of Kurdish Dance
Mitrofanova A.A. Organization of Work of Medical Institutions Serving the Local Population of the Ulyanovsk Region During the Great Patriotic War
Nesterov Yu.S. The Growth of Revolutionary Sentiments in the Army and its Participation in the Political Life of the Region after February 1917 (Based on the Materials of the Middle Volga Region)
Kalinina E.V., Volodkova E.N., Goncharov A.S. History of Silkworm Breeding on the Territory of the Stavropol Province. A.F. Rebrov’s Role in the Formation of Russian Silkworm Breeding
Gusev K.D. Formation of Little Russian Identity in the 17th Century: Peculiarities of Genesis and Evolution
Burnakov K.S. The Relevance of Studying the Ethnic Consciousness of the Khakas People as a Subject of Ethnographic Research
Krasnova R.R. Implementation of Educational Policy in the System of School Education in the Late 1930s. (On the Material of the Archive Sources of Ulyanovsk Region)
Sidorov S.V. Organizational and Agitation Events Among Workers During the Great Patriotic War (Based on the Materials of the Ulyanovsk Region)
Subbotin D.A. Ulyanovsk Regional Newspaper "Proletarian Way" about the Workers of the Village
Filatov A.V. About the Work of Evening Schools and Training of Workers on the Pages of the Newspaper "Proletarian Way" of the Ulyanovsk Region
Hisamov M.I. Komsomol-Youth Collectives in the Implementation of Socially Significant Projects and Transport in the 1960s-80s in the Ulyanovsk Region
Shakhmatov V.V. The Red Army Men in the Perception of the Leaders and Officers of the White Movement in the South of Russia During the Civil War: Reflection in Memoir Sources
Shuvalov E.G. Healthcare and Medical Affairs of the Moscow State XV-XVII Centuries. Based on the Tales of Foreigners: Typological Series of Written Sources

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Boltenkova L.F. Hymn to the Lord God (Philosophical and Religious Research in Several Articles). Article Three
Wang Jiaxu. The Humanist Direction of China's Political Modernization
Astakhova A.S. Criticism of Chauvinism, Jingoism, Racism and Xenophobia: the Experience of an Analytical Approach

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Safin F.G., Ishemgulov M.N., Skogorev S.V. Features of Identity Formation in a Multinational Russian Region (on the Example of the Republic of Bashkortostan)
Tropynin I.V., Yastrzhembsky A.S. The Study of the Interaction of Municipal Authorities with the Population within the Framework of the Activities of the Administration of the City of Krasnoyarsk
Menshikov P.V., Agrba A.A. Digital Ecosystems as a Tool for Creating Shared Values
Krylova E.G. Influence of Interviews with Political Leaders on the Formation of Public Opinion
Lazebnik A.G. Correlations in Political Transformations: Selection of Indicators
Sanchat S.S. All-Russian and Regional Trends in the Development of Political Systems

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Shirokova E.O. Features of Perception of Activity Business Structures from the Residents Republic of Mordovia

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Mikhaylenko A.N., Nina Ramos Rocio Leonor. Russian Policy in Latin America in the Context of Formation of a New World Order
Мagadiev M.F. The Chinese Experience of Protecting the State from Factors of Destructive Influence on the Ideological and Ideological Foundations of Society and its Younger Generation
Tabeikina E.K. Politico-Economic Situation of the Countries on the Eve of the Second World War
Yuhan. China's Cultural Soft Power Strategy in the Asia-Pacific Region
Мagadiev M.F. Finland's Experience in Protecting the State from External and Internal Factors of Negative Impact on the Ideological Formation of Young People
Tetenkina E.V. Problems and Prospects of Foreign Academic Staff Recruitment to Russian Heis in the XXI Century
Gurin G.G. The Rupture of Diplomatic Relations Between Iran and Great Britain in 1952 as the Apogee of the Process of Nationalization of the Oil Industry
Kurevlev K.A. Comparative Analysis of the National Security Strategies of the EU and the US at Present Era
Lukinova E.A. The Problem of Cyprus in the Context of Relations Between Greece, Turkey and the European Union

STUDENT SCIENCE

Balashov I.B. The Necessity of US Diplomatic System Transformation in the Era of “Systemic Thinking Crisis”
Markova M.Yu. Underground in Tyumen in the 1980s

Our authors № 3-2022

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.001

O.A. GÜNTER Senior Lecturer, Department of History of Russia, Regional and World Civilizations, Institute for the Humanities, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

S.N. TSENYUGA Doctor of ped. Sciences, Professor, Department of National History, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF THE IDEAS OF NATIONAL EDUCATION IN THE WORKS OF THE HISTORICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL COMMUNITY OF RUSSIA IN 1860-1917

The article considers the experience of the formation and development of the ideas of the national school, reflected in the works of historians, teachers, philosophers of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. In this historical period, the ideas of national education were in the process of formation and were considered as an integral part of folk pedagogy. Russian scientists belonging to various trends and scientific schools have contributed to the study of this field of knowledge.

The study analyzes the process of the genesis of the national school in the works of the historical and pedagogical community, traces the dynamics of the transformation of views, analyzes the differences in approaches to the study of this issue depending on the field of scientific activity, as well as on the practical or theoretical orientation of researchers in relation to the topic under study.

The theoretical basis of the study is an anthropological approach, comparative historical, structural and functional.

The author concludes that, despite the fact that in the period under study the national school was not considered as an independent phenomenon, this issue is systematically found in the works of historians and teachers and allows one to form a comprehensive understanding of the history of its formation and development, to trace the features of the implementation of the state national policy, policy in the field of education and enlightenment, the formation of society's attitude to this problem.

Key words: national school, national education, ethnos, education, national policy, historiography.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.002

I.A. BULATOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History and Cultural Studies, Saratov State Technical Yu.A. Gagarin University, Saratov, Russia

SUMMER CAMPS OF YOUTH MOVEMENTS IN THE SYSTEM OF NATIONAL EDUCATION OF EMIGRATION OF THE "FIRST WAVE" ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS OF THE PRESS

In the early years, Russian refugees began to think about the importance of preserving their children's national identity. Various emigrant organizations have engaged in the construction of Russian identity among young people. Out-of-school organizations have been very active in this field: scouts, razvedchiki (pathinders), vitiazi (knights), falcons. They used different methods in their work, but nothing gave children such joy as summer camps. In the Russian Empire, children's camps and colonies were also practiced, but their goal was solely to take care of the physical condition and entertainment of the wards. In emigration, their importance has grown. The camps were developed physically, and at the same time gave Russian boys and girls from different regions the opportunity to get to know each other and served as a kind of national intensive. In the absence of the opportunity to be at home, the camps for a while became such a piece of Russia outside of Russia. The construction of national identity went in several ways. The first and most effective method was immersion in the Russian-speaking environment, which affected children of all ages. This was followed by familiarization with culture and traditions: fairy tales were told, scenes based on classical works were staged, divine services were held, libraries were arranged, the national tricolor flew over the camp, and when it was raised, some of the traditional hymns were performed. The third way of constructing identity was conversations with older children, with whom teachers and invited guests discussed the Civil War, the political situation in Russia and the mission of emigrants in the world.

Key words: children's organizations, children's camps, scouts, knights, young scouts, RCDS, Russian emigration, national education.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.003

B.M. GUSEYNOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

TO THE QUESTION OF THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE DERBENT POSSESSION IN THE XVIII – FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURIES

The article deals with the problems of the development of the economy and trade of the Derbent possession and its role in the development of Dagestan in the 18th – first half of the 19th centuries. Derbent is presented as a link between the peoples of the North Caucasus and the countries of the Transcaucasus, the Middle East, as well as an important region of economic and strategic importance. The conclusion is made about the role of Derbent as a major trading center and the only port in Dagestan during this period.

Key words: North Caucasus, Dagestan, Derbent, Caspian Sea, Transcaucasia, economy, trade.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.004

N.N. OSKIN Candidate of technical sciences, senior researcher at the military institute (national defense administration) of the Military academy of the General staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ORGANIZATION OF COMMUNICATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN ARMY ON THE EVE AND DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR

The First World War showed the need for centralized management of the entire information exchange system. At the same time, the organizational measures carried out during the war were of a forced nature, being rather a belated reaction that followed the development of the command and control system. The principle of organizing communication from subordinate to senior did not allow for effective information exchange in the corps– division–regiment management link, which required a new approach in which communication with subordinates would be provided by means of the senior staff. Undoubtedly, the solution to this problem was possible only under the condition of deep transformations affecting the structure of units and units of communications, which could not be implemented during the war, but found its solution in the Soviet period, when communications troops were created and a communications management system was formed.

Key words: wireless telegraph, military marching telegraph parks, state telegraph, information exchange, command and control of troops, telecommunication system, telegraph companies, theater of war.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.005

V.A. SAMARIN Candidate of Historical Sciences Associate Professor of the Department of Humanities and Socio-Economic Disciplines, Russian and Foreign Languages, Faculty of Training of Investigators, St. Petersburg Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia

ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS OF LENINGRAD IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CRIME IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 40S OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The article considers the main activities of public associations and party bodies. The author analyzes the structure of the goals and objectives, as well as the activities of the police assistance brigades, the role of party and Komsomol organizations in the prevention and counteraction of criminal crime. The article examines the views of the population on the state of crime in Leningrad, as well as the participation of public service employees in combating crime.

Key words: militia, crime, militia assistance brigades, public order commissions, Komsomol, VKP(b).

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.006

E.M. MAGOMEDOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Department of History of Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala, Russia

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE RELATIONS OF THE MOUNTAINEERS OF DAGESTAN WITH THE PEOPLES THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE XVII CENTURY

The study of the relations of the mountaineers of Dagestan with the peoples of the North Caucasus is of great scientific and practical importance. The article highlights the issues of the relationship of Dagestan highlanders with the peoples of the North Caucasus in the XVII century. Chechens, Ingush, Kabardins, etc. It examines economic and political ties, talks about objects, trade centers, trade routes. The main items of trade were products of agricultural and cattle breeding, products of local craftsmen. The most famous centers of trade relations were Terskiy Gorod, Tarki, Andy, Derbent, Tatartup. The peoples of the North Caucasus were connected to each other by a network of roads. The article talks about political and cultural ties. It notes that the development of relations in the region was complicated by the arbitrarily imposed by local owners of racketeering fees, as well as robberies.

Key words: Dagestan, North Caucasus, Highlanders, Chechens, Ingush, Kabardians, trade, trade items, shopping centers, Derbent, Terskiy gorod, Tarki, Andy, trade routes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.007

Y.V. SMIRNOVA Ph.D. (History), associate professor of the department of History of Russia Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

M.E. NABOKINA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate professor of the department of History of Russia Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

E.E. KUVSHINOVA Assistant professor of the department of History of Russia Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF HOLDING THE XVIII OLYMPIC GAMES IN 1964 IN MOSCOW

The article is devoted to the understanding of the activities of the Ideological Commission of the Central Committee of the CPSU to consider the issue of holding the XVIII Olympic Games in 1964 in Moscow. The authors of the article for the first time introduce into scientific circulation a number of previously unpublished archival materials of the Russian State Archive of Modern History about the activities of the commission on the development of culture and sports.

Key words: Ideological Commission of the Central Committee of the CPSU, ideological policy, Soviet sport, the Olympic movement, the XVIII Olympic Games.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.008

V.YU. BOCHAROV Director of the Microfilming Laboratory Moscow Regional Archive Center, Pushkino, Russia

PARISH REGISTERS OF THE CITY OF ZARAYSK AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE

In this article we describe the significance of the metric books of the city of Zaraysk as a historical source of the Moscow region. Since Metric books are not only sources for the study of genealogy, but also statistical documents for the Moscow Region of the late XVIII – early XX century. This resource is significant in the description of the form, size, storage location. Articles become the place of storage of the collection, many of which are identified for the first time, the systematization of metric books is carried out. The article shows the crisis situations associated with the creation of funds of metric books of the city of Zaraysk of the late XVIII – early XX century and the integrity of the original source.

Key words: metric books, genealogy, history of the region, integrity of the original source.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.009

ABI SHORESH Department of Political Science of the East of the Institute of Asia and Africa, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

T.A. ODINTSOVA Member of the regional public organization for the promotion of the rights of Kurdish women "VOLIA", Moscow, Russia

SOCIO-POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF KURDISH DANCE

In our article, the Kurdish national dance is considered as a subject of political and cultural research. Its characteristic features are described as part of the artistic culture, and as a factor in the influence of political education. An analysis of the main features of the development of Kurdish history and its cultural component allows us to assert the socio-cultural and political conditionality and mass character of dance culture, separately consider its communicative potential, and also consider it as the most important tool for self-identification and national education. Teaching the national dance to modern youth contributes to the patriotic education of youth.

Key words: political process, political culture, Kurdish people, sociocultural approach, sociocultural factors.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.010

A.A. MITROFANOVA Assistant of the Department of History of Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

ORGANIZATION OF WORK OF MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS SERVING THE LOCAL POPULATION OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

The article analyzes the work of medical institutions serving the local population of the Ulyanovsk region (since 19.01.1943, Ulyanovsk region) during the Great Patriotic War on the basis of archival and previously published material. The article describes the difficulties experienced by Ulyanovsk healthcare during the war period. The author pays special attention to the activities of the oldest medical institutions in the region, on the basis of which their own branches of the medical service began to develop in subsequent years.

Key words: History of the USSR, the Great Patriotic War, Ulyanovsk region, history of medicine, organization of medical service, Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Hospital, VTEC, Ulyanovsk Psychiatric Hospital, Ulyanovsk Tuberculosis Dispensary.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.011

YU.S. NESTEROV Candidate of the Department of History of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

THE GROWTH OF REVOLUTIONARY SENTIMENTS IN THE ARMY AND ITS PARTICIPATION IN THE POLITICAL LIFE OF THE REGION AFTER FEBRUARY 1917 (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION)

The author of the article examines the process of the growth of revolutionary sentiments of soldiers of the rear garrisons of the Russian army after the February events of 1917. The facts from the practice of the activity of representatives of regional and local radical political parties in the army structures are given, it is concluded that war fatigue, dissatisfaction with the policy of the Provisional Government, which advocated its continuation, played a fundamental role for the growth of revolutionary sentiments of the soldiers of the masses of local garrisons, were one of the main reasons for the decomposition of the Russian army.

Key words: February events, World War I, Provisional Government, Middle Volga region, Simbirsk province, garrison, reserve infantry regiment, soldiers, material and living conditions, barracks regime, revolution.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.012

E.V. KALININA Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

E.N. VOLODKOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

A.S. GONCHAROV Bachelor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

HISTORY OF SILKWORM BREEDING ON THE TERRITORY OF THE STAVROPOL PROVINCE. A.F. REBROV’S ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF RUSSIAN SILKWORM BREEDING

This article is devoted to the study of historical reasons, prerequisites of silkworm breeding in Russia, in the North Caucasus and in Stavropol Province in particular. In the course of the study we study the main issues of development of silkworm breeding associated with the activities of A.F. Rebrov and the craft culture of the Stavropol Cossacks. Relevance of the topic is connected with the necessity of private study of the peculiarities of regional silkworm breeding as a factor of formation of economic, social and cultural ties between a city and a village in the Stavropol Territory. Practical value consists in possibility of use of materials of work in the further studying of the Russian silk-growing of XIX – the beginning of XX centuries. From the methodical aspect, the materials of the study can be used in the lessons of historical disciplines at the level of higher educational institution. Scientific novelty of the research is stipulated by discovery of the links between the activity of A.F. Rebrov, crafts of the Stavropol Cossacks and trading of Stavropol inhabitants with representatives of the Greek settlements in the second quarter of the XIX century. These factors formed the basis of the regional craft, which is put forward as a thesis on origin in the centre of Stavropol province the first complete craft of silk production in history of Russian empire. Methodological apparatus of the study consisted of special historical methods, as well as sociological and cultural methods, used as auxiliary. The research resulted in definition of essence, forms and peculiarities of silk production development on the territory of Stavropol Province in XIX – early XX centuries.

Key words: Caucasus, Stavropol, Pyatigorsk, silkworm breeding, mulberry growing, industry, Cossacks.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.013

K.D. GUSEV Postgraduate student of the Department of History of Russia, Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russia

FORMATION OF LITTLE RUSSIAN IDENTITY IN THE 17TH CENTURY: PECULIARITIES OF GENESIS AND EVOLUTION

The article deals with the problematic issues of the origin and evolution of the Little Russian identity in the 17th century. The aspect of the ethnic delimitation of the Orthodox population of Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is being investigated. The terms used in the 17th century as ethno-confessional markers are analyzed. The role of Orthodoxy as a pivotal factor in the ideology of «reunification» in 1654 is revealed, as well as the historical images of St. Vladimir and the Baptism of Russia in this process. The transformation of the role of Kiev sofers in the preparation of the key ideas of "unification" is studied. The ethno-dynastic principle formulated by them, which justified the right of the Romanov dynasty to the Little Russian lands, is highlighted. The milestone historical events of the Liberation war, the Pereyaslav Rada and the "Ruins" are interpreted in a confessional context. The feeling of ethnic kinship between the inhabitants of Little Russia and Russia within the broad framework of an imaginary community is characterized.

Key words: Little Russia, identity, Kiev sofers, ethno-confessional factor, Pereyaslav Rada, Baptism of Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.014

K.S. BURNAKOV Postgraduate student of the Institute of History and Law, Khakass State University named after N.F. Katanov, Abakan, Russia

THE RELEVANCE OF STUDYING THE ETHNIC CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE KHAKAS PEOPLE AS A SUBJECT OF ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

The article provides a historiographical analysis of studies of the ethnic consciousness of the Khakass people. The ethnographic studies of the Khakass people are analyzed, such as Viktor Butanaev, Leonid Kyzlasov, Igor Kyzlasov, Kavris Torbostaev, Venariy Burnakov and others, as well as studies of philosophy, philology, psychology Larisa Anzhiganov, Marat Chistanov, Yulia Oreshkov and others. Each researcher considers his area of consciousness of the Khakass people. The completeness of the study of the ethnic consciousness of the Khakass people in terms of its components is considered. In the future, further research of all possible components is required, and the systematization of the components of consciousness so that there is an interdisciplinary connection between the components of consciousness, and in general they give a general picture of ethnic consciousness, with its development in the process of globalization. It follows that ethnographic studies of the ethnic consciousness of the Khakass people are currently relevant and require further research, as well as in other areas of research, such as cultural studies, psychology, sociology, etc.

Key words: ethnic consciousness, components of ethnic consciousness, ethnographic research, Khakasses, worldview, self-consciousness, self-identification, spiritual culture, material culture.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.015

R.R. KRASNOVA Postgraduate student of the Department of History of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

IMPLEMENTATION OF EDUCATIONAL POLICY IN THE SYSTEM OF SCHOOL EDUCATION IN THE LATE 1930S. (ON THE MATERIAL OF THE ARCHIVE SOURCES OF ULYANOVSK REGION)

The article reveals the problems that the education system faced and ways to solve them based on the material of the Simbirsk region. In the late 1930s the task of introducing obligatory primary education was almost completed. The ruling party set a new goal for the education system – to improve the quality of education itself. That issue correlates with the modern one in the system of school education, which makes the study of the Soviet experience relevant in our time. This goal was to solve the problem of the emergence of educational impact on schoolchildren, both in school and in their free time. On the basis of legislative acts, as well as methodological formulations contained in the archives, the author analyses applied steps (both administratively and methodically) that are aimed at improving the quality of education of the younger generation. The use of both general scientific (analysis, synthesis of information) and particular scientific (historical analysis of didactic sources, historical-typological, historical-comparative) methods requires scientific character and completeness of the study. The author concludes that the education played a key role in improving the quality of education in general, in political education, in the moral formation of the personality of citizens, so the Soviet experience can be transferred to modern realities, taking into account the current situation.

Key words: Soviet system of education, educational work, school, Soviet teacher, additional education.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.016

S.V. SIDOROV Postgraduate student of Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

ORGANIZATIONAL AND AGITATION EVENTS AMONG WORKERS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION)

The article discusses the advocacy and outreach activities carried out by party bodies, with the aim of combating and prevention of crime in the Ulyanovsk region in 1941-1945. These events were considered an effective method of crime prevention. The author argues that during the Patriotic war the role of propaganda and propaganda is increasing as a key means to improve the morale of the population and to maintain well-functioning of the rear. The article analyzes the main types of propaganda activities, such as meetings of homeowners, the party court.

Key words: Ulyanovsk oblast, agitation, propaganda, meeting of the homeowners, the party court.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.017

D.A. SUBBOTIN PhD student, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

ULYANOVSK REGIONAL NEWSPAPER "PROLETARIAN WAY" ABOUT THE WORKERS OF THE VILLAGE

This article is based on a historical source – the periodical press, the organ of the Ulyanovsk Region of the CPSU (b), an attempt was made to carry out a retrospective analysis of the problem and the daily work of collective farm workers in early 1943. The situation at the front depended not only on soldiers and officers, the rear made a great contribution to the victory over the enemy. Collective farms, state farms, MTS, factories worked non-stop, any products produced by home front workers helped front-line soldiers. Since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the system of collective farms has shown its effectiveness in supplying cities and the army, but it also began to be affected by the military factor. A significant number of workers went to the front, they were replaced by women, teenagers, the elderly. Those of them who were now engaged in agriculture with the use of technology had to be taught, accidents and accidents were inevitable. The situation began to deteriorate due to the retreat of the Red Army.

Key words: collective farm, state farm, MTS, repair, tractor, competition.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.018

A.V. FILATOV PhD student, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

ABOUT THE WORK OF EVENING SCHOOLS AND TRAINING OF WORKERS ON THE PAGES OF THE NEWSPAPER "PROLETARIAN WAY" OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION

In this article, based on the materials of the newspaper "Proletarian Way" for 1941, an attempt was made to carry out a retrospective analysis devoted to the problem of training workers on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. In the process of developing industrial industry, an important task for the government was to solve the issue of training workers. In the pre-war years, the rapidly developing industry and the development of new sectors of the economy were in dire need of skilled workers. In this regard, the problems and organizational issues of the training of workers and engineering and technical personnel occupied an important place in the party-state system.

Key words: master, school of the future, Federal Law, Vocational schools.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.019

M.I. HISAMOV Postgraduate student of Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

KOMSOMOL-YOUTH COLLECTIVES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT PROJECTS AND TRANSPORT IN THE 1960S-80S IN THE ULYANOVSK REGION

The article discusses the state and development of freight transport and the beginning of the implementation of social security of the population of the Ulyanovsk region. In the region, a particularly acute issue was the transport communication and the provision of workers with housing. This problem was aggravated by the fact that a large number of people were to be resettled from the flood zone, the lodge of the Kuibyshev reservoir.

Key words: transport, transportation, economic development, social security, housing construction, Sovnarkhoz, party conference, electrification, power station, regional committee of the CPSU (b).

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.020

V.V. SHAKHMATOV The historian Alumnus of the Faculty of History of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE RED ARMY MEN IN THE PERCEPTION OF THE LEADERS AND OFFICERS OF THE WHITE MOVEMENT IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA DURING THE CIVIL WAR: REFLECTION IN MEMOIR SOURCES

The article is devoted to the analysis of the attitude of the leaders and officers of the White Movement in the South of Russia to the Red Army. The research focuses on the moral-ethical and ethno-social assessments of the personnel of the Red Army by the White Guardsmen. Special attention is paid to the specific emotional perception of the enemy by the leadership and officers of the White Movement. It is demonstratedby the example of assessments by the White Guardsmen of the reasons for the entry of their former fellow citizens and even colleagues into the Red Army. The main source of the research is the memoirs of such military-political and ideological leaders of the White Movement as A.I. Denikin and P.N. Wrangel. The article focuses on the differences in the social and ethnic basis of the opposing armies, reflected in the memoirs of the leaders and officers of the White Movement.

Key words: Red Army, Red Guard, Red Army, Volunteer Army, White Movement, Armed Forces of the South of Russia, White Guardsmen, P.N. Wrangel, A.I. Denikin, Civil War, Cossacks.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.021

E.G. SHUVALOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History of the middle Ages and Modern Times, Assistant of the Department of Pedagogy of the latest Technologies, Moscow State Regional University (MSOU), Moscow, Russia

HEALTHCARE AND MEDICAL AFFAIRS OF THE MOSCOW STATE XV-XVII CENTURIES. BASED ON THE TALES OF FOREIGNERS: TYPOLOGICAL SERIES OF WRITTEN SOURCES

State, economic, social and ideological prerequisites laid the foundation for a single vector formation of the Moscow state and the development of the command system. Among which there was an Apothecary's order in charge of the health and treatment of the sovereign and his family. In the future, the order becomes the basis for the formation of a unified healthcare system. Medical practice in Russia had a heterogeneous basis: folk and everyday methods of treatment prevailed, expressed in the synthesis of pagan traditions and Christian teachings. The formation of a foreign medical "school" has not become a fundamental factor in the change and revision of views on traditional approaches. The antagonism between rational and rational approach in the aspects of treatment and prevention will continue for a long time.

In European countries, thanks to the ancient past, medicine as a science is formed much earlier than in Russia. As a result of the Centralization of the Moscow state, old diplomatic ties are being restored and new ones are being formed, thereby reading the cultural and scientific dilogy, which is expressed in diplomatic and embassy relations.

A different cultural and informational background of foreigners, and close acquaintance with Muscovy, through embassy and trade relations, forms a "different" view of social, economic and political relations. Thanks to the written fixation of foreign guests, we can get a huge information layer. Using systematic, retrospective, historical and comparative methods and involving special historical disciplines, it can be postulated that an analysis of the corpus of foreign written sources is necessary for a holistic picture of medical practice and medicine on the territory of the Moscow state.

In this article, we will display the written sources of the "tales of foreigners". Based on the content, we will highlight a typical series reflecting verification regarding medical and healthcare.

Key words: «The Tale of Foreigners», Moscow State, diplomatic relations, medicine, written sources.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.022

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia

HYMN TO THE LORD GOD (PHILOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS RESEARCH IN SEVERAL ARTICLES) Article Three

Starting from the content of the Constitutional norm about God (part 2 of Article 67.1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) and analyzing the provisions of the Bible, religious-theological and philosophical literature, the author reveals the concepts of God, Hymn to the Lord God and forms of God glorification. Considering these concepts, the process of glorifying God is investigated.

Key words: God, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Bible, Hymn, thank the Lord God.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.023

WANG JIAXU Postgraduate, Institute of History and Politics, Moscow state pedagogical university; lecturer at Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China

THE HUMANIST DIRECTION OF CHINA'S POLITICAL MODERNIZATION

The article considers political modernization as a superstructure over all other types of modernization. It is noted that since its inception, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has adhered to a political position according to which the people act as a determining factor in the political, economic, cultural development of society. All the events that took place, all the political decisions of the CCP at various stages of its existence, sought to evaluate from the standpoint of the people, from the point of view of how they would affect the people. In the course of the socialist modernization taking place in China, the Communist Party strives to guarantee the rights of the people and ensure the people's position as master of the country. The activities of the CCP at the present stage of the country's development are aimed at the gradual implementation of political democratization and the rise of people's democracy to the highest (in accordance with existing conditions) level. Among the factors of political modernization of the country, the desire to constantly deepen people's democracy, the need to take into account specific political conditions, the importance of firm leadership of the process by the party, maintaining political stability and expanding citizen participation in political life were identified. It is concluded that the main feature of China's political modernization has become the active efforts made by the leadership to give Chinese politics a more democratic sound, which means that there is reason to say that the modernization carried out in the country's political system has a humanistic orientation.

Key words: politics, political modernization, democratization, China, Chinese Communist Party, people's democracy, humanistic orientation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.024

A.S. ASTAKHOVA PhD student of the Faculty of philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CRITICISM OF CHAUVINISM, JINGOISM, RACISM AND XENOPHOBIA: THE EXPERIENCE OF AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH

The article presents a historical and political analysis of such terms as xenophobia, jingoism, chauvinism and racism. The sources of the origin of these concepts, their interrelation and influence on each other are revealed. A chronology of the appearance of terms is built. The historical continuity of the idea of inequality in Western society is traced.

Key words: Chauvinism, Jingoism, Racism, Xenophobia, Nazism.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.025

F.G. SAFIN Doctor of History, professor, senior research scientist, Institute of Ethnological Studies named after R.G. Kuzeev, Ufa Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; professor, Ufa State Oil Technology University, Ufa, Russia

M.N. ISHEMGULOV Junior Researcher of the Department of Ethnopolitology, R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research – OSP of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

S.V. SKOGOREV Postgraduate student of the Department of Ethnopolitology, R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research – OSP of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

FEATURES OF IDENTITY FORMATION IN A MULTINATIONAL RUSSIAN REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN)

The tendencies of the manifestation of ethnic, regional and all-Russian identity in the multinational Republic of Bashkortostan are considered. Based on the data of several large-scale ethnosociological studies conducted in the republic from 1993 to 2020, the main trends in the formation and development of regional and Russian identities are shown. It is established that the formation of different levels of identities is significantly influenced by the ongoing social, ethno-cultural policy, aimed primarily at the awareness of the population of a single whole, with the territory in which they live, or with the country, with its nationwide idea of a single "Russian identity". In the early 1990 s, ethnic identity prevailed in the republics against the background of the policy of national revival, language and culture. The "parade of sovereignties" in the republics, in turn, elevated the republican (regional) identity. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that over the past little less than 30 years, despite the revival of ethnicity and regional identity, an all-Russian identity is also being formed in national republics. It was found that among respondents of non-Russian nationality, but with their native Russian, the share of identifying themselves as Russians is significantly higher than with their native national language.

It is proved that the inhabitants of the republic began to associate themselves more not only with their ethnicity, but also to feel their belonging to a great country – Russia.

Key words: ethnicity, identity, polyethnic region, all-Russian nation, regionalism, Russia, Bashkortostan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.026

I.V. TROPYNIN Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, associate Professor of the department of Management, Institute of Management and International Business, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

A.S. YASTRZHEMBSKY Master's student of the of the Master's degree of the Department of Management, Institute of Management and International Business, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

THE STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES WITH THE POPULATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE CITY OF KRASNOYARSK

Today in Russia a lot of attention is paid to the topic of increasing the information openness of authorities at all levels, including municipal, as well as building information communication between authorities and the population. A number of documents, including programmatic and strategic ones, have been adopted at the state level, which define priority directions for the development of the information society in the Russian Federation until 2030.

Key words: accessibility of information about the activities of government bodies, mediatization, interaction of municipal authorities and the population, information openness.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.027

P.V. MENSHIKOV PhD in History, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Media Policy and Public Relations, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia

A.A. AGRBA PhD in culture studies, Senior lecturer аt the Department of Media Policy and Public Relations, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia

DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS AS A TOOL FOR CREATING SHARED VALUES

The article discusses the work of digital ecosystems, which have become crucial during the coronavirus pandemic. The purpose of the study is to understand the mechanisms of innovative digital ecosystems as a source of co-creation of common values. The modern platforms allow communities of like-minded people to resist global challenges and threats with their resources, actions and intellectual capabilities. The increased opportunities for processing big data have a high potential in forming strategies based on humanistic values and can be used for the benefit of society, including a more effective implementation of social projects, improving public services offered to the population or stimulating inclusive innovations. To achieve this goal, it seems essential to consider carefully the opportunities provided by the work of ecosystems in the creation of common values. The study explains that interaction of actors within the system can help to develop socially useful meanings, a more holistic view of life, common values. The use of modern opportunities of the digital space and high-tech innovative tools that create synergy between social and technical sides thus stimulating sustainable development of the society.

Key words: digital ecosystems, values, pandemic, artificial intelligence, innovation, sustainable development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.028

E.G. KRYLOVA Graduate student, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

INFLUENCE OF INTERVIEWS WITH POLITICAL LEADERS ON THE FORMATION OF PUBLIC OPINION

Within the framework of this article, the influence of such a tool for forming public opinion as interviews with political leaders is considered. This type of interview is actively used by politicians in the processes of campaigning and within the framework of election campaigns in order to bring to the audience certain information disseminated through the "question-answer" system, change public consciousness, form a certain public opinion in relation to individual political actors such as individual candidates, political parties, political programs, etc. The article also pays attention to the consideration of such definitions as political interview, public consciousness, public opinion. The article reveals the necessity and importance of conducting political interviews, forms of changing public opinion through interviews with political leaders.

Key words: politics, political leader, influencers, interviews, public opinion.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.029

A.G. LAZEBNIK Postgraduate student of the Department of History and Theory of Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CORRELATIONS IN POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS: SELECTION OF INDICATORS

The article proposes a new approach to the study of the transformation of political regimes. Existing theories describe and explain fragments of political reality. These theories have a solid evidence base. At the same time, these theories are in contradiction with each other, so it is not possible to develop a single universal explanatory construction. The basic structure theories of political transformations have been considered. The basic structure theories have been operationalized. As a result of operationalization, structural indicators were identified. It is appropriate to consider the indicators together, in contrast to the practice of existing theories. The obtained indicators will be used to identify correlations between the selected indicators and transformations of political regimes.

Key words: political transformation, political regime, indicators of political transformation, transit theory.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.030

S.S. SANCHAT Postgraduate, Department of State and Municipal Administration, Siberian Institute of Management – Branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Novosibirsk, Russia

ALL-RUSSIAN AND REGIONAL TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS

The article discusses the main parameters and stages of the development of political systems at the federal and regional levels, trends in accordance with these stages. It is noted that in the Russian conditions of political modernization and transformation, the peculiarities of the federal political system are necessarily projected onto regional political systems. The general and specific regional trends in the development of political systems are analyzed. Testify that with a relatively stable and unified political system, there have recently been tendencies to strengthen the political and cultural diversity of the regions.

Key words: Russia, political system, trend, region, federal subject, political analysis.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.031

E.O. SHIROKOVA Postgraduate student of the department of world history, political science and regional studies at the National Research Mordovian state University, Russia, Saransk

FEATURES OF PERCEPTION OF ACTIVITY BUSINESS STRUCTURES FROM THE RESIDENTS REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA

The development of civil society is invariably associated with the emergence of a middle class and an increase in the economic activity of the population. The purpose of this study is to study the peculiarities of the perception of the activities of business structures by the residents of the Republic of Mordovia. The specificity of the attitude to entrepreneurial activity was revealed by the results of a questionnaire survey, which was attended by 300 residents of the Republic of Mordovia aged 18 to 80 years. It is concluded that the perception of business structures in the region largely coincides with the all-Russian trends. There is a trend towards a positive perception of small and medium-sized businesses, and the level of entrepreneurial activity is gradually increasing. At the same time, the considered process of the development of civil society and the formation of the middle class in the Republic of Mordovia is currently complicated due to the unstable socio-economic situation in the region and the low level of income of the population.

Key words: civil society, entrepreneurship, middle class, business structures, Republic of Mordovia.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.032

A.N. MIKHAYLENKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor chairman, International security and Russian foreign policy chair at the Department of national security, Institute of law and national security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

NINA RAMOS ROCIO LEONOR Postgraduate student of International security and Russian foreign policy chair at the Department of national security, Institute of law and national security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN POLICY IN LATIN AMERICA IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMATION OF A NEW WORLD ORDER

In the modern world, the transformation of the world order is taking place, the reason for which is the shift in the balance of power in the world arena in favor of developing countries. Existing theoretical approaches have outlined six main options for a possible new world order: multipolarity, polycentricity, multilateralism, unipolar, bipolar world and a world built by rules. The most likely are multipolar and polycentric worlds. A hierarchical system is more appropriate for a multipolar world, and a heterarchical one for a polycentric one. In case of formation of a multipolar world, Brazil will be at the top of the regional hierarchy in Latin America, and in the case of a polycentric world, Mexico, Argentina, Chile and, possibly, some other states will be added as key points. Russia should take into account these options for the future development in its policy towards Latin America.

Key words: multipolarity, polycentricity, multilateralism, unipolar world, bipolar world, rules-based world, hierarchical system, heterarchical system, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.033

М.F. МAGADIEV Candidate of Sciences (sociology), Associate Professor at the Chair of public administration in the foreign policy activities, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia

THE CHINESE EXPERIENCE OF PROTECTING THE STATE FROM FACTORS OF DESTRUCTIVE INFLUENCE ON THE IDEOLOGICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIETY AND ITS YOUNGER GENERATION

China is the world's largest power with a booming economy. The country has its own, unlike others, type of economy built on the principles of communism, which has generally proven its effectiveness. In fact, the country is a world leader in the economic space. The country managed to achieve such success thanks to the commitment of the population to the Communist Party, which is a merit and a consequence of the effectively organized work of the state Government in this direction. Currently, Chinese youth do not need anything and do not know the problems with hunger and hard work. At the same time, the aggressive information policy of the US and the EU contribute to the destructive impact on the ideological and ideological moods of the younger generation of China. Against this background, there were unrest in Hong Kong and demands for extradition in Taiwan. However, the Communist Party of the country uses a huge number of preventive measures, which are built not only on protection from the media, but also on education, the formation of the ideology of thinking of the Chinese, starting from the earliest years. This experience is especially interesting to Russia, because there is a real mass information attack on the younger generation of our country, against which negative sentiments towards its own government are formed. All this contributes to mass riots in the state and the departure from the stability of economic development. The article presents the main most interesting aspects of the protective measures used in the PRC against the destructive impact on the ideological and ideological foundations of the younger generation and society.

Key words: protection, destructive influence, worldview and ideological foundations, society, patriotism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.034

E.K. TABEIKINA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History and Pedagogy Kazan State Energy University, Kazan, Russia

POLITICO-ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE COUNTRIES ON THE EVE OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR

The entire second half of the 20th century largely passed under the sign of the results and consequences of the Second World War. Many aspects of its history arouse not only purely educational, but also directly related to today's problems, the interest of the general public. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that in Russian history this problem has not received a satisfactory solution. For many years history. The Second World War was the most ideological part of historical science, which led to a simplified and distorted understanding of the policies and strategies of various countries. For decades, the foreign history of the Second World War also experienced a certain bias due to the political relevance of the topic in the conditions of the Cold War. The purpose of the work is to consider the features of the political and economic relations of countries on the eve and during the Second World War. In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were set in the work:

1) to consider the political and economic situation in Germany and England on the eve of the war;

2) identify the features of Anglo-German relations at the initial stage of the war.

Key words: world power, coalition, crisis, fascism, militarization, war.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.035

YUHAN Postgraduate, Department of Political Analysis and Management, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Senior Lecturer, Inner Mongolia Normal University, China

CHINA'S CULTURAL SOFT POWER STRATEGY IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION

The purpose of the article is to analyze topical issues of the implementation of China's soft power policy in the Asia-Pacific region through the tools of cultural influence. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved in the article: the main channels of cultural influence on the states of the Asia-Pacific region, in the context of China's regional hegemony, are analyzed; the main institutions of the implementation of China's cultural soft power strategy are considered on the example of Cambodia and Malaysia. The language and culture of China are presented as the main instruments of influence on the East Asian states. Achieving the goal and solving the tasks required the involvement of the historical method, the analytical method, the formal-logical method.

As a result, it is concluded that since the beginning of the implementation of the «good neighbor» strategy, China's influence in the Asia-Pacific region has increased dramatically. By persuading countries to shape their agendas in line with China's foreign policy and creating a sense of cooperation rather than confrontation, Beijing ensures its «peaceful domination». To do this, China has made a conscious decision to implement its soft power strategy. The purpose of using this approach, as opposed to the approach of hard power or coercive force applied through incentives or threats, is to improve China's image and combat what Beijing considers to be a distorted perception of China, which is reported by the media. At the regional level, China wants to strengthen its influence and strengthen peaceful relations with its neighbors in order to develop its economy and ensure energy supplies.

Key words: China, Southeast Asia, Cambodia, soft power, Malaysia, Chinese culture.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.036

FINLAND'S EXPERIENCE IN PROTECTING THE STATE FROM EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS OF NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE IDEOLOGICAL FORMATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE

The aggravation of political differences in the world, the development of democracy in most countries, a high standard of living and multi-channel information and openness have become the reason for the involvement of young people in politics in virtually every European country. There are many rallies with the participation of a new generation and whole nationalist currents are being formed. Finland is no exception. The article provides an overview of the political activity of young people, citizens of this country and measures to protect the state from external and internal factors of negative impact on the ideological formation of youth. It is concluded that the main measure of such protection in the country is a quality education that every young person in Finland can receive. A high standard of living also becomes a factor constraining the high activity of influencing the worldview of young people imposed from the outside. However, this problem is to some extent peculiar to Finland, in which, to a greater extent, the measures taken are socially explanatory in nature.

Key words: Finland, protection, negative impact factors, ideological formation, youth, politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.037

E.V. TETENKINA Postgraduate student, Department of History and Philosophy, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF FOREIGN ACADEMIC STAFF RECRUITMENT TO RUSSIAN HEIs IN THE XXI CENTURY

The article is devoted to analyze the main difficulties of foreign academic staff recruitment in Russian universities. It outlines some state programs that ensure the modernization of the higher education system and the creation of conditions for increasing its global competitiveness and attractiveness for highly qualified world-class specialists.

Key words: competitiveness, internationalization, foreign scientists, national projects, leading universities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.038

G.G. GURIN Post graduate student, Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

THE RUPTURE OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN IRAN AND GREAT BRITAIN IN 1952 AS THE APOGEE OF THE PROCESS OF NATIONALIZATION OF THE OIL INDUSTRY

The modern complex of contradictions in the Greater Middle East is rooted in the events of the XX century. After the Second World War, Great Britain, lacking the resources to maintain a dominant position in the region, was forced to make serious concessions to other actors. In the context of the process of constructing a renewed balance of power in the region, one of the key issues was the fate of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, which since the beginning of the twentieth century has been one of the most valuable British foreign assets. A key event in post-war nationalization was the severance of diplomatic relations between Iran and Britain in 1952. The paper considers the prerequisites for this event. The purpose of the study is to determine the significance of the severance of diplomatic relations in the context of the development of international relations in the Greater Middle East. The process of growth of anti-British sentiments and the formation of a public demand for the nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company are analyzed.

Key words: Iran, Great Britain, the USA, AIOC, nationalization, oil factor, Greater Middle East, Great Powers.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.039

K.A. KUREVLEV Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGIES OF THE EU AND THE US AT PRESENT ERA

Since the US and the EU are the two most influential players in terms of economic weight, political and humanitarian influence, it is especially important to analyze their contemporary security strategies. This study analyzes the fundamental documents on the security of the EU and the United States – the security strategy of the member countries of the bloc and the national security strategy of Washington. The paper also examines the views on the key issues for the Euro-Atlantic partners, their strategic goals and tasks enshrined in the document. While recognizing that the examined issue is quite broad, the study attempts to take a comprehensive look at the differences and similarities in the approaches of the EU and the US to policy implementation in the context of global security and their own role on the world stage.

Key words: USA, European Union, international security, security strategy, politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.040

E.A. LUKINOVA Postgraduate student, Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF CYPRUS IN THE CONTEXT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN GREECE, TURKEY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

The article is devoted to the relations between Greece, Turkey and the European Union, namely the Cyprus issue and the search for ways to solve it. In 1974 the northern part of the island of Cyprus was occupied by Turkey. Later the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was proclaimed on this territory. To this day the island is divided into two parts and remains the subject of a dispute between Greece and Turkey, which support the Greek and Turkish communities on it, respectively. The Greek-Turkish contradictions in the Aegean Sea are added to the dispute over Cyprus that is why relations between the two states have been tense for a long time. The article discusses the role of international organizations whose members are Greece and Turkey. These organizations have repeatedly put the issue of stabilizing Greek-Turkish relations on the agenda. However, no positive results have been achieved so far. The purpose of the study is to show the place and role of the EU in attempts to resolve the Greek-Turkish conflict. In the second half of the 20th century the European Union assumed the role of mediator in the Greek-Turkish conflict. Since 1981 Greece has been a full member of the EU while Turkey has not been able to reach a similar agreement for a number of reasons. Emphasis is placed on the integration of Cyprus with the EU. In the 90s the EU approves the application of the Cypriot government to join the union. The reasons for the approval of the EU are characterized. It was beneficial for the EU to accept such a state as Cyprus as it has an advantageous geostrategic position. In addition, such a move was seen as an opportunity to unite the two parts of the island and improve relations between Greece and Turkey. Despite repeated attempts to solve the Cyprus problem it was not possible to do this and the Cyprus was included in to the EU as a state that has territorial contradictions with its neighbor.

Key words: Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, European Union, Foreign relations.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.041

I.B. BALASHOV Bachelor of the Faculty of International Relations St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE NECESSITY OF US DIPLOMATIC SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION IN THE ERA OF “SYSTEMIC THINKING CRISIS”

The crisis of the diplomatic system of United States is one of the major problems of modern diplomacy. The article analyzes the causes of the crisis of the US diplomatic system, deciphers the concept of “systemic thinking crisis”. The author reaches the conclusion that the gradual decline in the role of the US in global processes is connected with the diplomatic defeats of the United States. The main purpose of the article is to prove the need for transformation of the US diplomatic system and to determine the ways of such transformation. The article is aimed at increasing knowledge about the connection of the political system, domestic political problems and priorities of the United States with the problems of American diplomatic competence. The article discusses the current types of US diplomatic activity which are traditional, public and digital activities.

Key words: diplomatic system, USA, crisis of systemic thinking, transformation, traditional diplomacy, public diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.3.042

M.YU. MARKOVA Master student of the direction "Historical urban studies" Tyumen State University, Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities, Tyumen, Russia

UNDERGROUND IN TYUMEN IN THE 1980S

Purpose: to study the Soviet underground in the 1980s on the materials of the city of Tyumen. Methods: the methodological basis of the research was the principle of historicism, which involves the study of facts and phenomena in all their diversity in the historical conditions of origin and development, which allowed us to investigate the peculiarities of the formation of underground culture. General scientific methods were also used in the work: analysis, generalization, synthesis, retrospective and analytical. The use of content analysis consisted in the study of arrays and products of communicative correspondence. An important method of research was the method of oral history. Results: the information of periodicals for the 1980s on the state of the cultural environment of the city of Tyumen was studied, which contributed to the analysis of the formation of public opinion on the cultural phenomenon of the underground. Sources of personal origin and oral history allowed us to see the picture of cultural life from the inside, as well as the problems that accompanied the phenomenon of the underground. Conclusions: The analysis of the features of the Tyumen underground allowed us to conclude that in the city of Tyumen, the phenomenon of the underground was practically not studied. Individual underground trends were reviewed by researchers. The most popular for studying was samizdat.

Key words: unofficial culture, underground, samizdat, communist regime, Komsomol organizations, countercultural process, rock movement, Western Siberia, Siberian punk, alternative culture.

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