№ 1 (118), 2025

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 15. Issue 1 (118), 2025

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Syzdykova Zh.S., Kirda N.S. The Main Aspects of Religious Beliefs in Pre-Islamic Central Asia
Zuev A.V., Rubtsov S.N., Borodin M.P., Platonov A.V. The Naval Education Reform of 1867: Problems and Results
Shavlayeva T.M., Daho A.A. Traces of Ancient Settlements in the Territory of the Modern City of Achkhoy-Martan (Based on Field Research Materials)
Vyazmitinova I.P. Reflection of Transport Problems in Russian Urban Planning
Ganiev T.K. Industrial Development During the Great Patriotic War: Workers, Problems and Solutions (Based on Materials from the Ulyanovsk Region)
Kezhutin A.N. Materials of Land Relations of the Second Half of the XIX – First Third of the XX Centuries as a Source of Genealogical Information (Based on the Materials of the Bykovskoy Volost of the Zemlyansky District of the Voronezh Province)
Artemova S.F., Koroleva L.A., Miku N.V. The Activities of DOSAAF of the Penza Region for the Development of Technical Sports and the Preparation of the Population for Air Defense in the Late 1950s – 1960s.
Koshkareva S.G. To the Question of the Complexities of the Soviet-Japanese Fisheries Relations in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century
Nasibullina E.D., Galiullina S.D. The Personality of Karim Khakimov Through the Eyes of Contemporaries – Archival Recordings and Letters

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Alikberova A.N., Delov N.S., Grigoryan D.K. Youth and Patriotism: Influence During the Period of the Special Military Operation
Dzakhova L.H., Kadzova V. Transformation of Threats to National Security in the Context of the Strengthening of Destructive Communities in the Russian Segment of the Internet
Shcherbachenko A.K., Kostyukova E.A., Grigoryan D.K. The Influence of Foreign Agents on Political Processes: Legal, Social and Cultural Aspects
Santrosyan A.G., Santrosyan A.G. Civil Society as a Subject of Innovative Transformation of the Political System of Russia
Aparin S.V., Sukhoverkhova A.A., Grigoryan D.K. Digital Wars: the Role of Black PR

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Komertsov V.V., Mrykhina O.D., Grigoryan D.K. Social Engineering in Cyberspace as a Threat to National Security
Tarasenko E.N., Azhigalieva M.M., Rudchenko V.V. Media Representation of Migrants as a "Threat to National Identity" in Educational and Labor Spheres

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Varshavskaya S.A., Bredikhin A.V. Current Areas of Humanitarian Cooperation Among the BRICS Member Countries
Huang Yue, Pochta Yu.M. The Impact of the American Alliance System on Asia-Pacific Security
Veliyev R.R., Tahmazli Gadir Gadir. Azerbaijan's Balancing of Power in the South Caucasus: Strategies and Challenges
Bogdanova A.V., Makarova D.A. Peculiarities of Migration Processes in Serbia in the Context of Serbian Immigration to Germany
Tafik Diyar Fakher. The Role of International Organizations in Strengthening Governance Structures in Instability: Cases of Middle Eastern Countries
Elimkhajiyev R. The Impact of Regional Tensions in the Indo-Pacific Region on the Transformation of the US 'Strategic Ambiguity' Policy Towards Taiwan (2011-2023)

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

Medvedeva V.K., Medvedev N.P. Information Policy of the State: Modern Challenges and Directions of Improvement. Part 2

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.001

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

N.S. KIRDA Master's Student Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

THE MAIN ASPECTS OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS IN PRE-ISLAMIC CENTRAL ASIA

The article is devoted to the religions of the peoples of Central Asia. Since ancient times, multicomponent processes have been reflected over a long period of time in the political, ethnic and cultural life of different peoples in the territories of the large Central Asian region, a crossroads where many diverse cultures intersected. It is emphasized that at present, adherence to the Islamic faith is combined with the preservation of the cult practice of ancient pre-Islamic traditions that originate in early religious beliefs, including Shamanism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, Mazdakism, Buddhism, Nestorianism, Judaism and Tengrianism. It is concluded that the mosaic of religious beliefs of various peoples of Central Asia was formed over the course of a millennium and spread in the region before the arrival of the Arabs and the Islamization of the region.

Key words: religious beliefs, Central Asia, syncretism, worldview.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.002

A.V. ZUEV Candidate of historical sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor the of private law departments, Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, Saint Petersburg, Russia

S.N. RUBTSOV Doctor of historical sciences, Professor, Professor of the Departments of social sciences Northwest Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA), Saint Petersburg, Russia

M.P. BORODIN Candidate of historical sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Retraining and Advanced Training of Specialists, St. Petersburg University of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia named after Hero of the Russian Federation General of the Army E.N. Zinicheva, Saint Petersburg, Russia

A.V. PLATONOV Candidate of philosophical sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of socio-economic and humanitarian disciplines, Leningrad Regional Branch of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia

THE NAVAL EDUCATION REFORM OF 1867: PROBLEMS AND RESULTS

The unsatisfactory state of the “maritime education issue” in the country forced the government to take steps to establish the necessary number of maritime educational institutions, with a properly developed curriculum and detailed conditions for obtaining navigation titles. In 1867, “maritime classes” were opened to replace all existing maritime educational institutions in Russia. The 1867 legislation was of undoubted benefit to the merchant fleet. In various places in the Empire, new maritime schools were established, which made it possible to reduce dependence on foreigners who filled navigation positions on Russian ships. Nevertheless, the country felt the need to replace the 1867 legislation with new ones that met the changed conditions of navigation.

Key words: maritime education, educational institutions, maritime classes, testing programs, merchant navy, Russian empire, reforms, ship captain, navigator, personnel training.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.003

T.M. SHAVLAYEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Department of Ethnology Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Russia

A.A. DAHO Candidate of Science Degree in History, Department of Historical, Philological and Socio-Political Studies H.I. Ibragimov Comprehensive Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Grozny, Russia

TRACES OF ANCIENT SETTLEMENTS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE MODERN CITY OF ACHKHOY-MARTAN (BASED ON FIELD RESEARCH MATERIALS)

This article is the result of field research conducted in the Achkhoy-Martan cultural and historical zone of the Chechen Republic, specifically within the central part of the town of Achkhoy-Martan. Materials consisting of fragments of pottery were studied in this area after the collapse of the bank of the Mart River (Fortanga), which occurred as a consequence of a powerful flood in June of the current 2024. The flood revealed previously unknown archaeological traces in this location. According to experts-archaeologists involved in our work (M.Kh. Bagaev, Kh.M. Mamaev, S.Kh. Isaev), the samples of the discovered artifacts indicate that a settlement with a well-developed production economy existed in this agglomeration in the distant past.

Following a scientific seminar held on August 21, 2024, in the Department of Ethnology at the Institute of Humanities Research of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, the participants of the search work appealed to the Committee of the Government of the Chechen Republic for the Protection and Use of Cultural Heritage. They proposed to place this area under protection until planned archaeological excavations are organized in the future.

Key words: Chechen Republic, history, archaeology, Achkhoy-Martan, cultural and historical heritage site, settlement, subsistence economy, Scytho-Sarmatian-Alanic period, Middle Ages.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.004

I.P. VYAZMITINOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate professor, Chair of Humanities and Social and Economic Disciplines, Ulyanovsk Civil Aviation Institute named after B.P. Bugaev, Ulyanovsk, Russia

REFLECTION OF TRANSPORT PROBLEMS IN RUSSIAN URBAN PLANNING

The publication is of a historiographical nature. It attempts to identify transport problems in the scientific literature, considered in the human dimension, in order to contribute to a more complete solution of these problems. The following methods are used: comparative, analytical, systemic. In the course of the study, some recommendations were developed based on the concepts of urbanists: 1. Of the two models of organizing the urban environment, one should focus on an ecological pedestrian city with developed public transport as opposed to a car-oriented one; 2. Any city with a competent transport policy can be adapted to the growth of motorization; 3. Proper organization of road traffic is necessary; 4. Efforts should be directed at making public transport more attractive; 5. New types of transport should be wisely introduced without abandoning proven ones.

Only a part of the problems is presented, as their volume is significant. The urban approach does not replace, but complements the technical aspects of transport development, economic calculations, sociological research and the efforts of many other specialists. A comprehensive approach is needed, taking into account the experience of foreign countries and domestic experience.

Key words: livable city, public transport, pedestrians, public space, urban studies, urban environment.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.005

T.K. GANIEV Applicant, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: WORKERS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE ULYANOVSK REGION

During the war years, the Ulyanovsk region experienced a real industrial revolution due to the construction of a large number of enterprises based on evacuated equipment and the construction of new industrial facilities. All the enterprises created during this period were further developed after the war and became the basis for strengthening the industrial potential of the region, being its foundation at the present stage. Industrial construction and the heroic work of this region, providing the material and technical base of the front and rear, played an important role in achieving the economic superiority of the USSR over the enemy. Maintaining a high level of industry has made it possible to maintain and increase the necessary production facilities. In the course of the work, an analysis was carried out of materials and documents drawn from the funds of the State Archive of the Modern History of the Ulyanovsk Region (GANUO) Foundation 8, which were first introduced into scientific circulation, which contributed to the reconstruction of a detailed picture.

Key words: evacuation of factories, military production, home front, assistance to the front.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.006

A.N. KEZHUTIN Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Social Science and Humanities Department, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; Professor, Department of Humanitarian and Legal Disciplines, Dzerzhinsky Branch of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “National Research Nizhny Novgorod State University named after. N.I. Lobachevsky", Nizhny Novgorod region, Dzerzhinsk, Russia; Professor of the Department of Civil Law Disciplines, Branch of the Private Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow University named after S.Yu. Witte" in Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod region, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

MATERIALS OF LAND RELATIONS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – FIRST THIRD OF THE XX CENTURIES AS A SOURCE OF GENEALOGICAL INFORMATION (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE BYKOVSKOY VOLOST OF THE ZEMLYANSKY DISTRICT OF THE VORONEZH PROVINCE)

Introduction. The loss of a significant corpus of registers of births and other archival materials of personal records of the population of the southern regions of Russia during the military conflicts of The Great Patriotic War makes it relevant to turn to indirect sources of genealogical information, the most important of which are documents of land relations. In the article, for the first time, the problems of restoring genealogical ties using microhistorical approaches are analyzed from a historical perspective. The aim of this work is to reconstruct the family composition of the rural settlements of Nazaryevka-1, Nazaryevka-2, Nazaryevka-3, Nazarovka, Otrada Bykovskaya volost, Zemlyansky district, Voronezh province in the period 1861-1922. The source base of the article is based on the materials of the Russian State Historical Archive, the State Archive of the Voronezh Region, as well as on a set of published documents. As a result of the study, the family composition of the studied settlements, the features of land ownership and land use were established.

Key words: land relations, genealogy, Nazarovka, Nazaryevka, Bykovskaya volost, Zemlyansky district, Voronezh province.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.007

S.F. ARTEMOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Philosophy, Penza University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

L.A. KOROLEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Dean of the Institute of Digital Management, Penza University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

N.V. MIKU Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Philosophy, Penza University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

THE ACTIVITIES OF DOSAAF OF THE PENZA REGION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL SPORTS AND THE PREPARATION OF THE POPULATION FOR AIR DEFENSE IN THE LATE 1950S – 1960S.

The article examines the work of DOSAAF, created in the Penza region in 1952 by merging DOSARM, DOSAV and DOSFLOT on the basis of Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR № 360 of 20 August 1951, to increase mass and sports skills in technical sports in the Penza region in the late 1950s – 1960s; the actions of the Society and the regional executive committee to prepare the population for air defense in general, in the region, and in the regions, in particular, are characterized.

The study reflects quantitative and qualitative indicators of development in the region of shooting, underwater, amateur radio, aviation sports, etc.; the dynamics of training of masters of sports and sportsmen-dischargers, mainly of the 3rd category, is presented; disclosed is a system for holding competitions – the DOSAAF Spartakiad in technical sports, regional and regional competitions, etc. The practice of local air defense circles and civil defense schools has been studied: training the population in various programs, residents passing the «Ready for Air Defense» standards, training a public instructor corps, etc. The organization of work to protect the lives of people on the water in the region by employees of the rescue service and primary organizations of DOSAAF was analyzed. Data on the presence of units of the Penza Society, the course of their reorganization (auto club, radio club, glider station, shooting club, air defense schools, service dog breeding club, youth sports and technical school, etc.) are given. Deficiencies in the material and technical support of the DOSAAF work were revealed: a shortage of sports weapons (pistols, rifles, etc.), a lack of gas masks, capes, etc.

Key words: USSR, Voluntary Society for Assistance to the Army, Aviation and Navy, technical sports, air defense, Penza region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.008

S.G. KOSHKAREVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History and Philosophy, Vitus Bering Kamchatka State University, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

TO THE QUESTION OF THE COMPLEXITIES OF THE SOVIET-JAPANESE FISHERIES RELATIONS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The fish industry in the Far East remained a field of rivalry between Japan and the USSR after World War II. The problem of rational use of biological resources of the seas adjacent to Russia and Japan has not lost its relevance, the more interesting is the historical experience of interaction between the two countries in this sphere. This article studies Soviet-Japanese fishing relations after World War II, as well as the problems that arose in the process of building them. The author set himself the following tasks: to attract and analyze unpublished documents from the funds of the State Archive of Kamchatka Territory in order to cover this topic in more detail; to reveal the scale of Japanese fishing in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its impact on the Kamchatka fishing industry. The article proves that the resumption of active activity of Japanese fishermen in the Pacific Ocean using drift fishing methods led not only to the reduction of salmon stocks, but also had a negative impact on the Soviet fishing industry. In the course of the study retrospective, historical and genetic methods were applied, and scientific analysis of historical sources was carried out.

Key words: Kamchatka, drift fishing, Japanese fishermen, fishing convention, Soviet-Japanese relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.009

E.D. NASIBULLINA Postgraduate student of the Department of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies of the U fa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia

S.D. GALIULLINA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia

THE PERSONALITY OF KARIM KHAKIMOV THROUGH THE EYES OF CONTEMPORARIES – ARCHIVAL RECORDINGS AND LETTERS

Khakimov played a key role in forming strategic alliances between the USSR and several Arab states, including Egypt, Syria, and Iraq. His diplomatic intuition and ability to urge cooperation amid heightened international tensions were important factors in strengthening the Soviet Union’s position in the Middle East. His contemporaries’ accounts highlight his ability to influence decision-making, which contributed significantly to the integration of the region’s countries into the Soviet political and economic sphere.

Archival sources and letters reflecting his interactions with Arab leaders provide new insights into not only his role as a diplomat, but also as a cultural mediator who managed to establish personal ties based on mutual respect and trust. Khakimov not only represented the interests of his country, but also took an active interest in the region’s problems, showing himself to be a true supporter of Arab movements.

The article will also analyze the influence of his personal qualities on the confidence and charisma with which he took steps to achieve a compromise between different interests. His determination to get to the heart of the matter and listen to all sides earned him a reputation not only as an advocate for Soviet interests, but also as someone who genuinely cared about the future of the region. In conclusion, this study represents an important contribution to understanding not only the personality of Karim Khakimov, but also the specifics of Soviet diplomacy in general, showing how the personal approach and professional skills of one person could influence the international relations of an entire region.

Key words: Karim Khakimov, Soviet diplomacy, biography.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.010

A.N. ALIKBEROVA Undergraduate of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

N.S. DELOV Candidate of Law Sciences. Associate Professor of the Department of Criminology and Operational Investigative Activities FGKOU in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics, Moscow, Russia

YOUTH AND PATRIOTISM: INFLUENCE DURING THE PERIOD OF THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION

The Russian Federation is currently facing geopolitical challenges that have led to a special military operation. This situation has revealed significant changes in the field of patriotism in Russian society, especially among young people. Public organizations are a key component of the political system, represent one of the most effective methods of forming the values of modern youth, fostering a sense of pride in their country and willingness to defend its interests. Given the ongoing military operation, more and more attention is being paid to the patriotic education of modern youth.

Key words: political elite, political leadership, state, patriotism, youth, "Young Guard of United Russia", special military operation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.011

L.H. DZAKHOVA Doctor of Political Sciences PhD, Head of the Department of Philosophy and Political Science North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia

V. KADZOVA Postgraduate student at the Department of Philosophy and Political Science North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia

TRANSFORMATION OF THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE STRENGTHENING OF DESTRUCTIVE COMMUNITIES IN THE RUSSIAN SEGMENT OF THE INTERNET

The article examines the main factors and conditions for the formation of destructive communities on the Internet and the features of their transformation at the present stage. The mechanisms of influence and penetration into society have been revealed. Ways to counteract the influence of destructive communities on the Internet are proposed. The main determinants of the involvement of young people in the activities of such organizations are described, as well as the vectors of preventive activities are identified, the purpose of which is the timely identification of persons, especially minors, belonging to "risk groups" in order to prevent and suppress their deviant behavior.

Key words: destructive communities, destructive information, youth subcultures, extremism, terrorism, crime prevention, national security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.012

A.K. SHCHERBACHENKO Doctor of Law, Professor of the Department of Criminology and Operational Investigative Activities Rostov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rostov-on-Done

E.A. KOSTYUKOVA Undergraduate of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN AGENTS ON POLITICAL PROCESSES: LEGAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS

The article examines the role of foreign agents in the functioning of the political system of Russia and foreign countries. The relevance of this problem is considered, the main normative legal acts regulating the activities of foreign agents in relation to the Russian Federation are identified, and the trend of spreading the activities of foreign agents within the framework of mass media is recorded. The article analyzes how foreign agents can influence the civil position of people and the political system of countries. The grounds for inclusion in the register of the Ministry of Justice are analyzed.

Key words: state, civil society, media, foreign agent, law, security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.013

A.G. SANTROSYAN Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

CIVIL SOCIETY AS A SUBJECT OF INNOVATIVE TRANSFORMATION OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF RUSSIA

The socio-political system leaves some areas open to public mobilization due to the lack of clear state regulation. By increasing the social activity of citizens, their civic consciousness, solidarity and responsibility for the conditions and quality of life of Russians, non-profit organizations perform an important task in developing the country along the path of forming a civil society. The article uses sociological, comparative and other methods to study the dynamics of civil society development in Russia. It is proven that the interaction of civil society with the state as the main element of the country's political system influences the innovative transformation of the political system.

Key words: civil society, political system, state, transformation processes, non-profit organizations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.014

S.V. APARIN Lecturer of the Department of Information Support, Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

A.A. SUKHOVERKHOVA Undergraduate of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the State Duma under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

DIGITAL WARS: THE ROLE OF BLACK PR

In the modern world, the development of information and technological space is becoming a real threat to the lives of the population. This paper examines one of the key problems of our time, information wars and the role of black PR in them. It is worth noting that black PR is one of the powerful tools for using disinformation, which is deeply rooted in information warfare strategies, the use of compromising materials, and their influence on public opinion and political processes. The topic of the ability of black PR to destroy the reputations of states, sow distrust and politicize societies is raised.

Key words: black PR, public relations, fakes, disinformation, propaganda.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.015

V.V. KOMERTSOV Senior Lecturer at the Department of Information Support, Rostov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

O.D. MRYKHINA Undergraduate of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Professor at the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

SOCIAL ENGINEERING IN CYBERSPACE AS A THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY

The article examines current threats to national security presented by cyberattacks and terrorist acts, as well as the interrelationship between cyberattacks and terrorism, determining possible consequences for the system of ensuring state integrity. Various types of cyberattacks are analyzed in the context of the modernization and implementation of information and communication technologies in all areas of public life. The importance of taking measures to prevent cyberattacks as key challenges faced by the country's citizens is emphasized. The article highlights ways to ensure personal and state security in the context of cyberattacks and terrorism.

Key words: cybercrime, cyberattacks, national security, cyberterrorism, computer systems.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.016

E.N. TARASENKO Adjunct of postgraduate studies FGKOU in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

M.M. AZHIGALIEVA Undergraduate of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

V.V. RUDCHENKO Undergraduate of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

MEDIA REPRESENTATION OF MIGRANTS AS A "THREAT TO NATIONAL IDENTITY" IN EDUCATIONAL AND LABOR SPHERES

The article analyzes media representations of migrants as factors influencing the perception of national identity in educational and labor spheres. The main channels of dissemination of negative images of migrants in educational institutions and the labor market are considered. Analytical materials for the formation of an objective opinion on migration processes and their impact on labor and educational relations are studied. An analytical process of the labor market for the demand for specialists from among migrants in various sectors of the economy is implemented. The relationship between the educational level of migrants, their professional skills and employment opportunities in the Russian Federation is analyzed.

Key words: national identity, labor sphere, education, migrant, personnel shortage, media, optimization of labor processes, social integration.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.017

S.A. VARSHAVSKAYA Student of the sociological faculty of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

A.V. BREDIKHIN Candidate of historical sciences, leading researcher of the Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

CURRENT AREAS OF HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION AMONG THE BRICS MEMBER COUNTRIES

The article analyzes the humanitarian cooperation of BRICS countries as a key element in establishing a multipolar world order. It examines the main areas of collaboration, including cultural exchange, educational projects, youth initiatives, and cultural heritage preservation. The achievements of BRICS in advancing humanitarian diplomacy are reviewed, and the challenges and prospects for further integration are outlined. The article concludes with the importance of the humanitarian agenda in strengthening BRICS’ positions on the global stage.

Key words: BRICS, humanitarian cooperation, international integration, cultural exchange, education, youth initiatives, cultural heritage preservation, multipolar world, humanitarian diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.018

HUANG YUE Postgraduate Student Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

YU.M. POCHTA Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Department of Comparative Politics Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPACT OF THE AMERICAN ALLIANCE SYSTEM ON ASIA-PACIFIC SECURITY

After the end of World War II, the United States established an alliance system in the Asia-Pacific region (APR) to counter the communist bloc. Following the Cold War, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, both external and internal conditions within the alliance system underwent significant changes. Since 2008, China has experienced rapid economic and military development, raising concerns in the United States. In 2012, the Obama administration fully implemented the Asia-Pacific "rebalance" strategy. This was a new attempt by the U.S. to establish multilateral institutional leadership in the Asia-Pacific region as well as regional institutional hegemony.

The subject of this study is the U.S. alliance system in the Asia-Pacific region, while the focus is on the current state and future prospects of U.S. strategy in response to China's growing military-strategic influence on the dynamics of the region. The theoretical and methodological framework of this research is based on the realism paradigm. The study employs comparative and historical analysis combined with historical facts and authoritative data.

This article argues that U.S. strategic interests will indirectly increase the likelihood of an arms race and present APR countries with a dilemma of choice: "China" or "the U.S.".

Key words: U.S. alliance system in the Asia-Pacific region, U.S. Asia-Pacific strategy, military spending, U.S.-China strategic rivalry, Asia-Pacific security order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.019

R.R. VELIYEV Post-graduate student of the RUDN University named after Patricia Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

TAHMAZLI GADIR GADIR Master student of the RUDN University named after Patricia Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

AZERBAIJAN'S BALANCING OF POWER IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS: STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES

Azerbaijan’s unique position in the South Caucasus is defined by its ability to balance the interests of actors such as Russia, Turkey, Iran, and Western countries. Possessing substantial energy resources and a favorable strategic location, the country acts as a kind of «connective hub», aiming to minimize risks and strengthen its foreign policy positions. The goal of this study is to analyze the set of strategies employed by Baku to maintain a balance of power in a rapidly changing regional environment.

The authors highlight Azerbaijan’s balancing strategy, which seeks to establish and sustain partnerships with various global and regional power centers, including Turkey, Iran, China, the European Union, and Israel. The South Caucasus is viewed as a strategically significant region, endowed with abundant natural resources and the potential to serve as a transport corridor between East and West.

Furthermore, the study examines Azerbaijan’s multi-vector foreign policy, which is designed to effectively maneuver between various power centers to optimize national interests. Cooperation with Turkey is grounded in ethnic and cultural affinity, with China in mutually beneficial economic projects under the «Belt and Road Initiative», and with Iran in geographical proximity and historical ties. Relations with the European Union and Israel expand Azerbaijan’s foreign policy horizons by attracting investments and technologies.

Thus, the article underscores the complexity and multifaceted nature of Azerbaijan’s foreign policy strategy, aimed at optimizing national interests amidst growing global competition and shifting regional dynamics. This makes it relevant for further study in both academic and practical contexts.

Key words: South Caucasus, geopolitics, multi-vector strategy, trade and economic relations, balance of power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.020

A.V. BOGDANOVA PhD student at the department of Theory and history of international relations, faculty of humanities Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

D.A. MAKAROVA Student of the Institute of Foreign Languages Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

PECULIARITIES OF MIGRATION PROCESSES IN SERBIA IN THE CONTEXT OF SERBIAN IMMIGRATION TO GERMANY

The article examines the features of migration processes in Serbia. The author examines the specifics of migration policy in both Serbia and Germany. The fact that economic turbulence is the main catalyst for migration, and the role of political uncertainty in Kosovo in the issue of population outflow is being determined. The purpose of the work is to analyze the features of migration processes in Serbia, focusing on migration from Serbia to Germany. The author examines the main directions of the migration flow, mentioning the advantages of the host countries.

Key words: Serbia, Germany, migration, the EU.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.021

TAFIK DIYAR FAKHER Graduate student, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN STRENGTHENING GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES IN INSTABILITY: CASES OF MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES

The article is devoted to the study of the role of international organizations in reforming the governance structures of the Middle East countries in the context of political instability and economic crises. The relevance of the work is associated with the need to analyze the effectiveness of international initiatives in the region, where weak governance and high corruption hinder sustainable development. The purpose of the study is to assess the contribution of international organizations (UN, World Bank, IMF) to improving public administration and political stability using the example of Iraq, Egypt and Lebanon. The hypothesis is that the success of reform programs depends on taking into account the domestic political situation and national characteristics. Research methods include case studies, comparative analysis and content analysis of analytical reports. The results showed that international organizations contribute to strengthening institutional structures, combating corruption and improving transparency, but face internal political barriers. The greatest success is observed in countries with political stability and support for reforms from national elites. The work emphasizes the need for flexible programs consistent with internal processes to achieve long-term results.

Key words: Middle East, international organizations, governance reforms, UN, World Bank, IMF, governance stability, anti-corruption reforms, regional security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.022

R. ELIMKHAJIYEV Graduate student Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPACT OF REGIONAL TENSIONS IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE US 'STRATEGIC AMBIGUITY' POLICY TOWARDS TAIWAN (2011-2023)

The article examines the transformation of the US "strategic ambiguity" policy towards Taiwan in the context of growing regional tensions in the Indo-Pacific region during 2011-2023. It analyzes key factors that influenced the evolution of the American approach, including the strengthening of China's military capabilities, changing regional balance of power, and intensification of military-technical cooperation between the US and Taiwan. Special attention is paid to the transformation of the military-strategic dimension of US-Taiwan relations, development of air defense systems, modernization of naval forces, and strengthening deterrence capabilities. Changes in cybersecurity, intelligence cooperation, and military training are considered. The study examines US legislative initiatives aimed at expanding interaction with Taiwan, as well as China's reaction to changes in American policy. The conclusion emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the transformation, driven by the need to strengthen Taiwan's defense capabilities amid growing regional rivalry.

Key words: strategic ambiguity, Taiwan, USA, PRC, Indo-Pacific region, military-technical cooperation, regional security, deterrence, military modernization, international relations.

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.118.1.023

V.K. MEDVEDEVA Candidate of political sciences, scientific editor of the publishing house "Science today", Moscow, Russia

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of political sciences, professor, editor-in-chief of the publishing house "Science today", Moscow, Russia

INFORMATION POLICY OF THE STATE: MODERN CHALLENGES AND DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT PART 2

The authors of the article, based on a review of relevant publications of Russian and foreign scientists, analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of the state information policy pursued by government structures in recent years. Various approaches of the authors to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the problem are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the problems of strengthening the state information policy during the Special Military Operation in Ukraine. An attempt is made to conduct a comparative analysis of the state information policy of Russia and other countries.

Key words: state information policy, Russian Federation, Special military operation, information wars, review of publications, theoretical and practical aspects, modern challenges, foreign experience.

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