№ 12 (105), 2023

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 13. Issue 12 (105), 2023

CONTENTS

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Gogolev A.I., Akimova V.S. History of the Study of Physical Anthropology on the Ethnogenesis of the Yakuts (XIX-XXI Centuries)
Huseynova A.A., Abdulpatakhova H.M. Ethnic History of Mountain Jews and Interaction with East Caucasian Peoples: Aspects of Socio-Economic Development and Religious Policy
Dzagurova N.Kh., Gapeeva M.S. The Elimination of Illiteracy as a Way of Involving the Peoples of the North Caucasus in the Bolshevik Modernization of the 1920s-1930s
Dmitriev I.V. Implementation of Russian National Policy in the First Years of Soviet Power: Scientific Literature of the Early 19th Century
Ermakova E.V. Paradoxes of the Belgian Monarchy in the XXI Century
Ermolenko E.V. Social and Ideological Metamorphoses of Early Soviet Culture in 1917-1920s
Zakomaldin M.M. Popular Universities as a Factor of Preservation Socio-Cultural Unity of the Russian Post-Revolutionary Abroad (Historical Aspect)
Ivanov M.A. Nizhny Novgorod Merchants in the Structure of City Self-Government in the Post-Reform Period (Based on Materials of the City Duma of Nizhny Novgorod)
Ilychev I.V. The Development of the Livestock Sector of Agriculture in the Ulyanovsk Region in 1976-1982
Ishemgulov M.N. Territory as a Factor of Ethnic Consolidation (on the Example of the Bashkir Ethnic Group)
Magomedov A.Dz. Dagestan on the Eve and During the Persian Campaign of Peter I
Nesterov Yu.S. The Struggle of Political Parties for the Army in 1917 (Based on the Materials of the Simbirsk Province)
Omarov A.I. From the Experience of Russian Governance in Dagestan in the First Half of the XIX Century
Smirnova Y.V., Golovina A.I. The History of the Holocaust on the Territory of the RSFSR in Russian and Foreign Historiography
Chitaev N.E., Lyubimov A.A. From the History of the Resettlement of the Volga Germans to the Priishimye
Jin Weizhou. Status Quo and Analysis of Language Use of Russians in Tachen (Chuguchak) Xinjiang China

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Endryushko A.A. Ethnosocial Distance and Ethnic Stereotypes: Methodology of Study and Dynamics of Change Against the Backdrop of Special Military Operation

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Gabdrafikov I.M., Khaliulina A.I. The Republic of Bashkortostan: the Ethnic Situation According to the Results of the Census of the All-Russian Population Census of 2020-2021
Nikulin M.A., Gavrilkin A.V., M. Masud Ibrahim. State Coups and Economic Development in Africa: Interconnection and Challenges
Inkheev A.B. Cognitive Analysis of Statements by Japanese Officials on the Concept of the Indo-Pacific Region and QUAD
Safin F.G., Kamaletdinov D.A., Kulsharipov F.R. The Social Foundations of the Influence of the Market Economy on the Financial Situation of the Population in a Multiethnic Region (on the Example of the Republic of Bashkortostan)
Kostina T.A. Territorial Organization of Local Self-Government in the Subjects of the Russian Federation of the Ural Federal District
Kuznetsov I.M. The Profile of Russian Identity and Patriotic Attitudes of the Population of a Large Industrial City in the Conditions of SMO (the Case of Magnitogorsk)
Gabdrafikov I.M., Shilkin D.A. On the Dynamics of the Number of Russians in the Republic of Bashkortostan According to the Results of the All-Russian Population Census of 2020-2021
Savitsky R.S. Organizational Aspects of Patriotic Education of a Citizen in the Russian Federation
Khaliulina A.I., Safin F.F., Shilkin D.A. Patriotism as a Factor in the Formation of Russian Identity (According to Surveys in Bashkortostan)
Khaliulina A.I. Functioning of Social and Communication Systems in the Context of the Media Ecosystem
Gabrielyan G.R. Development of National Internet Platforms as a Factor in Ensuring Information Security of the PRC

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Belyaeva E.A., Alekseeva M.E., Goldenberg M.S. The State Support for Patriotic Civil Society Institutions in the Russian Federation (Using the Example of the All-Russian Public-Government Organization «Russian Military Historical Society»)
Kushnerov I.S. Protection of a Private Investor by the State in the Sanctions Regime
Levsha A.V. The Main Directions of Digitalization of Regional Management

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Morozov D.A., Medvedev N.P. The Specifics of the Processes of Transformation of the Modern World Order: the Main Conflicts
Alekseenko O.A. Specifics of the US Military Strategy in the Arctic Region
Volokh V.A., Dmitrieva T.N. Forced Migrants in Russia and France: Integration Trajectories
Kuleshova N.S., Chen Hanzhi. Political Interaction of the PRC with Africa in the Context of Economic Interaction
Petrosyan F.A. Sectoral System of Cooperation in the Northern Direction of Russia’s Foreign Policy
Rakityanskiy N.M., Tsaritsyna P.M. The Political Elites of France in the Context of Mental Research (Part 1)
Shakhbanova A.S. Saudi Arabia and Iran: from Confrontation to Dialogue

STUDENT SCIENCE

Tarilova M.V. The Problems of Migration to Russia from the CIS Countries at the Present Stage
Chuzhikov N.A. The Concept of Liberal Nationalism in the Works of P.B. Struve

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.003

A.I. GOGOLEV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia

V.S. AKIMOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia

HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ON THE ETHNOGENESIS OF THE YAKUTS (XIX-XXI CENTURIES)

The article provides an anthropological description of the Yakuts (Sakha people) on the basis of the integrated use of materials on language, archeology and anthropology, written data. The physical anthropology of the Sakha people (Yakuts) has been the subject of scientific research mainly since the XIX century (M.L. Gecker, R.K. Maak, A.F. Middendorf, V.L. Seroshevsky, etc.). In the second half of the XX century, the range of sources on the anthropology of the Yakuts expanded and deepened due to data on the biochemical analysis of blood and genetic materials. At the same time, of particular interest are the molecular genetic data of the blood, according to which ancient Caucasoid components were found in their blood, and the presence of an ancient Caucasoid impurity was partly due. So, according to linguistic data, the Yakuts are part of the Turkic group of languages of the Altai language family, they are cattle breeders (they contain cattle and horses). In their anthropology, they belong to the Central Asian small race.

Key words: Yakuts, ethnogenesis, Baikal anthropological type, ancient Turks, gene pool, Arctic small race, molecular genetic analysis, Evenks, Evens, Paleoasiatics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.001

A.A. HUSEYNOVA Ph.D. Associate Professor, Dagestan State University, Department of "History of Dagestan", Makhachkala, Russia

H.M. ABDULPATAKHOVA Postgraduate student, Dagestan State University, Department of "History of Dagestan", Makhachkala, Russia

ETHNIC HISTORY OF MOUNTAIN JEWS AND INTERACTION WITH EAST CAUCASIAN PEOPLES: ASPECTS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND RELIGIOUS POLICY

The article examines the issues of the ethnic history of mountain Jews, their relations with the East Caucasian peoples, whose ethno-cultural ties influenced the socio-economic development of the population of the region and were expressed in mutual influence in the field of material and spiritual cultures, linguistic borrowings of mountain Jews, both with the peoples of Dagestan and the Eastern Caucasus as a whole. The article describes the main stages, ways and time of settlement of the ancestors of the mountain Jews who were settled from Tabasaran to Absheron, as well as in small groups – in Albanian cities south of the Kura River.

The article examines the religious policy of the Sasanian Shahinshahs Shapur II (309-379), Yezdigerd II (438-457) Peroz (459-484), his son Kavad I (489-531) and the son of Kavad Khosrov I Anushirvan (531-579), which contributed to mass migration Jews from the territory of Sasanian Iran to the Eastern Caucasus. In this regard, it is quite possible that the settlements are mainly.

Key words: Armenia, Sasanian Iran, Byzantium, Eastern Caucasus, Khosrow I Anushirvan, mazdahids.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.002

N.KH. DZAGUROVA PhD in History Senior Scientific Associate, North Ossetian Institute for Humanities and Social Studies – branch of Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladikavkaz, Russia

M.S. GAPEEVA PhD in History Senior Scientific Associate, North Ossetian State University named after Kosta Levanovich Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia

THE ELIMINATION OF ILLITERACY AS A WAY OF INVOLVING THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE BOLSHEVIK MODERNIZATION OF THE 1920S-1930S

The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of literacy elimination in the North Caucasus in the 1920s-1930s. The subject of the study is a wide range of measures implemented by the state during the study period to overcome illiteracy in the North Caucasus. The object of the study is the forms and methods of work of the party and Soviet authorities for the elimination of illiteracy.

The choice of chronological framework is due to the need to cover the period that is most indicative for understanding the specifics of the Bolshevik state policy aimed at the development of the emerging Soviet space.

The novelty of the research lies in the use of a number of archival sources concerning measures to combat illiteracy in the North Caucasus introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

The methodological basis of the research is the method of system analysis, which made it possible to recreate the reality of the events and processes under consideration to the greatest extent and allowed us to consider the elimination of illiteracy in the North Caucasus of the 1920s-1930s in the context of extensive modernization processes aimed at solving issues of socialist construction.

Based on the complex of measures carried out, it is concluded that the eradication of illiteracy carried out in the 1920s and 1930s contributed to the active involvement of the peoples of the North Caucasus in social production.

Key words: North Caucasus, literacy eradication, social production.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.004

I.V. DMITRIEV Founder, «Vinylmarkt», Moscow, Russia

IMPLEMENTATION OF RUSSIAN NATIONAL POLICY IN THE FIRST YEARS OF SOVIET POWER: SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE OF THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY

The national policy of Russia is an important scientific problem, the relevance of which in the light of the international situation and the implementation of the course of individual countries to overcome mass migrations and interethnic conflicts is gaining momentum. The article is aimed at a historiographical review of scientific literature on Russian national policy at the beginning of the 19th century. During this period, in contrast to Soviet historiography, the term “nation” received a new meaning. The significant immersion into the depth of the topic being studied by scientists was reflected in the study of such concepts as “nationalism” and “national-cultural autonomy”. Literature of the early 2000s. took a new approach to the conclusions of the authors, who put at the forefront the national principle of the federal form of government, which influenced the inequality of ethnic groups and their isolation. The problem of the evolution of multi-ethnic Russian statehood at the beginning of the 19th century began to be analyzed from the standpoint of ethnopolitical, socio-economic and cultural integration of peoples in the Russian Federation. Particular attention in the historiography of 2000-2020s. allocated to the People's Commissariat for Nationalities of the RSFSR. Among the independent group of research works, works that examine the formation of the ethnic elite and its role in the national politics of Russia stand out. The presented analytical review of scientific literature allowed the author of the article to highlight independent topics in the study of Russian national policy in the first years of Soviet power. It is concluded that over the past two decades, scientists have raised new facts, clarified the information previously received by their predecessors, and created independent scientific schools in the field of nation-state building in Russia.

Key words: national policy, modern historiography, Russia in the 1920s.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.005

E.V. ERMAKOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of French Language, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

PARADOXES OF THE BELGIAN MONARCHY IN THE XXI CENTURY

Throughout the twentieth century. The political influence of the Belgian kings was steadily declining, which forced the institution of the monarchy to adapt to the rapid changes in society both within the kingdom and beyond its borders. Nowadays, the main critics of the monarchical regime in Belgium are supporters of republican views and Flemish separatists. Despite the obvious decrease in the real power of the king, today there is a surge of interest among ordinary Belgians in the life of King Philip and his family, which is expressed in the growth of the moral influence of the monarchy on society. There were periods in the history of the country when the kings of the Belgians were especially popular among the population, which contributed to the strengthening of their personal authority. Today, in this paradoxical situation, the future of the kingdom depends both on the personality of the monarch himself and on the degree of mediatization of the entire dynasty in a communication-oriented society. But the successful PR initiatives of the current royal family immediately cause sharp criticism in the Flemish press and other political circles, which consider the existing regime outdated. The question is whether the institution of the Belgian monarchy can take its rightful place above the political fray in a country plagued by long-standing, irreconcilable ethnic differences.

Key words: Belgium, monarchy, popularity, republicans, Flemish separatists, King Philip of the Belgians, mediatization, PR, mass media, press, royal family, interethnic contradictions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.006

E.V. ERMOLENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of International Cooperation Institute of Management and Regional Development Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

SOCIAL AND IDEOLOGICAL METAMORPHOSES OF EARLY SOVIET CULTURE IN 1917-1920S

The article examines the ideological and socio-political factors that led to the emergence of a new Soviet culture as a historical phenomenon that had no analogues in the previous periods of human civilization. The author focuses his attention both on the objective trends in the socio-cultural development of Russian society in this period and on the activities of the new revolutionary government established in Russia after October 1917, aimed at transforming all spheres and aspects of the former Russian culture.

In this regard, the relevance of the study is because culture is one of the most important spheres of public life that determines the formation of a human personality, its social development, attitude to oneself and to the world around. Based on this, the experience of building a new Soviet culture certainly arouses some interest, since the Bolsheviks largely managed to form new meanings and values in Russian society and change the practice of cultural construction in the country. This circumstance is especially important in the modern period of history, when in many respects the Russian society has lost the previous guidelines of cultural, value development, and it is finding new ones. Based on this, the experience of both theoretical development and practical construction of a new culture in the early Soviet period will undoubtedly contribute to the development and use of the most advanced methods and practices during the implementation of modern cultural policy in the new Russia at the beginning of the XXI century.

The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the author, based on historical material, literature and sources, showed all the dialectical complexity of the processes of cultural construction in the early years of Soviet power. The author underlined that they were far from being fully determined solely by the practical, tactical tasks of the Bolshevik leadership, as well as by the ideologems of Marxism, to large extent, they had a historical and objective nature, determined by the socio-cultural trends of global civilizational development during this period.

Key words: culture, ideology, Bolsheviks, values, symbols, power, society, traditions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.007

M.M. ZAKOMALDIN Senior Lecturer, Department of Social, Humanitarian and Economic Disciplines, Ufa Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa

POPULAR UNIVERSITIES AS A FACTOR OF PRESERVATION SOCIO-CULTURAL UNITY OF THE RUSSIAN POST-REVOLUTIONARY ABROAD (HISTORICAL ASPECT)

Numerous emigrant scientific, educational, educational and other organizations and institutions operated for a long time in the Russian post-revolutionary abroad. In many ways, thanks to their activities, it was possible to counteract assimilation and denationalization processes. Emigrant scientific and educational institutions, national universities established in large expatriate diasporas have become centers of cultural and educational activities. The potential of the representatives of the national creative intelligentsia made it possible to create a kind of socio-cultural space in which the education of emigrant youth was successfully carried out for quite a long time.

Key words: emigration, post-revolutionary abroad, educational and educational activities, people's University, higher school, education, education of youth.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.008

M.A. IVANOV Lecturer of the Department of Complex Humanities of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

NIZHNY NOVGOROD MERCHANTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF CITY SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD (BASED ON MATERIALS OF THE CITY DUMA OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD)

This article is devoted to the study of the activities of the Nizhny Novgorod merchants in the structure of Nizhny Novgorod city government in the period 1870-1917, from the initial stage of urban reform to the October Revolution of 1917. The paper provides a wide range of statistical data concerning the number of the merchant class in the city government. The participation of its representatives in various city and provincial commissions is characterized.

Key words: merchants, Duma, self-government, estate, representation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.009

I.V. ILYCHEV Applicant of the Mordovian State Pedagogical University named after M.E. Evseviev”, Saransk, Russia; physical education teacher at the Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russia

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR OF AGRICULTURE IN THE ULYANOVSK REGION IN 1976-1982

The article is devoted to an urgent and still insufficiently studied problem in the regional aspect in modern realities. The purpose of the article is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the development of animal husbandry in the Ulyanovsk region in 1976-1982. The methodological basis of the article is a set of general scientific and special historical principles and methods of scientific research. Such methods as descriptive-narrative, problem-chronological, comparative-historical, historical-system and statistical analysis methods were used in the work. The author, on the basis of archival materials first introduced into scientific circulation, seized from the storage facilities of the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region and the State Archive of the Latest History of the Ulyanovsk region, statistical materials and periodicals, reviewed the process of implementing a comprehensive program of measures aimed at intensifying agricultural production in the Ulyanovsk region, traced the dynamics of the development of the livestock industry in the time period under consideration, as well as achievements in agricultural production were evaluated. In conclusion, the author came to the conclusion that in the Ulyanovsk region in 1976-1982, the range of measures carried out by the party authorities aimed at intensifying the development of the livestock sector of agriculture certainly brought results, but still this turned out to be insufficient in the conditions of the growing crisis in agriculture in order to fully fulfill the tasks set by the party.

Key words: Ulyanovsk region, agriculture, animal husbandry, collective farm, state farm, breeding, agricultural production.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.010

M.N. ISHEMGULOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Junior Researcher at the R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnology – OSP of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

TERRITORY AS A FACTOR OF ETHNIC CONSOLIDATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BASHKIR ETHNIC GROUP)

The article analyzes the territory of settlement as a marker of ethnic identity of Bashkirs. On the basis of the key moments of the history of the Bashkir people, the manifestation of space (territory) is considered as an ethnoconsolidating factor. The study revealed that traditionally Bashkir native land acquires a sacred meaning and is mythologized. The priority of land relations is clearly manifested in the fact of preserving the patrimonial right of the Bashkirs within the Russian Empire. During crucial periods in the history of the Bashkir people, the dominant issues are often the problems of rights to the territory.

Key words: sacred territory, ethnic identity, ethnic consolidation, myth, mobilization of ethnicity, share, patrimonial law.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.011

A.DZ. MAGOMEDOV M.H. teacher, "Dagestan State University", Department of “History of Dagestan”, Makhachkala, Russia

DAGESTAN ON THE EVE AND DURING THE PERSIAN CAMPAIGN OF PETER I

The article examines the internal political situation in Dagestan on the eve and during the Persian campaign of Peter I. The political fragmentation of the region significantly complicated the advancement and strengthening in the Caucasus-Caspian region, although the territory of modern Dagestan during this historical period was one of the promising directions in eastern foreign policy for Russia. A large role in the article is given to the confrontation between three regional powers that had their own interests in this region, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire and Safavid Iran. Peter I, understanding the complexity and risks of being drawn into a full-scale war for Russia in the east, committed and demonstrated the thoroughness of Russia’s foreign policy in this region. The topic of the Expeditionary Army is also touched upon, which in the future turned into the Lower Corps and followed the precepts of Peter I, serving faithfully to Russia.

Key words: Peter I, Lower Corps, Caucasus-Caspian region, Surkhay Khan I, Dagestan, Safavid Iran, M.A. Matyushkin.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.012

YU.S. NESTEROV Assistant of the Department of History of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

THE STRUGGLE OF POLITICAL PARTIES FOR THE ARMY IN 1917 (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE SIMBIRSK PROVINCE)

The author analyzes the activities of local organizations of political parties in the military units of the garrisons of the Simbirsk province after the February events of 1917. It is concluded that the Bolshevik organizations had an undoubted success in the struggle for the masses of soldiers. They won one victory after another in the confrontation with the Socialist Revolutionaries and the Menshevik Defencists.

Key words: Volga region, Simbirsk garnison, soldiers, regimental committee, party organization, military work.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.013

A.I. OMAROV Doctor of History Professor, "Dagestan State University" Department of "History of Dagestan", Moscow, Russia

FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIAN GOVERNANCE IN DAGESTAN IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY

The article examines the experience of Russian administrative management in the North-Eastern Caucasus in the first half of the XIX century. An attempt is made to analyze various forms of management (bailiff system, military district, commandant's management), to identify their specifics, main content, features of functioning, chronology.

The factual material shows that, despite the fact that many areas of the region were covered by military operations, the Russian government is making a number of attempts to introduce different forms of governance in the controlled territory.

Many elements of administrative and military management will be included in the "military-people's" system, which with minor changes was preserved until 1917. This allowed local societies to gradually, slowly, but surely adapt to the new, imperial reality. Accordingly, it can be stated that the Russian government in the first half of the XIX century uses the whole range of measures aimed at.

Key words: Administration, politics, bailiff, district, management, reforms, commandant.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.014

Y.V. SMIRNOVA Associate professor at the Department of history, Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

A.I. GOLOVINA Graduate student, Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

THE HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RSFSR IN RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN HISTORIOGRAPHY

World War II is one of the most tragic pages in the history of the 20th century. It drew more than three-quarters of the world's population into its orbit and was the bloodiest and most destructive. Committed by the Nazis during their twelve-year reign in Germany, and especially during World War II, atrocities have no analogues in the history of human civilization. One of the components of the practice of destruction is the Holocaust. This term refers to the mass destruction of certain peoples during the Second World War, the death of a significant part of the European population during the systematic persecution and destruction by the Nazis and their accomplices in Germany and in the captured territories in 1933-1945.

The Holocaust was a state-organized, systematic persecution and destruction of a number of European peoples by Nazi Germany. In the history of Holocaust research, there is a problem of identifying victims, that is, who is considered victims. Some scholars tend to limit the concept of the Holocaust solely to the persecution and destruction of Jews, based on the idea of the uniqueness of Jewish genocide, that is, the intention of total destruction. Another view shared by many anti-fascists and researchers of fascism is the recognition of all victims of Nazi terror, who were systematically driven to death camps, killed in gas chambers and burned in crematoriums. The occupied territory of the RSFSR, where the policy of genocide was also implemented, did not go unnoticed by Nazi criminals.

In this regard, the authors of this article, using problem-chronological and comparative-historical research methods, turned to the understanding and analysis of domestic and foreign literature devoted to the Holocaust on the territory of the RSFSR in order to identify the state of study of this topic.

Key words: the Holocaust, the Great Patriotic War, RSFSR, genocide, fascism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.015

N.E. CHITAEV Student of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Ershov (branch) Tyumen State University, Ishim, Russia

A.A. LYUBIMOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History, socio-economic and social disciplines Tyumen State University (branch) named after P.P. Ershov, Ishim, Russia

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE RESETTLEMENT OF THE VOLGA GERMANS TO THE PRIISHIMYE

In the article, the authors consider the reasons for the resettlement of Volga Germans to Siberia and, specifically, to the Priishimye, using the example of several families, describe their path and further life in a new place. They describe the creation and work of Germans in the labor army. They raise the issue of the need for such an ambiguous policy during the war years. The results of the resettlement of Volga Germans are summarized.

Key words: Klepikovskoye village, Priishimye, Volga Germans, repression.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.037

JIN WEIZHOU Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

STATUS QUO AND ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE USE OF RUSSIANS IN TACHEN (CHUGUCHAK) XINJIANG CHINA

This article analyzes the use of the Russian language in Tacheng (Xinjiang). Xinjiang is one of the regions where the largest number of Russians are concentrated, especially in Tacheng. However, in Tacheng, Russians' use of their native language has declined and the Russian language is in danger of extinction: almost all Russians use Chinese to communicate, and some Russians use both Kazakh and Uyghur languages. The reasons for this phenomenon lie in the following: firstly, the small size of its population; and secondly, the way of life, widespread interethnic marriages and the low use of the Russian language in the area. The language and writing of Russians in China need political protection. The protection of the Russian language and writing should play an important role for the Russian cultural association, and therefore it is important to consolidate efforts to ensure the preservation of the language and cultural heritage.

Key words: Tacheng, Xinjiang, Russian in China (Chinese Russian), Russian usage status, languages of endangered minorities, language protection, cultural preservation.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.018

A.A. ENDRYUSHKO Candidate of sociological sciences, Research Fellow of the Center for the Study of Interethnic Relations, Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia

ETHNOSOCIAL DISTANCE AND ETHNIC STEREOTYPES: METHODOLOGY OF STUDY AND DYNAMICS OF CHANGE AGAINST THE BACKDROP OF SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION

The article presents the results of an intelligence study on the dynamics of interethnic attitudes of Russians (Russian majority) towards Chechens against the backdrop of the special military operation (SMO) and changes in the information background in the media in relation to them. Comparisons are made with other ethnic groups – Uzbeks (as associated with immigrants) and Belarusians (as closest to Russians). The empirical basis of the study was the data from an online survey in the Moscow region (autumn 2023, 498 respondents). The results showed that the change in discourse in the media against the backdrop of the SMO at this stage did not have a significant impact on the interethnic attitudes of the Russian majority towards people of other nationalities, in particular, towards “Caucasians”. Attitudes towards Chechens are (as before the SMOO) on the same level as attitudes towards Uzbeks – to both groups, Russians express a much lower degree of readiness to interact in different spheres of communication than to Belarusians. The article also proposed and tested an approach to the study of ethnic stereotypes based on the synthesis of the social distance scale and the model of the content of stereotypes (according to S. Fisk). Evidence suggests that testing stereotypes at different levels of social interaction may indeed be beneficial. However, this is more likely to be typical for groups towards which there is a fairly high degree of non-acceptance – in this case, ethnic stereotypes may differ at different levels of social distance.

Key words: ethnosocial distance, ethnic stereotypes, interethnic attitudes, interethnic relations, media, special military operation, attitude towards Chechens.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.016

I.M. GABDRAFIKOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Department of Ethnopolitology of the R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research – OSP of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

A.I. KHALIULINA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Department of Ethnopolitology of the R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research – OSP of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN: THE ETHNIC SITUATION ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF THE CENSUS OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN POPULATION CENSUS OF 2020-2021

The article analyzes the ethnic composition of the population in the Republic of Bashkortostan based on the results of the All-Russian Population Census of 2020-2021. The results are compared with the data from previous censuses in the region. The study revealed new ethnodemographic trends that were not previously typical for the republic according to the results of the population censuses of 2002 and 2010. A comparison of the census results with the data of current statistics shows that their indicators differ markedly from each other. An analysis of the ethnic indicators of the census results indicates that ethnic groups in the republic showed a multidirectional dynamics of their numbers. Another feature of the results of the last two censuses is the rather high proportion of those who did not indicate their national ethnicity.

Key words: Rosstat, Bashstat, Russia, Bashkortostan, Ufa, All-Russian population census, ethnic statistics, ethnic composition, ethnic groups, ethnicity and nationality.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.017

M.A. NIKULIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Assistant of the Department of Theory and history of international relations of the Russian University Friendship of Peoples named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

A.V. GAVRILKIN Russian University student Friendship of Peoples named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

M. MASUD IBRAHIM Russian University student Friendship of Peoples named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

STATE COUPS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: INTERCONNECTION AND CHALLENGES

Introduction. The article is dedicated to the analysis of state coups in Africa and their influence on the economic development of the region. From 1952 to the present, African countries have encountered numerous events of an internal political nature, including military state coups in Egypt, Zimbabwe, Sudan, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and political crises in Libya, Egypt, and the Central African Republic, which have affected political instability, economic recession, and the strengthening of terrorist structures. In turn, these problems, particularly the latter, pose a security threat to the states in the region. This is precisely why the scientific and practical relevance of the study lies in the necessity of studying the interdependence between state coups in African countries and the subsequent changes, including in the economic aspect.

Objective and tasks. The objective of this research is to study the relationship between state coups and economic development in Africa. The tasks of this study include: 1) reviewing the historical context of state coups in African nations; 2) investigating the impact of state coups on the economic condition of African countries that have undergone this stage; 3) identifying scenarios for the development of African countries after a change in power.

Methods. The achievement of the research objective and successful resolution of the set tasks are accomplished using one of the forecasting methods – scenario building, within which the authors examine the concept of "Vision 2050" of the ECOWAS and propose a possible scenario for the development of African countries after a series of state coups.

Results. As a result of the research, it was possible to trace the evolution of state coups in Africa, their impact on the economic development of the countries, and to formulate one of the possible scenarios for the development of African states after the stage of unconstitutional power transition.

Conclusions. Based on the research, the authors concluded that state coups are closely related to the development of African nations. On one hand, they serve as obstacles to economic, democratic, and regional development, and on the other hand, they stimulate both intra-state and regional forces to overcome crisis situations.

Key words: state coups, economic development, social development, African countries' politics, ECOWAS, coup belt.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.019

A.B. INKHEEV Postgraduate student at the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

COGNITIVE ANALYSIS OF STATEMENTS BY JAPANESE OFFICIALS ON THE CONCEPT OF THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION AND QUAD

The article is devoted to the cognitive analysis of statements by Japanese officials on the concept of the Indo-Pacific region and QUAD. The author focuses on Japan's policy aimed at creating an image of a democratic, pacifist country with the rule of law and democratic values, but at the same time a state capable of fighting back. In this context, QUAD, the driver of which is Japan, provides it with the opportunity to expand the scope of its own obligations, providing a counterweight to China. All this is consistently reflected in the statements of Japanese officials.

Key words: Cognitive Analysis, QUAD, Japan, Indo-Pacific region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.020

F.G. SAFIN Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher of the Department of Ethnopolitology, R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Studies – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor of the Department of Philosophy, History and Social Engineering of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Ufa, Russia

D.A. KAMALETDINOV Junior Researcher at the Institute of Ethnological Research named after R.G. Kuzeev – OSP FGBNU Ufa Federal ResearchCenter of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

F.R. KULSHARIPOV Postgraduate student of the Department of EthnopolitologyInstitute of Ethnological Research named after R.G. Kuzeev – OSP of the Ufa Federal ResearchCenter of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

THE SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE MARKET ECONOMY ON THE FINANCIAL SITUATION OF THE POPULATION IN A MULTIETHNIC REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN)

Based on the materials of recent ethnosociological studies, the social foundations of the influence of the market economy on the financial situation of the population in multinational Bashkortostan are considered. The peculiarity of the region is that more than half of the population of the republic lives in rural areas. Despite this, over the past 30 years of the formation of a market economy, the population has adapted to its conditions to a certain extent. One of the indicators of the integration of the population into market relations is the level of financial situation. It was revealed that the difficult economic situation, low wages and pensions in general have a negative impact on the overall level of material well-being of the population. It has been established that despite the existing stratification of the population by income, ethnosociological studies show a less pessimistic mood of ethnic groups in the republic. Ethnosociological studies have revealed that a very significant part of the population is confident in improving their standard of living. Another significant group of respondents, regardless of nationality, expressed the opinion that their standard of living is likely to increase. At the same time, surveys have shown the existing ethnosocial differentiation among ethnic groups in the republic, which is very typical and characteristic of the market economy as a whole.

Key words: market economy, multiethnic region, social stratification, differentiation, ethnic groups, financial situation, satisfaction, income level.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.022

T.A. KOSTINA Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and international relations historical and philological, Faculty of Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF THE URAL FEDERAL DISTRICT

The article analyzes the state policy on the territorial organization of local self-government (LSG) in the Ural Federal District (UrFO).

The purpose of the study is to identify the main approaches of the subjects of the Russian Federation included in the Ural Federal District to the implementation of the state policy on the development of LSG in terms of creating a system of municipalities on their territory. A systematic approach and institutional, comparative, as well as historical scientific methods are used. The following priorities characteristic of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the development of the system of municipalities are highlighted: 1) the spread of the practice of moving away from the settlement principle of creating municipalities and the transition to the formation of municipal districts uniting rural settlements and urban districts; 2) the municipal elite of Chelyabinsk took a course to abolish the urban district with inner-city district municipalities, one of the 3 in Russia; 3) as a result of the formation of municipal districts, the two-level system of LSG that operated in municipal districts, ensuring maximum approximation of local authorities to the population, is abolished; 4) the role of urban districts and municipal districts in the system of municipalities of the subjects of the Russian Federation is being strengthened.

It is concluded that the main priorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the Ural Federal District in the formation of municipalities are not the creation of optimal conditions for the participation of citizens in the implementation of LSG, but the economic self-sufficiency of municipalities and the ability of the state to effectively manage the territory.

Key words: local self-government, subjects of the Russian Federation, municipal formation, city district, municipal district, settlements.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.021

I.M. KUZNETSOV Candidate of Sociology, Leading Researcher, of the Center for the Study Interethnic Relations, Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia

THE PROFILE OF RUSSIAN IDENTITY AND PATRIOTIC ATTITUDES OF THE POPULATION OF A LARGE INDUSTRIAL CITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF SMO (THE CASE OF MAGNITOGORSK)

The article presents the first results of applying a multidimensional methodology to measuring the level of All-Russian identity in a sociological study. The methodology of a multidimensional approach to measuring the level of All-Russian identity was constructed on the basis of a five-component model for measuring in-group identification developed by C. Leach and his colleagues. The method allows to quantify the degree of development of such components as solidarity (a measure of psychological connection with other members of the community), emotional satisfaction with belonging to the community, centrality (the significance of belonging to this community in the structure of the individual's Self-concept), individual self-stereotyping (a measure of perceiving themselves in terms of their group membership), in-group homogenity (a measure of perception of this communities as a whole). The article analyzes the relationship of indicators of the profile of Russian identity with different variants of the complex of patriotic attitudes of citizens. The empirical basis of the study was the data from a survey of residents of Magnitogorsk in 2023.

Based on the results of the analysis, the author draws a number of conclusions. A multidimensional study of the profile of the Russian identity of residents of a large industrial city of Russia in the conditions of SMO (in comparison with the available data on the identity profile of citizens of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) at relatively peaceful time (2021) showed an intensive increase in indicators for all components of the structure of Russian identity, which generally reflects the dynamics of consolidation processes taking place in Russian society against the background of geopolitical the confrontation between Russia and Western countries.

The analysis of changes in the structure of patriotic attitudes at the context of SMO showed that in the context of global external pressure, patriotic beliefs of a "protective" nature are becoming in demand in public opinion, emphasizing the importance of protecting Russia from external innovative influences, both political and cultural.

Key words: profile of All-Russian identity, multidimensional approach, multi-component model of in-group identification, hierarchy of identification grounds, identity configuration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.024

I.M. GABDRAFIKOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher, R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Studies – Subdivision of the Ufa federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

D.A. SHILKIN Postgraduate, Institute of Ethnological Research Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE NUMBER OF RUSSIANS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN POPULATION CENSUS OF 2020-2021

The article makes a comparative analysis of the dynamics of the number of the largest ethnic group in Russia – Russians in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Russian Federation according to the results of the population census of 2020-2021, comparing them with the data of previous censuses: 2002 and 2010. The change in the number of Russians in the country, namely the tendency of its reduction from census to census, is not only the subject of research by scientists, but also the object of public attention, individual politicians. The censuses record a steady downward trend in the number of Russians in post-Soviet Russia. Experts name various objective and subjective reasons for the decline in the number of Russians according to official census data. At the same time, the dynamics of the number of Russians in modern Russia is not developing in a straight line, its regions have their own specifics. One of these regions is the Republic of Bashkortostan, in which the statistical indicators of Russians have their own characteristics.

Key words: russians, Rosstat, Bashstat, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, All-Russian Population Census, ethnodemography, ethnic statistics, ethnic composition, ethnic groups, natural and mechanical movement of the population.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.025

R.S. SAVITSKY Postgraduate student of the South Russian Institute management – branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF A CITIZEN IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the organizational features of the formation of patriotic consciousness in the Russian Federation, taking into account internal politics and external threats. The author examines the measures taken by administrative authorities to increase the level of patriotism, including state programs and federal projects, as well as the importance of patriotic education in different age groups. Attention is focused on the difficulties associated with the patriotic consciousness of youth, the impact of globalization and information technology. The importance of the prestige of the teaching profession in the context of patriotic education is emphasized, as well as the need to adapt approaches and methods in this area to modern conditions.

Key words: patriotism, patriotic education, pedagogical worker, globalization, age groups, youth, public policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.026

A.I. KHALIULINA Senior Researcher, Department of Ethnopolitology Institute of Ethnological Research Ufa Federal Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

F.F. SAFIN Postgraduate, Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ufa Federal Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

D.A. SHILKIN Postgraduate, Institute of Ethnological Research Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

PATRIOTISM AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF RUSSIAN IDENTITY (ACCORDING TO SURVEYS IN BASHKORTOSTAN)

The article examines the problems of the formation of Russian identity in multiethnic Bashkortostan. One of the factors significantly influencing the formation of the all-Russian identity is the patriotism of Russians, especially manifested during the period of military and other conflicts in the world that threaten the Russian Federation. During the ethnosociological survey, it was found that such an opinion is widespread among all strata of Russian society, regardless of ethnicity. It was also revealed that a significant group of respondents constantly have a feeling of feeling like a Russian. This position is generally supported by a significant part of the youth of the republic. The peoples living in the Republic of Bashkortostan generally share the idea of a "united all-Russian nation." The special military operation that began in Ukraine only strengthened the unity of the peoples of Russia, increasing the patriotic mood among citizens, regardless of nationality.

Key words: patriotism, Russian identity, Bashkortostan, military conflicts, Russian nation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.027

FUNCTIONING OF SOCIAL AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MEDIA ECOSYSTEM

In the life of a modern multiethnic region, the ecosystem of mass media is gaining a significant role. The peculiarities of the functioning of the social and communicative system in the mass media lies not only in the fact that a huge mass of information comes from it, but representatives of different ethnic groups living in the region have a special predilection for the transmitted information, which in turn has a direct impact on interethnic relations. The object of the study is the media ecosystem. The subject of the research is the directions and social functions of various media in the system of social communications. The purpose is to study the tasks and ways of functioning of social and communication systems in the context of the media ecosystem in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The analysis of the linguistic potential of idioms-components of the socio-communicative system shows that, in general, it satisfies the ethno-linguistic needs of ethnic groups.

Key words: socio-communicative system, mass media, Bashkortostan, native language, ethnicity, language potential, sociological survey.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.030

G.R. GABRIELYAN Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Law Faculty of History of Political Science and Law of the State university of education, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL INTERNET PLATFORMS AS A FACTOR IN ENSURING INFORMATION SECURITY OF THE PRC

The article is devoted to the study of tools for ensuring information security in the People's Republic of China, in particular national social networks and Internet platforms created on the territory of the country. The presence of own national platforms in China and their popularity allows the authorities to effectively use various tools to control the information published on the Internet. Due to the fact that all social networks (WeChat, Weibo, Bilibili, Douyin, Kuaishou, Zhihu, etc.) used by Chinese citizens are created on the territory of China, the government can quite easily monitor all the actions of citizens on the Internet and effectively block any undesirable content. This is primarily important in terms of ensuring domestic political stability.

Key words: People's Republic of China, information policy, information security, Internet, social networks.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.023

E.A. BELYAEVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Management Smolensk State University, Smolensk, Russia

M.E. ALEKSEEVA Senior Lecturer at the Department of Public Administration and Public Policy of the Russian Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

M.S. GOLDENBERG Student of the master's degree in the field of «State and municipal management», Smolensk State University, Smolensk, Russia

THE STATE SUPPORT FOR PATRIOTIC CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN PUBLIC-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION «RUSSIAN MILITARY HISTORICAL SOCIETY»)

The article provides a historical and theoretical study of the formation of civil society both in Russia and abroad. The peculiarity and specificity of the Russian civil society are defined.

A special case of public policy mechanisms in the framework of support for civil society institutions in «particularly sensitive areas» is considered. The article provides an example of the activity of the Russian Military Historical Society as a patriotic non-profit organization that provides part of the state policy to support civil society.

Key words: civil society, public organizations, public policy, public administration, non-profit organizations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.031

I.S. KUSHNEROV Graduate student of SGLA, Moscow, Russia

PROTECTION OF A PRIVATE INVESTOR BY THE STATE IN THE SANCTIONS REGIME

This work reveals the specifics of the implementation of mechanisms for the protection of private investors by the state in the modern regime of sanctions, which impose certain restrictions on economic activity. The article reflects the specifics of the procedures for protecting private investors from various negative effects of sanctions measures, with the peculiarities of functioning in the regime of political and economic restrictions. The author specifies the specifics of the activities of private investors in the financial market and the impact on this activity of restrictions and prohibitions caused by the imposition of sanctions. The article reveals the activities of individuals in the context of investment, the rights of investors, as well as the main risks caused by the instability of the economic situation.

The study concretizes the results of the application of sanctions against economic entities, as well as the possibility of preventing such consequences and protecting private investors from sanctions and restrictions, conducting anti-crisis policy by the state, and implementing investor support measures.

In the context of the above, we have identified the purpose of the work-to study the mechanisms of protection of private investors by the state in the regime of sanctions and restrictions. The object of the study is the sanctions regime, the subject is the mechanisms for protecting private investors from the consequences of sanctions and restrictions.

In the context of the above, we have identified the purpose of the work-to study the mechanisms of protection of private investors by the state in the regime of sanctions and restrictions. The object of the study is the sanctions regime; the subject is the mechanisms for protecting private investors from the consequences of sanctions and restrictions.

Key words: private investment, sanctions regime, state, investor rights, economic sanctions, investment activity, economic restrictions, retail investor, financial market, economic sanctions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.029

A.V. LEVSHA Graduate student, Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, Moscow, Russia

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF REGIONAL MANAGEMENT

The work actualizes the need for the development of digitalization of regional management in the context of trends in the development of modern society. The article reveals the main directions of digitalization development in the field of management in the regions, as well as the specifics of the introduction of digital technologies in this activity.

The article examines the existing directions of digitalization of regional management, as well as the prospects for integrating digital technologies into the functioning of government in the regions. Digitalization is considered as an effective management tool in the regions, the implementation of actions requiring compliance with the principles of objectivity, impartiality and timeliness. In this paper, attempts are made to analyze the effectiveness of digital technologies in the implementation of regional management.

The main purpose of the work is to study the main directions of digitalization of regional management. The object of the work is the digitalization of the public administration system; the subject is the directions of digitalization of the activities of regional government bodies.

Key words: digitalization of management, regional management, innovative technologies, digital government, digital innovative tools, political sphere, public administration, regional level, development strategy, local government.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.032

D.A. MOROZOV PhD student at the Department of Political Science of Institute of history and policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, ex-Deputy Minister of Russia for Cooperation with CIS States, Moscow, Russia

THE SPECIFICS OF THE PROCESSES OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE MODERN WORLD ORDER: THE MAIN CONFLICTS

The historiography of world politics shows that the transformative political events of the first decades of each century lead to the emergence of a new world order that sets the tone for the rest of the century. These transformative events suggest various collective norms and shared preferences that shape the structures of the system (order) before they are eventually improved or replaced by another order. This study analyzes the processes of the current transformation of the modern world order within the framework of the transition from a bipolar to a multipolar system.

Key words: world politics, world order, bipolar system, unipolar system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.033

O.A. ALEKSEENKO PhD in politics, Assoc. Professor Department of Globalistics, Faculty Of Global Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

SPECIFICS OF THE US MILITARY STRATEGY IN THE ARCTIC REGION

The geopolitical position, resource potential and environmental significance of the Arctic make it a zone of strategic interests of the world's leading states, which, in turn, creates threats to regional stability.

The Arctic states include Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the USA, Denmark and Iceland. According to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea of December 10, 1982, these states have the sovereign right to develop subsoil within the limits of their exclusive economic zones in the Arctic and the continental shelf.

The Arctic is of great strategic importance in military terms, because here are convenient positions for strategic deterrence systems. The melting of ice led to the emergence of new military bases in the northern territories. Intelligence forces, military shipping and complex exercises of army formations intensified.

One of the states that is actively developing scenarios for dominance in the Arctic is the USA. Despite the comprehensive approach, American Arctic policy is based primarily on the National Security Strategy and acts as a catalyst for many contradictions and conflicts with other circumpolar countries, primarily with the Russian Federation. This article is devoted to an overview of key US military initiatives in the Arctic.

Key words: Arctic, USA, Navy, Coast Guard.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.034

V.A. VOLOKH Dr. Sci. (Pol. Sci.), Professor of the State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

T.N. DMITRIEVA Cand. Sci. (Pol. Sci.), Associate Professor of State Theory and Law, Labour and Social Law Moscow University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia

FORCED MIGRANTS IN RUSSIA AND FRANCE: INTEGRATION TRAJECTORIES

Persons who have been granted asylum on the territory of the Russian Federation are practically not involved in adaptation and integration practices. Due to the absence of mechanisms for adaptation and integration of persons granted asylum in the Russian Federation for a long period, the authors of the article believe it would be advisable to turn to foreign experience in this area. Before the explosive growth in the number of refugee arrivals in 2015, the French integration model gave better results compared to other EU countries. Using a comparative method and a structural-functional approach, the authors examine the French experience in the field of integration of newly arrived foreign citizens, including forced migrants. It has been established that despite the strategically erroneous policy of accepting forced migrants in France, the country has a complex and multi-level system of social and cultural integration of arriving foreigners planning long-term residence on French territory. The immigrant integration policy in France has full institutional, legal, and technological support. On the contrary, the Russian Federation's asylum policy excludes the provision of protection to economic migrants, which prevents the emergence of a migration crisis similar to the European one. At the same time, in order to implement an effective policy of social and cultural adaptation and integration of persons granted asylum, it is necessary to develop both regulatory instruments and the creation of appropriate infrastructure. The authors come to the conclusion that the study and assessment of the instrumental component of the policy of integration of foreign citizens in the French Republic will improve methodological approaches to the formation of a comprehensive multi-level system of adaptation and integration of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation.

Key words: asylum, actors and mechanisms of integration, legal support for policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.028

N.S. KULESHOVA Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor Professor, Department of Global Processes Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

CHEN HANZHI Employee Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Candidate of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL INTERACTION OF THE PRC WITH AFRICA IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC INTERACTION

The actualization of the study of the modern foreign policy strategy of the PRC is explained by the economic power of China and the expansion of its political influence. China's foreign policy has conceptual features that are expressed in its implementation. The political role of the PRC in the system of international relations has increased significantly. This study is devoted to one of the most important vectors of modern Chinese foreign policy, namely interaction with African countries. Using cluster analysis, an attempt was made to group the countries of the continent, while it is necessary to note the multidimensionality of the data, the complexity of combining and comparing. At the same time, the use of cluster analysis in research is effective because it provides the possibility of statistical justification and comparison. Of course, a more in-depth analysis is required at the bilateral level of countries' relations, which can serve as a new research direction.

Key words: foreign policy, China, Africa, international relations, national interests, political interaction.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.035

F.А. PETROSYAN Postgraduate student of the Department of International Security and foreign policy activities of Russia Russian Academy of National Economy and civil service under the President of the Russian Federation (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

SECTORAL SYSTEM OF COOPERATION IN THE NORTHERN DIRECTION OF RUSSIA’S FOREIGN POLICY

The topic of the article is relevant for Russian political science and foreign policy practice. In the conditions of modern geopolitical turbulence, it is especially important for Russia to have partners with whom we can jointly develop the Arctic, taking into account, first of all, our national interests. The article used the author's methodology, including comparative and event analysis, grouping and expert assessment methods, as well as ranking and construction of a matrix of interactions. As a result of the study, a system of sectoral cooperation was proposed, allowing Russia to most fully realize its national interests and strategic national priorities, taking into account the impossibility of refusing to interact with Western states in this region. The results of the study can be useful both to the expert community and to the authorities responsible for conducting Russian foreign policy.

Key words: sectors, system, cooperation, Arctic, North, foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.036

N.M. RAKITYANSKIY Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Political Sociology and Psychology Program, Political Science Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

P.M. TSARITSYNA Graduate student, Political Sociology and Psychology Program, Political Science Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE POLITICAL ELITES OF FRANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF MENTAL RESEARCH PART 1

In this part of the article, the subject of research is the main stages of the historical past of French civilization, in the depths of which the political mentality of the ruling elites was formed. In the beginning, the authors consider the mental and civilizational results of the five hundred years of Romanization of Gaul as a province of the Roman Empire. The role of Christian proselytism in the formation of the monotheistic mentality and the political role of the Church of Gaul are revealed. The thesis about the mental heritage of the Roman Empire in the conditions of its collapse and the formation of the foundations of an original Christian nation is revealed. Then there is the convergence of the Roman and barbarian social structures of the Frankish Empire, as a result of which a monotheistic mental space was formed and Catholicism became the state religion. The conclusion is made about the historical and mental-political significance of chivalry. In the last section, the authors turned to the philosophical, theological and scientific heritage of the enlighteners of the Middle Ages and the New Age, who influenced the development of the political mentality of the French elites.

Key words: ruling elites, heritage, power, empire, war, patriotism, church, religion, state, Gauls, Franks, Christianization, Catholicism, paganism, mentalization, Romanization, mental-political, monotheistic mentality, values, chivalry, history, philosophy, truth, development, France.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.037

JIN WEIZHOU Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

STATUS QUO AND ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE USE OF RUSSIANS IN TACHEN (CHUGUCHAK) XINJIANG CHINA

Key words: Tacheng, Xinjiang, Russian in China (Chinese Russian), Russian usage status, languages of endangered minorities, language protection, cultural preservation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.038

A.S. SHAKHBANOVA Master's student, Diplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

SAUDI ARABIA AND IRAN: FROM CONFRONTATION TO DIALOGUE

This article analyses the process of normalisation of relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran, the two largest states in the Middle East region. The article examines the reasons for the conflict between these two countries, as well as the history of their relationship at the present stage. The author of the study analyses possible ways to achieve a peace agreement between Saudi Arabia and Iran. In addition, the article examines the implications of normalising relations between the two states for the region and world politics in general. The results of the study may be useful for political figures, experts in international relations, as well as anyone interested in the situation in the Middle East.

Key words: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Arab world, Islam, Sunni-Shia confrontation, Middle East settlement.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.039

M.V. TARILOVA Master's Degree at the Faculty of Global Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEMS OF MIGRATION TO RUSSIA FROM THE CIS COUNTRIES AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The article examines the main problems associated with labor migration to Russia from the CIS countries. The article highlights the difference between legal and illegal migration. The challenges of illegal migration and current difficulties in ensuring the effectiveness of legal migration are being analyzed. Not only the economic, but also the demographic and social aspects of the migration process from the CIS countries are emphasized. The article highlights the need to create a state migration strategy of the Russian Federation to ensure the greatest efficiency of migration in solving national security problems.

Key words: Russian Federation, migration from the CIS countries, the migration crisis, the concept of state migration policy, labor migration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.105.12.040

N.A. CHUZHIKOV Student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE CONCEPT OF LIBERAL NATIONALISM IN THE WORKS OF P.B. STRUVE

The article examines the concept of liberal nationalism by P.B. Struve, a Russian writer, politician, philosopher and sociologist. The author describes the main views of Pyotr Berngardovich on the essence of a nation, the criteria for its definition, and the relationship between the nation and the state. The article also examines the Russian writer’s ideas about how the intelligentsia influenced the historical development of the nation. The author pays special attention to the liberal aspects contained in the national project of Peter Struve.

Key words: nationalism, liberalism, liberal nationalism, P.B. Struve.

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