№ 4 (109), 2024

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations” Volume 14. Issue 4 (109), 2024

CONTENTS

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Makina A.I. Separate Customs of Help from the Khakas
Zuev A.V. Russian Shipbuilding in the Second Half of the XIX – Early XX Centuries
Ryabova M.M. Theoretical Foundations of Solidary Economy as an Object of Specific Historical Research (Based on the Example of Old Believer Entrepreneurship)
Sibiryakov M.N. The Fuel Crisis in Yakutsk in the Winter of 1922
Bill M.V. Formation of the USSR State Arbitration in 1931
Borodin M.P., Platonov A.V., Rubtsov S.N. Main Directions of Material and Technical Condition of the Professional Fire Team Depot in Ensuring Fire Safety of the Capital of the Russian Empire
Ladovich A.A. Development of Transportation System in Western Siberia in the XIX Century
Miku N.V. Legal Education and Legal Propaganda in the USSR in the Early 1970s. (Based on the Materials of the Activities of Cultural Institutions of the Penza Region)
Osinskaya A.A., Osipov A.A., Maximova M.V., Kolodeznikova M.I., Guryeva A.B. The Study of the Ecogeographic Features of the Brush Structure on the Example of Students of the North-Eastern Federal University
Ptashko T.G., Perebeynos A.E., Trofimova N.V., Pavlenko E.F. Increasing the Economic Literacy of Workers at Ural Factories in the Second Half of the 20th Century
Snezhkova I.A. Crimea Before and After its Accession to Russia

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Elistratova S.S., Rodionova M.E. Forms of Administrative-Territorial Division in Modern Federal States: Foreign and Russian Experience

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Borisova N.R., Ilyazarova D.V. Regulatory and Legal Support of Activities Clubs of Young Voters
Muradyan L.O. Results of the “Parade of Sovereignities” and Ratification of the Belovezha Agreements by the Supreme Council of Russia
Vasil'chenko M.A. On the Issue of Private Finance Political Parties in Russia
Putina O.V. Religions in the Media Sphere: Problems and Challenges of Our Time
Dadaev Z.A. The Specifics of the Impact of Mass Media on the Formation of Political Consciousness of Young People
Palitay I.S., Devochkina A.S. Young Citizens Perceive the System of Recruiting Political Leaders in Modern Russia (on the Example of the Yaroslavl Region)
Akopyan G.A. Modern Terrorism: Key Features of Development and Problems of its Eradication
Trofimov V.A. Sakhalin Oblast as an Ethnopolitical Space and a Regional Community

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Fedotova M.S. The Policy of Commercialization of Higher Education in Russia: Cultural and Historical Dimensions

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Makarov E.P., Fedotov V.V. Impact of the French and Indian War 1754-1763 to Economic Development of Virginia in the Mid-18th Century
Li Yawen. China-Kazakhstan Relations within the Framework of Theinitiative “One Belt, One Road”
Telenga M.P., Prokopets I.V., Nefyodova Yu.I. The Problem of Vulnerability of Russian Business in Trade and Economic Relations Between Russia and China
Alaudinov A.A. Concepts and Approaches of Conducting Hybrid Wars of the People's Republic of China
Dong Dan. The Evolution of Diplomatic Relations Between Russia and China: Problems and Prospects for Development
Wang Xinyue, Wang Gang. Sino-Russian Relations under the "Belt and Road" Initiative
Zinnurov I.Kh. Features of the Development of Socio-Political, Scientific and Educational Cooperation Between Russia and Azerbaijan at the Present Stage
Kuruma Yunussa, Kaba Laye, Toure Gnalen. Formation and Implementation of Foreign Policy Strategies of the Republic of Guinea
Lan Yujing. The Basic Logic of Modernizing the Political System of China
Nasirov E.Kh., Yashkova T.A., Aliyev A.M. Azerbaijan at the Present Stage of Development: a New Vector
Pisarenko S.S. Strengthening Australia's Military Capabilities in the IPR
Sviridov A.A. Main Trends in the Global Energy Market
Skutina S.G., Gerasimova I.V., Afonin M.V., Grishin V.O. Main Directions of Improvement of State Policy on Voluntary Resettlement of Compatriots from Abroad
Spasov A.A. Political Analysis of the Dayton Accords as a Fundamental Document in the Settlement of the Ethnopolitical Conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Iliopoulou Areti, Stenko A.I. Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy: 30 Year-Long Success Story of Religious and Parliamentary Diplomacy Synergy and a Promising Platform for Dialogue in the New Political Reality
Tikhonov A.E. Environmental Agenda in the Strategies of Global Cities: a Comparative Analysis of London and New York Policies
Kobzarev V.N., Shitikova Y.A. Japanese and Chinese Public Opinion on the Ownership of the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands

REVIEWS AND SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS

Medvedev N.P. Foundations of Russian Statehood: on the Question of the Use of Some Current Scientific Publications in Developing a Training Course

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.005

A.I. MAKINA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Fundamental Medicine, Khakas State University after N.F. Katanov, Abakan, Russia

SEPARATE CUSTOMS OF HELP FROM THE KHAKAS

Economic and household forms of assistance and mutual assistance characterize the archaic stage of social work, are aimed at ensuring the life and well-being of members of the clan, community, and people as a whole. Forms of assistance and mutual assistance in the traditional Khakass society covered all aspects of ensuring the life of the people, including housing construction, assistance in extreme situations. The identification and description of the traditions of assistance in housing construction, extreme situations among Khakas will allow us to substantiate the existence of a prototype of the institute of social work in the region. Research objectives: to highlight the presence of a tradition of assistance in housing construction, to characterize the tradition of assistance in housing construction, to describe the traditions of assistance in extreme situations. Research methods: systematic and comparative analysis. The period under study: the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. The results of the study: during the period under study, the Khakass people had traditions of helping.

Key words: mutual assistance, housing, community, clan, social assistance, construction, traditions of assistance, Khakassia, Khakass ethnic group.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.001

A.V. ZUEV Candidate of historical sciences, Associate Professor of the of private law departments, Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, St. Petersburg, Russia

RUSSIAN SHIPBUILDING IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES

The article examines the state of commercial shipbuilding in post-reform Russia. The transition from sailing ships to steam ships required a radical reorganization and modernization of the existing network of public and private admiralties, factories, shipyards and workshops. Over several decades, the number of ships in the maritime fleet has increased many times. The progressive development of domestic shipbuilding in pre-revolutionary Russia is confirmed. However, it can be stated that despite the progress, Russian shipyards did not have sufficient capacity to meet the needs of the commercial fleet.

Key words: Shipping companies, merchant shipping, merchant fleet, shipbuilding, ship repair, mechanical plants, shipyards, docks, admiralty.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.002

М.М. RYABOVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of History and Humanities, State University of Humanities and Technology, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SOLIDARY ECONOMY AS AN OBJECT OF SPECIFIC HISTORICAL RESEARCH (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF OLD BELIEVER ENTREPRENEURSHIP)

The article discusses the theoretical foundations of the solidarity economy, which are fully compatible with the principles of Old Believer entrepreneurship. Today, researchers are increasingly turning to the Old Believer identity, emphasizing their characteristic qualities, such as community, mutual trust and high social responsibility. Thanks largely to these features, the Old Believers created a special economic structure based on elements of a solidarity economy. It should be emphasized that the author’s understanding of the term “solidarity” as the consolidation of society to solve certain cultural, socio-economic, political problems aimed at achieving the common good, presupposes the presence of formed common values, goals, beliefs or interests, which was always present in the communities of the “old faith." Certain stories related to the formation of the foundations of the solidarity economy are already present in historical research. In this regard, the study of the principles of Old Believer entrepreneurship, which are fully compatible with the principles of the solidarity economy, also deserve special attention.

Key words: solidarity economy, entrepreneurship, Old Believers, consolidation, community.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.003

M.N. SIBIRYAKOV Postgraduate student of the Faculty of History of the M.K. Ammosov NEFU, Yakutsk, Russia

THE FUEL CRISIS IN YAKUTSK IN THE WINTER OF 1922

The scientific article is devoted to a little-studied problem in Russian historiography – the wood crisis that arose in the city of Yakutsk during the siege of 1922 as a result of military operations and the difficult political situation around the city. This article examines the crisis situations caused by the wood famine and the measures to combat the crisis situation that were taken by the city's leadership. The purpose of this article is to study the crisis and its impact on the life of the city's population. The research is based on the analysis of publications in the press of those years and archival documents. The author examines the impact of the fuel crisis on the cultural and socio-economic life of the city. The article discusses ways to solve these problems, which were undertaken by local governments that worked in harsh conditions of a harsh winter. The author comes to the conclusion that one of the main problems was the provision of fuel wood to the residents of the city, which were used for heating buildings. The causes and consequences of the crisis in Yakutsk in 1922 were studied. The destruction of land and river transport routes, lack of financing led to a catastrophic situation with the provision of essential goods to citizens in the winter of 1921-1922.

Key words: Russian Civil War, siege of Yakutsk, insurgency, fuel forest, fuel crisis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.004

M.V. BILL Graduate student Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia

FORMATION OF THE USSR STATE ARBITRATION IN 1931

In this article, based on a wide range of historical literature and archival sources introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, an attempt is made through the use of narrative, historical-comparative, chronological and statistical methods of historical research to analyze the socio-economic reasons for the creation and functioning of the State Arbitration of the USSR. In order to identify the main reasons for the decision to create a State arbitration with the redirection of the tasks of arbitration commissions to it, the author pays great attention to the study of socio-economic processes taking place in the Soviet Union during the period under consideration.

Noting the differences in the activities of State Arbitration and Arbitration Commissions, he notes the peculiarities of its formation, the natural result of which was the creation of an institution that met the historical challenges of the period under study and greatly contributed to the growth of the economic potential of the country.

Key words: State Arbitration of the USSR, arbitration commission, jurisdiction, legal regulation, social and economic reasons, professional training, socialist competition, economic policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.006

M.P. BORODIN Candidate of historical sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Retraining and Advanced Training of Specialists, St. Petersburg University of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia named after Hero of the Russian Federation General of the Army E.N. Zinicheva, St. Petersburg, Russia

A.V. PLATONOV Candidate of philosophical sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of socio-economic and humanitarian disciplines, Leningrad Regional Branch of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia

S.N. RUBTSOV Doctor of historical sciences, Professor of the Departments of social sciences Northwest Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, St. Petersburg, Russia

MAIN DIRECTIONS OF MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE PROFESSIONAL FIRE TEAM DEPOT IN ENSURING FIRE SAFETY OF THE CAPITAL OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

The article carried out a study of the main areas of the material and technical condition of the professional fire brigade depot of the capital of the Russian Empire as part of improving fire safety. The relevance of the article is due to the continuity of the main aspects of the material and technical condition of the depot of the professional fire brigade of the capital of the Russian Empire in the activities of the fire service at the present time. The purpose of the study is to identify the accents of the main directions of development and improvement of the material and technical condition of the imperial fire brigade depot, which contributes to the fulfillment of the tasks of modern fire and rescue units in extinguishing fires and eliminating emergency situations, based on historical experience and professional competencies in the field of fire safety. An analysis of the main directions of development and improvement of the material and technical condition of the depot of the Imperial Capital professional fire brigade indicates its relevance at the present stage in organizing fire suppression and emergency response, taking into account optimization and corresponding technical progress in the architectural and functional components.

Key words: fire station, telegraph office, barracks, pipe shed, fire stables, fire tower.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.007

А.А. LADOVICH Postgraduate student of the Department of History and Documentology Kurgan State University, Kurgan, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN WESTERN SIBERIA IN THE XIX CENTURY

The article analyzes the sources, which are devoted to the specifics of transport proper, as well as judgments and assessments of the history of transport in Western Siberia in the XIX century. The purpose of the article is to study the historical aspects of the development of transportation infrastructure in Western Siberia in the XIX century. Objectives: 1) to characterize the economic situation of the territories of Western Siberia and its influence on the dynamics of transport system development; 2) to study the demographic condition in the region and its role in the formation of transport routes; 3) to describe the benefits for the treasury and the state due to the development of transport in Western Siberia. Methods: the basis of the study is the principles of scientific objectivity and historicism. The work used historical and general scientific methods of research, namely: analysis and synthesis, historical-genetic, historical-typological, biographical, historical-comparative, problem-historiographical and others. Results: in the process of research it was established that in the development of transport system in Western Siberia in the XIX century the economic specialization of the region, socio-economic parameters and socio-cultural aspect of life of the population, as well as the relationship with internal external markets were of great importance. For the state treasury, transportation companies and peasants with developed economies, especially for postal functions, were of considerable commercial and profitable interest. Conclusions – the growth of Siberian population became a prerequisite for the strengthening and development of the transportation network. In Siberia there was constantly felt an acute shortage of local people, because of what roads with high possibility to build and operate, repair was very problematic.

Key words: development, transportation system, Western Siberia, post-Soviet historiography, population, economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.008

N.V. MIKU Candidate of historical sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History and Philosophy of Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

LEGAL EDUCATION AND LEGAL PROPAGANDA IN THE USSR IN THE EARLY 1970S. (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE PENZA REGION)

The article considers issues of content and types of work of Soviet-state bodies on legal education and propaganda of legal knowledge among citizens at the regional level – in the Penza region in the designated chronological framework – in the early 1970s. A study of the practice of Penza organizations in legal education allows you to recreate an objective picture of the daily life of the Soviet population; supplement the historical knowledge of the essence of state policy in the social sphere during the period under review.

The article sets a goal – to study the content and forms of work of cultural institutions of the Penza region of the early 1970s. on legal education and legal propaganda. The understanding of the term «legal education» is specified as the actions of state and public structures to develop Soviet legal awareness and raise the legal culture of the population.

The tasks of the study were implemented on the basis of analysis and generalization of materials from the Foundation of the Department of Culture of the Penza Oblast Executive Committee of the State Archive of the Penza Region (F. r-2357). Based on the documents of the archive, the key directions and organization of the dissemination of legal knowledge in the context of Soviet-party decisions were studied; analyzed the practice of creating coordination and methodological councils for legal propaganda; forms of propaganda are indicated – lectures, corners, wall newspapers, «Days of legal culture», visiting sessions of courts, etc.

The work uses methods: historical-genetic, historical-comparative.

The study of the main directions and methods of implementing legal propaganda in the early 1970s. in the Penza region made it possible to identify the main trends and difficulties in the development of cultural institutions, to determine the direction of the subsequent study of the scientific problem.

Key words: USSR, legal awareness, legal education, legal propaganda, cultural institutions, Penza region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.009

А.А. OSINSKAYA Candidate of Medical Sciences, associate Professor of the Department of Human Anatomy at the Medical Institute of the North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov Yakutsk, Russia

А.А. OSIPOV Student of the Medical Institute of the North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia

M.V. MAXIMOVA Student of the Medical Institute of the North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia

M.I. KOLODEZNIKOVA Student of the Medical Institute of the North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia

A.B. GURYEVA Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Human Anatomy at the Medical Institute of the North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov Yakutsk, Russia

THE STUDY OF THE ECOGEOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE BRUSH STRUCTURE ON THE EXAMPLE OF STUDENTS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY

Purpose: to determine the ecogeographic features of the structure of the brush in NEFU students.

Methods: The paper presents an analysis of anthropometric measurements of the hand of 43 male students of the NEFU Medical Institute. The surveyed were divided into groups according to the region of permanent residence. The height and anthropometric parameters of the brush were measured. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the SPSS application software package for Windows (version 22.0).

Results: It was revealed that with indistinguishable values of height, the indicators of the length and width of the hand are greater in students from Egypt than in Yakuts. The width of the metacarpal of the hand in the examined from the first group is significantly higher than in the examined from the second. In Egyptians, the average values of the lengths of the proximal, intermediate and distal phalanges of all fingers of the hand are significantly higher than those of Yakut students. It was found that the length of the hand of Egyptian students is longer due to the length of the phalanges of the fingers of the hand.

Conclusions: The conducted anthropometric study showed the presence of ecogeographic features of the brush.

Key words: boys, brush length, brush width, length of the phalanges of the brush, anthropometry, Yakutia, Egypt.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.010

T.G. PTASHKO Сandidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Assistant professor, Social work, Pedagogics and Psychology Department, Southern Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

A.E. PEREBEYNOS Candidate of Historical Sciences, Assistant professor, General History Department, Southern Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

N.V. TROFIMOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer at the Department of General History, South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Department of World History, Chelyabinsk, Russia

E.F. PAVLENKO Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Social Work, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

INCREASING THE ECONOMIC LITERACY OF WORKERS AT URAL FACTORIES IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Organization of economic education of the population is a current direction of social policy of a modern state. The requirements of civil society are aimed at developing financial literacy among people, including the younger generation, which contributes to the quality of life, ensuring a correct understanding of economic aspects that affect all spheres of human life – professional, family, personal.

This issue has deep historical roots, the study of which allows for a competent approach to organizing the financial literacy system today. Objectives of the study: to reveal the issue of increasing the economic education of workers at Ural enterprises in the middle of the 20th century, to characterize the features of the functioning of the institute of propagandists, to identify the specific issues of working on the personnel of propagandists, improving the level of their theoretical and methodological skills through courses, seminars, conferences, and the work of methodological councils in factories, carrying out certification, as well as using the work experience of propagandists.

Research methods: system analysis, generalization. Period under study: second half of the 20th century.

Results: the management of Ural enterprises has developed a special system for organizing the economic education of workers, which is characterized by the selection of personnel to increase the economic level of workers, improving the level of methodological skills of propagandists through the use of a variety of training methods (courses, seminars, conferences, work of methodological councils at factories, certification of propagandists), using the work experience of propagandists.

Conclusion: description of the issue of organizing increased economic literacy of workers in Ural factories in the second half. The 20th century allows us to study the experience and state that it can be used in modern conditions in order to increase the level of economic education of workers.

Key words: economic education, propagandists, training, methods of training propagandists.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.012

I.A. SNEZHKOVA Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Senior Researcher, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology name after N.N. Miklukho-Maklay, RAS, Russia, Moscow

CRIMEA BEFORE AND AFTER ITS ACCESSION TO RUSSIA

In March 2024, the accession of Crimea to Russia after a 10-year break was widely celebrated in our country. The proposed paper analyzed the existence of Crimea as part of Ukraine from the early 90's and after its accession to Russia in 2014. Crimeans, being a part of Ukraine, have severely experienced the attempts of Ukraine to reduce the teaching of the Russian language in schools, the transformation of historical science in order to reformat the consciousness of the people to the Ukrainian way. In this regard, after the coup d'état in 2013, the Crimeans tried to secede from Ukraine, which they succeeded with the support of Russia. Since becoming a part of Russia, the region has undergone numerous changes related to large-scale construction and improvement of the region. The Crimean Bridge, the Tavrida highway, and a new airport were built. Numerous kindergartens and schools appeared. The number of well-equipped hospitals increased. The living standards of Crimeans have improved – salaries and pensions have increased, unemployment has decreased. All these reasons led to almost 100 percent support of people for Crimea as part of Russia and a wide celebration of its 10th anniversary.

Key words: Crimea as part of Ukraine – infringement of the Russian language and transformation of history, coup d'état 2013. Referendum on the of Crimea to Russiа 2014 a. Large-scale construction in Crimea after the accession and rise of the living standards of Crimeans with the active support of Russia.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.013

S.S. ELISTRATOVA Marketer at Resultative Marketing LLC, graduate of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia

M.E. RODIONOVA Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Procurement and Public, Department of Economics Faculty of the State University of Enlightenment, Moscow, Russia

FORMS OF ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL DIVISION IN MODERN FEDERAL STATES: FOREIGN AND RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of administrative-territorial division as well as their forms in federal states. The purpose of the work is highlighting the features of the forms of administrative and territorial division of modern federations. The analysis confirms the concept of symmetric and asymmetric federations. Some federations seek to give subjects the same status, rights and opportunities (for example, Germany), and there are those who constitutionally fix the imbalance of status and powers of territorial units within the federation (for example, Canada, India, Russia). Moreover, there are countries where the principle of symmetry formally applies, but in practice asymmetric trends are manifested (UAE). All this is conditioned by historical development, cultural, geographical and demographic factors.

Key words: administrative-territorial division, forms of administrative-territorial division, administrative-territorial structure, federal state, symmetric federations, asymmetric federations, Russia, USA, Canada, Germany, India, UAE and Nigeria.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.014

N.R. BORISOVA Senior Lecturer, Department of Theory and History of State and Law and Public Law Disciplines, Nizhnekamsk Branch of Kazan Innovative University named after V.G. Timiryasov, Nizhnekamsk, Russia

D.V. ILYAZAROVA Student of the Faculty of Law of Nizhnekamsk branch of Kazan Innovative University named after V.G. Timiryasov, Nizhnekamsk, Russia

REGULATORY AND LEGAL SUPPORT OF ACTIVITIES CLUBS OF YOUNG VOTERS

Currently, clubs of young voters have established themselves as an effective form of work with young and future voters, which requires detailed study and institutionalization based on the generalization of the most effective practices. Despite the fact that the current domestic legislation encourages the creation and functioning of youth associations designed to promote the formation of electoral awareness and electoral activity, it is premature to talk about the existence of the necessary and sufficient consolidation of the legal status of clubs of young voters. The purpose of this study is a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory and legal regulation of the activities of clubs of young voters established and successfully operating in the Russian Federation. The object of the study is public relations arising in the process of regulatory regulation of the creation and functioning of clubs of young voters. The subject of the study is the norms of domestic legislation in the field of regulatory regulation of the activities of clubs of young voters, as well as their practical implementation. The methodological basis of the research is a dialectical approach to the cognition of social phenomena, which allows analyzing them in their historical development and functioning, in the context of a set of objective and subjective factors, as well as general scientific (systemic, functional) and general logical methods (analysis, synthesis, analogy), which made it possible to comprehensively and objectively examine the object, establish a list of the most acute questions related to the subject of the study. The scientific and practical relevance of this study lies in the fact that for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory regulation of the activities of clubs of young voters was carried out, on the basis of which proposals for its further improvement were formulated.

Key words: legal regulation, young voters, clubs of young voters, electoral socialization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.015

L.O. MURADYAN Applicant for the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law at the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

RESULTS OF THE “PARADE OF SOVEREIGNITIES” AND RATIFICATION OF THE BELOVEZHA AGREEMENTS BY THE SUPREME COUNCIL OF RUSSIA

The events of the end of 1991 turned out to be a point of no return in the history of the Soviet Union. At a time when the power was falling apart, a new rapid course of events was awakening, uncontrollable and dictating its own rules. One of the episodes of this piece of time, called the "parade of sovereignties", and the ratification of the Belovezhskaya Agreements by the Supreme Council of Russia, are key historical periods that had an unpredictable impact on future events.

The relevance of this topic has not decreased now, decades after these events. In fact, they still occupy a central place in the historical analysis of the transition period of the Russian state. The parade of Sovereignties, organized in early December 1991 in Belovezhskaya Pushcha, was a meeting of the heads of the member republics of the USSR, their heads and higher authorities. Here, at this iconic place, a decisive blow was struck against the unified Soviet state, which formally marked the end of its existence.

The Belovezhskaya Agreements, signed by the heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, served as an official act on the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. They became the cause of the impulse that served for the subsequent collapse of other Soviet republics and the formation of new, independent states. This event, of course, became a turning point in the history of Russia and the entire post-Soviet space.

The signed Belovezhskaya Agreements eventually led to the official dissolution of the Soviet Union and marked the beginning of a new stage in the development of the Russian state. The gradually changed political movement of the country since its stay in the USSR led to the restructuring and state-building, widely known as the "legal continuum" of the Soviet administration, which is now called Russia.

Considering this, the results of the "parade of sovereignties" and the ratification of the Belovezhskaya Agreements by the Supreme Council of Russia became key factors that determined the subsequent course of development of the country and its position on the world stage. It was thanks to these events that Russia embarked on the path of building a new state, bringing to life the principles of democracy, freedom, and sovereignty of nations.

Thus, the period of the "parade of sovereignties" and the ratification of the Belovezhskaya Agreements by the Supreme Council of Russia is an integral historical part of the development of Russia and the post-Soviet space. The relevance of this topic is confirmed by the significance and influence that these events had on a turning point in the country's history. Their understanding and analysis allow us to better understand the causes, consequences and dynamics of Russia's development and its position in the global context.

Key words: parade, sovereignty, Bialowieza Agreements.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.016

M.A. VASIL'CHENKO Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Associate Professor of the Chair of Fundamental Legal and Social-humanitarian Disciplines, Moscow Financial and Industrial University «Synergy», Moscow, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF PRIVATE FINANCE POLITICAL PARTIES IN RUSSIA

The article discusses amendments to the Federal Law "On Political Parties" regarding the interaction of political parties with private capital, related to the possibility of increasing lending to parties by legal entities to 216 million rubles. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that political parties act as a link between the government and society, and are a key condition for the development of democratic institutions. The analysis of measures of support for parties by the state allows us to predict the key trends in the development of the Russian political system. The purpose of the work is to determine the role of this legal document in the development of party building. The objectives of the work are defined by the purpose and formulated as follows: to determine the reasons for the increase in lending, to assess the existing volume of donations in the structure of financial activities of a political party, to determine the possibilities and boundaries of law enforcement practice within the framework of this draft law. The author analyzes the existing legal mechanisms for replenishing the budget of the parties, considers the priority areas of spending. Based on the changes made, he formulates a forecast of possible consequences for the process of political development. Based on the analysis of the financing structure of political parties, the author concludes that the process of interaction between private companies and parties will be complicated by a high degree of financial risks, in the absence of lobbying for the interests of large financial structures.

Key words: political party, budget, commercial banking sector, legal consequences.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.017

O.V. PUTINA Postgraduate of study at the Department of Management in the Sphere of Interethnic and Interfaith Relations of the Faculty of Public Administration of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov”; the leading specialist of the Center for International Projects of the Federal State budgetary educational institution of higher Education “Moscow Pedagogical State University”, Moscow, Russia

RELIGIONS IN THE MEDIA SPHERE: PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF OUR TIME

The modern media sphere, where the construction, broadcasting and accumulation of socially significant issues take place, is of great importance for all spheres of society, including religious life. This is confirmed by the appearance on the official websites of religious associations of the addresses of pages in social networks and messengers, personal pages of preachers. The presence of religious associations in the media is caused not only by the desire to transmit information and unite the flock, but also by the need to respond to socio-cultural challenges, the need to respond to the representation of confessional issues by subjects of the media sphere. Often, religious polemics in the media are constructed by the subjects of the media sphere to achieve their goals that are inconsistent with the goals of religious associations. The missionary media activity of religious associations demonstrates a willingness to spread religious tradition, considers it as a means of mutual enrichment of cultures. New languages and communication channels influence intra-confessional activities, defining new formats of interaction, rules of conduct for religious journalists and the need for them to acquire new knowledge and skills. Technological changes entail transformations of behavioral norms and value orientations of the individual, forming an aesthetic construct of morality. Meanings are not denied, they are not justified, but are considered from the standpoint of reason, while fading into the background. The role of religion is not just to transmit information and find answers to emerging challenges, but to form a worldview and value orientations, which becomes a determining factor in human behavior. Thus, religion and values remain inextricably linked.

Key words: religions in the media sphere, religious journalism, religious polemics, missionary media activity, ethics in the media sphere, religion and values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.019

Z.A. DADAEV Graduate student in the Faculty of Journalism IGSU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE SPECIFICS OF THE IMPACT OF MASS MEDIA ON THE FORMATION OF POLITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE

This article examines the material of new mass media and provides an analysis of the main concepts of influencing the consciousness of young people. The novelty of the article lies in its comprehensive coverage of the system of methods of influence and various manipulations used by journalists in conditions of freedom of speech. Ways to solve an urgent problem of our time are proposed: media education, development of a strategy for preventing the unwanted negative influence of the mass media.

The flow of information that has befallen people has radically changed the quality of life, and it is quite natural that the present time is considered to be informational. Information is both a wealth and an urgent problem of our time, which must be understood, which must be assessed and analyzed in a comprehensive manner, so as not to miss a single significant detail regarding such an important phenomenon, or rather a tool for influencing the consciousness of the public. Keywords: mass media, strategies, freedom of speech, journalist, methods of influence.

Key words: mass media, strategies, freedom of speech, journalist, methods of influence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.018

I.S. PALITAY Candidate of Social Sciences, leading researcher, State Academic University for the Humanities; assistant professor of the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

A.S. DEVOCHKINA Master’s degree student of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

YOUNG CITIZENS PERCEIVE THE SYSTEM OF RECRUITING POLITICAL LEADERS IN MODERN RUSSIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE YAROSLAVL REGION

In the current political system in Russia, the issues of involving young people in the country’s social and political activities and identifying leadership potential through the current system of recruiting political leaders are increasing their urgency every year. Youth political leadership plays a key role in shaping the future political development of the country, which is why the prospects for its development become a strategic priority of our state. Young people’s perception of the existing system of seeking and selecting political leaders through competitive practices reveals a correlation between the breadth of dissemination of these mechanisms and the level of involvement of the younger generation. The article is a description of the results of the study, the main purpose of which was to identify ideas of youth of Yaroslavl region about the main mechanisms that are used to identify and support potential political leaders among youth. To achieve this, the authors conducted empirical research using the in-depth interview method. The respondents were young people between the ages of 18 and 35. The results obtained make it possible to draw a conclusion that the channels for recruiting political leaders in modern Russia are perceived by most young people as an opportunity for personal and professional self-realization. Meanwhile, there was a low level of awareness among young yaroslavls about the implementation of federal and regional leadership projects.Тhis should be taken into account in improving strategies for involving young people in the political processes of the country and in forming a new generation of political leaders.

Key words: youth, youth political leadership, recruitment system, leadership contests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.020

G.A. AKOPYAN Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

MODERN TERRORISM: KEY FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT AND PROBLEMS OF ITS ERADICATION

Modern terrorism is a current and complex phenomenon on the world stage. Its key development features cover multilateral aspects of the life of societies within national states. The modern world is constantly faced with the threat of international terrorism. International terrorist organizations carry out acts of violence beyond the borders of their home countries, establishing a wide network of connections and penetrating into various areas of life. Therefore, the fight against terrorism requires cooperation between states and the exchange of information.

The viability of criminal groups is ensured thanks to existing self-sufficiency mechanisms. Financial and material support for interested actors in world politics remains one of the key problems that states are struggling with, creating measures to suppress sponsorship channels.

Modern terrorists actively use advanced technologies to plan and carry out acts of violence. The Internet and social media have become important communication tools for coordinating and recruiting new members. Crimes committed by terrorists in cyberspace pose a serious threat, since they can use cyber attacks to cause damage to infrastructure, the state, and organizations.

Key words: terrorism, terrorist groups, terrorist financing, illegal violence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.023

V.A. TROFIMOV Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

SAKHALIN OBLAST AS AN ETHNOPOLITICAL SPACE AND A REGIONAL COMMUNITY

The article "Sakhalin Oblast as an ethnopolitical space and a regional community" reveals the peculiarities of the formation of the ethnopolitical space of the Sakhalin region as well as its state and functioning at the present stage of socio-political development. At the same time, within the framework of this article, attention is also paid to the study of the specifics of the Sakhalin regional community, Sakhalin regional identity and mentality. At the same time, the author draws attention to some phenomena and processes that can potentially pose a danger to this ethnopolitical space and the regional community.

Key words: Sakhalin region, ethnopolitical space, ethnopolitical processes, migration processes, regional identity, regional community, interethnic relations.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.011

M.S. FEDOTOVA Assistant, Department of Political Science and Mass Communications, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Bachelor's and Master's degree graduate National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

THE POLICY OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA: CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL DIMENSIONS

In the context of globalization and the strengthening of market relations, Russian higher education is undergoing a phase of significant transformations, with commercialization being a central aspect. This study focuses on analyzing the specifics of commercialization in Russian higher education, emphasizing the cultural and historical aspects that shape the unique context of this process. The primary goal of the article is to identify and describe the historical and cultural peculiarities that hinder the development of commercialization in the educational sphere. To achieve these objectives, methods such as in-depth interviews with leading experts in higher education and analysis of current trends in this area were employed. The results indicated that the historical legacy of the Soviet period and the specific features of the national mentality significantly influence the perception and implementation of the commercialization concept. The conclusions of the study emphasize that for further development of commercialization, it is necessary to consider both the positive and negative aspects of this process, relying on a deep understanding of the cultural and historical peculiarities of Russian society.

Key words: commercialization of education, educational policy, higher education, private universities.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.022

E.P. MAKAROV Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate Professor of the department Philosophy, social sciences and humanities, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia

V.V. FEDOTOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate Professor of the department Philosophy, social sciences and humanities, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia

IMPACT OF THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 1754-1763 TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF VIRGINIA IN THE MID-18TH CENTURY

The study focuses on studying the political and economic development of Virginia on the eve and during the French and Indian War of 1754-1763, as well as changes in the post-war period, when the difference in the relationship between the authorities of the metropolis and the local community of the colony became increasingly noticeable. A separate subject of analysis is the connection between the pre-war and war periods of development of the colonial trade and financial sphere and its individual system-forming elements.

Key words: French and Indian War, political elite, political nation, Great Britain, North America, colonial politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.032

LI YAWEN Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CHINA-KAZAKHSTAN RELATIONS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THEINITIATIVE “ONE BELT, ONE ROAD”

Kazakhstan is a Central Asian country with the largest economy, the highest level of development and the strongest comprehensive national force. It is also the first Central Asian country to unite with China in the framework of the Belt and Road Cooperation initiative and cooperate in the field of production facilities. The idea is substantiated that from the beginning of the establishment of diplomatic relations to the present, China and Kazakhstan have achieved a great leap in development. There is mutual trust in politics and mutually beneficial business cooperation between the two countries. Together with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road initiative “Belt and Road” forms the basic concept of the initiative “Belt and Road”. The “One Belt and One Road” initiative is not only a global strategy, an urgent topic, but also contains many specific areas of cooperation. Kazakhstan is the only way to develop the Belt and Road to the west, as well as the first and most active country to support the initiative “Belt and Road”. Based on the study, China and Kazakhstan actively cooperate in many fields, such as industry, energy, security and humanities, it has been established that Kazakhstan is an important fulcrum for the development of China and adjacent regions in the western direction. The article touches on the topic mainly outlines the China–Kazakhstan relations within the framework of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative.

Key words: China, Kazakhstan, China-Kazakhstan relations, One Belt and One Road, Nurly Zhol.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.021

M.P. TELENGA Candidate of Historical Science, Associate Professor Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Diplomaсy, Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russia

I.V. PROKOPETS Bachelor of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Diplomacy, Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russia

YU.I. NEFYODOVA Bachelor of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Diplomacy, Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF VULNERABILITY OF RUSSIAN BUSINESS IN TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA

The article discusses the difficulties encountered by Russian businessmen in connection with the sanctions pressure and the reorientation to the east. The specifics of doing business for Chinese companies in Russia and their ways of regulation by the Russian authorities, as well as the problems of Russian companies entering the domestic market of the People's Republic of China. Bilateral contacts between representatives of the states and their impact on the creation of joint instruments for the quantitative and qualitative expansion of bilateral economic ties were also analyzed. The strengths and weaknesses of Russian companies in competition in both Russia and China were studied, as well as the impact of e-commerce as the main tool for successful business not only in China, but also the interaction of Chinese businessmen with Russian marketplaces. The problem of erroneous perception of cultural realities and business practices in Asia, in China, and the personnel shortage of specialized specialists in Russian business was considered. The impact of sanctions pressure on bilateral trade and economic ties and the resulting threats to business were also considered.

Key words: Business, Russia, China, trade turnover, sanctions, marketing, marketplace.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.024

А.А. ALAUDINOV Candidate of Political Sciences, commander of the AKHMAT special forces ‒ deputy commander of the 2nd Army Corps of the 8th Army, Southern Military District, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES OF CONDUCTING HYBRID WARS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

The main concepts and key approaches of conducting hybrid wars of the People's Republic of China are discussed in the article. Both the theoretical developments of Chinese specialists in this field and examples of China's specific use of hybrid warfare tools are of interest.

The purpose of the research is to identify the concepts and campaigns of China's hybrid wars.

The objectives include the following: 1) identification the key provisions of Chinese concepts of hybrid warfare; 2) show the main means and methods on which China relies in hybrid wars.

Results. The key provisions of the concept of "unrestricted warfare", which acts as a Chinese analogue of the concept of hybrid wars, are revealed. The specificity of the concept of "systems confrontation" and its features are shown. The main provisions of the concept of the "System Destruction Warfare" are defined. The research revealed that China places the main emphasis in hybrid wars on their non-kinetic forms, including cybernetic, sanctions and counter-sanctions means and methods. It is shown that China pays special attention to cyber intelligence and cyber attacks. In response to the unfriendly, from Beijing's point of view, actions of the United States and South Korea, China also applies sanctions measures. It has been established that Chinese experts pay considerable attention to the confrontation in the information sphere.

Conclusions. The People's Republic of China, having certain theoretical developments and practical experience in the use of means and methods of hybrid warfare, relies mainly on non-kinetic forms of hybrid warfare. At the same time, China has no experience in conducting kinetic hybrid wars, including the use of "color revolutions" or the use of irregular formations as the main tool for achieving military and political goals.

Key words: China, hybrid wars, "unrestricted warfare", "systems confrontation", "system destruction warfare", non-kinetic hybrid wars, kinetic hybrid wars.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.025

DONG DAN Senior lecturer (master's degree) of the Russian Language Center of the, Sanya University, China

THE EVOLUTION OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT

This article analyzes the current state and prospects for the development of international relations between China and Russia in the context of the Ukrainian crisis of 2024, as well as their interaction within international organizations such as BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The main focus is on the economic and political aspects of bilateral relations, particularly deepening economic ties against the backdrop of the crisis in Ukraine, strategic partnership in international organizations, and differences in approaches to foreign policy. The impact of these relations on the global geopolitical situation is discussed, as well as the potential for coordination of efforts within BRICS and the SCO to address common challenges such as separatism, terrorism, and illegal drug trafficking. Problems and prospects of using the yuan in economic relations and its influence on international currency relations are analyzed.

Key words: China, Russia, BRICS, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Ukrainian crisis, economic ties, political partnership, international relations, yuan, geopolitics, foreign policy, international sanctions, military-political cooperation, separatism, terrorism, illegal drug trafficking.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.027

WANG XINYUE Master student at the Russian Language Institute of the Dalian University of Foreign Languages, Dalian, China

WANG GANG Associate professor, PhD, graduate supervisor, School of Russian, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, Dalian, China

SINO-RUSSIAN RELATIONS UNDER THE "BELT AND ROAD" INITIATIVE

The Belt and Road is a win-win cooperation path proposed by China to promote common development and achieve common prosperity. Under the Belt and Road Initiative, China-Russia relations have been further consolidated. The two countries have become more economically integrated, have deepened political mutual trust, have enjoyed close bilateral cooperation in various fields, and have flourished people-to-people and cultural exchanges.

Key words: the Belt and Road, China-Russian relations, economic integration, political mutual trust, people-to-people exchanges.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.028

I.KH. ZINNUROV Head of the Representative office of Rossotrudnichestvo in the Republic of Azerbaijan, Russian Information and Cultural Center in Baku, Councelor of the Russian Embassy in Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-POLITICAL, SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND AZERBAIJAN AT THE PRESENT STAGE

Within the framework of the development of humanitarian and cultural cooperation of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Azerbaijan at the present stage, the following areas can be distinguished: Socio-political events on modern and historical issues, Popularization of classical and modern Russian culture, Strengthening the position of the Russian language, Promotion of Russian education and support for scientific and technical cooperation.

Key words: Russia, Azerbaijan, socio-political interaction, scientific and educational cooperation, Russian language, scientific and technical cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.029

KURUMA YUNUSSA Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Policy and History State and Law Institute of Law of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumuba, Moscow, Russia

KABA LAYE Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science Law Institute of the Russian University Friendship of Peoples named after Patrice Lumuba, Moscow, Russia

TOURE GNALEN Master's student at the Department of International Relations Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF GUINEA

The article reveals the foreign policy strategy of the Republic of Guinea from the moment of independence from France in 1958 to the present time. The article focuses on the current foreign policy guidelines of the Republic of Guinea and how they change depending on who governs the country.

The bilateral relations of the Republic of Guinea with Russia, the USA, the EU countries and China. Author analyzes the political and economic strategies of Guinea's partnerships with international partners.

The issue of regional cooperation the Republic of Guinea is also considered. It`s as the most important vector of Guinea`s international activities. The article reveals Guinea's participation in regional projects and organizations, such as the African Union (AU), the Economic Community of West African Countries (ECOWAS), etc. The problems faced by the Republic of Guinea in its foreign policy activities are also analyzed.

Key words: Republic of Guinea, foreign policy, Africa, France, Russia, USA, economic cooperation, regional cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.030

LAN YUJING PhD student, Department of Comparative Political Science Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia

THE BASIC LOGIC OF MODERNIZING THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF CHINA

This article explores the basic principles and directions of modernization of the political system of China. The article analyzes the evolution of the Chinese political system since the reform and opening up under the leadership of the CCP and its impact on modern political processes. Based on an analysis of current documents and scientific literature, the article examines key aspects of modernization, including strengthening the role of the CCP, developing the rule of law, improving public administration and improving mechanisms for citizen participation in decision-making. The author identifies important trends in modern political practice, such as strengthening centralized government, expanding the government's social responsibility and the active use of modern information technologies to improve governance. The article also discusses the challenges and obstacles facing the process of modernizing China's political system, including the need to balance stability and reform, as well as ensuring legitimacy and transparency of power.

Key words: Chinese political system, institutional advantages, logic, Chinese Communist Party.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.031

E.KH. NASIROV Deputy of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Director of the Institute for Political Studies Academy of Public Administration at President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan

T.A. YASHKOVA Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

A.M. ALIYEV Graduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology Educational institution of trade unions of higher education "Academy of Labor and Social Relations", Moscow, Russia

AZERBAIJAN AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: A NEW VECTOR

The authors note that ensuring sustainable and inclusive development and expanding democratic institutions is the main priority of state policy in Azerbaijan. The article focuses on the development of civil society and the implementation of the e-government model in the republic, and also makes an attempt to clarify the essence of the steps taken in this area and evaluate them. The development of civil society and digitalization of management in modern Azerbaijan is shown.

Key words: reforms, civil society, e-government, public administration, digitalization, Azerbaijan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.033

S.S. PISARENKO Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

STRENGTHENING AUSTRALIA'S MILITARY CAPABILITIES IN THE IPR

This article examines the current course of the Australian government to build up its military potential in the Indo-Pacific region throughout the 20th century and currently. The Australian government, being in a constant state of conflict among the political elites, is trying to determine which of the hegemons in the IPR is more profitable for it to cooperate with. The article analyzed official statements by heads of state, representatives of the ministries of foreign affairs, and ministries of defense. The study found that tensions within the Australian government stemmed from Australia's obligations under treaties dating back to the Second World War, as many of them often involved the state in conflicts that were at odds with its own national interests. At the end of the 20th century. Australia has been able to establish itself as a reliable economic partner in the IPR, which has given the Australian government the freedom to choose its own path. At the present stage, Australia is combining a strategy to ensure the integrity of its state by purchasing the latest technologies for its offensive forces, in the form of modern communications technologies, long-range missiles for its destroyers and carrier-based aircraft. Over the past three years, due to the tense situation in the world, the Australian establishment has spent a significant amount of money on the purchase of both ready-made military weapons and licenses for their creation within their state. Equipping ships with weapons of this class not only indicates that the state will patrol maritime trade routes, but will also use them for something more.

Key words: Australia in the ITR, Australian military forces, Australia and the USA in the IPR, Australia and China in the IPR.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.034

А.А. SVIRIDOV Graduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

MAIN TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL ENERGY MARKET

This article discusses the main development trends and problems of the global energy market. The issues of increasing the share of the Asian region in energy consumption, the development of national oil companies, the influence of the American “shale revolution” on global energy and the relationship of the concept of sustainable development with energy, as well as the increasing politicization of international relations are considered.

Key words: shift in energy consumption centers, national oil companies, technological progress, shale oil, renewable energy sources, politicization of international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.035

S.G. SKUTINA Leading specialist of the Department of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

I.V. GERASIMOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

M.V. AFONIN Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

V.O. GRISHIN Deputy Head of the Department of Internal Audit, Licensing and Accreditation of Educational Programs, Management of Organization and Quality Control of Educational Activities, State University of Education, Moscow, Russia

MAIN DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT OF STATE POLICY ON VOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT OF COMPATRIOTS FROM ABROAD

The study proposes new approaches to the implementation of state policy on the voluntary resettlement of compatriots. The resettlement of compatriots as an integral part of the state's migration policy allows us to implement some strategic tasks of managing external migration processes related to the development of human capital. State policy in this area can be considered as an effective tool for the return and attraction to the state of citizens in demand by the economy and ready for faster integration into the host society. In this regard, the practical part of the implementation of the resettlement policy of modern Russia requires closer attention to the resettlement of compatriots from unfriendly countries, as well as the creation of mechanisms for the resettlement of foreigners who are ready for integration into Russian society with a close cultural code. The implementation of these mechanisms is possible in the context not only within the framework of institutional transformations, or the formal-legal method characteristic of adjusting migration legislation, but also comparativist, which involves the selection and co-optation of the most successful resettlement practices.

Key words: migration, migration policy, state policy, compatriots, human capital.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.036

А.А. SPASOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian University of Economics named after G.V. Plekhanov», Senior Lecturer at the Department of Political Analysis and socio-psychological processes, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DAYTON ACCORDS AS A FUNDAMENTAL DOCUMENT IN THE SETTLEMENT OF THE ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICT IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

This article analyzes the key principles of the Dayton Accords, which served as the basis for the settlement of the ethnopolitical conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Taking into account the specifics of the internal political confrontation, as well as attempts to exert foreign policy influence on the country, it is possible to assess the actions of the parties aimed at resolving the ethnopolitical conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the end of the article, the author notes that thanks to the active participation of the international community, the Dayton Agreements were signed, and this put an end to the open confrontation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but at the same time, a number of internal contradictions remain today, to resolve which it is necessary to develop a unified and balanced position of all interested parties in the state.

Key words: the Dayton Accords, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the ethnopolitical conflict, the Balkans, the peace treaty.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.037

ILIOPOULOU ARETI Researcher, Department of Comparative Political Science, RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

A.I. STENKO Teacher, Institute of Foreign Languages, RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

INTERPARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY ON ORTHODOXY: 30 YEAR-LONG SUCCESS STORY OF RELIGIOUS AND PARLIAMENTARY DIPLOMACY SYNERGY AND A PROMISING PLATFORM FOR DIALOGUE IN THE NEW POLITICAL REALITY

The article examines history of interaction between the legislative bodies of the member countries of the Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy (IAO), that over 30 years of cooperation managed to turn this format into a bright and unique example of the synergy of religious and parliamentary diplomacies. The paper analyzes reasons and circumstances that led to the forced de facto freezing of participation in the activities of the structure of such important members as Belarus, Syria and Russia. Authors study the relevant official documents of the IAO (transcripts of annual General Assemblies, minutes of meetings of the International Secretariat, newsletters, etc.) and of the specialized parliamentary structures of the organization’s states (statements of national delegations, declarations, press releases). This work also provides an assessment of the prospects for overcoming the current near-crisis situation in the IAO with the help of mechanisms and tools of both parliamentary and religious diplomacy.

Key words: Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy, interparliamentary cooperation, religious diplomacy, parliamentary diplomacy, Russian Orthodox Church, Russian foreign policy, Greek foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.038

A.E. TIKHONOV Postgraduate student of the School of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ENVIRONMENTAL AGENDA IN THE STRATEGIES OF GLOBAL CITIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LONDON AND NEW YORK POLICIES

The article analyzes the environmental programs of global cities – London and New York. The author compares the goals of the cities' environmental strategies with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The author of the article concludes that the measures taken by the authorities of London and New York, almost completely coincide, and this is primarily due to the fact that when developing a common environmental strategy, the governments of the two cities were guided by the UN Sustainable Development Goals. From the described measures, the most successful initiatives of the London and New York authorities are highlighted, which can be used in the development of environmental strategies by other global cities authorities.

Key words: global city, London, New York, environmental strategy, UN Sustainable Development Goals, global environmental problem.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.026

V.N. KOBZAREV Student of the Department of International Relations and Customs Affairs, Baikal State University (BSU), Irkutsk, Russia

Y.A. SHITIKOVA Senior lecturer of the Department of Russian and Intercultural Communication, Baikal State University (BSU), Irkutsk, Russia

JAPANESE AND CHINESE PUBLIC OPINION ON THE OWNERSHIP OF THE SENKAKU/DIAOYU ISLANDS

Often international conflicts between countries are territorial disputes, where each of the conflicting parties seeks the desired results, there is a clash of interests. In the co-modern world there are many dozens of territorial disputes that have not been finalized so far, some of them are in the cold or hot phase of the conflict. The governments of the conflicting states in most cases take a clear and confident position on the disputed territories, but it is important to realize that the government's position on foreign policy does not always reflect the position and sentiments of ordinary citizens.

In this article we will consider the public position of Japan and China on the ownership of the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands, which, like many territorial disputes, are of a long-term and unregulated nature. It is necessary to find out whether the citizens of both countries hold the same positions pursued by the national governments of the states or whether the positions differ.

Key words: PRC, Japan, islands, territorial conflict, Senkaku, Diaoyu.

REVIEWS AND SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.4.039

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, editor-in-chief of the publishing house "Science Today" Moscow, Russia

FOUNDATIONS OF RUSSIAN STATEHOOD: ON THE QUESTION OF THE USE OF SOME CURRENT SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS IN DEVELOPING A TRAINING COURSE

The article attempts an analytical review of some current publications in scientific journals from the list of the Higher Attestation Commission and the use of these materials in the formation of a bibliographic base for the training course “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood”. This study is a continuation of the materials published by the author in the journal “Issues of National and Federal Relations” 2024. No. 1. The article provides a review of scientific publications by Russian and foreign authors touching on some aspects of the history of the Great Patriotic War. From a short review of scientific publications it follows that these problems for researchers are relevant, scientifically significant and can become important materials for the educational course “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood” in higher educational institutions.

Key words: Russian statehood, Great Patriotic War, nation-building, Russia.

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