№ 6 (75), 2021

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 11. Issue 6 (75), 2021

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Simonova M.A., Kozmenko V.M., Drobysheva L.V. Historical Experience of Interaction of the CIS Countries in the Cultural and Educational Sphere in the 1990-2000s: the Historiographic Aspect
Shavlaeva T.M. Etymology of the Exoethnonym "Chechens" (Based on Field Materials)
Grigorieva N.A., Simonova M.A. Restoration and Development of Higher Education in the USSR in 1945-1958: Directions and Solutions
Ushmaeva K.A., Goncharov A.S. Spiritual Culture of the Stavropol Cossacks in the First Half of the XX Century
Dashtaar-Ool V.O., Dyrtyk-Ool A.O. Instruments of Torture as a Method of Inquest in the Penal Process of Tuva at the end of the XIX and the beginning of the XX Centuries (Based on the Materials of the National Museum of the Republic of Tuva)
Vlasova T.A. Komsomol Movement and Student Building Orders in the USSR: Origins and Consequences
Tosheva M.S., Tosheva N.A., Logvinova A.N. Trucks of the Gorky Automobile Plant and their Use in the Red Army in the First Period of the Great Patriotic War
Gadzhieva Z.N. Woman in the Public Life of a Dagestan City at the End of the 19th and Beginning of the 20th Century: Cultural and Educational Activities
Kiselev K.V. Political Educational Work and other Measures to Prepare for the Conscription of Citizens Liable for Military Service in 1943-1944 (Based on Materials from the Ulyanovsk Region)
Bezhanov A.V. Unity of National Sovereignty and the Autonomy of Southern Ossetia During the Period of Self-Determination of the Ossetian People 1917-1922
Antonova E.G. Training of Pedagogical Staff in the Prerevolutionary Simbir Province
Sidorov S.V. Military-Technical Training in Ulyanovsk Region During the Great Patriotic War: Problems and Solutions
Sosnovsky E.M. The Role of Military-Defensive and Propaganda Activities During the Great Patriotic War in the Fight Against Crime
Frolov A.Yu. Activity of Regional Executive Committees on Solving Social Problems During the Great Patriotic War (on the Example of the Ulyanovsk Region)
Gao Ven'czin. The Project of Development of Transport Land and Sea Infrastructure under the Initiative «One Belt, One Road»

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Boltenkova L.F. The Bible as a Source of Law (Part Nine)

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Suleymanova Sh.S. Political Communication in the Modern World: Role and Influence
Evseeva M.A. Influence of Ethnicity on Access to Power: Presentation of Russian Citizens
Vasileva T.A., Tuzovsky B.A., Ovchinnikov D.S. Comparative Analysis of Media Indices Heads of Subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District in the Context of the Civil Dialogue Societies and Authorities
Efendiyev R.J. Population and War: Demographic, Economic and Social Considerations
Vekshin V.O. Essence and Role of State Youth Policy in the Russian Federation
Nadtoka R.V., Garbuzenko E.D. Development of a Scientific and Management Monitoring System for Assessing the Potential of Ethnopolitical Tension Based on Open Data

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Iarovaia I.V. Formation Tools of the Russian Federation Positive Image in the Coronavirus Era
Kuksevich V.S. Priorities of Socio-Economic Development of Russian Regions in the Conditions of International Economic Sanctions
Melnikova Yu.D. To the Issue of Demolishing Monuments of the American Civil War
Rozenberg V.I. The Role of Saudi Arabia in the Political-Military Conflict in Syria
Kholodkova N.V. Regional Autonomization as a Tool of Internal National Policy in a Polyethnic State: the Experience of the People’s Republic of China

STUDENT SCIENCE

Bolshakov M.V. The Problem of Reconstruction of the Traditional Women's Costume of the Peasant Population of the Ryazan Guberniya of the Second Half of the XIX Century (Based on the Materials of Kasimov, Spassky and Zaraisk Counties)
Chitaev N.E., Steinfeld K.V. The Peasant Uprising of 1921 in the Yalutorovsk Uezd of the Tyumen Province
Soroka A.Yu. Issues of Social and Cultural Integration of Refugees in Italy

Our authors № 6-2021

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.001

M.А. SIMONOVA Doctor of Science, Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

V.M. KOZMENKO Doctor of Science, Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

L.V. DROBYSHEVA PhD Assosiate Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF INTERACTION OF THE CIS COUNTRIES IN THE CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL SPHERE IN THE 1990-2000S: THE HISTORIOGRAPHIC ASPECT

The subject of this research is the historiography of the problem of cooperation between the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in the field of culture and education. The object of the research is the historical experience of the development of interstate interaction on issues of cultural and educational cooperation between the countries of the Commonwealth for a quarter of a century. The authors consider in detail such an aspect of the topic as the peculiarities of the formation of the historiography of the problem, highlighting its stages and features. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of scientific research in the period under review.

It is emphasized that the development of the historiography of the problem in the period under study was largely determined by the coherence of the activities of public administration bodies of the Commonwealth states, solving the main tasks of state policy in this area, including monitoring the implementation of international obligations of states in the field of culture and education, coordinating international relations and the formation of an appropriate legal and regulatory framework for an international organization designed to regulate relations of cooperation between states.

The methodological basis of the research is made up of the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, consistency and complexity, which make it possible to study the evolution of the historiography of the problem.

The novelty of the research lies in the rethinking of the conceptual foundations of the historiography of the problem of interaction between the CIS countries in the cultural and educational sphere in the 1990-2000s.

Key words: overview, historiographic aspect, educational policy, cultural cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.002

T.M. SHAVLAEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia

ETYMOLOGY OF THE EXOETHNONYM "CHECHENS" (BASED ON FIELD MATERIALS)

The article is devoted to the etymological analysis of the exoethnonym "Chechens", in the interpretation of which there is no consensus among researchers. It is shown that the basis of the formation of the ethnonym is the lexeme chachie, which successfully fit into the Chechen language from the Turkic language environment. In the toponymic picture of Chechnya, the lexeme chachie is a landscape-geographical term denoting some excellent features of a certain territory. The appearance of this Turkism in the name of the valley, and at the same time of the settlement of the same name, could have occurred since the VII century, i.e. much earlier than the famous events of the XIII-XIV centuries, which are associated with the name of the village of Chechana (Chechen-aul). Cultural contacts of the peoples of the North Caucasus with the Turkic world and the countries of the East have existed for a long time. The origin of the exoethnonym "Chechens" is usually associated with the eloquence, external beauty and panache of the Chechens. However, according to the author of the article, the exoethnonym "Chechens" is directly related to the favorable and picturesque oasis valley – Chachie – on the bank of the Argun River, and in translation means "inhabitants of the oasis". Over time, this name passed to the whole nation.

Key words: exoethnonym "Chechens", eloquence, panache, chachie, Chechana (Chechen-aul), landscape-geographical term, oasis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.003

N.А. GRIGORIEVA Doctor of Science, Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

M.А. SIMONOVA Doctor of Science, Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

RESTORATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE USSR IN 1945-1958: DIRECTIONS AND SOLUTIONS

The object of the research is the historical experience of the development of the country's higher educational institutions in 1945-1958; the subject of the research is the main tasks of the state policy of the Soviet Union for the restoration and development of higher education. Particular attention is paid to the tasks of the state in this area and the choice of ways to solve them. Particular attention is paid to such areas of development of higher education as restoring the number of universities, replenishing the staff of students and teachers, as well as changing the management system of higher educational institutions in the country.

It is noted that the effectiveness of restoring the network of universities, as well as the pace of solving this problem in the Soviet Union, was largely determined by the development priorities of the main sectors of the national economy, the coherence of government bodies and control over the implementation of decisions.

The methodological basis of the research is made up of the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, consistency and complexity, which make it possible to study the historical experience of the restoration and development of higher education, problems and achievements in the field of state educational policy.

The novelty of the research lies in the rethinking of the conceptual foundations of the historical experience of the restoration and development of higher education in the USSR in 1945-58.

Key words: historical experience, higher education, educational policy, recovery period.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.004

K.A. USHMAEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, professor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

A.S. GONCHAROV Bachelor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

SPIRITUAL CULTURE OF THE STAVROPOL COSSACKS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY

This article is devoted to the study of the spiritual culture of the Stavropol Cossacks, its development and evolution in the first half of the XX century. The relevance of the research topic lies in the need for a more detailed study of the distinctive cultural features and ties of the Cossacks and the clergy in the Stavropol region in the period from the beginning of the 20th century, during the growth of discontent among the Cossacks, until the post-war period of the restoration of the Cossack spiritual culture. The practical significance of the study is due to the possibility of using the materials of the work in the further study of the spiritual culture of the Stavropol Territory as a whole. The scientific novelty of the research is expressed in a new approach to the analysis of the synthesis of Cossack culture and Orthodox culture on the example of the Stavropol Cossacks. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the spiritual culture of the Stavropol Cossacks in the first half of the XX century. During the study, we used the following methods. General scientific: descriptive method, comparative method, data analysis and synthesis, inductive method, comparison. Special-historical methods: a retrospective method based on the reconstruction of events and phenomena from the past to the present, the historical-systemic method, the historical-comparative method, the problem-chronological method. Sociological methods: content analysis, document analysis, method of summarizing characteristics. Based on the entire set of methods used, we adhere to a sociocultural approach. The result of the study was to get an idea about the picture of the spiritual life of the Stavropol Cossacks in the first half of the XX century, about changes in song culture and the transition from military affairs to agriculture and entrepreneurship, about a radical change in the Cossack mentality.

Key words: Stavropol Cossacks, diocese, trade and cultural ties, winemaking, agriculture, education, song culture.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.005

V.O. DASHTAAR-OOL Senior Lecturer of the Tuvan State University, Kyzyl, Republic of Tuva, Russia

A.O. DYRTYK-OOL PhD in History, the Head of the Department of History of Aldan-Maadyr National museum of the Republic of Tuva, Kyzyl, Republic of Tuva, Russia

INSTRUMENTS OF TORTURE AS A METHOD OF INQUEST IN THE PENAL PROCESS OF TUVA AT THE END OF THE XIX AND THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURIES (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE REPUBLIC OF TUVA)

The article is devoted to the study of the collection of instruments of torture as a source of inquest in the history of judicial proceedings in pre-revolutionary Tuva. The sources are the stock materials of the National Museum of the Tuva Republic. Authors examined the instruments of torture preserved in a single copy and used in Tuva before 1921, i.e. before the formation of the sovereign state – Tuvan People's Republic. They were used as means of inquest in the penal process and as punishment for a crime. The article reveals the history of acquisition of these material museum objects. Valuable information on the topic can be found in the works of Russian travelers and scholars – ethnographers who visited Tuva in the end of the 19th-20th centuries. The peculiarities of criminal law and trials in the Uryankhai Region are shown.

Key words: Tuva, museum, museum objects, crime, instruments of torture, judicial system, types of punishment.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.006

T.A. VLASOVA Candidate of historical sciences, Branch of the Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute in Yessentuki, Yessentuki, Russia

KOMSOMOL MOVEMENT AND STUDENT BUILDING ORDERS IN THE USSR: ORIGINS AND CONSEQUENCES

For several years, Russian scientific and political circles have been discussing the role of youth organizations, including the Komsomol, in the formation of civil society in the USSR. Although the turbulent political events of the late 1950s and 1960s showed an attempt to end the state monopoly in politics and economics, an effective civil society was only partially created. The author of the article believes that these processes began in the depths of the Soviet system – at the first signs of political warming and the spread of Komsomol movements. An important role in them was played by student construction brigades that functioned in the USSR during the period under study.

The purpose of the study is to characterize the role of student construction detachments as a component of the Komsomol movements in the USSR in the 1950s-1960s. The objectives of the study are to prove that student construction detachments, directly related to the Komsomol movements, became an important organization under Soviet rule. And also to analyze the Komsomol movements as a phenomenon that can give an interesting insight into the Soviet regime.

In the results and conclusions of the study, we can state that in Russia there are many archives with useful documents, but, unfortunately, they are not always available to wide circles. In this article, attention is devoted to the Komsomol movements and the activities of student construction detachments in the USSR, since this was and remains an important subject of discussion that deserves further study. Historians have devoted to the Komsomol either sections of their books or written articles with a very specific and narrow focus. This study seeks to explore any potential sources and obtain as much information as possible about the Komsomol in the 1950s and 1960s.

Key words: Komsomol, communist youth union, youth movements, 1950-1960, student construction brigades, USSR, Komsomol/LKSMU, all-Union student brigade, Soviet power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.007

M.S. TOSHEVA Candidate of History, Associate Professor of the Department of Mining, Economics and Environmental Management, Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting, Starooskolsky branch, Stary Oskol, Russia

N.A. TOSHEVA Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Mining, Economics and Environmental Management, Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting, Starooskolsky branch, Stary Oskol, Russia

A.N. LOGVINOVA Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor of the Department of Mining, Economics and Environmental Management, Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting, Starooskolsky branch, Stary Oskol, Russia

TRUCKS OF THE GORKY AUTOMOBILE PLANT AND THEIR USE IN THE RED ARMY IN THE FIRST PERIOD OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

Object: consider the process of completing the Red Army vehicle fleet on the eve and during the first period of the Great Patriotic War.

Methods: comparative-analytical, chronological, statistical.

Findings: the features of equipping the Soviet troops with automobile equipment in the considered chronological period are revealed.

Conclusions: the objective conditions prevailing in the initial period of the war determined the technical policy of the Soviet state and thus influenced the formation of the Red Army automobile fleet.

Key words: trucks, GAZ, Red Army, Great Patriotic War.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.008

Z.N. GADZHIEVA Research associate, Institute of History, Archaeologists and Ethnography of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Russia

WOMAN IN THE PUBLIC LIFE OF A DAGESTAN CITY AT THE END OF THE 19TH AND BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY: CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES

In the article, based on the example of the cities of Dagestan in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The cultural and educational activities of women are analyzed in order to determine their role in public life. The author shows the role of women in cultural and educational societies, reveals the directions of their work. Based on the materials of Temir-Khan-Shura and Derbent, a conclusion is made about a sharp increase in the level of female self-organization in the cities of the Russian periphery on the example of the activation of women in the cultural and educational field. The author emphasizes that at the time in question, women made a significant contribution to the development of urban culture.

Key words: woman, public life, cultural and educational activities, public organization, city, education, charity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.009

K.V. KISELEV Postgraduate student, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

POLITICAL EDUCATIONAL WORK AND OTHER MEASURES TO PREPARE FOR THE CONSCRIPTION OF CITIZENS LIABLE FOR MILITARY SERVICE IN 1943-1944 (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE ULYANOVSK REGION)

The author of the article, on archival documents that are first introduced into scientific circulation, considers the Drafting Company in the Ulyanovsk region in 1943-1944. which took place at the intermediate level. Despite the fullness of the activities carried out, there were certain problems with this type of training. An attempt was made to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the recruiting company during the war. Not all those recruited through the military registration and enlistment offices to serve in the Red Army met the required health and literacy. Schools did a lot of work to prepare for the draft, but there were some problems. For example, all mass sports work took place mainly on the street, which made it impossible to judge the comprehensive military physical training being conducted. In the winter, only ski training was carried out. But, nevertheless, in difficult material, technical and personnel conditions, schools carried out the necessary training not only in the curriculum, but also in the military-physical education of the younger generation.

Conversations about the Red Army with students were conducted systematically. The students were very interested in conversations about the events of the Great Patriotic War and the heroic past of the Soviet people. As for the organization of political and educational work in educational institutions, the following could be distinguished. In most schools, combatant units were organized from students.

Key words: conscription, war, Ulyanovsk region, combat service, citizen liable for military service.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.010

A.V. BEZHANOV South Ossetian state university named after A.A. Tibilov, Graduate of the Faculty of Law, Tskhinval, South Ossetian

UNITY OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY AND THE AUTONOMY OF SOUTHERN OSSETIA DURING THE PERIOD OF SELF-DETERMINATION OF THE OSSETIAN PEOPLE 1917-1922

This article examines the political and legal foundations of the autonomy of South Ossetia in the context of the self-determination of the Ossetian people in the period 1917-1922, in order to assess the degree of its legal impeccability, as well as to scientifically refute the erroneous statements that the autonomy of South Ossetia is a political creation of the Bolsheviks, in the period of Sovietization of Georgia. The article also reveals the problems of popular (national) sovereignty and its indivisibility on the example of the divided Ossetian people. These issues sufficiently reflect the problems of nation-building, which are inhibiting factors in the self-determination of the Ossetian people within the framework of modern federal Russia.

Key words: self-determination of the Ossetian people, Ossetia, Russia, the national question, South Ossetia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.011

E.G. ANTONOVA Postgraduate student of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

TRAINING OF PEDAGOGICAL STAFF IN THE PREREVOLUTIONARY SIMBIR PROVINCE

The country's industrial complex during the market reforms of the late XX – early XXI centuries suffered significant destruction, which entailed a reduction in the need for labor in the sphere of material production. The changes currently taking place in the education system of the Russian Federation are dictated by the needs of the reduced labor market in the sphere of material production. At the present historical stage, some elements of the educational system undergo adaptation to current conditions, while others disappear as unnecessary in these conditions. The preference in this work is given to the analysis of the multifaceted process of the formation and development of vocational education, its theory, the principles of training future workers, the scientific basis of the educational and educational processes during the development of capitalism in Russia and the transition from capitalism to socialism and how these principles and developments were introduced in life on the territory of the Simbirsk (Ulyanovsk) province in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. In the conditions of modern Russia, the study, preservation and creative processing of the rich historical and pedagogical experience of the creation and development of a professional school for Russia and, in particular, for the Ulyanovsk region is of great importance.

Key words: Simbirsk province, vocational schools, teacher, gymnasium, college, student.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.012

S.V. SIDOROV Graduate student, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

MILITARY-TECHNICAL TRAINING IN ULYANOVSK REGION DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Based on the analysis of archival data, the article analyzes the results of the main directions of the work of the Society for Assistance to Defense, Aviation and Chemical Construction (Osoaviakhim), the regional organization of DOSAAF and in the Komsomol-youth special units of the departments of general military training (Vsevobuch) of the Ulyanovsk region on the preparation of military reserves in 1941-1945 biennium The author also draws his attention to the problem of patriotic education aimed at the formation and development of a person who has the qualities of a citizen – a patriot and is able to successfully fulfill civil duties in peace and wartime. At the same time, the content of patriotic education is interconnected with cultural education. To return young people to spiritual life, creativity, to introduce them to the historically established traditions of Russian culture, to strengthen the connection between generations and to develop continuity between them, the upbringing of patriotism – these are the tasks, the implementation of which requires a systematic approach, high mobilization readiness, and a clear organization of actions. Using the example of the Regional DOSAF Committee of the Ulyanovsk Region, the key goals of the new united society are revealed, and the direction, successes and shortcomings, the results of the activities of the organizations of the Regional DOSAAF Committee of the Ulyanovsk Region are analyzed. Activities aimed at increasing the state's defense capability were aimed at the attention of the patriotic activities of defense societies. Over the years of their existence, they have done significant work – in the circles created at the organizations of societies, a large number of workers, employees, collective farmers, students, students received the specialties of radio operators, telephone operators, drivers, tractor drivers.

Key words: history of the USSR, World War II, Ulyanovsk Region, Osoaviahim, Vsevobuch, people's police.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.013

E.M. SOSNOVSKY Post-graduate student of the Department of History, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

THE ROLE OF MILITARY-DEFENSIVE AND PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CRIME

The article deals with the agitation and propaganda activities carried out by the party bodies in order to counteract and prevent crime in the Ulyanovsk region in 1941-1945. These measures were considered an effective method of crime prevention. The author claims that during the years of the Patriotic War, there is an increase in the role of agitation and propaganda as a key means to improve the morale of the population and maintain the well-functioning of the rear. The article analyzes the main types of agitation and propaganda activities, such as meetings of homeowners, party court. The mass media, mainly in the form of newspapers and magazines, were the most popular source of information, helping to maintain the patriotic spirit and selfless devotion to the Motherland. During the period under review, their main content was the press coverage of the fighting on the fronts and persistent, selfless work in the rear.

Key words: Ulyanovsk oblast, agitation, propaganda, meeting of the homeowners, the party court, fascism, soldiers, front, rear, Central Committee of the CPSU (b).

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.014

A.YU. FROLOV Postgraduate student, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanova, Ulyanovsk, Russia

ACTIVITY OF REGIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES ON SOLVING SOCIAL PROBLEMS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION)

The author in this article examines in detail the social policy (VKP (b) in the Ulyanovsk region during the Great Patriotic War, plans and their implementation, ideas and results of their implementation. The solution of the housing problem, communication between the regions of the region, the problem of providing the population with consumer goods The program of the party, in wartime conditions, ensured a balanced planning of all sectors of the regional economy for a relatively long perspective, absorbed and coordinated activities to implement already developed and existing programs. Social policy is one of the key directions of activity of state authorities and occupied, especially during the war years, one of the defining places in the life of the state and society.

In preparing the study, a complex of published and an extensive complex of unpublished sources was used. The main group of sources was made up of archival documents, which served as the basis for the analysis of the recruiting company of the region. The documents of the State Archives of the Russian Federation were examined.

On the basis of archival documents, information is considered on the activities of the departments of the district executive committees for state support and household arrangements for the families of military personnel in the Astradamovsky, Bogdashkinsky, Baryshsky, Barazno-Syzgan, Kuzovatovsky, Melekessky, Karsunsky and Mainsky districts of the Ulyanovsk region in 1944.

Key words: state support, household appliance, military families, allowance, pension, a complaint, statement, privileges, child care.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.015

GAO VEN'CZIN Postgraduate student, Department of the international humanitarian relations, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE PROJECT OF DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT LAND AND SEA INFRASTRUCTURE UNDER THE INITIATIVE «ONE BELT, ONE ROAD»

The article is devoted to the project of development of land and sea infrastructure under the Initiative «One Belt, One Road». The background and context of the Chinese project, the basic documents concerning it are considered. The main directions of its development are shown. The project of revival of the Great Silk Road concerns a lot of European and Asian states. The Russian Federation plays an important role in securing the northern direction of the transit route. The project gives the states of Central, South-Eastern and Western Asia a real opportunity to create the most modern infrastructure, modernize the economy and production, improve the standard of living of the population, creating new jobs. This integration will solve the most important political task, ensure the future and security of the region.

Key words: “One Belt, One Road”, Silk Road, China, Asia, transport, infrastructure, economic integration.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.016

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia

THE BIBLE AS A SOURCE OF LAW (PART NINE)

Based on the second part of Article 67 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the author sets the task to show the convergence in the legal systems of the world divine and human principles, while keeping in mind that the beginning of a positive (human, artificial) rights was embedded in the theological stage of civilization. The implementation of this task requires an analysis of various legal concepts in their historical development; the content of the Bible in the context of the norms of human behavior, rules of life (commandments, parables of Jesus Christ, recommendations of the Holy Apostles); regulatory documents of various countries, including Russia, in their historical development.

The article is divided into several parts based on the volume of its content.

Key words: God, divine law, natural law, positive law, Bible, Commandments, philosophers, scientists, lawyers, normative documents, legal concepts.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.017

SH.S. SULEYMANOVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor at the Department of Public Relations and Media Policy, Faculty of Journalism, IGSU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN THE MODERN WORLD: ROLE AND INFLUENCE

The article is devoted to the understanding of political communication in the system society – mass media – power. The work notes that in the 21st century, a person's need for information is increasing. The process of information exchange and interaction in society can be defined as political communication. Its functioning is directly related to the development of information technology and political events. The author's attention is focused on information opportunities and the development of the information society. It is noted that political PR and propaganda are also integral components of the communication process. Communication is the foundation of any type of interaction, especially socio-political.

Key words: political communication, information, information technology, propaganda, political PR.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.018

M.A. EVSEEVA Junior research fellow of the Center for the Study Interethnic Relations, Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia

INFLUENCE OF ETHNICITY ON ACCESS TO POWER: PRESENTATION OF RUSSIAN CITIZENS

The article analyzes the opinion of Russians about the influence of ethnicity on the possibility of occupying a high position in authorities. It is concluded that attitudes about the ethnic conditionality of access to power are widespread and are present in the perceptions of Russians regardless of the region of residence.

Key words: ethnicity, social inequality, social exclusion, access to power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.019

T.A. VASILEVA Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor, Chair of Political Science, Institute of Oriental Studies – School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia

B.A. TUZOVSKY Student of a bachelor's degree of the department of Political Science, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia

D.S. OVCHINNIKOV Student of a bachelor's degree of the department of Political Science, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEDIA INDICES HEADS OF SUBJECTS OF THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CIVIL DIALOGUE SOCIETIES AND AUTHORITIES

The rapid development of social media is one of the most trendy and promising areas of development in the modern world, but at the same time, this phenomenon is controversial. Mastering the technologies offered by web 2.0 services currently has high potential and is being discussed all over the world. They fulfill such key functions as active user involvement, which in turn is often a tool for various forms of political mobilization. The use of methods of content analysis, discourse analysis, statistical analysis and the comparative method allowed us to identify the specifics of the construction, development and functioning of the dialogue between the authorities and civil society through web 2.0 services. Thanks to this, we formed a media index, which served as the basis for assessing and comparatively characterizing the effectiveness of the interaction of the heads of the Far Eastern Federal District with citizens through web 2.0 services, with the presentation of the corresponding rating.

Key words: media index, web 2.0, social media, engagement rate, head of the subject, Far Eastern Federal District, civil society, power, comparative analysis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.020

R.J. EFENDIYEV PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Socio-Economic Researches Center, Baku, Azerbaijan

POPULATION AND WAR: DEMOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS

The study examines the relationship between population and war through demographic, economic and social dimensions. The main purpose of the work is to study the influence and role of the population on the emergence and development of internal and interstate conflicts.

The paper uses a comparative method of research. By comparing two or more objects (phenomena, ideas, research results, statistics, etc.), in order to classify and typology, they distinguish the general and different. In particular, regarding the typology of wars and other considerations concerning key groups of the population.

The study suggests whether Governments can enhance the security of their States, different regions, and the world as a whole through key factors related both to economic and demographic change? The findings of the study give rise to expectations of progress in the use of populations as an important variable to be taken into account in addressing the fundamental issues of war and peace. The relationship between population change and possible wars is shown, it was established that directly population growth theoretically may cause armed conflict. An assumption was made about the connection between the change in the number of people deprived of appropriate economic growth and the emergence of conflicts and wars. It is noted that in the future, population and war will be the subject of more intensive study due to the continued growth of the population in the world, the increase in the number of conflicts related to natural and land resources, and the understanding by the world community of the problem of the impact of population on national security.

Key words: population, war, demography, military demographics, Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, socio-economic potential.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.021

V.O. VEKSHIN St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, St. Petersburg, Russia

ESSENCE AND ROLE OF STATE YOUTH POLICY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article analyzes the importance of youth, since without such a social group it is impossible to further ensure the socio-economic development of society as a whole, the creation of material and spiritual benefits, the development of the state and consolidation of a stable level of competitiveness in the world arena. The study examines the theoretical essence of the state youth policy in the Russian Federation, its role in the development of society, basic concepts, regulatory legal acts related to this direction of development of the state.

Key words: state youth policy, youth, state development, Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.022

R.V. NADTOKA PhD student, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, deputy head of the Digital Development Department, Center for Information and Technical Support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

E.D. GARBUZENKO PhD Student, Faculty of Geography Perm State National Research University PGNIU, Perm, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF A SCIENTIFIC AND MANAGEMENT MONITORING SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL OF ETHNOPOLITICAL TENSION BASED ON OPEN DATA

This article considers an attempt to create a public monitoring system that aims to assess the potential of ethnopolitical tension in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. For this purpose, an audit of the existing open data was carried out and patterns were identified based on the parameters of public requests of users on the Internet related to ethnopolitical topics. The identified requests were grouped into four categories: ethnonationalism, ethnoseparatism, ethnocrime, and destabilization. Based on the results of the study, a scientific and managerial tool for monitoring public attention to the interethnic and ethno – political agenda was created and launched in a test mode based on the "index of conformity of values" method, as well as processing data from Internet users ' requests through available software tools. The developed interactive tool, thanks to the implemented capabilities of the graphical display of the processed data, allows for early identification of possible risks of the growth of regional instability. The tool is presented on a specially created Internet portal http://ethnomonitoring.ru/, which is of a reference and informational nature and is aimed at popularizing research in the field of ethnopolitics, as well as supporting the development of additional methods for analyzing and preventing ethnopolitical and interethnic conflicts. The developed portal can also be useful for state civil servants in preventing protest moods and taking additional measures to deradicalize vulnerable regional communities in the conditions of socio-political and epidemiological turbulence.

Key words: information portal, data parameters, conformity index, ethnonationalism, ethnoseparatism, ethnocrime, destabilization.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.023

I.V. IAROVAIA Director of The Modern Etiquette Academy, specialist of Public Relations as Part of International Relations, Master in International Relations, SPbU, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

FORMATION TOOLS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION POSITIVE IMAGE IN THE CORONAVIRUS ERA

In this article, the author examines such actions of the Russian Federation as humanitarian assistance to other countries and vaccine diplomacy from the point of view of tools for forming a positive image of the state in the international arena. The paper is devoted to the analysis of the geopolitical directions of humanitarian assistance provided by the Kremlin and the advantages of Russia in vaccine diplomacy at this stage of the epidemic development. The author suggests how the rhetoric of the Kremlin's modern aid policy in the future may affect the perception of the image of the Russian Federation by the world community.

Key words: state image, image of Russia, quarantine, vaccine, COVID-19, humanitarian aid, vaccine diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.024

V.S. KUKSEVICH Graduate student, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

PRIORITIES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN REGIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC SANCTIONS

The article studies the essence of socio-economic development. Based on an analysis of the problems and limitations of the economy of Russia and its regions associated with international and economic sanctions, the priorities of the socio-economic development of Russian regions are formulated.

Key words: economic growth, oil prices, technology, innovation, digital transformation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.025

YU.D. MELNIKOVA Postgraduate student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

TO THE ISSUE OF DEMOLISHING MONUMENTS OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

Based on the analysis of the internal political processes catalyzed by the death of J. Floyd in May 2020, the article analyzes the factors influencing the exacerbation of racist issues in the United States. The reasons and consequences of the sewerage of the racial issue in the wave of the demolition of monuments to soldiers and generals of the Confederation are shown. Monument fighting in the United States is viewed not only as a manifestation of vandalism, a desire to rewrite the history of the country, as a reaction to what is happening in the political sphere, but also in the semantic problem field – as acts of struggle with old symbols, and a demonstration of readiness to break with the old order. Prospects for the emergence of a movement that generate new images that can be powerful agents of social change are predicted on the basis of a series of acts on the demolition of monuments. In addition, the author analyzed the position of local authorities regarding the demolition of monuments, their desire to keep the dismantling procedures in line with the law.

Key words: local government, monuments of the Confederation, public inquiry, values, racism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.026

V.I. ROZENBERG Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Policy Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF SAUDI ARABIA IN THE POLITICAL-MILITARY CONFLICT IN SYRIA

"The Arab Spring has had a significant impact on the policies of the countries in the MENA region. Countries have had to make significant changes to their traditional foreign policy and focus on their neighbours. One prominent example of the dynamics of interests and position in foreign policy is Saudi Arabia in the context of Syrian conflict.

To assess Saudi Arabia's role in the Syrian politico-military conflict, this article examines the political relations of the two countries, the Kingdom's interests and involvement in the conflict, and the change in Saudi Arabia's position as the conflict progresses.

Key words: political conflictology, Saudi Arabia, political-military conflict, conflict resolution, Syrian Arab Republic, syrian conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.027

N.V. KHOLODKOVA Post-graduate student of the Department of Earth Sciences of School of Natural Sciences of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

REGIONAL AUTONOMIZATION AS A TOOL OF INTERNAL NATIONAL POLICY IN A POLYETHNIC STATE: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

The article examines the main approaches to the implementation of state policy in the field of regulation of social relations in multiethnic states. It is noted that two strategies for managing ethnic diversity are used in political practice. They divided on the “dissolution” of ethnic minorities among the dominant ethnic majority and the creation of “ethnic” regions with a special legal status.

Author carried out the analysis of the structure of the administrative-territorial structure of the People’s Republic of China, the essence, structure and peculiarity of the institution of regional autonomy, and considered its role as an instrument for the implementation of the national ethnic policy of the country.

Based on the methods of content analysis, synthesis, comparison and structural-functional analysis conclusions are drawn about the uniqueness of the model of the administrative-territorial structure of the PRC, the relationship between ethnic gerrymandering and the socio-political course of the central government is revealed.

Key words: territorial structure of the state, multi-ethnic state, ethnic fragmentation, ethnic territorial autonomy, the People’s Republic of China.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.028

M.V. BOLSHAKOV Master's Degree faculty of National and General History and Municipal Administration. State Social and Humanitarian University, Kolomna, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF RECONSTRUCTION OF THE TRADITIONAL WOMEN'S COSTUME OF THE PEASANT POPULATION OF THE RYAZAN GUBERNIYA OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF KASIMOV, SPASSKY AND ZARAISK COUNTIES)

The article is devoted to the problem of reconstruction of women's peasant costume in the second half of the XIX century. The Ryazan gubernia during this period was a territory that had a great variety of customs and traditions in the life of the peasants. At this time, the women's costume begins to lose its archaic character due to the development of latrine crafts. It begins to "dissolve" under the influence of factory production and the spread of urban culture. The paper considers various costume complexes that are found on the territory of Kassimovsky, Spassky and Zaraisk counties. The article uses the analysis of elements of women's clothing. The author studied the documents related to traditional culture. These materials are questionnaires systematized by Mansurov Alexey Alekseevich, who was a bibliographer, local historian, one of the organizers of the Kasimov Museum of Local professional knowledge. Based on the data obtained, it was revealed that the complexity lies in the variety of costume complexes that existed on the territory of the Ryazan gubernia. To date, it is difficult to give a territorial reference to a particular suit, because the elements of clothing differed not only in the counties, but also in neighboring volosts. And the relatively small number of questionnaires has led to the fact that sometimes the researcher not only can not give a specific description of the female peasant costume of a particular territory, but also the probability of losing part of the traditional culture of certain volosts is high.

Key words: peasant costume, Ryazan province, Zaraiskiy uyezd, Kasimov uyezd, Spassky Uyezd, costume complex, reconstruction, peasants.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.029

N.E. CHITAEV Teacher education student with two training profiles (history; law), Ishim Pedagogical Institute. P.P. Ershova (branch), Tyumen State University, Ishim, Russia

K.V. STEINFELD Teacher education student with two training profiles (history; law), Ishim Pedagogical Institute. P.P. Ershova (branch), Tyumen State University, Ishim, Russia

THE PEASANT UPRISING OF 1921 IN THE YALUTOROVSK UEZD OF THE TYUMEN PROVINCE

The article examines the reasons, course, consequences of the peasant uprising of 1921 on the territory of the present Uporovsky district, which was previously part of the Yalutorovsky district of the Tyumen province. (In 1913, the district included 34 volosts: Avazbakeevskaya, Arkhangelsk, Bigelinskaya, Bobylevskaya, Borovinskaya, Verkhne-Beshkilskaya, Verkh-Suerskaya, Golopupovskaya, Emurtlinskaya, Zavodoukovskaya, Ivanovskaya, Ingalinskaya, Isetskaya, Kizakskaya, Kodyskaya, Korkinskaya, Mokrousovskaya, Mostovskaya, Novozaimskaya, Omutinskaya, Pletnevskaya, Pyatkovskaya, Salamatovskaya, Singulskaya, Slobodo-Bishkilskaya, Suerskaya, Tersyukskaya, Tomilovskaya, Uporovskaya, Shatrovskaya, Shorohovskaya, Yurginskaya; of which 7 were included in the current Yerkin Uporovskaya, Mokrousovskaya, Pyatkovskaya, Suerskaya, Uporovskaya). The authors paid special attention to the repressive activities of the rebels.

Key words: peasant uprising, Uporovo, Yemurtla, insurrectionary terror.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.75.6.030

A.YU. SOROKA Master, Member of the Council of Young Scientists of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ISSUES OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES IN ITALY

In the last decade, the economic and demographic situation in the Italian Republic has been greatly influenced by migration flows. The constantly growing influx of migrants is facilitated not only by the country's geographical transit position, but also by the structure of the national economy of Italy, as well as by the interest of business: cheap labor is in demand among entrepreneurs. As a result, today in Italy there is a certain imbalance in different spheres of the life of society and the state. In connection with the rapid process of aging of the country's population, the influx of migrants performs an important function of replenishing the loss of population and filling the labor market. However, the consequences of migration are not always positive.

Key words: Italy, European Union, migration policy, cultural and social integration.

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