№ 10 (115), 2024

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 14. Issue 10 (115), 2024

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY. ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Kurbanov N.I., Varakin M.M. “The Russian Posture” and the International Situation in East Asia in the 1930s: A. Denikin's View
Plekhanov A.A. «The Royal Eye Sees Far Away» (The Secret Office of Peter the Great)
Bubovich S.S. Personnel Training in the Ulyanovsk Region in the Post-War Years
Vdovin S.S. Some Aspects of the Interethnic Relations in Khwarazm in the Late 18th – the Middle of the 19th Century
Ivlev D.M. Reconstruction of the Vyshnevolotsky Watershed in the Period 1784-1792 in the Documents of the State Archive of the Tver Region
Lichak N.A., Rudenko L.D., Krivova A.L. Historical Stages of the Development of the National System of Local Self-Government in the Soviet Period
Liu Zhen. Problems and Prospects of Cooperation Between the USSR and China in the Field of Economics and Trade

THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS

Legostaev I.A. Discourse Analysis in Political Science: Methodological Opportunities and Limitations
Protsenko A.V., Bervino E.G. The Protective Function of Moderate Conservatism in the Context of Geopolitical Transformations
Prianichnikov N.O. Development of the Concept of Mythomoteur in Ethnosymbolist Theories of Nation and Nationalism

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, POLITICAL PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Balynskaya N.R., Dzyuban V.V., Murtazin R.A. Institutionalization of the Basis for the Formation and Implementation of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation
Abramov I.O. Comparative Analysis of Lobbying Models in Central Asian Countries

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Letiaev V.A., Кarpovich O.G., Ignatova K.E. Soverenization of State National Policy in the Context of Russian Participation in the Council of Europe
Vasyushkin A.V. Theoretical Aspects of Indicative Management of Socio-Economic Processes
Letiaev V.A., Zakaurtseva T.A., Nogmova A.S., Ignatova K.E. A Multi-Level Model of Management Decisions in the Republic of Tatarstan on Countering Risks and Threats in the Field of Interethnic Relations
Baranov O.A., Aleksanyan L.V., Bolieva A.A., Tsallaeva Z.V. Main Characteristics and Psychological Characteristics of Persons Who Fell under the Influence of the Ideology of "Columbine" ("School Shooting"). Algorithm of Work to Identify the Facts of the Spread of School Shooting in Educational Organizations

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Shangaraev R.N., Goncharov S.V. Features of the Formation of the Turkish Expatriate Community in Germany
Lu Zhenrong. Elements of Chinese Culture in Chinese Foreign Policy on the Example of Central Asia
Bogdanova A.V., Zhukova E.V. The Influence of Historical Myth on the Development of Separatist Tendencies (Based on the Examples of Catalonia and Kosovo)
Karkin A.S. The Impact of the Political Situation on the Training of Athletes: History and Modernity
Yuan Chenzhao, Qian Chen. From the Soviet Model to Chinese Specificity: a Comparative Study of the Paths of Modernization of Ruling Parties in Socialist States
Grebnev R.D. Latin American Regionalism on the Way Towards Decentralization of Global Regulation of International Relations
Grishanova A.G. Demographic Security, Demographic Potential and Migration Processes in the Russian Federation and the EAEU (Conceptual Apparatus – Socio-Political and Theoretical Aspects)
Jiang Dan. A Study of the Ordering and Translation of Archival Materials of International Communication Lines in Northeast China During the War of Resistance to Japanese Aggression from the Point of View of Chinese and Russian Archives
Oschepkov E.R. Strategic Dialog Between Japan and ASEAN: Origins, Evolution, Perspectives
Pham Hoang Anh, Do Thi Van Phuong, Phan Thi Nhuan. Vietnam – ASEAN: Political Lessons from History
Fatkhullina D.V. Educational Policy as an Area of Work of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia within the Framework of the "Soft Power" Policy

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

Medvedev N.P., Slizovskiy D.E. Electoral-Political Competition: Analytical Review of Scientific Publications (Part One)

DOMESTIC HISTORY. ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.001

N.I. KURBANOV Research Intern, Center for Spatial Analysis of International Relations, Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia

M.M. VARAKIN First-year student, Master's degree program "History", Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

“THE RUSSIAN POSTURE” AND THE INTERNATIONAL SITUATION IN EAST ASIA IN THE 1930S: A. DENIKIN'S VIEW

This article is devoted to the analysis of the rising international tensions in Northeast Asia in the 1920s and 1930s. It also analyzes the views of A.I. Denikin on Russia`s regional posture. These views on the balance of power in Northeast Asia in the 1930s are compared with the real regional trends of that time, and with the Japanese foreign policy doctrine and the imperial project in Northeast Asia. The position of Russia and Russians in the Far East is also considered in the context of increasing military and political tension.

Key words: Russia, Japan, Russian emigration, A. Denikin, foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.002

А.А. PLEKHANOV Candidate of Sciences (history), Senior Researcher at the Research Center of fundamental military-historical problems, Military University Prince Alexander Nevsky of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

«THE ROYAL EYE SEES FAR AWAY» (The Secret Office of Peter the Great)

The article examines the causes of the emergence of this body, the types of state crimes and the procedure for investigating them. The author substantiates the conclusion that the appearance of a special state security service in Russia was a natural stage in the formation of an absolute monarchy.

Key words: Secret Chancellery, Peter I, Preobrazhensky order, Tsarevich Alexei, P.A. Tolstoy, A.I. Ushakov.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.003

S.S. BUBOVICH PhD student, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

PERSONNEL TRAINING IN THE ULYANOVSK REGION IN THE POST-WAR YEARS

The article provides a research analysis of archival documents, the State Archive of the Modern History of the Ulyanovsk Region (GANI UO) and the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region (GAO), which were introduced for the first time into scientific circulation, the implementation of the party-state policy on personnel training for educational institutions in the early 1950s. The article examines the problem of staffing and staffing of schools in the Ulyanovsk region in the last years of the 1940s and provides statistical data on the number of teachers, their qualifications and distribution among various types of schools. The Ulyanovsk region, as an important region in the center of the country, faced acute problems of shortage of school premises, trained personnel and textbooks. Nevertheless, a program has begun to rebuild and build new schools, especially in rural areas where education has traditionally been less accessible. The leading educational authorities have been actively working to educate a new generation with an emphasis on labor traditions and patriotism.

Key words: teacher, school, personnel training, Ulyanovsk region, staffing of schools.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.004

S.S. VDOVIN Researcher, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia

SOME ASPECTS OF THE INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN KHWARAZM IN THE LATE 18TH – THE MIDDLE OF THE 19TH CENTURY

The present article focuses on the interethnic relations in Khwarazm in the late 18th – the middle of the 19th century based on foreign visitors to the oasis, Chagatai and Persian chronicles and other materials. The sources show that communications between ethnic communities in Khwarazm were multifaceted and not always peaceful, manifesting themselves in the socio-economic and cultural-political spheres of life of the local society and affecting the ways of management and worldview of certain peoples and tribes.

Key words: Khwarazm, Khanate of Khiva, Qongrats, interethnic relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.005

D.M. IVLEV PhD student, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY WATERSHED IN THE PERIOD 1784-1792 IN THE DOCUMENTS OF THE STATE ARCHIVE OF THE TVER REGION

Introduction: at the end of the XVIII century. The Vyshnevolotsk water system occupied a special place in the economy of the Russian Empire. Up to eighty percent of vital cargo from central Russia was delivered via the Vyshnevolotsky Waterway. Caravans of ships with bread, iron, and ship timber were coming to the capital. When passing the Vyshnevolotsky watershed section of the water system, problems often arose caused by a small amount of water. Problems in the movement of caravans and the dilapidation of the main hydraulic engineering facilities of the system affected the life of the imperial capital. Therefore, solving these problems has become a priority task of the Department of Water Communications. A large-scale reconstruction of the waterway infrastructure, which included the construction of new locks and dams, the creation of canals and additional reservoirs, was supposed to solve this problem. In the scientific literature, the process of reconstruction of one of the most important sections of the Vyshnevolotsk water system is covered only in general terms, without specifying specific information that allows you to trace the progress and results of the work. Therefore, it is of special scientific interest.

Purpose: a detailed description of the process of reconstruction of the Vyshnevolotsky watershed in the last quarter of the XVIII century, the establishment of the names of engineers, contractors and direct performers.

Tasks: identification of new sources of information on the reconstruction of the Vyshnevolotsky watershed in the funds of the Tver State Archive and analysis of new sources of information on the reconstruction of the Vyshnevolotsky watershed.

Methods: analysis of well-known works related to the reconstruction of the Vyshnevolotsk water system, collection and generalization of archival materials related to work on water system facilities and assessment of information obtained during the study.

Result: the most complete picture of the progress of the construction of the Tveretsky and Tsninsky locks, the Factory bayshlot, and the Rudnevsky Canal has been established.

Conclusion: based on the studied materials, new start dates are introduced into scientific circulation – 1784 and the completion of the construction of the Tveretsky lock – 1787, work on the reconstruction of hydraulic engineering facilities at the Vyshnevolotsky watershed dates back to 1784-1792, among the names of direct persons involved in the work, the Enik lock master was named for the first time, as well as the names of contractors and performers of the work from Kargopolsky district, Vyshny Volochok and surrounding villages.

Key words: waterway, reservoir, Vyshnevolotskaya water system, Catherine II, hydraulic structures, gateway.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.006

N.A. LICHAK Doctor of cultural studies, Associate professor Professor of the Department of Modern Axiological Problems and Religious Thought, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia; Head of the Department of Humanities, Yaroslavl State Technical University, Yaroslavl, Russia

L.D. RUDENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Associate Professor of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia; Associate Professor of the Department of Humanities, Yaroslavl State Technical University, Yaroslavl, Russia

A.L. KRIVOVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

HISTORICAL STAGES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL SYSTEM OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE SOVIET PERIOD

The article examines the principles of interaction between state and local authorities in different periods in the Soviet state. Analyzing the evolutionary foundations of local self-government in the country and highlighting the foundations laid in the management of Soviet society, it should be noted that coordinating the development of the state on the basis of socialistic principles is the most important condition for maintaining the stability of the Soviet political regime. In the course of analyzing the provisions of the paradise of Soviet classics and domestic researchers, methods of historical and philosophical analysis, comparative analysis, and an interdisciplinary approach were applied. It was noted that the process of relying on local authorities intensified during stable periods of development of Soviet society and slowed down under the threat and challenges of wartime. The basic conclusion of the study is that in Soviet society, under conditions of totalitarian limited government, its own model of local self-government was formed. At the same time, the ideological, administrative and economic barriers that stood in the way of the development of local self-government gradually decreased, stimulating the participation of citizens in public political and economic management. The interaction scheme was characterized by a number of features, which further contributed to its transformation.

Key words: local self-government, state power, historical stages, USSR.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.007

LIU ZHEN Postgraduate student Department of Russian History history and philology institute, State University of Education, Mytishchi, Russia

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE USSR AND CHINA IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMICS AND TRADE

The article discusses issues related to the problems and prospects of cooperation between the USSR and China in the field of economics and trade. The history of the formation of relations between the USSR and China, which has undergone a long evolution in its development, is studied. The period of fragmentation of relations between the allied countries is considered. The main factors of improving trade and economic relations in this period of time have been studied. The analysis of the indicators of the development of trade between the USSR and China in 1988-1991 was carried out, which revealed positive dynamics and possible further prospects for trade and economic cooperation. Today, China and Russia are important strategic partners and have close relations. Good-neighborly relations are a top priority for both countries, as they consider politics, economics and cultural exchange important for promoting mutually beneficial relations between neighboring countries. The development of the economy and trade remains one of the main priorities of doing business in the international arena.

Purpose: to study the problems and prospects of cooperation between the USSR and China in the field of economics and trade, to identify the main features and features.

Methods: the method of analysis, comparison, logical reasoning.

Results: The problems and prospects of cooperation between the USSR and China in the field of economics and trade are studied. The main features and features are revealed.

Conclusions: The development of trade and economic relations between the USSR and China has gone through a long stage of evolution, which was accompanied by ups and downs. However, this stage of development allowed us to achieve positive results, which were the expansion of trade relations and the strengthening of mutually beneficial cooperation, the expansion of trade turnover, an increase in exports and imports on the international market, increased financial stability, business activity, as well as economic security. The obtained results determined the prospects for further cooperation and development of trade and economic activities.

Key words: problems, USSR, China, economy, trade, development, communications.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.008

I.A. LEGOSTAEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE: METHODOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS

This article examines the role and place of discourse analysis within the methodological toolkit of modern political science. By systematizing theoretical approaches and analyzing the practical application of the method, the key opportunities and limitations of discourse analysis in the study of political processes and phenomena are identified. Special attention is given to critical discourse analysis as an interdisciplinary methodology that allows for the integration of qualitative and quantitative approaches in political research. The author analyzes both international and domestic experiences in the use of discourse analysis in political science, identifying key trends and issues in its application. Suggestions are made for enhancing the effectiveness of the method in political research. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the comprehensive examination of the methodological potential of discourse analysis for the development of political science and the formulation of recommendations for its integration into research practices.

Key words: discourse analysis, political science, methodology of political research, critical discourse analysis, qualitative methods, quantitative methods, political discourse.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.009

A.V. PROTSENKO Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Public Administration Lugansk State University named after V. Dahl, Lugansk, Russia

E.G. BERVINO PhD student Lugansk State University named after V. Dahl, Lugansk, Russia

THE PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF MODERATE CONSERVATISM IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

As the most constructive form of the modern ideology of conservatism in relation to the adaptation of the political system and, in general, the development of Russian statehood, the concept of moderate conservatism is considered, the essential and functional core of which is its protective protective basis. The peculiarities of understanding moderate conservatism in the concepts of Western and domestic authors are analyzed, the criteria for distinguishing between moderate and pure types of conservatism of the protective are comprehended. The main functional vectors of the practical application of the protective potential and the directions of the concept are formulated.

Key words: doctrine, conservatism, moderate conservatism, protective functions, ideology, evolution, transformation, traditional values, sovereignty, identity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.010

N.O. PRIANICHNIKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Philosophy Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF MYTHOMOTEUR IN ETHNOSYMBOLIST THEORIES OF NATION AND NATIONALISM

The article examines the development of the concept of mythomoteur in the works of two main representatives of the ethnosymbolist approach in the studies of nation and nationalism – John Armstrong and Anthony Smith. This concept occupies an important place in the ethnosymbolist approach. However, in modern domestic and foreign scientific literature on the topic of ethnosymbolism, the concept of mythomoteur is either not considered at all, or is described very briefly as an auxiliary element.

The aim of the study is to build a holistic picture of this development, which will show how the concept of mythomoteur in Smith's 1986 work has changed compared to Armstrong's 1982 work. To achieve this goal, the the following research tasks are performed in the article: a consistent analysis of John Armstrong's work "Nations before Nationalism" and Anthony Smith's work "The Ethnic Origins of Nations", a comparison of the authors' approaches to the concept of mythomoteur, as well as a search and analysis of other scientific literature on the topic of the article. The main research methods are comparative analysis, content analysis and logical analysis of the above-mentioned works.

The result of the study is a detailed comparison of the concept of mythomoteur in the works of Armstrong and Smith, building a holistic picture of the development of this concept in their works. It is concluded that Armstrong was the first to make mythomoteur part of the ethnosymbolist approach, gave it its modern definition, carried out its primary theoretical development and applied it to the analysis of historical material. In Smith's later work, the concept of the mythomoteur was seriously developed, primarily in theoretical terms – he created a typology of mythomoteurs, and described each of these types in detail. The works of Armstrong and Smith formed the understanding of the mythomoteur, which is still used today in studies of nation and nationalism.

Key words: mythomoteur, ethnosymbolism, John Armstrong, Anthony Smith, myth, nation, polity.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, POLITICAL PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.011

N.R. BALYNSKAYA Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Vice-Rector State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "South Ural State Institute of Arts named after P.I. Tchaikovsky", Chelyabinsk, Russia

V.V. DZYUBAN Doctor of Historical Sciences, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the Department of "History and Philosophy" Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Plekhanov Russian University of Economics", Moscow, Russia

R.A. MURTAZIN Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of MSU Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosova", Magnitogorsk, Russia

INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE BASIS FOR THE FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE NATIONAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The relevance of studying the institutional basis for the formation and implementation of the state national policy of the Russian Federation in modern conditions is beyond doubt. The multinational composition of the country, characterized by a complex interweaving of ethnic, religious and cultural identities, in itself determines the need for a deep analysis of the mechanisms that ensure the harmonious coexistence of various population groups and the prevention of interethnic conflicts, which is revealed by the authors of the study.

Key words: state national policy, migration, national minorities, ethnic conflicts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.011

I.O. ABRAMOV Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LOBBYING MODELS IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES

Lobbying is currently one of the most important ways of communication between interest groups and authorities in each country. In addition, today this institution is becoming an important mechanism for the foreign policy of states, allowing them to pursue their own interests abroad through business. In this regard, it becomes relevant to study the models of lobbying in Central Asian countries as a very important area of activity of the Russian state and business.

The purpose of this work is to identify the key characteristics inherent in the lobbying model of the Central Asian countries. Accordingly, based on this goal, the following tasks will be solved: determining the general and private for lobbying in Central Asian countries, researching legislation regulating contacts between authorities and interest groups, determining the specifics of interaction between interest groups and authorities in these countries, as well as the main access channels for interaction with authorities. The main research methods are cross-national comparative analysis, as well as document analysis.

As a result of the study, it was determined that the lobbying model of Central Asia is transitional from managed to pluralistic, therefore it is characterized by a high role of informal institutions. Bureaucracy and executive authorities can be considered the main channel of communication between interest groups and decision makers, as they are highly significant in local political systems. Public opinion, legislative authorities and parties have less influence, therefore they are not so important for lobbyists. Legislative regulation of lobbying, including foreign lobbying, is rather poorly developed, most of the bills address this problem only indirectly.

Key words: lobbying, interest groups, politics, governance, Central Asia.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.012

V.A. LETIAEV DSc. (Law), CandSc. (Hist.). Professor, Professor of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

О.G. КARPOVICH DSc. (Law). DSc. (Polit) Vice-Rector for Scientific Affairs of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

K.E. IGNATOVA CandSc. (Law). Associate Professor, Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia

SOVERENIZATION OF STATE NATIONAL POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIAN PARTICIPATION IN THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE

The article examines issues related to the strategy of national policy as a message of the state, in the aspect of the emergence of the actualization of “feedback” of the state with society. The goals of the article are to characterize the process of sovereignization of state national policy by changing its properties, under the influence of internal and external challenges in the conditions of its sovereignization, which complements the existing scientific ideas about ensuring the effectiveness of state national policy. Applied: system analysis method, historical and comparative legal methods. The results of the study complement the scientific knowledge about state national policy in the context of its sovereignization.

Key words: Russia, national politics, state, sovereignty, ethnopolitics, Council of Europe, European Court.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.013

A.V. VASYUSHKIN PhD student, Institute of Public Service and Management RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF INDICATIVE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROCESSES

In the context of global transformations in economic paradigms, traditional approaches to managing economic growth are becoming inadequate, necessitating innovative regulation methods. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to adapt the principles of indicative management from the microeconomic level to the macroeconomic level, taking into account the complexity and multifaceted nature of national and global economic systems. The aim of the work is to develop a universal algorithm for indicative management of macroeconomic processes through the detailing of its fundamental principles. To achieve this goal, the identification and analysis of specific characteristics of indicative management at the macro level were conducted, as well as a comparative analysis of national models of indicative management implementation in countries such as France, Japan, China, and Germany. The methodological foundation of the research is based on a systems approach and comparative analysis. The result of the work is the formation of a theoretical and methodological foundation for the effective application of indicative management in macroeconomic regulation, which includes four key functions: information-coordinating, information-orienting, guiding, and goal-setting. In addition, principles of objectivity, systematics, continuous development, and others have been developed to ensure the systematic and adaptive nature of management decisions at the state level. The conclusions of the work emphasize the significance of indicative management as a dynamic and flexible mechanism capable of ensuring sustainable and progressive development of the national economy in the long term.

Key words: indicative management, macroeconomics, strategic planning, economic regulation, socio-economic processes, systems approach, national economy, sustainable development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.014

V.A. LETIAEV DSc. (Law), CandSc. (Hist.). Professor, Professor of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

T.A. ZAKAURTSEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor at the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

A.S. NOGMOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Training of Highly Qualified Personnel of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

K.E. IGNATOVA CandSc. (Law). Associate Professor, Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia

A MULTI-LEVEL MODEL OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN ON COUNTERING RISKS AND THREATS IN THE FIELD OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS

The article considers local risks and threats in the field of interethnic relations in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. The purpose of the article is to characterize the process of resolving emerging problems in the field of ethno-confessional relations using the positive practice of one of the regions of Russia (on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan), as well as to identify local positive practice aimed at effectively ensuring state national policy. Applied: the method of system analysis, historical and comparative legal methods. The results of the study complement scientific knowledge about the risks and threats in the field of interethnic relations.

Key words: multiethnic state, interethnic relations, state power, national policy, public administration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.015

O.A. BARANOV Head of the Office of the Anti-Terrorist Commission in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (ATC in the RSO-Alania), Vladikavkaz, Russia

L.V. ALEKSANYAN Acting Head of the Center for Psychological Support for Education at the North Ossetian Pedagogical College, Vladikavkaz, Russia

A.A. BOLIEVA Chief Specialist of the Department for Ensuring Security of Educational Institutions of the State Budgetary Institution "Center for Support of the Activities of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania", Vladikavkaz, Russia

Z.V. TSALLAEVA Educational psychologist, Center for the Prevention of Deviant Behavior of Children and Youth, GBPOU "North Ossetian Pedagogical College", Vladikavkaz, Russia

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS WHO FELL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE IDEOLOGY OF "COLUMBINE" ("SCHOOL SHOOTING"). ALGORITHM OF WORK TO IDENTIFY THE FACTS OF THE SPREAD OF SCHOOL SHOOTING IN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

This article discusses the main characteristics and psychological characteristics of people who have fallen under the influence of the ideology of "columbine" (schoolshooting). Behavioral markers aimed at early identification of potential columbineers for effective implementation of preventive measures are also presented. The article shows an algorithm for identifying the facts of the spread of schoolshooting in educational institutions of North Ossetia-Alania.

Key words: Columbine, school shooting, subcultural movements, behavioral markers, online communities, threat, bullying.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.016

R.N. SHANGARAEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor, professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

S.V. GONCHAROV Undergraduate student of the Faculty of International Relations of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE TURKISH EXPATRIATE COMMUNITY IN GERMANY

The purpose of the research. The article is devoted to the features of the formation of the Turkish expatriate community in Germany, the analysis of the Ottoman-Prussian, and then Turkish-German relations in the political, economic, military and cultural spheres. In addition, the aim of the article is to present an analysis of the German immigration policy during the Cold War and the modern policy, taking into account the new challenges that the country has to overcome due to the mistakes of the past. There are a number of bilateral agreements which stipulate measures aimed at attracting new labor forces to maintain stable population growth among young people in Germany. The view of Mr. Davutoglu on relations between the countries during the Ottoman Empire and after its collapse is presented in the study «Strategic depth». Alexander Nadezhdin, First Secretary of the Staff Department of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Candidate of Political Sciences, suggests one of the ways to solve the problem. In his opinion, it is sports activities that could contribute to the cultural dialogue between turks and ethnic Germans. Results. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that until both state institutions and Turkish migrants have the will and desire, and until the political leadership learns the lessons of the past, division and heterogeneity will continue to be in German society.

Key words: Turkish expatriate community, German immigration policy, integration, National Security Strategy of Germany 2023, Coalition Agreement 2021.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.017

LU ZHENRONG Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ELEMENTS OF CHINESE CULTURE IN CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY ON THE EXAMPLE OF CENTRAL ASIA

This article examines one of the approaches of the Chinese school of international relations based on the relationship between Chinese culture and China's modern foreign policy. The applied aspect is confirmed by the implementation of the Chinese course in the Central Asian region based on the analysis of documents published by the government and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Four important elements of Chinese culture (trend, interconnectedness, complementarity and mutability) defined by the famous scholar Qin Yaqing are presented. The article shows how to explain the essence of cultural elements and identify the cultural cause of China's external action. Much attention is paid to the study of the relationship between specific applications of official documents and cultural elements.

Key words: international relations, China's foreign policy, China's foreign policy in Central Asia, Chinese culture, Qin Yaqing, China-CA cooperation mechanism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.019

A.V. BOGDANOVA PhD student at the department of theory and history of international relations, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

E.V. ZHUKOVA Bachelor’s degree student in “Regional Studies”, Institute of Foreign Languages, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF HISTORICAL MYTH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEPARATIST TENDENCIES (BASED ON THE EXAMPLES OF CATALONIA AND KOSOVO)

This article examines the impact of historical myth and entrenched interpretations of historical events on the development of separatist tendencies in Spain and Serbia. The authors conclude that contemporary independence movements leverage historical events to establish justification for claims to sovereignty. Emphasis is placed on the fact that this leverage becomes deeply embedded in culture and society, as leaders of separatist movements frequently reference selective interpretations in their speeches. The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of historical myth on the development of separatist tendencies. The authors suggest that a historical background is a necessary condition for strengthening independence movements.

Key words: Serbia, Kosovo, Spain, Catalonia, historical myth, Battle of Kosovo Field.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.020

A.S. KARKIN Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPACT OF THE POLITICAL SITUATION ON THE TRAINING OF ATHLETES: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

The relationship between sport and politics becomes especially noticeable during periods of boycotts, sanctions and doping scandals. Becoming hostages of political decisions, athletes face many obstacles, which underlines the importance of studying the impact of politics on sports and career development.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of the political situation on the training of athletes, including both historical examples and modern events.

The following methods were used in the study: a historical and analytical method to analyze the influence of political factors on sports in the past, based on scientific work; content analysis of the media to study modern political trends affecting the training of athletes; comparative analysis, which made it possible to compare political events and their impact on sports in different historical periods.

The author examines in detail the boycotts of the 1980 and 1984 Olympic Games, the problems associated with doping, as well as modern sanctions imposed on Russian athletes. Special attention is paid to recent events such as the 2024 Olympics and Paralympics in Paris, as well as the migration of athletes seeking to find more favorable conditions to continue their careers.

The paper emphasizes that the political situation creates new challenges for the sports sector, complicating the participation of athletes in international competitions and affecting their motivation and professional development.

In conclusion, the article notes that sports organizations and athletes themselves should continue to look for ways to overcome political barriers in an effort to ensure justice and equality in sports. Despite political obstacles, sport remains an important element of cultural and social life, contributing to international cooperation and personal growth.

Key words: politics, athletes, training, doping, international sanctions, boycott.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.021

YUAN CHENZHAO Master's degree, University of Melbourne, China

QIAN CHEN PhD in economics, Haina HIC Research Center, Yangze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China

FROM THE SOVIET MODEL TO CHINESE SPECIFICITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PATHS OF MODERNIZATION OF RULING PARTIES IN SOCIALIST STATES

From the Soviet model to Chinese specificity: a comparative study of the modernization paths of ruling parties in socialist states represents an important aspect of analyzing the evolution of socialist governance systems and their adaptation to new realities. The Soviet Union, being the pioneer of the socialist model, developed a structure for the ruling party that was integrated into all spheres of state governance. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) played a central role in the political life of the country, controlling economic, social, and cultural aspects through a centralized, hierarchical system of party organs. Modernization in the Soviet Union was carried out through plans developed and implemented by the state, without significant changes in the political system, which eventually led to a crisis in the 1980s and the subsequent collapse of the state. China, in turn, studied the experience of the Soviet Union and applied it, taking into account national characteristics, creating a model known as "socialism with Chinese characteristics." After the reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978, the Communist Party of China (CPC) focused on economic modernization while maintaining control over the political system. Unlike the Soviet Union, where political reforms stalled, China actively began introducing market elements into the economy, which allowed it to achieve high economic growth while preserving the one-party system. The CPC was able to flexibly adapt to challenges, maintaining power through regular internal reforms, cadre rotation, and the improvement of its governance system.

Key words: modernization, ruling parties, socialist states, CPSU, CPC, ideology, intra-party democracy, anti-corruption, economy, social mobilization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.022

R.D. GREBNEV PhD of Law, Senior Researcher, Deputy Dean for International Affairs, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

LATIN AMERICAN REGIONALISM ON THE WAY TOWARDS DECENTRALIZATION OF GLOBAL REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The article presents the results of the study of the idea of Latin American regionalism, which is first found in the political and legal doctrine of Simon Bolivar, and the features of its implementation are dependent on globalization political processes throughout history, up to the current polarization of the system of international relations.

As a result of the study, four stages of development of the idea of Latin American regionalism were distinguished, which correspond to four stages of the evolution of international organizations and associations of a regional integrated nature. The revealed stages of the historical development of Latin American regionalism are characterized by a consistent change in ideological concepts, starting with integration anti-colonialism, the perception of Marxism-Leninism, and then – neoliberalism, which can be replaced by the ideology of justice, equality and order, that can characterize the concept of multipolarity.

An analysis of the development of integration institutions in Latin America demonstrates the continuity of subregional integration processes on the principles of the adjacency of public interests of groups of South American states. The change in the foreign policy paradigm of individual Latin American countries is the reason for the destabilization of the regional system of international relations. At the same time, the development of international organizations and associations in Latin America demonstrates the relative stability of the subregional political climate, and the intersection of the composition of participants in these entities allows us to predict the gradual harmonization of existing approaches to the organization of a full-fledged regional system for regulating international relations in the future.

The differentiation of approaches to the regionalization of political processes in Latin America at the present stage is a prerequisite for the region perceiving the principle of decentralization of global regulation of international relations, a characteristic concept of a fair multipolar world order. Based on the results of the study using the global forecasting methodology, it is possible to assume that the formation of a regional system of regulation of international relations in Latin America, comparable to the pole of a multipolar world, is possible subject to the sovereign development of South American countries (excluding external regulation), as well as the reversal of US foreign policy in the side of multipolarity due to the consolidation of the countries of the Global South or the World Majority.

Key words: Latin American regionalism, decentralization of global regulation of international relations, global governance, multipolarity, globalization of political processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.023

A.G. GRISHANOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Leading Researcher, Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian

DEMOGRAPHIC SECURITY, DEMOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL AND MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE EAEU (CONCEPTUAL APPARATUS – SOCIO-POLITICAL AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS)

The relevance of studying the demographic development of Russia today is generally recognized. The article raises the topic of demographic security in the Russian Federation, emphasizing the need to consider this concept within the framework of the country’s national security, as well as within the framework of migration ties and demographic development in the EAEU countries. The processes of globalization and regionalization are two particularly popular categories when characterizing interstate migration processes, which are the most sensitive barometer of the endless transformations taking place in the world in socio-economic and socio-political life. It is of interest to retrospectively consider the experience of Russia’s participation in such an integration association as the CMEA in order to take into account past successes and mistakes in modern integration relations within the EAEU. Four stages from 1949 to 1991 are examined and comparisons are made with the development of relations between the Russian Federation and the EAEU today. It is concluded that, taking into account the experience of past years, a program is needed to ensure the demographic security of the Eurasian Economic Council, which will be based on integration processes that affect the demographic security of both the union and each state individually.

Key words: Russia, demographic security, migration connections, EAEU countries, Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.024

JIANG DAN Docent, Heihe University, China

A STUDY OF THE ORDERING AND TRANSLATION OF ARCHIVAL MATERIALS OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION LINES IN NORTHEAST CHINA DURING THE WAR OF RESISTANCE TO JAPANESE AGGRESSION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF CHINESE AND RUSSIAN ARCHIVES

During the hostilities between Japan and China that began in 1937, international communication lines in the Northeast provided a key route for contacts between the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Comintern and the Soviet Union, as well as for the transportation of military documents in extremely difficult conditions. In the article, based on a study of Chinese and Russian archives, the author collected and translated archival materials about the Northeastern International Transport Route during this period. Based on the conducted research, its key historical prerequisites, the process of creation, the mechanism of work and further influence on the Chinese revolution, as well as the military conflict between Japan and China, were revealed. Thanks to an in-depth study of archival materials from China and Russia, this article not only enriches the study of the history of the Northeast military operations, but also opens up new perspectives for studying the history and modern international relations of the CPC.

Key words: archival documents, northeastern international communication lines, military conflict, military operations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.025

E.R. OSCHEPKOV Researcher in Asia Studies and International Relations, Faculty of World Economics and World Politics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

STRATEGIC DIALOG BETWEEN JAPAN AND ASEAN: ORIGINS, EVOLUTION, PERSPECTIVES

This article analyzes the origins, dynamics, and prospects of strategic relations between Japan and Southeast Asian states. Initially, ASEAN countries perceived Japan exclusively as a threat due to the traumatic experience of World War II, but since the 1970s (after the Japanese government promulgated the so-called “Fukuda Doctrine”) the situation began to change gradually. By the end of the 20th century, the two sides had established strong economic ties, on the basis of which political, technical, military, and strategic dialogues subsequently began to take shape. As of the first half of the 2020s, Japan and ASEAN members share a set of structures that focus on global and regional security issues, from food to nuclear and digital. A critical indicator of the transformation of Japan-ASEAN relations is the transcripts of annual summits. The changes in strategic discourse are confirmed by both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Between 2019 (the last year before international turbulence in the form of the COVID-19 pandemic and the declaration of a Special Military Operation) and 2024, representatives of Japan and Southeast Asian countries met 6 times. At first, the issue of strategic stability was touched upon just occasionally. Concerns about threats were expressed only through calls for disarmament, respect for international law, and implementation of UN Security Council resolutions. Subsequently, the understanding of various aspects of security has changed radically – both Japan and ASEAN members began to emphasize food security (the consequences of the “grain deal”), energy security (the results of the “anti-Russian embargo”), and digital security (the results of the “hacker wars” of Western and non-Western countries). All this indicates that: 1) Southeast Asian states tend to occupy a more prominent place in Japan's view of regional and international security architecture; 2) Japan-ASEAN strategic ties are characterized by systematic progress, which is reflected in regulations and public documents.

Key words: Japan, ASEAN, Southeast Asia, strategic dialog, global security, regional security, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.026

PHAM HOANG ANH Assistant Director of the RCSC in Hanoi for external relations, postgraduate student of the Faculty of Social and Humanitarian Sciences, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Hanoi, Vietnam

DO THI VAN PHUONG Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Administration and National Security, Faculty of National Security, Institute of Law and National Security, RANEPA, Vietnam

PHAN THI NHUAN Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba; Vinh University, Vietnam

VIETNAM – ASEAN: POLITICAL LESSONS FROM HISTORY

The article analyzes Vietnam’s relations with ASEAN from the point of view of compliance with one of the leading principles of international law: mutual benefit of cooperative relations and considers whether membership in ASEAN is mutually beneficial for both actors.

Key words: foreign policy, Vietnam, ASEAN, integration, Communist Party of Vietnam.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.027

D.V. FATKHULLINA Candidate of the degree of candidate of political sciences, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

EDUCATIONAL POLICY AS AN AREA OF WORK OF THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE "SOFT POWER" POLICY

The main task of the concept of “soft power” in international politics is to attract citizens and institutional organizations of other countries to their side, to achieve support for their own agenda, the attractiveness of the political course and the effectiveness of institutions. Unlike hard power (military, economic), soft power operates at the level of ideologies, values, cultural exchanges and diplomatic relations. It is aimed at forming a positive image of the state, increasing its influence through the dissemination of cultural and social values, creating an attractive brand of the country, promoting its culture and language, as well as through participation in international organizations and maintaining an open dialogue. “Soft power” contributes to strengthening international cooperation and reducing conflict, creating a basis for long-term trust and understanding between peoples.

Key words: Saudi Arabia, soft power, Persian Gulf, education.

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.028

N.P. MEDVEDEV Editor-in-Chief of the journal “Political Science Issues”, Deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the second convocation, Moscow, Russia

D.E. SLIZOVSKIY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

ELECTORAL-POLITICAL COMPETITION: ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (PART ONE)

In the article, from the point of view of the exhaustion of the traditional heuristic potential of political knowledge noticed by researchers, the universality of global and local processes, the prospects of competition of various development models, based on publications in leading Russian journals, an attempt is made to analyze the scientific research of political scientists related to the development of the Russian party system and its impact on the legitimization of political power in the Russian Federation through free and competitive elections. In connection with the 30th anniversary of the Constitution of modern Russia, the focus is on a retrospective analysis of the degree of democratization of society and the impact of electoral technologies on election results. The problem of the democratization of intra-party life and the preparation of new political leaders in different periods of political life in the context of the transformation of proportional and mixed electoral systems is investigated. The authors of the article argue with some researchers of these problems about the relationship between the concepts of "party-electoral aggregation" and "political competition". In terms of further scientific discussion, the question is raised as to how the modern party system of Russia and the established electoral system comply with the constitutional norms on free, alternative and competitive elections, ensure political diversity, the development of multiparty system and contribute to the further development of Russian statehood and the stability of the political system of society. Such questions apparently arise also because the political process in modern Russia is dynamic and clearly transformational in nature.

Key words: the political system of Russia, political stability, state efficiency, centralization of the system of state power, party-electoral aggregation, political competition, political diversity, multiparty system, electoral system, digitalization of the electoral process, political manipulation.

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