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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 14. Issue 10 (115), 2024

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY. ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Kurbanov N.I., Varakin M.M. “The Russian Posture” and the International Situation in East Asia in the 1930s: A. Denikin's View
• Plekhanov A.A. «The Royal Eye Sees Far Away» (The Secret Office of Peter the Great)
• Bubovich S.S. Personnel Training in the Ulyanovsk Region in the Post-War Years
• Vdovin S.S. Some Aspects of the Interethnic Relations in Khwarazm in the Late 18th – the Middle of the 19th Century
• Ivlev D.M. Reconstruction of the Vyshnevolotsky Watershed in the Period 1784-1792 in the Documents of the State Archive of the Tver Region
• Lichak N.A., Rudenko L.D., Krivova A.L. Historical Stages of the Development of the National System of Local Self-Government in the Soviet Period
• Liu Zhen. Problems and Prospects of Cooperation Between the USSR and China in the Field of Economics and Trade

THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS

• Legostaev I.A. Discourse Analysis in Political Science: Methodological Opportunities and Limitations
• Protsenko A.V., Bervino E.G. The Protective Function of Moderate Conservatism in the Context of Geopolitical Transformations
• Prianichnikov N.O. Development of the Concept of Mythomoteur in Ethnosymbolist Theories of Nation and Nationalism

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, POLITICAL PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Balynskaya N.R., Dzyuban V.V., Murtazin R.A. Institutionalization of the Basis for the Formation and Implementation of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation
• Abramov I.O. Comparative Analysis of Lobbying Models in Central Asian Countries

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

• Letiaev V.A., Кarpovich O.G., Ignatova K.E. Soverenization of State National Policy in the Context of Russian Participation in the Council of Europe
• Vasyushkin A.V. Theoretical Aspects of Indicative Management of Socio-Economic Processes
• Letiaev V.A., Zakaurtseva T.A., Nogmova A.S., Ignatova K.E. A Multi-Level Model of Management Decisions in the Republic of Tatarstan on Countering Risks and Threats in the Field of Interethnic Relations
• Baranov O.A., Aleksanyan L.V., Bolieva A.A., Tsallaeva Z.V. Main Characteristics and Psychological Characteristics of Persons Who Fell under the Influence of the Ideology of "Columbine" ("School Shooting"). Algorithm of Work to Identify the Facts of the Spread of School Shooting in Educational Organizations

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• Shangaraev R.N., Goncharov S.V. Features of the Formation of the Turkish Expatriate Community in Germany
• Lu Zhenrong. Elements of Chinese Culture in Chinese Foreign Policy on the Example of Central Asia
• Bogdanova A.V., Zhukova E.V. The Influence of Historical Myth on the Development of Separatist Tendencies (Based on the Examples of Catalonia and Kosovo)
• Karkin A.S. The Impact of the Political Situation on the Training of Athletes: History and Modernity
• Yuan Chenzhao, Qian Chen. From the Soviet Model to Chinese Specificity: a Comparative Study of the Paths of Modernization of Ruling Parties in Socialist States
• Grebnev R.D. Latin American Regionalism on the Way Towards Decentralization of Global Regulation of International Relations
• Grishanova A.G. Demographic Security, Demographic Potential and Migration Processes in the Russian Federation and the EAEU (Conceptual Apparatus – Socio-Political and Theoretical Aspects)
• Jiang Dan. A Study of the Ordering and Translation of Archival Materials of International Communication Lines in Northeast China During the War of Resistance to Japanese Aggression from the Point of View of Chinese and Russian Archives
• Oschepkov E.R. Strategic Dialog Between Japan and ASEAN: Origins, Evolution, Perspectives
• Pham Hoang Anh, Do Thi Van Phuong, Phan Thi Nhuan. Vietnam – ASEAN: Political Lessons from History
• Fatkhullina D.V. Educational Policy as an Area of Work of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia within the Framework of the "Soft Power" Policy

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

• Medvedev N.P., Slizovskiy D.E. Electoral-Political Competition: Analytical Review of Scientific Publications (Part One)

DOMESTIC HISTORY. ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.001

N.I. KURBANOV Research Intern, Center for Spatial Analysis of International Relations, Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia

M.M. VARAKIN First-year student, Master's degree program "History", Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

“THE RUSSIAN POSTURE” AND THE INTERNATIONAL SITUATION IN EAST ASIA IN THE 1930S: A. DENIKIN'S VIEW

This article is devoted to the analysis of the rising international tensions in Northeast Asia in the 1920s and 1930s. It also analyzes the views of A.I. Denikin on Russia`s regional posture. These views on the balance of power in Northeast Asia in the 1930s are compared with the real regional trends of that time, and with the Japanese foreign policy doctrine and the imperial project in Northeast Asia. The position of Russia and Russians in the Far East is also considered in the context of increasing military and political tension.

Key words: Russia, Japan, Russian emigration, A. Denikin, foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.002

А.А. PLEKHANOV Candidate of Sciences (history), Senior Researcher at the Research Center of fundamental military-historical problems, Military University Prince Alexander Nevsky of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

«THE ROYAL EYE SEES FAR AWAY» (The Secret Office of Peter the Great)

The article examines the causes of the emergence of this body, the types of state crimes and the procedure for investigating them. The author substantiates the conclusion that the appearance of a special state security service in Russia was a natural stage in the formation of an absolute monarchy.

Key words: Secret Chancellery, Peter I, Preobrazhensky order, Tsarevich Alexei, P.A. Tolstoy, A.I. Ushakov.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.003

S.S. BUBOVICH PhD student, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

PERSONNEL TRAINING IN THE ULYANOVSK REGION IN THE POST-WAR YEARS

The article provides a research analysis of archival documents, the State Archive of the Modern History of the Ulyanovsk Region (GANI UO) and the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region (GAO), which were introduced for the first time into scientific circulation, the implementation of the party-state policy on personnel training for educational institutions in the early 1950s. The article examines the problem of staffing and staffing of schools in the Ulyanovsk region in the last years of the 1940s and provides statistical data on the number of teachers, their qualifications and distribution among various types of schools. The Ulyanovsk region, as an important region in the center of the country, faced acute problems of shortage of school premises, trained personnel and textbooks. Nevertheless, a program has begun to rebuild and build new schools, especially in rural areas where education has traditionally been less accessible. The leading educational authorities have been actively working to educate a new generation with an emphasis on labor traditions and patriotism.

Key words: teacher, school, personnel training, Ulyanovsk region, staffing of schools.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.004

S.S. VDOVIN Researcher, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia

SOME ASPECTS OF THE INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN KHWARAZM IN THE LATE 18TH – THE MIDDLE OF THE 19TH CENTURY

The present article focuses on the interethnic relations in Khwarazm in the late 18th – the middle of the 19th century based on foreign visitors to the oasis, Chagatai and Persian chronicles and other materials. The sources show that communications between ethnic communities in Khwarazm were multifaceted and not always peaceful, manifesting themselves in the socio-economic and cultural-political spheres of life of the local society and affecting the ways of management and worldview of certain peoples and tribes.

Key words: Khwarazm, Khanate of Khiva, Qongrats, interethnic relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.005

D.M. IVLEV PhD student, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY WATERSHED IN THE PERIOD 1784-1792 IN THE DOCUMENTS OF THE STATE ARCHIVE OF THE TVER REGION

Introduction: at the end of the XVIII century. The Vyshnevolotsk water system occupied a special place in the economy of the Russian Empire. Up to eighty percent of vital cargo from central Russia was delivered via the Vyshnevolotsky Waterway. Caravans of ships with bread, iron, and ship timber were coming to the capital. When passing the Vyshnevolotsky watershed section of the water system, problems often arose caused by a small amount of water. Problems in the movement of caravans and the dilapidation of the main hydraulic engineering facilities of the system affected the life of the imperial capital. Therefore, solving these problems has become a priority task of the Department of Water Communications. A large-scale reconstruction of the waterway infrastructure, which included the construction of new locks and dams, the creation of canals and additional reservoirs, was supposed to solve this problem. In the scientific literature, the process of reconstruction of one of the most important sections of the Vyshnevolotsk water system is covered only in general terms, without specifying specific information that allows you to trace the progress and results of the work. Therefore, it is of special scientific interest.

Purpose: a detailed description of the process of reconstruction of the Vyshnevolotsky watershed in the last quarter of the XVIII century, the establishment of the names of engineers, contractors and direct performers.

Tasks: identification of new sources of information on the reconstruction of the Vyshnevolotsky watershed in the funds of the Tver State Archive and analysis of new sources of information on the reconstruction of the Vyshnevolotsky watershed.

Methods: analysis of well-known works related to the reconstruction of the Vyshnevolotsk water system, collection and generalization of archival materials related to work on water system facilities and assessment of information obtained during the study.

Result: the most complete picture of the progress of the construction of the Tveretsky and Tsninsky locks, the Factory bayshlot, and the Rudnevsky Canal has been established.

Conclusion: based on the studied materials, new start dates are introduced into scientific circulation – 1784 and the completion of the construction of the Tveretsky lock – 1787, work on the reconstruction of hydraulic engineering facilities at the Vyshnevolotsky watershed dates back to 1784-1792, among the names of direct persons involved in the work, the Enik lock master was named for the first time, as well as the names of contractors and performers of the work from Kargopolsky district, Vyshny Volochok and surrounding villages.

Key words: waterway, reservoir, Vyshnevolotskaya water system, Catherine II, hydraulic structures, gateway.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.006

N.A. LICHAK Doctor of cultural studies, Associate professor Professor of the Department of Modern Axiological Problems and Religious Thought, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia; Head of the Department of Humanities, Yaroslavl State Technical University, Yaroslavl, Russia

L.D. RUDENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Associate Professor of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia; Associate Professor of the Department of Humanities, Yaroslavl State Technical University, Yaroslavl, Russia

A.L. KRIVOVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

HISTORICAL STAGES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL SYSTEM OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE SOVIET PERIOD

The article examines the principles of interaction between state and local authorities in different periods in the Soviet state. Analyzing the evolutionary foundations of local self-government in the country and highlighting the foundations laid in the management of Soviet society, it should be noted that coordinating the development of the state on the basis of socialistic principles is the most important condition for maintaining the stability of the Soviet political regime. In the course of analyzing the provisions of the paradise of Soviet classics and domestic researchers, methods of historical and philosophical analysis, comparative analysis, and an interdisciplinary approach were applied. It was noted that the process of relying on local authorities intensified during stable periods of development of Soviet society and slowed down under the threat and challenges of wartime. The basic conclusion of the study is that in Soviet society, under conditions of totalitarian limited government, its own model of local self-government was formed. At the same time, the ideological, administrative and economic barriers that stood in the way of the development of local self-government gradually decreased, stimulating the participation of citizens in public political and economic management. The interaction scheme was characterized by a number of features, which further contributed to its transformation.

Key words: local self-government, state power, historical stages, USSR.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.007

LIU ZHEN Postgraduate student Department of Russian History history and philology institute, State University of Education, Mytishchi, Russia

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE USSR AND CHINA IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMICS AND TRADE

The article discusses issues related to the problems and prospects of cooperation between the USSR and China in the field of economics and trade. The history of the formation of relations between the USSR and China, which has undergone a long evolution in its development, is studied. The period of fragmentation of relations between the allied countries is considered. The main factors of improving trade and economic relations in this period of time have been studied. The analysis of the indicators of the development of trade between the USSR and China in 1988-1991 was carried out, which revealed positive dynamics and possible further prospects for trade and economic cooperation. Today, China and Russia are important strategic partners and have close relations. Good-neighborly relations are a top priority for both countries, as they consider politics, economics and cultural exchange important for promoting mutually beneficial relations between neighboring countries. The development of the economy and trade remains one of the main priorities of doing business in the international arena.

Purpose: to study the problems and prospects of cooperation between the USSR and China in the field of economics and trade, to identify the main features and features.

Methods: the method of analysis, comparison, logical reasoning.

Results: The problems and prospects of cooperation between the USSR and China in the field of economics and trade are studied. The main features and features are revealed.

Conclusions: The development of trade and economic relations between the USSR and China has gone through a long stage of evolution, which was accompanied by ups and downs. However, this stage of development allowed us to achieve positive results, which were the expansion of trade relations and the strengthening of mutually beneficial cooperation, the expansion of trade turnover, an increase in exports and imports on the international market, increased financial stability, business activity, as well as economic security. The obtained results determined the prospects for further cooperation and development of trade and economic activities.

Key words: problems, USSR, China, economy, trade, development, communications.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.008

I.A. LEGOSTAEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE: METHODOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS

This article examines the role and place of discourse analysis within the methodological toolkit of modern political science. By systematizing theoretical approaches and analyzing the practical application of the method, the key opportunities and limitations of discourse analysis in the study of political processes and phenomena are identified. Special attention is given to critical discourse analysis as an interdisciplinary methodology that allows for the integration of qualitative and quantitative approaches in political research. The author analyzes both international and domestic experiences in the use of discourse analysis in political science, identifying key trends and issues in its application. Suggestions are made for enhancing the effectiveness of the method in political research. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the comprehensive examination of the methodological potential of discourse analysis for the development of political science and the formulation of recommendations for its integration into research practices.

Key words: discourse analysis, political science, methodology of political research, critical discourse analysis, qualitative methods, quantitative methods, political discourse.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.009

A.V. PROTSENKO Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Public Administration Lugansk State University named after V. Dahl, Lugansk, Russia

E.G. BERVINO PhD student Lugansk State University named after V. Dahl, Lugansk, Russia

THE PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF MODERATE CONSERVATISM IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

As the most constructive form of the modern ideology of conservatism in relation to the adaptation of the political system and, in general, the development of Russian statehood, the concept of moderate conservatism is considered, the essential and functional core of which is its protective protective basis. The peculiarities of understanding moderate conservatism in the concepts of Western and domestic authors are analyzed, the criteria for distinguishing between moderate and pure types of conservatism of the protective are comprehended. The main functional vectors of the practical application of the protective potential and the directions of the concept are formulated.

Key words: doctrine, conservatism, moderate conservatism, protective functions, ideology, evolution, transformation, traditional values, sovereignty, identity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.010

N.O. PRIANICHNIKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Philosophy Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF MYTHOMOTEUR IN ETHNOSYMBOLIST THEORIES OF NATION AND NATIONALISM

The article examines the development of the concept of mythomoteur in the works of two main representatives of the ethnosymbolist approach in the studies of nation and nationalism – John Armstrong and Anthony Smith. This concept occupies an important place in the ethnosymbolist approach. However, in modern domestic and foreign scientific literature on the topic of ethnosymbolism, the concept of mythomoteur is either not considered at all, or is described very briefly as an auxiliary element.

The aim of the study is to build a holistic picture of this development, which will show how the concept of mythomoteur in Smith's 1986 work has changed compared to Armstrong's 1982 work. To achieve this goal, the the following research tasks are performed in the article: a consistent analysis of John Armstrong's work "Nations before Nationalism" and Anthony Smith's work "The Ethnic Origins of Nations", a comparison of the authors' approaches to the concept of mythomoteur, as well as a search and analysis of other scientific literature on the topic of the article. The main research methods are comparative analysis, content analysis and logical analysis of the above-mentioned works.

The result of the study is a detailed comparison of the concept of mythomoteur in the works of Armstrong and Smith, building a holistic picture of the development of this concept in their works. It is concluded that Armstrong was the first to make mythomoteur part of the ethnosymbolist approach, gave it its modern definition, carried out its primary theoretical development and applied it to the analysis of historical material. In Smith's later work, the concept of the mythomoteur was seriously developed, primarily in theoretical terms – he created a typology of mythomoteurs, and described each of these types in detail. The works of Armstrong and Smith formed the understanding of the mythomoteur, which is still used today in studies of nation and nationalism.

Key words: mythomoteur, ethnosymbolism, John Armstrong, Anthony Smith, myth, nation, polity.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, POLITICAL PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.011

N.R. BALYNSKAYA Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Vice-Rector State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "South Ural State Institute of Arts named after P.I. Tchaikovsky", Chelyabinsk, Russia

V.V. DZYUBAN Doctor of Historical Sciences, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the Department of "History and Philosophy" Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Plekhanov Russian University of Economics", Moscow, Russia

R.A. MURTAZIN Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of MSU Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosova", Magnitogorsk, Russia

INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE BASIS FOR THE FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE NATIONAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The relevance of studying the institutional basis for the formation and implementation of the state national policy of the Russian Federation in modern conditions is beyond doubt. The multinational composition of the country, characterized by a complex interweaving of ethnic, religious and cultural identities, in itself determines the need for a deep analysis of the mechanisms that ensure the harmonious coexistence of various population groups and the prevention of interethnic conflicts, which is revealed by the authors of the study.

Key words: state national policy, migration, national minorities, ethnic conflicts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.011

I.O. ABRAMOV Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LOBBYING MODELS IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES

Lobbying is currently one of the most important ways of communication between interest groups and authorities in each country. In addition, today this institution is becoming an important mechanism for the foreign policy of states, allowing them to pursue their own interests abroad through business. In this regard, it becomes relevant to study the models of lobbying in Central Asian countries as a very important area of activity of the Russian state and business.

The purpose of this work is to identify the key characteristics inherent in the lobbying model of the Central Asian countries. Accordingly, based on this goal, the following tasks will be solved: determining the general and private for lobbying in Central Asian countries, researching legislation regulating contacts between authorities and interest groups, determining the specifics of interaction between interest groups and authorities in these countries, as well as the main access channels for interaction with authorities. The main research methods are cross-national comparative analysis, as well as document analysis.

As a result of the study, it was determined that the lobbying model of Central Asia is transitional from managed to pluralistic, therefore it is characterized by a high role of informal institutions. Bureaucracy and executive authorities can be considered the main channel of communication between interest groups and decision makers, as they are highly significant in local political systems. Public opinion, legislative authorities and parties have less influence, therefore they are not so important for lobbyists. Legislative regulation of lobbying, including foreign lobbying, is rather poorly developed, most of the bills address this problem only indirectly.

Key words: lobbying, interest groups, politics, governance, Central Asia.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.012

V.A. LETIAEV DSc. (Law), CandSc. (Hist.). Professor, Professor of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

О.G. КARPOVICH DSc. (Law). DSc. (Polit) Vice-Rector for Scientific Affairs of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

K.E. IGNATOVA CandSc. (Law). Associate Professor, Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia

SOVERENIZATION OF STATE NATIONAL POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIAN PARTICIPATION IN THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE

The article examines issues related to the strategy of national policy as a message of the state, in the aspect of the emergence of the actualization of “feedback” of the state with society. The goals of the article are to characterize the process of sovereignization of state national policy by changing its properties, under the influence of internal and external challenges in the conditions of its sovereignization, which complements the existing scientific ideas about ensuring the effectiveness of state national policy. Applied: system analysis method, historical and comparative legal methods. The results of the study complement the scientific knowledge about state national policy in the context of its sovereignization.

Key words: Russia, national politics, state, sovereignty, ethnopolitics, Council of Europe, European Court.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.013

A.V. VASYUSHKIN PhD student, Institute of Public Service and Management RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF INDICATIVE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROCESSES

In the context of global transformations in economic paradigms, traditional approaches to managing economic growth are becoming inadequate, necessitating innovative regulation methods. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to adapt the principles of indicative management from the microeconomic level to the macroeconomic level, taking into account the complexity and multifaceted nature of national and global economic systems. The aim of the work is to develop a universal algorithm for indicative management of macroeconomic processes through the detailing of its fundamental principles. To achieve this goal, the identification and analysis of specific characteristics of indicative management at the macro level were conducted, as well as a comparative analysis of national models of indicative management implementation in countries such as France, Japan, China, and Germany. The methodological foundation of the research is based on a systems approach and comparative analysis. The result of the work is the formation of a theoretical and methodological foundation for the effective application of indicative management in macroeconomic regulation, which includes four key functions: information-coordinating, information-orienting, guiding, and goal-setting. In addition, principles of objectivity, systematics, continuous development, and others have been developed to ensure the systematic and adaptive nature of management decisions at the state level. The conclusions of the work emphasize the significance of indicative management as a dynamic and flexible mechanism capable of ensuring sustainable and progressive development of the national economy in the long term.

Key words: indicative management, macroeconomics, strategic planning, economic regulation, socio-economic processes, systems approach, national economy, sustainable development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.014

V.A. LETIAEV DSc. (Law), CandSc. (Hist.). Professor, Professor of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

T.A. ZAKAURTSEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor at the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

A.S. NOGMOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Training of Highly Qualified Personnel of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

K.E. IGNATOVA CandSc. (Law). Associate Professor, Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia

A MULTI-LEVEL MODEL OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN ON COUNTERING RISKS AND THREATS IN THE FIELD OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS

The article considers local risks and threats in the field of interethnic relations in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. The purpose of the article is to characterize the process of resolving emerging problems in the field of ethno-confessional relations using the positive practice of one of the regions of Russia (on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan), as well as to identify local positive practice aimed at effectively ensuring state national policy. Applied: the method of system analysis, historical and comparative legal methods. The results of the study complement scientific knowledge about the risks and threats in the field of interethnic relations.

Key words: multiethnic state, interethnic relations, state power, national policy, public administration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.015

O.A. BARANOV Head of the Office of the Anti-Terrorist Commission in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (ATC in the RSO-Alania), Vladikavkaz, Russia

L.V. ALEKSANYAN Acting Head of the Center for Psychological Support for Education at the North Ossetian Pedagogical College, Vladikavkaz, Russia

A.A. BOLIEVA Chief Specialist of the Department for Ensuring Security of Educational Institutions of the State Budgetary Institution "Center for Support of the Activities of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania", Vladikavkaz, Russia

Z.V. TSALLAEVA Educational psychologist, Center for the Prevention of Deviant Behavior of Children and Youth, GBPOU "North Ossetian Pedagogical College", Vladikavkaz, Russia

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS WHO FELL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE IDEOLOGY OF "COLUMBINE" ("SCHOOL SHOOTING"). ALGORITHM OF WORK TO IDENTIFY THE FACTS OF THE SPREAD OF SCHOOL SHOOTING IN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

This article discusses the main characteristics and psychological characteristics of people who have fallen under the influence of the ideology of "columbine" (schoolshooting). Behavioral markers aimed at early identification of potential columbineers for effective implementation of preventive measures are also presented. The article shows an algorithm for identifying the facts of the spread of schoolshooting in educational institutions of North Ossetia-Alania.

Key words: Columbine, school shooting, subcultural movements, behavioral markers, online communities, threat, bullying.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.016

R.N. SHANGARAEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor, professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

S.V. GONCHAROV Undergraduate student of the Faculty of International Relations of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE TURKISH EXPATRIATE COMMUNITY IN GERMANY

The purpose of the research. The article is devoted to the features of the formation of the Turkish expatriate community in Germany, the analysis of the Ottoman-Prussian, and then Turkish-German relations in the political, economic, military and cultural spheres. In addition, the aim of the article is to present an analysis of the German immigration policy during the Cold War and the modern policy, taking into account the new challenges that the country has to overcome due to the mistakes of the past. There are a number of bilateral agreements which stipulate measures aimed at attracting new labor forces to maintain stable population growth among young people in Germany. The view of Mr. Davutoglu on relations between the countries during the Ottoman Empire and after its collapse is presented in the study «Strategic depth». Alexander Nadezhdin, First Secretary of the Staff Department of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Candidate of Political Sciences, suggests one of the ways to solve the problem. In his opinion, it is sports activities that could contribute to the cultural dialogue between turks and ethnic Germans. Results. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that until both state institutions and Turkish migrants have the will and desire, and until the political leadership learns the lessons of the past, division and heterogeneity will continue to be in German society.

Key words: Turkish expatriate community, German immigration policy, integration, National Security Strategy of Germany 2023, Coalition Agreement 2021.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.017

LU ZHENRONG Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ELEMENTS OF CHINESE CULTURE IN CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY ON THE EXAMPLE OF CENTRAL ASIA

This article examines one of the approaches of the Chinese school of international relations based on the relationship between Chinese culture and China's modern foreign policy. The applied aspect is confirmed by the implementation of the Chinese course in the Central Asian region based on the analysis of documents published by the government and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Four important elements of Chinese culture (trend, interconnectedness, complementarity and mutability) defined by the famous scholar Qin Yaqing are presented. The article shows how to explain the essence of cultural elements and identify the cultural cause of China's external action. Much attention is paid to the study of the relationship between specific applications of official documents and cultural elements.

Key words: international relations, China's foreign policy, China's foreign policy in Central Asia, Chinese culture, Qin Yaqing, China-CA cooperation mechanism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.019

A.V. BOGDANOVA PhD student at the department of theory and history of international relations, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

E.V. ZHUKOVA Bachelor’s degree student in “Regional Studies”, Institute of Foreign Languages, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF HISTORICAL MYTH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEPARATIST TENDENCIES (BASED ON THE EXAMPLES OF CATALONIA AND KOSOVO)

This article examines the impact of historical myth and entrenched interpretations of historical events on the development of separatist tendencies in Spain and Serbia. The authors conclude that contemporary independence movements leverage historical events to establish justification for claims to sovereignty. Emphasis is placed on the fact that this leverage becomes deeply embedded in culture and society, as leaders of separatist movements frequently reference selective interpretations in their speeches. The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of historical myth on the development of separatist tendencies. The authors suggest that a historical background is a necessary condition for strengthening independence movements.

Key words: Serbia, Kosovo, Spain, Catalonia, historical myth, Battle of Kosovo Field.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.020

A.S. KARKIN Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPACT OF THE POLITICAL SITUATION ON THE TRAINING OF ATHLETES: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

The relationship between sport and politics becomes especially noticeable during periods of boycotts, sanctions and doping scandals. Becoming hostages of political decisions, athletes face many obstacles, which underlines the importance of studying the impact of politics on sports and career development.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of the political situation on the training of athletes, including both historical examples and modern events.

The following methods were used in the study: a historical and analytical method to analyze the influence of political factors on sports in the past, based on scientific work; content analysis of the media to study modern political trends affecting the training of athletes; comparative analysis, which made it possible to compare political events and their impact on sports in different historical periods.

The author examines in detail the boycotts of the 1980 and 1984 Olympic Games, the problems associated with doping, as well as modern sanctions imposed on Russian athletes. Special attention is paid to recent events such as the 2024 Olympics and Paralympics in Paris, as well as the migration of athletes seeking to find more favorable conditions to continue their careers.

The paper emphasizes that the political situation creates new challenges for the sports sector, complicating the participation of athletes in international competitions and affecting their motivation and professional development.

In conclusion, the article notes that sports organizations and athletes themselves should continue to look for ways to overcome political barriers in an effort to ensure justice and equality in sports. Despite political obstacles, sport remains an important element of cultural and social life, contributing to international cooperation and personal growth.

Key words: politics, athletes, training, doping, international sanctions, boycott.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.021

YUAN CHENZHAO Master's degree, University of Melbourne, China

QIAN CHEN PhD in economics, Haina HIC Research Center, Yangze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China

FROM THE SOVIET MODEL TO CHINESE SPECIFICITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PATHS OF MODERNIZATION OF RULING PARTIES IN SOCIALIST STATES

From the Soviet model to Chinese specificity: a comparative study of the modernization paths of ruling parties in socialist states represents an important aspect of analyzing the evolution of socialist governance systems and their adaptation to new realities. The Soviet Union, being the pioneer of the socialist model, developed a structure for the ruling party that was integrated into all spheres of state governance. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) played a central role in the political life of the country, controlling economic, social, and cultural aspects through a centralized, hierarchical system of party organs. Modernization in the Soviet Union was carried out through plans developed and implemented by the state, without significant changes in the political system, which eventually led to a crisis in the 1980s and the subsequent collapse of the state. China, in turn, studied the experience of the Soviet Union and applied it, taking into account national characteristics, creating a model known as "socialism with Chinese characteristics." After the reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978, the Communist Party of China (CPC) focused on economic modernization while maintaining control over the political system. Unlike the Soviet Union, where political reforms stalled, China actively began introducing market elements into the economy, which allowed it to achieve high economic growth while preserving the one-party system. The CPC was able to flexibly adapt to challenges, maintaining power through regular internal reforms, cadre rotation, and the improvement of its governance system.

Key words: modernization, ruling parties, socialist states, CPSU, CPC, ideology, intra-party democracy, anti-corruption, economy, social mobilization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.022

R.D. GREBNEV PhD of Law, Senior Researcher, Deputy Dean for International Affairs, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

LATIN AMERICAN REGIONALISM ON THE WAY TOWARDS DECENTRALIZATION OF GLOBAL REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The article presents the results of the study of the idea of Latin American regionalism, which is first found in the political and legal doctrine of Simon Bolivar, and the features of its implementation are dependent on globalization political processes throughout history, up to the current polarization of the system of international relations.

As a result of the study, four stages of development of the idea of Latin American regionalism were distinguished, which correspond to four stages of the evolution of international organizations and associations of a regional integrated nature. The revealed stages of the historical development of Latin American regionalism are characterized by a consistent change in ideological concepts, starting with integration anti-colonialism, the perception of Marxism-Leninism, and then – neoliberalism, which can be replaced by the ideology of justice, equality and order, that can characterize the concept of multipolarity.

An analysis of the development of integration institutions in Latin America demonstrates the continuity of subregional integration processes on the principles of the adjacency of public interests of groups of South American states. The change in the foreign policy paradigm of individual Latin American countries is the reason for the destabilization of the regional system of international relations. At the same time, the development of international organizations and associations in Latin America demonstrates the relative stability of the subregional political climate, and the intersection of the composition of participants in these entities allows us to predict the gradual harmonization of existing approaches to the organization of a full-fledged regional system for regulating international relations in the future.

The differentiation of approaches to the regionalization of political processes in Latin America at the present stage is a prerequisite for the region perceiving the principle of decentralization of global regulation of international relations, a characteristic concept of a fair multipolar world order. Based on the results of the study using the global forecasting methodology, it is possible to assume that the formation of a regional system of regulation of international relations in Latin America, comparable to the pole of a multipolar world, is possible subject to the sovereign development of South American countries (excluding external regulation), as well as the reversal of US foreign policy in the side of multipolarity due to the consolidation of the countries of the Global South or the World Majority.

Key words: Latin American regionalism, decentralization of global regulation of international relations, global governance, multipolarity, globalization of political processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.023

A.G. GRISHANOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Leading Researcher, Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian

DEMOGRAPHIC SECURITY, DEMOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL AND MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE EAEU (CONCEPTUAL APPARATUS – SOCIO-POLITICAL AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS)

The relevance of studying the demographic development of Russia today is generally recognized. The article raises the topic of demographic security in the Russian Federation, emphasizing the need to consider this concept within the framework of the country’s national security, as well as within the framework of migration ties and demographic development in the EAEU countries. The processes of globalization and regionalization are two particularly popular categories when characterizing interstate migration processes, which are the most sensitive barometer of the endless transformations taking place in the world in socio-economic and socio-political life. It is of interest to retrospectively consider the experience of Russia’s participation in such an integration association as the CMEA in order to take into account past successes and mistakes in modern integration relations within the EAEU. Four stages from 1949 to 1991 are examined and comparisons are made with the development of relations between the Russian Federation and the EAEU today. It is concluded that, taking into account the experience of past years, a program is needed to ensure the demographic security of the Eurasian Economic Council, which will be based on integration processes that affect the demographic security of both the union and each state individually.

Key words: Russia, demographic security, migration connections, EAEU countries, Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.024

JIANG DAN Docent, Heihe University, China

A STUDY OF THE ORDERING AND TRANSLATION OF ARCHIVAL MATERIALS OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION LINES IN NORTHEAST CHINA DURING THE WAR OF RESISTANCE TO JAPANESE AGGRESSION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF CHINESE AND RUSSIAN ARCHIVES

During the hostilities between Japan and China that began in 1937, international communication lines in the Northeast provided a key route for contacts between the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Comintern and the Soviet Union, as well as for the transportation of military documents in extremely difficult conditions. In the article, based on a study of Chinese and Russian archives, the author collected and translated archival materials about the Northeastern International Transport Route during this period. Based on the conducted research, its key historical prerequisites, the process of creation, the mechanism of work and further influence on the Chinese revolution, as well as the military conflict between Japan and China, were revealed. Thanks to an in-depth study of archival materials from China and Russia, this article not only enriches the study of the history of the Northeast military operations, but also opens up new perspectives for studying the history and modern international relations of the CPC.

Key words: archival documents, northeastern international communication lines, military conflict, military operations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.025

E.R. OSCHEPKOV Researcher in Asia Studies and International Relations, Faculty of World Economics and World Politics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

STRATEGIC DIALOG BETWEEN JAPAN AND ASEAN: ORIGINS, EVOLUTION, PERSPECTIVES

This article analyzes the origins, dynamics, and prospects of strategic relations between Japan and Southeast Asian states. Initially, ASEAN countries perceived Japan exclusively as a threat due to the traumatic experience of World War II, but since the 1970s (after the Japanese government promulgated the so-called “Fukuda Doctrine”) the situation began to change gradually. By the end of the 20th century, the two sides had established strong economic ties, on the basis of which political, technical, military, and strategic dialogues subsequently began to take shape. As of the first half of the 2020s, Japan and ASEAN members share a set of structures that focus on global and regional security issues, from food to nuclear and digital. A critical indicator of the transformation of Japan-ASEAN relations is the transcripts of annual summits. The changes in strategic discourse are confirmed by both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Between 2019 (the last year before international turbulence in the form of the COVID-19 pandemic and the declaration of a Special Military Operation) and 2024, representatives of Japan and Southeast Asian countries met 6 times. At first, the issue of strategic stability was touched upon just occasionally. Concerns about threats were expressed only through calls for disarmament, respect for international law, and implementation of UN Security Council resolutions. Subsequently, the understanding of various aspects of security has changed radically – both Japan and ASEAN members began to emphasize food security (the consequences of the “grain deal”), energy security (the results of the “anti-Russian embargo”), and digital security (the results of the “hacker wars” of Western and non-Western countries). All this indicates that: 1) Southeast Asian states tend to occupy a more prominent place in Japan's view of regional and international security architecture; 2) Japan-ASEAN strategic ties are characterized by systematic progress, which is reflected in regulations and public documents.

Key words: Japan, ASEAN, Southeast Asia, strategic dialog, global security, regional security, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.026

PHAM HOANG ANH Assistant Director of the RCSC in Hanoi for external relations, postgraduate student of the Faculty of Social and Humanitarian Sciences, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Hanoi, Vietnam

DO THI VAN PHUONG Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Administration and National Security, Faculty of National Security, Institute of Law and National Security, RANEPA, Vietnam

PHAN THI NHUAN Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba; Vinh University, Vietnam

VIETNAM – ASEAN: POLITICAL LESSONS FROM HISTORY

The article analyzes Vietnam’s relations with ASEAN from the point of view of compliance with one of the leading principles of international law: mutual benefit of cooperative relations and considers whether membership in ASEAN is mutually beneficial for both actors.

Key words: foreign policy, Vietnam, ASEAN, integration, Communist Party of Vietnam.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.027

D.V. FATKHULLINA Candidate of the degree of candidate of political sciences, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

EDUCATIONAL POLICY AS AN AREA OF WORK OF THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE "SOFT POWER" POLICY

The main task of the concept of “soft power” in international politics is to attract citizens and institutional organizations of other countries to their side, to achieve support for their own agenda, the attractiveness of the political course and the effectiveness of institutions. Unlike hard power (military, economic), soft power operates at the level of ideologies, values, cultural exchanges and diplomatic relations. It is aimed at forming a positive image of the state, increasing its influence through the dissemination of cultural and social values, creating an attractive brand of the country, promoting its culture and language, as well as through participation in international organizations and maintaining an open dialogue. “Soft power” contributes to strengthening international cooperation and reducing conflict, creating a basis for long-term trust and understanding between peoples.

Key words: Saudi Arabia, soft power, Persian Gulf, education.

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.115.10.028

N.P. MEDVEDEV Editor-in-Chief of the journal “Political Science Issues”, Deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the second convocation, Moscow, Russia

D.E. SLIZOVSKIY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

ELECTORAL-POLITICAL COMPETITION: ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (PART ONE)

In the article, from the point of view of the exhaustion of the traditional heuristic potential of political knowledge noticed by researchers, the universality of global and local processes, the prospects of competition of various development models, based on publications in leading Russian journals, an attempt is made to analyze the scientific research of political scientists related to the development of the Russian party system and its impact on the legitimization of political power in the Russian Federation through free and competitive elections. In connection with the 30th anniversary of the Constitution of modern Russia, the focus is on a retrospective analysis of the degree of democratization of society and the impact of electoral technologies on election results. The problem of the democratization of intra-party life and the preparation of new political leaders in different periods of political life in the context of the transformation of proportional and mixed electoral systems is investigated. The authors of the article argue with some researchers of these problems about the relationship between the concepts of "party-electoral aggregation" and "political competition". In terms of further scientific discussion, the question is raised as to how the modern party system of Russia and the established electoral system comply with the constitutional norms on free, alternative and competitive elections, ensure political diversity, the development of multiparty system and contribute to the further development of Russian statehood and the stability of the political system of society. Such questions apparently arise also because the political process in modern Russia is dynamic and clearly transformational in nature.

Key words: the political system of Russia, political stability, state efficiency, centralization of the system of state power, party-electoral aggregation, political competition, political diversity, multiparty system, electoral system, digitalization of the electoral process, political manipulation.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”.Volume 14. Issue 12 (117), 2024

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY, ETHNOGRAPHY

• Anuprienko I.A., Pokasov V.F., Malyavina G.I. The Restoration of the Platonic Academy in Careggi and the Rise of Neoplatonism in the 60s of the XV Century
• Kalinina E.V., Volodkova E.N. The Emergence of the Black Sea Cossacks Army and the Role of G.A. Potyomkin in Strengthening Social Ties Between the Cossacks and the North Caucasus Peoples
• Ganiev T.K. Training of Workers for MTS in the First Half of the 1950s. (Based on Materials from the Ulyanovsk Region)
• Dolgieva M.B., Tiboev I.A. Organizing Assistance to Families of Chechen-Ingushetian Military Personnel During the Great Patriotic War
• Zakomaldin M.M. Russian Students in Exile in the 20-30s of the 20th Century
• Kaplin N.A. The Leadership of the Ulyanovsk Regional Committee of the Communist Party in the Education of Rural Youth in the Period of «Thaw»
• Karapetyan E.A., Semenov A.A. Russian Culture and the Russian Language at the Turn of the XIX Century – XX Century: from the Old Cultural Patterns to the New Socio-Political Content
• Kun Weizhan. The Significance of Oral Histories and Family Archives for Mixed Chinese-Russian Families
• Orlov V.V., Tatochenko A.L. On Clarifying the Size of Demographic Losses of the Population of Russia as a Consequence of the Collapse and Liquidation of the USSR
• Popov D.A. Interaction of Subsystems of Public Authorities of the Russian Federation on the Example of the Republic of Crimea
• Tomina E.F. The Composition of the Orenburg Provincial Komsomol Organization in 1922-1929
• Chentsov A.S. Formation of the Bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Konigsberg (Kaliningrad) Region in 1946-1947
• Zhang Wei. Integration of the Beltand Road Initiative and the National Development Strategy Oo Uzbekistan
• Bokhan A.S. Humanitarian Aspects of Russia's Foreign Policy Towards Ukraine in 1991-2014

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

• Nikitin A.Yu. Network Approach to Describing Interaction of Political and Economic Actors

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Trunov I.L. Problems of Constitutional Legal Proceedings from Theory to Practice
• Kovrigin D.E. Policy of Interaction Between Government Structures and it Companies to Achieve Sovereignty of the Russian Segment of Cyberspace
• Krisyuk A.I. The Role of Modern Digital Platforms & Technologies in Shaping of the Political Discourse
• Sulaiman Sulaiman Ismail Mohammed. The Separation Wall and its Impact on the Future of the Palestinian State
• Makarova A.A. An Overview of Current Digital Media Technologies in the Domestic Policy of the Russian Federation

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

• Kovalchuk A.G., Tsybakov D.L. Transformation of Civic Participation Models in Regional Governance Processes: from Public Hearings to Interactive Forms of Interaction
• Vorobyev S.V. Planning Legislative and Law Enforcement Activities in Public Policy to Improve Safety and Well-Being Level
• Zheravov G.G. The Effects of Optimizing the Processes of Data Collection, Processing and Transmission on the Example of Higher Education in the Russian Federation
• Rogov Yu.A. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Information Wars of the Present and Future
• Romanova N.P. Strategies and Tactics of Interaction of Industry Associations with Government Agencies in the Process of State Regulation and Public Procurement of Pharmaceutical Products in Modern Russia

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

• Medvedev N.P. Polyethnopolitical Regions and Post-Soviet Conflicts
• Egorov S.S. The Policy of Ukraine, the Russian Federation and the European Union Regarding the Settlement of the Political Crisis in Southeastern Ukraine (2014-2022): Political and International Analysis
• Esin V.V. Allen De Benoist's Influence on European Civilization. The Rise of New Right Ideology in Europe
• Xue Jiaxin. Influence of Conflict Situations in the Middle East on the Policy of the PRC
• Tafik Diyar Fakher. The Role of Civil Society in Strengthening Good Governance and Political Stability in the Middle East
• Shudrik M.V. The Evolution of the Informational-Psychological Confrontation in the First Half of XX Century: USSR’s Experience
• Al-Khaledi Muhyaldin Mohammed. Political and Diplomatic Development of Yemen in Light of Regional and International Changes
• Wang Xin. New Opportunities for Russian-Chinese Relations within the Framework of the Belt and Road Initiative
• Gao Yue. The Integration of the Kazakh Nurly Zhol Program and the Chinese Belt and Road Concept: State and Prospects
• Leng Xiaotian. "Indo-Pacific Strategy": Security Issues Between China and India and Possible Paths for Regional Balance
• Oschepkov E.R. Japan's Strategic Dialogue with Pacific Island Nations: from Economic Partnership to Building a Collective Security System in Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia
• Pavliuchenko A.A. Digital Diplomacy of the United Arab Emirates and the State of Kuwait at the Present Stage

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY, ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.001

I.A. ANUPRIENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

V.F. POKASOV Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

G.I. MALYAVINA Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

THE RESTORATION OF THE PLATONIC ACADEMY IN CAREGGI AND THE RISE OF NEOPLATONISM IN THE 60S OF THE XV CENTURY

The article analyzes the restoration of the Florentine Platonic Academy, which played a significant role in popularizing humanism and its individual trends. The main sources of the study are philosophical works and treatises, works of contemporaries, as well as reference publications on the architecture of Florence in the 15th century. The relevance of the study reflected in its cultural and social focus: the article focuses on revealing the role of Cosimo Medici in the restoration of the academy, while the role of the academy reflected in its influence on the philosophers of Florence in the XV century. The practical significance of the study is due to the possibility of expanding the understanding of the essence of Florentine architecture and, at the same time, the philosophical heritage of antiquity that Florence inherited with the opening of the academy. Scientific novelty is expressed in a new look at Neoplatonism as an ideological basis for the activities of the Platonic Academy. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the social and cultural features of the restoration of the Florentine Platonic Academy. The methodological apparatus of the study included methods of historical science and cultural studies. As a result, the development trends of the Platonic Academy in the 1460s, the role of Cosimo Medici in its restoration and popularization of the ideas of Neoplatonism were determined.

Key words: Renaissance, Florence, Cosimo Medici, Plato's Academy, philosophy, humanism, Neoplatonism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.002

E.V. KALININA Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

E.N. VOLODKOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

THE EMERGENCE OF THE BLACK SEA COSSACKЫ ARMY AND THE ROLE OF G.A. POTYOMKIN IN STRENGTHENING SOCIAL TIES BETWEEN THE COSSACKS AND THE NORTH CAUCASUS PEOPLES

The article analyzes the features of the formation of the Black Sea Cossack group and the creation of stable ties between the Cossacks and the peoples of the North Caucasus. The main sources of the study are Cossack chronicles, legislative sources, works of historians – contemporaries of the described events, journalistic sources and sources of personal origin. They allow us to turn to the study of a particular issue related to the principles of the creation of the Black Sea Cossack army from the point of view of culture and social integration with Caucasian communities. The article emphasizes the importance of strengthening the ties of modern social and ethnocultural communities of the South of Russia with the help of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, a new look at the potestary tradition of the Black Sea Cossacks, its cultural elements that formed the basis for building ties with the peoples of the North Caucasus is formed. The authors also paid attention to the role of G.A. Potemkin in the development of social, cultural and military ties between the Cossacks and the peoples of the North Caucasus, which led to the creation of new forms of interaction, in particular, competitive games that strengthened family ties between the two cultures, and contributed to the formation of a tolerant attitude of the Caucasian peoples towards the Cossacks.

Key words: Cossacks, Black Sea, Cossack circle, troop structure, tradition, family, military competitions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.003

Т.K. GANIEV Applicant Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

TRAINING OF WORKERS FOR MTS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1950S. (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE ULYANOVSK REGION)

The article discusses the goals, objectives and main problems of training machine operators in the Ulyanovsk region in the 1950s using the example of the activities of mechanization schools and courses at Machine Tractor stations in (hereinafter MTS). Difficulties are noted with the qualitative and quantitative selection of future specialists of machine and tractor stations. Possible ways of solving the staffing problem are explained. Currently, in the socio-political environment of modern Russia, interest in the achievements of our country during the Soviet era has increased. In this regard, the factors contributing to the victory of our people in the Great Patriotic War are of particular interest. One of the factors that ensured the victory of our country over a strong and high-tech enemy was the steady work of the agricultural sector of the USSR. The key to the successful organization of socialist competition among rural workers was the propaganda work organized among rural workers during the war years. An important area of propaganda work was the organizational and propaganda support of the internal competition of rural units and collective farmers themselves.

Key words: agriculture, machine operator cadres, agricultural mechanization school, machine operator training courses, machine tractor stations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.004

M.B. DOLGIEVA Candidate of historical sciences, professor of the Department of Russian History of the Ingush State University, Magas, Russia

I.A. TIBOEV Senior lecturer of the Department of General History of the Ingush State University, Magas, Russia

ORGANIZING ASSISTANCE TO FAMILIES OF CHECHEN-INGUSHETIAN MILITARY PERSONNEL DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

The article covers the organization of assistance to the families of military personnel in Checheno-Ingushetia during the Great Patriotic War, emphasizing the importance of support provided by government agencies, public organizations and local residents. During the war, when a significant part of the working population was at the front, the families of front-line soldiers faced serious difficulties. The article examines the key measures taken to support these families, including financial support, the creation of special commissions and funds, as well as initiatives to collect food and resources. Examples of successful work to meet the needs of military families are given, as well as the gratitude expressed by soldiers to their home front. The study emphasizes the resilience and unity of the people in difficult times, as well as the relevance of the experience of mutual assistance in modern society.

Key words: Great Patriotic War, assistance to families of military personnel, Checheno-Ingushetia, social security, financial support, initiatives, public organizations, rear, soldiers, mutual assistance.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.005

M.M. ZAKOMALDIN Senior Lecturer, Department of Social, Humanitarian and Economic Disciplines, Ufa Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia

RUSSIAN STUDENTS IN EXILE IN THE 20-30S OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The younger generation of refugees formed an integral part of the post-revolutionary abroad. "Russian emigrant youth have had an unfortunate fate, and not through their fault. Her fate is tragic. To be cut off from the motherland is a great misfortune. This isolation cripples the human soul, deprives it of a normal source of nutrition Emigrant youth are doomed to live in a state of external rupture, unprecedented in its severity and size," N.A. Berdyaev was forced to admit.

Key words: emigration, post-revolutionary abroad, educational and educational activities, people's University, higher school, education, education of youth.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.006

N.A. KAPLIN Postgraduate student of the Department of History of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

THE LEADERSHIP OF THE ULYANOVSK REGIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY IN THE EDUCATION OF RURAL YOUTH IN THE PERIOD OF «THAW»

In this article, the main directions of the organization of cultural and educational work by the Ulyanovsk Regional Committee in 1954-64 are examined. An analysis is being made of the introduction of collective farmers into party organizations. The evaluation of the work of the Ulyanovsk regional committee on attraction in the party is given. And conclusions are drawn that the regional committee's actions have received positive results and significant achievements have been made in the social and cultural life of the region.

Key words: CPSU, Ulyanovsk region, regional committee, collective farm, party, MTS, education, culture, agriculture.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.007

E.A. KARAPETYAN Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Languages and Culture Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

A.A. SEMENOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Humanities Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN CULTURE AND THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AT THE TURN OF THE XIX CENTURY – XX CENTURY: FROM THE OLD CULTURAL PATTERNS TO THE NEW SOCIO-POLITICAL CONTENT

The article examines the problems of the formation of a new Russian culture in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The authors explore general civilizational and geopolitical factors, as well as the internal Russian causes of the processes that led to the emergence of a new Russian culture. They show that, taken together, these reasons have determined the direction of socio-cultural changes in Russian society. However, these processes acquire true dynamism and acceleration after the fundamental revolutionary changes that took place in February-October 1917. The authors consider these events to be the starting point for the construction of a new culture in the former Russian Empire. At the same time, the authors focus on the linguistic aspect of the existence of Russian culture of the period under review, since the language, of course, was a reflection of those fundamental socio-political and socio-cultural changes that occurred in Russian society at the turn of the century. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors, for the first time, having analyzed historical material, showed the relationship between the political, cultural and linguistic aspects of Russian public life that arose after the fundamental revolutionary changes in October 1917. The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between the processes of transformation of socio-political life, culture and language in Russia at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries.

Key words: socio-political transformations, Russian Empire, language, revolution, culture, education, masses, intelligentsia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.008

KUN WEIZHAN Postgraduate student of the Faculty of History Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ORAL HISTORIES AND FAMILY ARCHIVES FOR MIXED CHINESE-RUSSIAN FAMILIES

In this scientific work, the author briefly analyzes the features of the significance of oral histories and family archives for mixed Chinese-Russian families. To do this, the author briefly mentions the reasons for the widespread use of mixed marriages in certain territories of Russia, analyzes the relevance of the chosen research topic. Then the author examines in more detail a specific example – the history of 4 generations of a mixed Russian-Chinese family, studies specific historical milestones. In conclusion, the author notes that the designated topic remains interesting from a research point of view – first of all, for historians, sociologists, demographers and a number of other scientists, both in China and in modern Russia as a whole. The object of the study is the features of the significance of oral histories and family archives for mixed Chinese-Russian families. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive, consistent analysis of the features of the theoretical foundations of intellectual capital, its constituent components. Research methods: comparative, comparative analysis, dialectical, statistical, mathematical, generalization, specification, systematization, deduction, and other methods of theoretical and practical levels of scientific knowledge. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the preparation of a comprehensive study, the formation of the author's conclusions regarding the features of the meaning of oral histories and family archives for mixed Chinese-Russian families. This scientific article will thus be useful to theorists, practitioners, students and faculty of the humanities and other areas of training, as well as a wider range of readers interested in the issues of the meaning of oral histories and family archives for mixed Chinese-Russian families in general.

Key words: archives, historical aspect, family relations, Russian-Chinese relations, oral histories, family archives, historical development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.009

V.V. ORLOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Social, Humanitarian and Natural Sciences, Institute of Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

A.L. TATOCHENKO Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Social, Humanitarian and Natural Sciences, Institute of Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

ON CLARIFYING THE SIZE OF DEMOGRAPHIC LOSSES OF THE POPULATION OF RUSSIA AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE COLLAPSE AND LIQUIDATION OF THE USSR

The article is devoted to the problem of demographic losses incurred by the Russian Federation (RF) as a result of the collapse and liquidation of the Soviet Union (USSR). When calculating quantitative estimates, the authors relied not only on the indicators of population size and its natural movement, but also on external migration. The analysis was conducted on the basis of a comparison of time series of indicators for 1975-1991, the last stage of the USSR, and for 1992-2022, the latest stage in the history of the Russian Federation. It is shown that after the collapse of the USSR, the demographic situation in the Russian Federation developed according to a pessimistic scenario, as a result of which the size of demographic losses at the upper limit of the estimate was comparable to the losses of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War, and at the lower limit – with the losses of the Russian Empire in the First World War and the Civil War. It was established that demographic losses were compensated mainly by external migration growth, the consequence of which are the risks of destructive processes in Russian society. The timeliness of the correction of the vector of demographic policy in the direction of strengthening the institution of the family, increasing the birth rate and improving the health status of the population was noted.

Key words: human potential, natural population movement, birth rate, mortality, external migration, demographic losses.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.011

D.A. POPOV Postgraduate student of the Department of History of State and Municipal Administration, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INTERACTION OF SUBSYSTEMS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

The amendments to the Basic Law of the Russian Federation adopted in 2020, normatively enshrine the collective concept of "public authority system", designed to unite state and public principles in the vertical of power into a single legal organism. The scientific community is still debating the conceptual and practical consequences that are brought into the legal and administrative spheres in connection with these legislative changes. The purpose of this paper is to study the mechanisms of interaction between state authorities and local governments in the Republic of Crimea within the framework of a single administrative and legal model. The article attempts to analyze the problematic aspects of cooperation between state authorities of the subject and local government. The author's classification of the mechanisms of interaction of public authority subsystems is proposed, dividing them into prescriptive, consultative and coordinating, and evaluation and control. The author's approach to understanding the mechanism of "redistribution of powers" is declared by identifying three models of its implementation. Within the framework of the mechanism of vesting local government bodies with individual state powers, its variety "sub-vesting" is distinguished. Using the example of the Republic of Crimea, the practice of applying the mechanisms of vesting and redistributing powers in terms of quantitative and qualitative indicators is considered. Based on them, a conclusion is made about the non-prevalence of these mechanisms in practice in the subject under consideration.

Key words: local self-government, public authority system, public authority, state authorities of the subject, delegation of powers, redistribution of powers, interaction mechanism, hierarchical descent of subsidies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.012

E.F. TOMINA PhD (Pedagogical), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of History of the Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia

THE COMPOSITION OF THE ORENBURG PROVINCIAL KOMSOMOL ORGANIZATION IN 1922-1929

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively characterize the composition of the provincial Communist Youth Union during the entire period under study. The purpose of the study is to establish the numerical, national and educational composition and to trace the dynamics of development in the period under study. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to study the documents extracted from the funds of the United State Archive of the Orenburg Region. A special place is occupied by the published materials of the periodical press of the early 20th century.: "Bolshevik shift", "Chkalovskaya commune", "Komsomol tribe", "Stepnaya Pravda", they provided information about the origin of the Orenburg regional Komsomol organization, as well as about the work of the Komsomol activist. A special place is occupied by the magazine "Agitator's Notebook", on the pages of which the reader was provided with official documents, resolutions of the Komsomol Gubernatorial committee, etc.

They reflect data on the daily activities of Komsomol youth, and much more. The methodological potential of the research includes a set of principles and methods of historical science: the principle of historicism occupied an important place; descriptive, comparative historical, statistical, retrospective methods. In the end, it is necessary to conclude that in the years 1922-1929, the Orenburg provincial organization of the RKSM formed its own youth organization, active youth from among workers and peasants, supporting certain ideas. The average age was 17-20 years, and the dominant was predominantly of Russian nationality, which was quite consistent with the national composition of the provincial population. By 1929, the educational level of Komsomol members, including non-Russian peoples, was increasing due to the activities carried out by Komsomol members.

Key words: Orenburg province, youth, Komsomol organization, national composition.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.014

A.S. CHENTSOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Research Center (Fundamental Military Historical Problems) of the Federal State Treasury Military Educational Institution of Higher Education "Prince Alexander Nevsky Military University" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

FORMATION OF THE BODIES OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS IN THE KONIGSBERG (KALININGRAD) REGION IN 1946-1947

The article examines the issues of the formation of the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR on the territory of the northern part of the German province of East Prussia, which became part of the Soviet Union following the Second World War. As a result of the analysis of documents not previously introduced into scientific circulation, which are stored in the archive of the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Kaliningrad region, the process of creating full-fledged bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR at the initial stage of integration of the region into the USSR is shown, the main problems of their acquisition are identified, the most difficult issues raised by the leadership of the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kaliningrad region to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR on issues related to the creation of law enforcement agencies in the new region.

Key words: Konigsberg (Kaliningrad) region, Interior Ministry bodies, city and district departments (branches) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, police, fire protection, personnel.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.015

ZHANG WEI PhD student of history Department, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

INTEGRATION OF THE BELTAND ROAD INITIATIVE AND THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF UZBEKISTAN

The author analyzed the integration of the B&R initiative and the National Development Plan of Uzbekistan in terms of exchanges and cooperation in the political, economic, and humanitarian fields. The paper emphasized its successes as well as noted the risks and disadvantages, and proposed for mitigating and overcoming them. The author comes to the conclusion that the integration of the B&R Initiative and the National Development Strategy of Uzbekistan contributes to the comprehensive development of relations between the two countries and stimulates the construction of a new type of international relations on a mutually-beneficial cooperation basis.

Key words: China, Uzbekistan, international cooperation, integration, Belt and Road initiative.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.016

A.S. BOKHAN Candidate for the degree of candidate of historical sciences, junior research fellow of the research department (military-humanitarian research) of the research center of fundamental military-applied research, "Prince Alexander Nevsky Military University" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

HUMANITARIAN ASPECTS OF RUSSIA'S FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS UKRAINE IN 1991-2014

Humanitarian dimension is one of the most important topics of the modern world politics. There are a lot of humanitarian programs and projects in Russia as well as in many other countries aimed at the development of humanitarian cooperation within international organizations as well as on basis of bilateral agreements between countries. In this research, the humanitarian aspects of the Russian foreign policy towards Ukraine from 1991 to 2014 are being studied in the context of their impact on the domestic political situation in this country. Following the analysis of the Russian legislative framework as well as practical steps carried out, the main areas of the Russian humanitarian activities in the Ukraine in 1991-2014 are being identified and being assessed. It was determined as a conclusion of this estimation that the Russian humanitarian activities in the Ukraine in 1991-2014 had had several issues so they could be only rated as average.

Key words: humanitarian cooperation, Ukraine, aid, culture, science, compatriots, Rossotrudnichestvo.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.017

A.Yu. NIKITIN Applicant of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

NETWORK APPROACH TO DESCRIBING INTERACTION OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ACTORS

This article provides an assessment of the display of the process of interaction of political and economic actors within the framework of the network approach. The author comes to the conclusion that from the point of view of the network approach, the mechanism of interaction of economic and political actors is constructed as follows. Initially, the process of forming a network coalition of actors is launched. In order to establish primary communication between them, a format for resolving contradictions is selected. Following this, institutionalization of power relations within the coalition of actors occurs. On the basis of institutions recognized by consensus, collective subjects of governance are formed and rights and positions of power are transferred to them. In the course of which the formation of mechanisms for appropriating political rent and "revolving doors" between economic and power structures within the network is carried out.

Key words: network approach, political actors, economic actors, interaction.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.018

I.L. TRUNOV Doctor of Law, Professor, Candidate of Economics, President of the Union of Lawyers of Russia, Professor, Chairman of the Law Department of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF CONSTITUTIONAL LEGAL PROCEEDINGS FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE

Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences The article analyzes the role and position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation within the system of state power, its specific competencies, and issues of law enforcement. It examines questions of the court's political bias, inconsistency in its decisions, and the use of abstract principles for argumentation. Special attention is given to the practice of decision-making, the influence of the socio-political context, and the problem of resolving legal conflicts. The author raises the issue of the need to regulate procedures for changing constitutional interpretations to ensure the stability of the legal system.

Key words: Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, constitutional court proceedings, legal uncertainty, judicial practice, legal conflicts, principles of legal certainty, constitutional interpretations, separation of powers, anti-corruption lawsuits, statute of limitations, law enforcement, socio-political context, judicial self-restraint.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.019

D.E. KOVRIGIN Postgraduate student, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

POLICY OF INTERACTION BETWEEN GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES AND IT COMPANIES TO ACHIEVE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE RUSSIAN SEGMENT OF CYBERSPACE

The article examines the transformation of relations between the state and business in the IT sphere of the Russian Federation in the period before and after the start of the special military operation of Russia in Ukraine and the introduction of unprecedented sanctions against Russia. The sphere of IT companies in Russia at the present stage appears to be a combination of significant threats and opportunities. Sanctions led to the severance of contacts with a large number of foreign partners and created a deficit of IT products on the Russian market. At the same time, the departure of foreign competitors from the domestic market opens up broad opportunities for the growth of domestic IT companies. To realize the possibilities of accelerated development of the IT sphere, it is necessary not only to have enhanced, systemic measures of state support, but also to revise approaches to the development of the IT sphere. These measures are necessary for the sustainability, security and development of the Russian segment of cyberspace, both in the short and long term.

Key words: cyberspace, sanctions, politics, state, economy, IT companies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.013

A.I. KRISYUK Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Peoples Friendship University of Russia; chairman of the ARIR Performance Committee, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF MODERN DIGITAL PLATFORMS & TECHNOLOGIES IN SHAPING OF THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE

Nowadays in the modern world, social media and politics are closely intertwined to the point that separating them is becoming increasingly difficult. Social media now play a key role in shaping and developing the political landscape, contributing to both positive and negative changes. Initially conceived as a mean to unite the people, they have transformed into a powerful tool for political influence and dissemination of information. On a global scale, the influence of Facebook and Twitter (now renamed X) has become especially noticeable during political crises and elections, where the platforms have been used to mobilize activists, coordinate actions, and disseminate ideas. These events have shown that social media have become an integral part of the political landscape, capable of influencing public opinion and political processes. The format of social media changes the language, logic, and structure of political discourse and, accordingly, the communication strategies of political actors.

Key words: digital transformation, deepfake, digital democracy, digitalization, social networks, fake news, chat gpt.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.020

SULAIMAN SULAIMAN ISMAIL MOHAMMED Postgraduate student of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

THE SEPARATION WALL AND ITS IMPACT ON THE FUTURE OF THE PALESTINIAN STATE

This study examines Israel's actions to build the separation wall from the point of view of the impact on the Arab-Israeli conflict and the future of the Israeli project in the region, since the construction of the separation wall has serious consequences, which are also analyzed in this article. The author pays special attention to the analysis of the further development of the Arab-Israeli conflict.

Key words: Palestine, separation wall, settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict, Arab-Israeli conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.021

A.A. MAKAROVA Student of the educational program «Public relations and media policy» at the Institute for State and Municipal Management of the RANEPA (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration), Moscow, Russia

AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT DIGITAL MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DOMESTIC POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

This study is devoted to the study of current digital media technologies of communication between the state and citizens through the prism of Russia's domestic policy. The author considers the conduct of live broadcasts, the system of work with feedback from residents to authorities in the Internet space, public communications in public publications and on the pages of government representatives as technologies necessary for the implementation of domestic policy directions.

Key words: digital media technologies, internal policy, heads of regions, government publications, live broadcast, Regional management centers.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.022

A.G. KOVALCHUK Postgraduate student, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia

D.L. TSYBAKOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Moscow, Russia

TRANSFORMATION OF CIVIC PARTICIPATION MODELS IN REGIONAL GOVERNANCE PROCESSES: FROM PUBLIC HEARINGS TO INTERACTIVE FORMS OF INTERACTION

The article explores the transformation of civic participation models in regional governance processes in the context of digitalization and the development of new forms of communication. Based on the analysis of contemporary practices of interaction between governmental authorities and society, trends are identified that indicate a shift from traditional institutionalized forms of participation to interactive formats rooted in the principles of participatory governance and network communication. The characteristics of hybrid forms of civic participation, which combine online and offline practices, are examined. Existing barriers to effective interaction between authorities and society are analyzed, including the formal nature of participation mechanisms and the weak development of local communities. Approaches to improving the regulatory framework and developing new interaction formats in the context of the Local Governance concept are proposed.

Key words: civic participation, regional governance, digitalization, interactive interaction formats, local communities, participatory governance, Local Governance, public hearings, civic initiatives, electronic democracy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.010

S.V. VOROBYEV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of International Relations of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

PLANNING LEGISLATIVE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC POLICY TO IMPROVE SAFETY AND WELL-BEING LEVEL

This article is devoted to the issues of planning areas of legislative and law enforcement activities in public policy through monitoring particular indicators.

The article analyzes existing approaches to measuring the well-being level. It is based on the researches conducted. The author proposes index of safety and well-being, based on measurable and scientifically proven data.

Key words: public administration, public policy, safety policy, performance assessment, models and procedures.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.023

G.G. ZHERAVOV Graduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

THE EFFECTS OF OPTIMIZING THE PROCESSES OF DATA COLLECTION, PROCESSING AND TRANSMISSION ON THE EXAMPLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Continuous scientific and technological progress (including in the field of digital technologies) and the systematic growth of production capacities of organizations open up opportunities for collecting, storing and processing an increasing amount of data. These changes lead to an improvement in quality and an accelerated response to constantly changing market conditions, which leads to economic growth and an improvement in the quality of life of the population. At the same time, during the digital transformation of the public sector, various types of obstacles arise, which can be overcome by optimizing the processes of data collection, processing and transmission.

Key words: data-centric approach in the public sector, strategic planning, optimization of integration mechanisms.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.024

Yu.A. ROGOV Postgraduate student, Faculty of global studies, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INFORMATION WARS OF THE PRESENT AND FUTURE

The spread of artificial intelligence is changing a wide range of areas of human society, and the political sphere is no exception. The article examines the use of AI in information warfare compared to "traditional" combat operations. It is shown that the range of AI systems and algorithms used in information and psychological campaigns is already very broad and is ahead of many other areas of AI use. In the future, it seems likely that AI will become even more widespread for such purposes due to its relative cheapness and availability compared to the tools of "traditional" combat operations. With regard to the latter, the use of AI also seems promising, but in terms of fully autonomous AI in combat systems, it faces fundamental ethical and legal challenges.

Key words: artificial intelligence, information wars, information-psychological wars, deepfakes, propaganda, psychological impact, information war tools.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.025

N.P. ROMANOVA Student People's Friendship University of Russia Moscow, Russia

STRATEGIES AND TACTICS OF INTERACTION OF INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS WITH GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN THE PROCESS OF STATE REGULATION AND PUBLIC PROCUREMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS IN MODERN RUSSIA

This article examines the features of state regulation and public procurement of pharmaceutical products in modern Russia from the perspective of analyzing methods and approaches to interaction between government agencies and industry associations. The importance of industry groups as a link between government and business is emphasized, as they help to offer comprehensive solutions that contribute to the achievement of strategic goals in the field of healthcare.

The topic is relevant due to the complexity of the regulatory framework, the need to improve the efficiency and transparency of public procurement, as well as the problem of ensuring public access to medicines. The purpose of this article is to study the strategies and approaches used by industry organizations and government agencies to carry out state supervision and procurement of pharmaceutical products, as well as to explore ways to strengthen this interaction. The article examines the main functions of industry associations, including monitoring legislative activities, providing expert assistance and representing corporate interests in negotiations with government officials. The research will be conducted by studying professional and academic literature, legal norms and analyzing examples of interaction between government agencies and business.

The key tactics of interaction are considered, including the formation of working groups, a partnership model of interaction and the creation of joint educational initiatives. Special attention is paid to strategies to increase openness, digitalize public procurement procedures and introduce innovative solutions.

The results of the work emphasize that effective interaction of associations with government organizations can help optimize government regulation and procurement processes, reduce obstacles to doing business and contribute to the sustainable growth of the industry. These results can be useful both to government agencies influencing health policy and to stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry.

Key words: pharmaceuticals, healthcare, public procurement, industry associations, government regulation.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.026

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission on National-State Structure and Interethnic Relations of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation 1991-1993, Moscow, Russia

POLYETHNOPOLITICAL REGIONS AND POST-SOVIET CONFLICTS

Based on a scientific review of publications in some peer-reviewed journals of recent years, an attempt is made to characterize various models of interethnic relations in polyethnic regions. The main sources of ethnopolitical conflicts are studied. The features of national policy in the modern Russian Federation and post-Soviet states are analyzed. The mechanisms of influence of the factor of interethnic relations on the political stability of regions with a multiethnic population are studied.

Key words: interethnic relations, human rights, polyethnopolitical region, ethnopolitical conflict, political stability, state national policy, ethnopolitical challenges, ethnopolitical stereotypes, national-state identity, ethnic nationalism, ethnonational languages.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.027

S.S. EGOROV PhD student, Faculty of political science MSU, Moscow, Russia

THE POLICY OF UKRAINE, THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE EUROPEAN UNION REGARDING THE SETTLEMENT OF THE POLITICAL CRISIS IN SOUTHEASTERN UKRAINE (2014-2022): POLITICAL AND INTERNATIONAL ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the political and international analysis of one of the most dramatic conflicts of the XXI century – the conflict in the South-East of Ukraine. The crisis in the South-East of Ukraine became the starting point for global changes in the structure of European security, influenced the transformation of the world order that emerged after the end of the Cold War. Russia has reasserted itself on the world stage, proving that defending national interests and the rights of the Russian-speaking population in Ukraine is a priority for its foreign policy. The purpose and objectives of scientific work are to consider the policies and approaches of the Russian Federation, Ukraine, the countries of the European Union, and the young republics of Donbass in relation to the settlement of the political crisis in Southeastern Ukraine. To highlight the main domestic and foreign policy causes of the crisis in Ukraine. Methodology: the work is based on the civilizational approach, as well as the theory of political realism, which allowed us to identify the true interests of each side in the Ukrainian political crisis. To analyze the reasons that led to the next "color revolution" in Ukraine, the author uses the approach of T. Skochpol and J. Goodwin, the ideologist of the "color revolutions" J. Sharp, who made it possible to identify the factors that led Ukraine into a state of open civil war with its own population. Using the methodology of the black box, as well as the developments of the theory of the "zero-sum game", the author proves that P.A. Poroshenko, V.A. Zelensky could not, with all their declared desire, end the conflict in Donbass peacefully. Results and conclusions: A political and international analysis of the political crisis in the South-East of Ukraine has been carried out. The course of the Russian Federation, Ukraine, the republics of Donbass and the European Union in relation to the settlement of the conflict is considered.

Key words: conflict in Donbas, Euromaidan, color revolution, Russia, Ukraine, European Union.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.028

V.V. ESIN Postgraduate student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ALLEN DE BENOIST'S INFLUENCE ON EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION. THE RISE OF NEW RIGHT IDEOLOGY IN EUROPE

The article analyzes the influence of Allen de Benoit, a French political and cultural thinker, on modern right-wing movements in Europe and their ideological foundations. The main idea of the work is that de Benoit's ideas expressing traditional values, anti-globalism and a critical view of multiculturalism have become an important reinforcing factor in the growing popularity of the so-called «new right» in postmodern European politics. The article provides an analysis of the ideological foundations of the new right, such as the search for identity, the pursuit of national sovereignty and the condemnation of liberal democracy. The main focus is on how de Benoit's ideas echoed with various European movements, such as the National Front in France, which makes the text relevant for understanding modern political and cultural trends.

Key words: globalization, international relations, politics, society, traditionalism, ideology, migration crisis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.029

XUE JIAXIN Postgraduate student, Department of Global Studies, Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INFLUENCE OF CONFLICT SITUATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST ON THE POLICY OF THE PRC

This article aims to analyze the impact of conflict situations in the Middle East on China's policy. China and the Arab countries have a similar historical destiny, and both sides bear responsibility for national revival and development. In the context of changes in the global political and economic landscape, their cooperation is becoming increasingly close. The article on the impact of conflict situations in the Middle East on China's policy examines how regional conflicts and crises affect China's foreign policy stance, considers China's reactions to key events and its approach to security and stability in the region. China's foreign policy strategy in the Middle East is based on the principles of pragmatism and neutrality, which allows it to avoid deep involvement in the region's conflicts. China demonstrates strategic flexibility in its approach to Middle East policy, adapting to changing conditions in the region. This flexibility allows China to find a balance between economic interests and political neutrality, maintaining the stability of its presence and developing mutually beneficial cooperation.

Key words: conflict situations in the Middle East, China's policy, influence, foreign policy position, security and stability in the region, political and economic landscape, development and mutually beneficial cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.030

TAFIK DIYAR FAKHER Graduate student, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

Scientific supervisor:

M.V. LAPENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN STRENGTHENING GOOD GOVERNANCE AND POLITICAL STABILITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST

The article analyzes the role of civil society in strengthening good governance and political stability in the Middle East. The relevance of the study is due to the significant influence of civic activism on political and social transformations in the region, where historical, cultural and political characteristics create both opportunities and obstacles for the development of civil society. The purpose of the work is to identify key factors influencing the development of civil society in the region, analyze existing barriers and develop recommendations for overcoming them. The research methodology includes an analysis of historical, cultural and contemporary processes, as well as consideration of examples from countries in the region, such as Tunisia, Egypt, Lebanon and Syria. The results of the study show that civil society plays an important role in democratization processes, ensuring dialogue between the state and society, promoting human rights and enhancing civic culture. However, political restrictions, economic difficulties and cultural characteristics continue to hinder its development.

Key words: civil society, effective governance, political stability, Middle East, democratization, state, conflicts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.031

M.V. SHUDRIK Postgraduate student, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF THE INFORMATIONAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL CONFRONTATION IN THE FIRST HALF OF XX CENTURY: USSR’S EXPERIENCE

The article deals with the evolution of the concepts of information-psychological confrontation of the USSR in the first half of the XX century. The concept of information-psychological confrontation of the USSR is defined, based on theoretical studies. The article demonstrates the process of evolution of the concept, presents problems and challenges. The article considers 2 stages of development of the concept of information-psychological confrontation – the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War. The examples of these stages are used to analyze the means, methods and orientation of information-psychological confrontation and to evaluate its effectiveness. Another task of the article is to determine the reasons for the changes in the concepts of information-psychological confrontation. The main conclusion of the work is that already at the time of the first half of the XX century such key principles of realization of information-psychological confrontation were formed as the provision by the authorities of the country of control over specialized state institutions responsible for the dissemination of information, active psychological work to decompose the enemy's morale, timely use of technology. Based on the work done, the author proposes to pay special attention to the modern process of building a new concept of information-psychological confrontation, addressing the current threats and challenges caused by the introduction of technologies based on artificial intelligence, based on the key principles laid down in the first half of XX century.

Key words: information-psychological confrontation, psychological warfare, Great Patriotic War.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.032

AL-KHALEDI MUHYALDIN MOHAMMED Postgraduate student, Department of International Relations, World Politics and Diplomacy, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

POLITICAL AND DIPLOMATIC DEVELOPMENT OF YEMEN IN LIGHT OF REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CHANGES

The article highlights the political aspects of the Yemeni crisis, in which it was possible to achieve a sustainable political settlement with the participation of all parties in discussing the geographical and military aspects of the country's future. The author analyzes the political situation in the country from the launch of the Peace and Partnership Initiative to the Houthi coup against legitimacy in September 2014, the negotiations in Kuwait in 2016, which the Houthis refused at the stage of signing the agreement to the Stockholm Agreement in 2019. The author emphasizes that a large number of opportunities for conflict resolution were missed in April 2022, when a ceasefire agreement was reached under the auspices of the UN, and in September 2023, when the UN envoy to Yemen Hans Grundberg proposed a settlement option through a “road map”, but the events of October 7, 2023 and the war in Gaza cut off the road.

Key words: Yemen, political development, diplomacy, legitimacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.033

WANG XIN PhD student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russia

NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR RUSSIAN-CHINESE RELATIONS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE

This article provides information about the main types and directions of cooperation between China and Russia; the specifics of this cooperation; aspects of interaction between the parties. Also devoted to the study of the problems and prospects of the «One Belt, One Road» concept.

Key words: China, One Belt, One Road (OBOB), prospects.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.034

GAO YUE PhD student Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE INTEGRATION OF THE KAZAKH NURLY ZHOL PROGRAM AND THE CHINESE BELT AND ROAD CONCEPT: STATE AND PROSPECTS

The format of China's multilateral cooperation with the countries of Eurasia also includes a bilateral project of interaction between the Chinese Belt and Road initiative and the Kazakh state program Nurly Zhol, which aims to create an effective platform for the development and improvement of cooperation between the countries and coordination of plans for the joint construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Key words: program, project, "Nurly Zhol", "Belt and Road", cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.035

LENG XIAOTIAN PhD Student, Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

"INDO-PACIFIC STRATEGY": SECURITY ISSUES BETWEEN CHINA AND INDIA AND POSSIBLE PATHS FOR REGIONAL BALANCE

The concept of the "Indo-Pacific Strategy" (IPS) and its implementation have significantly impacted the geopolitical situation in the Asia-Pacific region and the Indian Ocean. As two major regional powers, China and India play key roles in ensuring security within the context of this strategy. The United States, relying on cooperation with India, Japan, Australia, and other countries, seeks to contain China's geopolitical influence, while India uses this strategy to strengthen its regional leadership. The security issues between China and India in this context not only reflect their bilateral contradictions but also directly affect peace and stability in the region. This article aims to analyze the challenges in the field of security within the framework of the IPS and propose possible paths for achieving sustainable regional development through balance.

Key words: Indo-Pacific Strategy, China-India relations, security issues, regional balance, geopolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.036

E.R. OSCHEPKOV Researcher in Asia Studies and International Relations, Faculty of World Economics and World Politics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

JAPAN'S STRATEGIC DIALOGUE WITH PACIFIC ISLAND NATIONS: FROM ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP TO BUILDING A COLLECTIVE SECURITY SYSTEM IN POLYNESIA, MICRONESIA AND MELANESIA

The article analyses the problematics of strategic relations between Japan and Pacific Island Nations. Between 2019 and 2024, the Japanese government’s interest in the countries of Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia has increased significantly, as evidenced by the results of quantitative and qualitative analyses of annual White Papers. In 2019, the umbrella term ‘Pacific Islands’ is mentioned only 27 times in the Defense of Japan. In 2020 and 2021, it is mentioned 34 times each. The increase is noticeable in 2022 as well: 43 times. After that (due to the fixation on other aspects of international politics from Ukraine to Taiwan) interest temporarily drops to 26 times, but then – in 2024 – breaks a new record of 75 mentions per document. The main driver of Japanese presence into the region is the desire to outpace China economically, scientifically, technologically and militarily. To this end, the Japanese government is actively investing in the Pacific Island countries: building infrastructure, training personnel, conducting exercises and helping to overcome the consequences of natural disasters. At the same time, the Japanese leadership pursues at least two goals in Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia: 1) implementation of the American IPOI concept; 2) implementation of the ‘KIZUNA’ plan developed by Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga and soon continued by his successor Fumio Kishida. The strategic interaction between Japan and the Pacific Island nations is asymmetric, as Japan gives much more resources to its ‘junior partners’ than it receives in return. The main benefit for the Japanese state in this situation is the loyalty of the small powers in the region in case of a confrontation with China. As international tensions grow, Japan, a largely non-self-reliant country, acquires its own ‘spokes’, which then form a buffer zone of security between China and the US. Although this process is still understudied by the academic community, its potential is extremely high.

Key words: Japan, Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia, dialogue, strategy, security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.117.12.037

A.А. PAVLIUCHENKO Senior Teacher, Chair of Information Support For Foreign Policy, School of World Politics, Undergraduate Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DIGITAL DIPLOMACY OF THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AND THE STATE OF KUWAIT AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The article examenes the digital diplomacy of the United Arab Emirates and the States of Kuwait at the current stage. The study explored social media accounts and websites of foreign affairs agencies and a number of foreign agencies of the studied states. The author concludes that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kuwait has shown significant progress, despite the significant lag that has remained steadily behind the UAE foreign ministry steadily developing in this direction.

Key words: Digital Diplomacy, United Arab Emirates, State of Kuwait, Twitter, Social Media.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 14. Issue 9 (114), 2024

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY, ETHNOGRAPHY

• Mukhamedov R.A., Akhtyamov D.I. Peasants of Simbirsk (Ulyanovsk) Province in the Early 1920s: Historical Aspect
• Gaverdovsky A.V. Activities of the Ryazan Provincial Emergency Commission for the Elimination of Illiteracy
• Gazieva A.A., Gasanov M.M. On the Issue of the Economic Status of the Russian Population of the Republic of Dagestan in the 1990-2000s.
• Abgaryan V.S. Creation and Improvement of the System of Work of State Authorities and Military Administration for the Development of Traditions of the Russian Army During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)
• Razgovorov S.V. The Revival of the Orthodox Brotherhoods Institution During the Church Reforms of Alexander II
• Molchanova T.V. On the Issue of Race Genesis in the Territory of Ancient China

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

• Kargin E.A. State-Civilization as a Manifestation of Multiple Modernities
• Legostaev I.A. Traditional Values in the Political Discourse of Russia and China: Comparative Analysis

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Soloviev V.A., Samolyanov O.A., Stryuk G.G. Person-Centricity in National and Foreign Scientific Discourse
• Karimov E.R. Digital Platforms and Public Policy: Analysis of Role and Influence
• Dzyuban V.V., Murtazin R.A., Seleznev I.A. Ethnopolitical Aspects of Integration Processes Between Mongolia and Russia (on the Example of the Mongols, Buryats and Yakuts)
• Dibrov E.A. The Experience of Using Hybrid Warfare Technologies in the Context of Legitimizing the Electoral Process in Bolivia and Ukraine: a Comparative Analysis
• Valyukas N.N. Issues of Social Networks in Political Communication
• Stalnoy A.L. The Fiasco of Denazification in FRG: Radical Student Protest and its Reasons
• Kuzina S.I., Sagiryan I.G. Socio-Political Determinants of the Formation of the Personality of a Terrorist

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

• Goryacheva Zh.A., Viktorov A.G., Ushakova S.N. The Role of the Personality in History. Patriotism, Educational Institutions and Their Heroes
• Minin A.I. Advantages and Problems of Merger of Municipalities in Russian Practice
• Smirnova T.S. Nationalization Policy: Theoretical Aspect
• Trunov I.L., Ayvar L.K. Demographics. Surrogacy. Human Trafficking. Conflict of Legal Regulation

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

• Bezruchenko V.I. Croatian Nationalism in Socialist Yugoslavia 1950s-1991
• Goncharenko A.R. Western Technologies and Instruments of Influence on the Education System in the Context of Hybrid War (on Materials of Central Asia)
• Lukina Yu.V. A New Phase of Cognitive Warfare Against Russia Against the Backdrop of Aggravated International Relations Between Russia and the Collective West in the Period of the SMO
• Ruban L.S. The Development of Tourism in Nepal in the Interaction of External Factors, the Natural Component and the Traditions of Natural Culture
• Bratkovskaya D.V., Rogova Ya.D., Tokareva S.A. The Linguistic Strategies for Building National Unity in Multicultural Countries: the Case of Russia
• Melkonyants G.A. The Transformation of Geopolitical Threats to the Security of the Russian Federation in the Context of Global Conflict in the 2020s.
• Paramuzova O.G., Rosales A.R. The Historical Aspect of the Development of Territorial Claims in Antarctica in the Context of the Need to Solve the Problem of Improving the Mechanism of Legal Regulation
• Semenov N.S. The Geopolitical Dimensions of the Implementation of China's ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative in the Asia-Pacific Region
• Chao Bingqing, Wang Xin. China's "Soft Power" as an Instrument of Solving Global Problems
• Yuan Chenzhao, Qian Chen. Inter-Party Cooperation Amid the Rise of Great Powers: a Comparison of Party-Building Models in China and Russia in the New Global Governance
• Binish. Approaches of New Delhi’s Towards Central Asia During Various Historical Periods

PUBLICATION REVIEW

• Slizovsky D.E., Medvedev N.P. On the Question of the Religious Situation in Modern Russia (Review of Publications)

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY, ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.001

R.A. MUKHAMEDOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of History of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

D.I. AKHTYAMOV Master's Degree in the Profile "Historical Education" of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

PEASANTS OF SIMBIRSK (ULYANOVSK) PROVINCE IN THE EARLY 1920S: HISTORICAL ASPECT

The author attempts to conduct a retrospective analysis of events in the most difficult initial period of Soviet power in the countryside, the 1920s, during the establishment and consolidation of the new government and attempts to implement the agrarian policy of the Bolshevik Party in the countryside. The purchase, sale, and lease of land was prohibited, and a monopoly on foreign and domestic grain trade was introduced. Since that time, the basis of the land policy of the young country subsequently became the collectivization of agriculture. The main sources were archival documents and materials from the State Archive of the Modern History of the Ulyanovsk region (GANI UO), which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time (Fund 3. Inventory 1, case No. 229, 327, 207). The article examines the participation of the poor, peasant population of the Ulyanovsk region in the process of establishing Soviet power, and subsequently in collectivization, as well as various assistance to peasants from the Soviet government and subsequent attitudes towards the Soviet government and the state as a whole.

Key words: poor, peasantry, collectivization, campaign, cooperation, middle peasant, kulak.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.002

A.V. GAVERDOVSKY Postgraduate student in the field of Historical science and archaeology, profile – National history Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

ACTIVITIES OF THE RYAZAN PROVINCIAL EMERGENCY COMMISSION FOR THE ELIMINATION OF ILLITERACY

This article discusses the problem of creating the All-Russian Emergency Commission for the Elimination of Illiteracy (CHEKA l/b), as well as its departments "on the ground" (they were called "gramcheka. The article highlights and describes the characteristic features of the activities of the Ryazan Provincial Emergency Commission for the elimination of illiteracy. The article notes that the commission sought to strengthen live communication with places, in addition to methodological meetings and conferences, carried out planned field visits, called employees for reports. In addition, she established regular receipt of materials from the field and sending responses to them, developed various instructions. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the historical experience of the fight against illiteracy. Thus, a comprehensive study of the Cheka's activities to eliminate illiteracy in the Ryazan province seems to be a very relevant problem both theoretically and organizationally and practically, the solution of which is aimed at one of the most important factors in the development of society at a critical stage. Scientific novelty. The article summarizes new material on the topic under study, introduces into scientific circulation a significant number of archival documents and materials of state and public organizations of the Ryazan province that were practically unknown to the scientific community before.

Key words: All-Russian Emergency Commission for the Elimination of Illiteracy, RSFSR, A.V. Lunacharsky, Council of People's Commissars, Narkompros, Ryazan province, county, parish.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.003

A.A. GAZIEVA Junior researcher DFITs RAS, IIAE, Department of New and Contemporary History of Dagestan, Makhachkala, Russia

M.M. GASANOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head. Department of Russian History Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF THE ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN IN THE 1990-2000S.

The article examines the issue of the peculiarities of the economic and social situation of the Russian population of the Republic of Dagestan in the period after the collapse of the USSR and Russia's entry into the path of market relations, when significant changes occurred in the socio-economic sphere. The relevance of the study lies in understanding the historical causes and consequences of the mass migration movement of the Russian population from the Republic of Dagestan, which is an important component for issues of national policy in the region at the present stage. Also, this study is relevant for understanding modern challenges in the region, which is especially important in the context of studying issues of security and stability in the Caucasus region.

Key words: perestroika, economy, business, crisis, Russians, migrations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.004

V.S. ABGARYAN adjunct, Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military University», Moscow, Russia

CREATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF WORK OF STATE AUTHORITIES AND MILITARY ADMINISTRATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (1941-1945)

The article is devoted to the study of the process of creating a system of work of state authorities and military administration for the development of traditions of the Russian army during the Great Patriotic War. The objective need for ideological cohesion of all strata of Soviet society in wartime conditions required the creation of a system of work of the country's military and political bodies, by increasing attention to issues of traditional Russian patriotism.

The threat of loss of state sovereignty and physical destruction required a radical revision of pre-war views, which led to the implementation of the national patriotic concept of protecting the Motherland. In accordance with the decisions of the highest party bodies and state and military administration bodies, the system of work on the development of the traditions of the Russian army was radically improved. The main directions and forms of the work carried out were determined by the military-political situation in the country, the main events and the strategic situation on the Soviet-German front. The repulse of the hated enemy, the decisive victories of the Red Army during the radical turning point, and the victorious end of the war determined the essence, main directions and forms of the work being carried out.

The author concludes that the achievement of positive results in the organization of work on the development of the traditions of the Russian army, the competent formulation of its goals and objectives was due to the successful interaction of the Soviet supreme party bodies, state and military administration, all forces of Soviet science and the public.

Key words: military traditions, patriotism, soviet ideology, the system of work, military administration, public authorities, the Soviet State.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.005

S.V. RAZGOVOROV Master of Historical Sciences postgraduate student of Moscow City Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

THE REVIVAL OF THE ORTHODOX BROTHERHOODS INSTITUTION DURING THE CHURCH REFORMS OF ALEXANDER II

The purpose of this work is to study the position of the clergy of the Russian Empire during the reign of Alexander II using the example of the revival of the institution of Orthodox fraternities in the western provinces. The work uses a historical-systemic method with consideration of the position of the Orthodox Church under Alexander II from different positions. Interest in the history of the church of this period arose in the 90s of the 20th century, but not much attention was paid to the issues of fraternities in them. Moreover, they practically did not touch upon such an aspect of their specificity as an attempt by the clergy to secure greater freedom in conducting internal affairs. The Orthodox Church under the governance of the Holy Synod was going through a long crisis. The clergy gradually turned into a kind of officials, which was noticeable both at the top and among the people. Against the background of the accession to the throne of Alexander II, reforms in the religious sphere were expected. The clergy sought to gain more freedom from secular power, while the government wanted to maintain the status quo. A potential point of contact could have been the institution of Orthodox fraternities, which it was decided to introduce in the western provinces against the backdrop of growing anti-Polish sentiments in society, with the aim of increasing the authority of the Orthodox Church against the backdrop of opposition to Catholicism. However, the initiative was quickly seized by the clergy, who began to create fraternities spontaneously, without state control. When the authorities realized the state of affairs, they took this practice under their full control, thereby turning the fraternities into the same bureaucratic structure. Against the backdrop of the history of Orthodox fraternities, a ripening conflict between the clergy and secular power is visible. Despite the importance of the Orthodox Church for society, the state could not allow it to develop independently, which only exacerbated the crisis.

Key words: Brotherhoods, Central Presence, subsidies, Holy Synod, schools, Polish Uprising, donations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.006

T.V. MOLCHANOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Regional Studies, St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Prof. M.A. Bonch-Bruevich", St. Petersburg, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF RACE GENESIS IN THE TERRITORY OF ANCIENT CHINA

The process of formation of modern man in China is connected with pre-literate history of mankind, which is the reason for the existence of various approaches to the problematic of the issue. Russian, Western and Chinese anthropologists and archaeologists adhere to two main points of view: the population of China is either Sinatropa or descendants of migrants from the West. However, each theory has certain contradictory and unproven theses. The Mongoloid race is not uniform, and representatives of northern and southern China differ in a number of race-forming features. Race formation in China is connected with subsequent processes of ethnogenesis of the Chinese people.

Key words: race genesis, Sinanthropus, Mongoloid race, racial characteristics, ethnogenesis of the Chinese, Chinese archeology, ancient China.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.007

E.A. KARGIN Postgraduate student in the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

STATE-CIVILIZATION AS A MANIFESTATION OF MULTIPLE MODERNITIES

The article considers the term “state-civilization” on the example of Russia and China. This term is relatively new for the domestic academic discourse and is considered in the context of the theory of multiple modernities. The possibility of multiple modernities is already inherent in the cultural program of European modernity, but their formation is also influenced by the civilizational traditions of different societies. These societies refuse Westernization as an indispensable attribute of modernization. Appeal to the theory of multiple modernities allows Chinese researchers to justify the existence of East Asian modernity, and domestic researchers to abandon the idea of the secondary nature of modernization processes in Russia as a way of simply copying Western values and institutional models with varying degrees of success. The revision of the European version of modernity entails the rejection of the non-alternative model of the nation-state, which successfully describes European realities, but causes controversy among researchers as to its applicability to such large countries as China and Russia. Their consideration as civilizational states implies an emphasis on the common cultural and linguistic spaces, the presence of centuries-old civilizational traditions and the unity of historical destiny on a sufficiently large territory, the common identity formed on this basis, and the presence of a single political center.

Key words: state-civilization, civilizational state, nation-state, multiple modernities, East Asian modernity, state, democracy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.008

I.A. LEGOSTAEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

TRADITIONAL VALUES IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF RUSSIA AND CHINA: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the analysis of traditional values in the political discourse of Russia and China. Traditional values play an important role in shaping political discourse in both Russia and China, having a significant impact on the domestic and foreign policies of both countries. The article analyzes the approaches of Russia and China to traditional values, both common features and differences are revealed. This phenomenon deserves close attention and comprehensive analysis, given its importance for understanding modern political processes. Moreover, the relevance of the topic is due to the fact that in the context of the active spread of the destructive anti-Russian agenda in the world, the protection, preservation and development of traditional values is a strategic issue.

Key words: Russia, China, traditional values, political discourse.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.009

V.A. SOLOVIEV Head of the Laboratory for Person-centricity and Leadership of the Institute for Public Administration and Governance of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

O.A. SAMOLYANOV Chief expert of the Laboratory for Person-centricity and Leadership of the Institute for Public Administration and Governance of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

G.G. STRYUK Deputy head of the Laboratory for Person-centricity and Leadership of the Institute for Public Administration and Governance of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

PERSON-CENTRICITY IN NATIONAL AND FOREIGN SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE

In conditions of socio-political instability, there is a need to introduce a person-centered approach in the activities of both governmental and non-governmental organizations. This approach contributes to the formation of a more just and benevolent society. However, to date there is no unified understanding of this term. One of the key objectives of the study is to compare the interpretation of the concept of “person-centeredness” in Russian and foreign scientific discourse. An essential aspect of the person-centered approach is the awareness of values and priorities of each person, which contribute to the development of his or her potential.

The study emphasizes that in the conditions of constant change, including the rapid pace of scientific and technological progress, it is the individual who is able to adapt and improve the world around him or her, establishing interaction with digital technologies in order to maximize their use to solve problems. The study reveals differences in the interpretation of the term “person-centricity” in Western and Russian discourse, identifies the most common goals, principles and models of implementing the person-centric approach in organizations, and attempts to develop assessment tools for its implementation. Eight principles of the person-centered organization are formulated, which is a significant value of this study.

Key words: client-centeredness, person-centeredness, person-centered approach, human-centered approach, human-centered design, management, leadership, spiritual and moral values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.010

E.R. KARIMOV Postgraduate student, Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics, South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

DIGITAL PLATFORMS AND PUBLIC POLICY: ANALYSIS OF ROLE AND INFLUENCE

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of the influence of digital platforms on public policy in the context of global digital transformation. The author of the study analyzes various approaches to defining the concept of "digital platform", offers a typology of platforms that have the greatest influence on the political sphere. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of influence of digital platforms on the formation of public opinion and political mobilization, such as algorithmic filtering of content, creation of information bubbles and "echo chambers", viral dissemination of information, decentralization of information flows. The author emphasizes the growing role of digital platforms and the network effects they create in the transformation of traditional political institutions and processes, and also notes the associated risks and challenges for democracy. The study contributes to the understanding of the new digital reality of public policy and opens up prospects for further study of the impact of technological innovations on political processes.

Key words: digital platforms, public policy, public opinion, political communication, political participation, algorithmic filtering, network effects, platformization, democracy, social networks.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.011

V.V. DZYUBAN Doctor of Historical Sciences, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the Department of History and Philosophy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Plekhanov Russian University of Economics”, Moscow, Russia

R.A. MURTAZIN Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of MSU, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov”, Moscow, Russia

I.A. SELEZNEV PhD in Sociology, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Institute of Socio-Political Research, Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

ETHNOPOLITICAL ASPECTS OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES BETWEEN MONGOLIA AND RUSSIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MONGOLS, BURYATS AND YAKUTS)

Studying the interaction of cultures is one of the key areas in modern humanitarian science. This work is aimed at studying the influence of the cultures of Mongolia, Yakutia and Buryatia. Having analyzed folklore sources, historical documents and ethnographic observations, we will try to answer the questions: how did these cultures interact in historical perspective? What elements were borrowed and how were they transformed? Which cultural elements retained their identity?

Key words: Buryats, Mongols, Mongolia, Russia, ethnopolitics, Yakuts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.012

E.А. DIBROV Applicant of PhD in Political Science of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE EXPERIENCE OF USING HYBRID WARFARE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF LEGITIMIZING THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN BOLIVIA AND UKRAINE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The article examines the experience of using hybrid warfare technologies in the context of legitimizing the electoral process in Bolivia and Ukraine. The reasons for the emergence of conflict-causing trends in the studied countries at different stages of their development, during which the peak of crisis political processes was recorded, are determined. The general narratives and stages of confrontation between pro-government and opposition political forces in Bolivia and Ukraine are listed. The political factors and foreign interest groups that supported the leaders of the protest crowd and the opposition, which, using information and communication technologies, led to a protracted multi-level crisis, division of society or civil war, are identified. In the context of the evolution of global trends, possible initiatives to stabilize and maintain the level of security in the studied countries are proposed.

Key words: Bolivia, Ukraine, delegitimization, opposition, putschists, election fraud, hybrid war.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.013

N.N. VALYUKAS Lecturer at the Department of Political Science, Management and Regional Studies, Voronezh Institute of Economics and social management, Voronezh, Russia

ISSUES OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN POLITICAL COMMUNICATION

The article examines the impact of social networks on political communication, as well as their advantages for political organizations. Special attention is paid to the analysis of key challenges that can affect the effectiveness of social platforms in the context of the political sphere. The article analyzes how social media is changing the traditional ways of communication between politicians and voters. This study not only highlights positive aspects, such as expanding reach and increasing audience engagement, but also points to important issues, including the spread of misinformation and the popularization of opinions. The article provides a comprehensive overview that helps to better understand how social networks have become an integral part of modern political discourse and what obstacles need to be overcome to optimize their use.

Key words: social networks, political space, political communication, digital information technologies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.014

A.L. STALNOY Postgraduate student, Department of Public Policy, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE FIASCO OF DENAZIFICATION IN FRG: RADICAL STUDENT PROTEST AND ITS REASONS

The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between two processes in the history of Germany – the denazification process and the student protest movement in the 1968. Based on historical sources and materials, the causes and consequences of the fiasco of denazification procedures, the official position of the German government on the interpretation of the past, the dynamics of collective memories of the national socialist period of German history and the features of the student protest movement are considered in detail. The author argues that the fiasco of denazification and the subsequent «renazification» of the West German elite act as a catalyst for the radicalization of the student protest movement, which initially had a peaceful status and fit into the global trend of protest against consumer-oriented capitalism. The article concludes that the fiasco of denazification, coupled with insufficient attention on the part of the federal government to the process of mastering the past, caused the strengthening in the public consciousness of the model of «negative nationalism», which assumes centralization around negative events and symbols of national history. Despite this, the terrorist activities of the organization «Red Army Faction» aimed at «denazification by hand» and the opposition to it by the federal government strengthened the legitimacy of state institutions and consolidated German society around the state.

Key words: denazification, Germany, Red Army Faction, left terrorism, student protest, nationalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.015

S.I. KUZINA Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the South Russian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Public Law Disciplines, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Done, Russia

I.G. SAGIRYAN Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Public Law Disciplines, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Done, Russia

SOCIO-POLITICAL DETERMINANTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE PERSONALITY OF A TERRORIST

The growth of terrorism throughout the world is due to geopolitical contradictions and armed conflicts between states. The prevention of terrorist attacks and the death of civilians requires the scientific study of all aspects of terrorism, including the identity of people who join the ranks of terrorists. Based on general sociological and systemic approaches, factors influencing the formation of a terrorist’s personality have been studied, such as: features of the social environment and psychotypes of individuals inclined towards terrorist activities. It has been proven that the growth of terrorism can be stopped by changing socio-political conditions that destructively affect the socialization of youth.

Key words: terrorism, terrorist act, socio-political determinants, personality of the terrorist.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.016

Zh.A. GORYACHEVA Director, GAPOU JSC "Astrakhan College of art fashion industry", Astrakhan, Russia

A.G. VIKTOROV Doctor of Philosophy (Phd), Professor RAM, Academician MOAN, Teacher, GAPOU JSC "Astrakhan College of art fashion industry" Astrakhan, Russia

S.N. USHAKOVA Teacher, GAPOU JSC "Astrakhan College of art fashion industry", Astrakhan, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE PERSONALITY IN HISTORY. PATRIOTISM, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR HEROES

The article attempts to analyze the materials of the archival fund of the Astrakhan College of Art Fashion Industry JSC in order to identify the biographical data of participants in a special military operation (SVO) who were educated at this college.

Of particular scientific interest are the data obtained during the study of archival sources, which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

The key aspect of the paradigm of perception of these works by the authors is based on a stable postulate, directly or indirectly confirming that it is possible to raise a patriot and a hero of one's homeland only under the condition of complex interaction of all spheres of socio-political development, including educational, as a cornerstone of formation, socialization and harmonious development of a comprehensively developed personality.

In the course of the study, the authors used both general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and private scientific methods and principles characteristic of historical science (objectivity, systemic and historicism).

Key words: education, patriotism, educational institutions, socio-political development, Astrakhan region, special military operation, heroes of the SVO.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.017

A.I. MININ Postgraduate student of the Autonomous Non-Commercial Organization of Higher Education "Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy", Moscow, Russia

ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS OF MERGER OF MUNICIPALITIES IN RUSSIAN PRACTICE

In this scientific work, the author briefly analyzes the advantages and problems of merger of municipalities in Russian practice. To do this, the author, first of all, considers the essence of the process of territorial transformations as such, its features, analyzing, among other things, statistical indicators of implementation in Russian practice. Then the author goes directly to the consideration of two directions of territorial transformations, their advantages and disadvantages, including accompanying the theoretical part with practical examples. The object of this scientific study is the advantages and problems of merger of municipalities in Russian practice. The purpose of this scientific study is a comprehensive, consistent analysis of the advantages and problems of merger of municipalities in Russian practice. Methods of this scientific study: formal-legal, comparative analysis, dialectical, generalization, specification, systematization, deduction, other methods of theoretical and practical levels of scientific knowledge. The scientific novelty of this scientific research lies in the preparation of a comprehensive study, the formation of the author's conclusions regarding the advantages and problems of the unification of municipalities in Russian practice. This scientific article, therefore, will be useful to theorists, practitioners, students and faculty of economic and other areas of training, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the advantages and problems of the unification of municipalities in Russian practice and the experience of territorial transformations in general.

Key words: territorial structure, federal structure, territorial transformations, municipalities, current state, unification.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.018

T.S. SMIRNOVA Postgraduate student at RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

NATIONALIZATION POLICY: THEORETICAL ASPECT

The most important direction of state economic policy is regulation of public sector, and in it – the policy of nationalization. The significance of this policy becomes extremely important in critical moments of history, which is today's situation in the world. In this regard, the problems of development of nationalization policy, including its theoretical aspects, seem extremely relevant. The article considers the definition of nationalization policy, its goals, objectives and forms, as well as the factors influencing it.

Key words: nationalization, privatization, set of measures, property, state control, public interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.019

I.L. TRUNOV Ph.D. in Law, professor, Lawyer, Deputy Chairman of the International Union of Lawyers, Chairman of the Presidium of the international Law firm “Trunov Ivar and Partners”, Moscow, Russia

L.K. AYVAR Ph.D. in Law, professor, lawyer, Deputy Chairman of the Union of Lawyers of Russia, Moscow, Russia

DEMOGRAPHICS. SURROGACY. HUMAN TRAFFICKING. CONFLICT OF LEGAL REGULATION

In Russia for the first time, the civil institution of infertility treatment with the use of surrogate maternity is qualified as a criminal offense. In different regions of Russia, the same type of criminal cases of criminal law qualification was initiated under Art. 127.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

A new type of crime has appeared, qualified under Article 127.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation – the participation of single men in assisted reproductive technology programs using surrogacy.

Key words: assisted reproductive technologies, biotechnologies, children of the future, donor material, surrogacy, human trafficking, single men, infertility.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.020

V.I. BEZRUCHENKO Ph.D. in political science, Colonel (Ret.), Deputy Chairman of the International Independent Commission for Investigation of Sufferings of Serbs in Sarajevo, Saint Petersburg, Russia

CROATIAN NATIONALISM IN SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA 1950s-1991

This study is devoted to the issue of genesis of Croatian ethnic nationalism in socialist Yugoslavia. The study analyses the reasons for growth of radical Croatian nationalism and associated Serb-Croat contradictions, formation and program of the Croatia Democratic Union, and political views of its leader and the first president of Croatia Franjo Tudjman, as well as the reasons and outcome of the Serb-Croat conflict of 1991-1995.

Key words: nationalism, ushasha, Serb-Croat relations, Croatian Democratic Union, ideology of Croatian nationalism, Maspok, ethnic conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.021

A.R. GONCHARENKO Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

WESTERN TECHNOLOGIES AND INSTRUMENTS OF INFLUENCE ON THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF HYBRID WAR (ON MATERIALS OF CENTRAL ASIA)

In the conditions of the hybrid war waged by the West against the Russian Federation, Central Asia continues to be a place of clash of interests of great powers. The sphere of education is one of the most important, because the struggle for younger generation's minds is being waged.

The aim of the work is to identify technologies and tools used by the West at the present stage to influence the educational system of Central Asia.

The objectives are to identify the goals pursued by the West in implementing projects in the field of science and education in the Central Asian republics and to characterize the hybrid technologies used by Western countries.

Methodology: general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative and systematic approaches, analysis of regulatory acts governing the process of implementing educational policy in the Central Asian republics and financing.

Results. It was revealed that the actors implementing educational policy in the republics are state bodies of Western states, non-governmental organizations controlled by them, and private universities. The instruments are educational exchanges of students and teachers, joint educational programs, provision of additional education, advanced training, professional retraining under programs provided by the United States and its allies, distribution of educational materials compiled by the West for schools and universities, construction of infrastructure facilities, assistance in reforming the educational systems of the republics.

Conclusions. The government agencies and departments of the USA, the UK and their allies are aimed at promoting their own foreign policy interests related to preserving the existing world order, for which at the moment it is necessary to win the confrontation with Russia. Education is used to promote the values recognized by the West as the only true ones, and to form a network of supporters and agents of influence in the region.

Key words: hybrid warfare, education, national security, hybrid technologies, Central Asia, countering foreign interference.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.022

Yu.V. LUKINA Senior Lecturer, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

A NEW PHASE OF COGNITIVE WARFARE AGAINST RUSSIA AGAINST THE BACKDROP OF AGGRAVATED INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE COLLECTIVE WEST IN THE PERIOD OF THE SMO

This article explores a new phase of cognitive warfare directed against Russia against the backdrop of the SMO. The information space is filled with attacks emanating from various media sources of Western states. It is necessary to analyze information and propaganda campaigns, previously not conducted on such a scale, which became possible due to the use of new technologies and artificial intelligence. All countries of the world are involved in information campaigns to a greater or lesser extent. The author of the article analyzes such weapons as fakes, disinformation, covering the events allegedly taking place on the “second front” deployed against the Russian Federation. The article also gives a content analysis conducted among young people, revealing the degree of awareness of fakes. The author lists different measures used by countries to limit the flow of fakes that influence the consciousness of the population and subsequently lead to possible protest actions. In view of the relevance of the topic of propaganda and disinformation, recommendations are given on how to counter the information war directed against the Russian Federation.

Key words: cognitive warfare, disinformation, SMO, collective West, propaganda, fakes, Telegram.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.023

L.S. RUBAN Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Head Researcher of V.V. Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations and Institute Economical Strategies, Moscow, Russia

THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN NEPAL IN THE INTERACTION OF EXTERNAL FACTORS, THE NATURAL COMPONENT AND THE TRADITIONS OF NATURAL CULTURE

In the article, the author traces and analyzes in detail the development of the main branch of the socio-economic system of Nepal, namely tourism, the functioning of which allows this country to solve the problem of employment and the fight against unemployment and total poverty. The development of tourism is shown comprehensively, in close interaction of the influence of external factors, the natural component and the traditions of national culture. The article presents the gradual change of Nepal from a country isolated from the outside world (both by natural conditions – surrounded by the highest mountain system in the world, and by the actions of the internal authorities prohibiting foreigners from entering the country until the early 1950s. Russian Russian trace is also present in the opening of Nepal to the outside world, associated with the activities and contributions of Russian citizen B.N. Lisanevich, an artist of the Diaghilev Russian Ballet, who successfully proved himself in the field of management in the hotel and restaurant business, who rendered invaluable services to the Nepalese royal authorities. Lesanevich brought it the first group of European tourists came to Nepal, opened the first fashionable hotel in Nepal, promoted Russian products in this country, and organized the 300 Club to develop effective communication between the local middle class and the elite with foreigners. All this also contributed to the development of sports tourism in Nepal – the mountaineering boom began, in which representatives of not only European countries, but also China, Japan, USA and New Zealand participated and are taking part. The author notes the broad support of the Nepalese authorities for the promotion of the centuries-old culture and history of Nepal, the preservation of historical monuments of this country, taking into account the religious component, for which numerous pilgrimage projects are organized, because the country is the Birthplace of the Buddha. Ecological and agricultural tourism is also developing, especially since the country has unique animals and plants living in the highlands.

Key words: Nepal, Kathmandu, Pokhara, Chitwan Park, Stupa, Everest (Jomolungma), Buddhism, Buddha, historical tourism, sports tourism, eco-tourism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.024

D.V. BRATKOVSKAYA Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

Ya.D. ROGOVA Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

S.A. TOKAREVA Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE LINGUISTIC STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING NATIONAL UNITY IN MULTICULTURAL COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF RUSSIA

The article examines linguistic strategies aimed at building and strengthening national unity in multinational and multicultural countries, with a focus on the case of Russia. Special attention is given to the historical evolution of language policies in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and the Russian Federation. Modern approaches to supporting the Russian language as the main means of interethnic communication and the preservation of cultural diversity through the development of minority languages are analyzed. The rhetorical techniques used in media and social networks to promote the idea of a multinational Russia are explored, as well as the role of social networks in shaping national identity among young people. The conclusion discusses the prospects for the development of language policy in the context of globalization and the necessity of maintaining a balance between integration and the preservation of the cultural characteristics of Russia's peoples.

Key words: linguistic strategies, national unity, multinational countries, Russian language, language policy, minority languages, social networks, media, national identity, globalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.025

G.A. MELKONYANTS South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

THE TRANSFORMATION OF GEOPOLITICAL THREATS TO THE SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CONFLICT IN THE 2020S.

The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of geopolitical threats to the security of the Russian Federation in the context of the global conflictogenicity of the modern world. The study highlights the key causes and events that provoked the chaotic and bifurcation nature of the current phase of global politics, which expands the spectrum and changes the content of geopolitical threats to Russia. Based on local and global geopolitical analysis, the author differentiates new challenges and dangers into threats of the "first" (border and internal) and "second" (world) orders. Threats of the "first" order consist in the formation of an extremely conflictual environment in the territories bordering the Russian Federation, as well as within Russia itself through an expanded toolkit of military and political influence. In turn, threats of the "second" order cannot be solved within the framework of a special political response and ensuring the national security of only one state, they require collective and decisive measures to neutralize them. In the course of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that in order to effectively counter these threats to the Russian Federation, an optimal combination of basic principles of military security is necessary, and the search for the safest formula for the transition to a multipolar world lies in line with the consolidation of peoples and countries that disagree with Western hegemony and an attempt to convince the United States that it is necessary to build an international security system only taking into account the equal interests and collective efforts of other political poles.

Key words: geopolitical threats, security, Russia, multipolar world, global politics, conflictogenicity, threats of the "first" and "second" orders.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.026

O.G. PARAMUZOVA Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of International and Humanitarian Law, North-West Institute of Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Saint Petersburg, Russia

A.R. ROSALES Student of the SZIU RANHIGS, Saint Petersburg, Russia

THE HISTORICAL ASPECT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL CLAIMS IN ANTARCTICA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEED TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF IMPROVING THE MECHANISM OF LEGAL REGULATION

The article is devoted to the study of historical aspects of the emergence and development of territorial claims in the international relations of states in Antarctica. The relevance of this study directly follows from the prevailing trends in world politics. Firstly, the Antarctic precedent can become an example of the division of important and significant territories for all mankind and help in the event of a newly formed conflict to establish legal regulation over any territory without preponderance towards any state. Secondly, Antarctica is a continent that is not subject to the sovereignty of any country, which makes it a unique place for international cooperation and peaceful use, and due to modern geopolitics and political decisions of certain states in relation to each other, as well as decisions of unions and communities of countries in relation to certain states The Antarctic use regime may soon be called into question by the world community in order to limit the activities of any country on the continent. Also, do not forget that Antarctica plays a key role in maintaining the global climate system. The study and protection of its unique ecosystem requires clear and effective legal regulation. Relevance is directly related to the degree of development of the topic. The bottom line is that modern researchers analyze the Antarctic Treaty from the point of view of the stage of the historical development of international law, however, for example, the question of amending the Treaty is either not raised by researchers at all, or is raised, but without clear proposals for improvement. At the same time, the process of bringing to justice for its violation in most cases is described only in general terms without specifics.

Key words: territorial claims in Antarctica, historical aspects, the international legal status of Antarctica, the Antarctic Argument of 1959.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.027

N.S. SEMENOV Postgraduate student, Department of Oriental Political Studies, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE GEOPOLITICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CHINA'S ‘ONE BELT, ONE ROAD’ INITIATIVE IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION

The article is devoted to the geopolitical aspects of the implementation of the PRC's "One Belt, One Road" initiative in the Asia-Pacific region. The BRI is a strategic project aimed at creating a so-called China-centric global economic system. Despite its potential benefits, the initiative causes considerable concern from the countries of the "Global West", as it strengthens China's influence in the international arena, exacerbating economic and political rivalry with the United States.

It is noted that the initiative is becoming one of the key topics of the geopolitical confrontation between the United States and China. The peculiarity is that China's approach to this rivalry does not fit into the traditional framework of the Cold War. Beijing is striving to develop its economic and military capabilities while maintaining a strategic balance, including strengthening relations with Russia.

The article also describes various economic and geopolitical challenges faced by Western countries, such as deindustrialization and growing foreign debt. Instead of an effective counter-strategy, the United States often resorts to reactive actions, which casts doubt on its ability to counter Chinese ambitions.

The article also examines China's relations with neighboring countries such as Japan and India. Japan, although it has its own concerns about BRI, is considering the possibility of interaction with China, which demonstrates Tokyo's pragmatic approach. India, on the other hand, is trying to counter China by reforming its own economic strategies and participating in alternative initiatives.

Thus, the article emphasizes that the BRI not only changes the economic landscape of the region, but also poses a significant challenge to traditional international power structures, which requires a new strategy from Western countries in response to this challenge. In the future, the successful development of the BRI can become a critical factor in determining the future economic and political structure of the region.

Key words: geopolitics, geoeconomics, infrastructure and economic corridors, Belt and Road Initiative, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.028

CHAO BINGQING Postgraduate student of the Department of Geopolitics of the FGS, Moscow State University Moscow, Russia

WANG XIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Geopolitics of the FGS, Moscow State University Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S "SOFT POWER" AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SOLVING GLOBAL PROBLEMS

The concept of "soft power" has become a key element of China's foreign policy in recent decades. In the context of globalization and increasing international competition, China utilizes soft power to strengthen its influence on the global stage. This concept, introduced by American political scientist Joseph Nye, refers to a nation's ability to achieve its goals not through military or economic pressure, but through cultural, ideological, and diplomatic influence. The goal of this study is to analyze how China applies soft power to address global challenges and assess its effectiveness in shaping a positive national image and enhancing international cooperation. The research aims to examine the main directions of China's soft power use, as well as analyze the role of Chinese media and cultural projects in promoting national interests. Qualitative research methods were employed, including the collection and analysis of documents, reports, and publications on China's policies, along with a comparative study of soft power practices used by other countries, such as the United States, Japan, and the European Union. The results demonstrate that China actively uses soft power to create a positive international image. The primary areas of focus include cultural diplomacy through initiatives like Confucius Institutes, investments in educational programs, support for the film industry, and the promotion of the Chinese language. The conclusions drawn indicate that China’s soft power is a crucial tool in its foreign policy and plays a significant role in addressing global challenges. As global competition intensifies and geopolitical shifts occur, China's soft power will continue to evolve, but its successful implementation will require consideration of cultural and political differences between countries.

Key words: soft power, China, foreign policy, cultural diplomacy, globalization, international cooperation, Confucius Institutes, media resources, educational programs, positive image, national interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.029

YUAN CHENZHAO Master's degree, University of Melbourne China

QIAN CHEN Phd in economics, Haina HIC Research Center, Yangze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China

INTER-PARTY COOPERATION AMID THE RISE OF GREAT POWERS: A COMPARISON OF PARTY-BUILDING MODELS IN CHINA AND RUSSIA IN THE NEW GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

Inter-party cooperation between China and Russia amid their rise as great powers represents an important aspect of new global governance. Both countries seek to strengthen their positions on the international stage by developing their own political models based on their unique history, political culture, and strategic interests. While their models of party building share certain similarities, they also feature significant differences that reflect the specifics of each country. One of the most important aspects of inter-party cooperation between Russia and China is the exchange of experience in managing state and political structures. In recent years, contacts between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and "United Russia" have intensified, including regular high-level meetings, exchanges of delegations, and participation in various forums aimed at enhancing mutual understanding and cooperation. This cooperation is seen as a way to create a united front against Western pressure and to promote alternative governance models on the world stage. China is actively developing initiatives aimed at strengthening its international influence, such as the "Belt and Road Initiative," and seeks to integrate its economic and political interests with partners around the world. Russia, in turn, focuses on reinforcing its position as one of the key players in a multipolar world, cooperating with China within frameworks such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and BRICS.

Key words: inter-party cooperation, China, Russia, party-building, global governance, rise of great powers, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.030

BINISH Graduate student, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

APPROACHES OF NEW DELHI’S TOWARDS CENTRAL ASIA DURING VARIOUS HISTORICAL PERIODS

This article analyzes India’s approaches towards the states of the Central Asian region within the framework of New Delhi’s Central Asian outlook from 2011 to 2022. The great importance of this region to India is discussed, along with the strategies and specific features.

The Author examines these initiatives in this paper’s context of the emerging regional geostrategic landscape. India has moved its regional policy from the ‘Look North’ paradigm to ‘Connect North’ to enhance economic and strategic ties. Notably, SCO’s membership offers India more significant collaborations to play an active involvement in the region. India is therefore prepared to establish deeper collaborations with the area within the framework of new [20] geopolitical changes shaping Central Asia (modern Central Asia states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan). More importantly, the region seeks to participate actively. It is stated that New Delhi's implementation of its many agreements and obligations is necessary to continue the start of a new age of cooperation spearheaded by Prime Minister Modi. Although strengthening bilateral relations with the region is essential, working closely in regional groupings will also help address regional economic and security challenges.

Key words: Central Asia, New Delhi, Connect Central Asia Policy, Russia.

PUBLICATION REVIEW

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.031

D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of History of Russia, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Moscow, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN MODERN RUSSIA (REVIEW OF PUBLICATIONS)

Reflections on and in connection with reviews of scientific articles are not a detailed tracing of the analysis of the structure of the material that some authors of publications presented. This is a pretext and reason for analyzing the concept and stage-by-stage development of the religious situation in Russia, a description of the religious and church experience in the ideas and consciousness of its researchers. The results of the analysis showed that, firstly, the religious situation declares its diversity of forms and actions of active influence on the relations between the state and the church, and on the intra-confessional-church relations and connections; secondly, the ideas and assessments of the nature of the religious situation become more rigid and unambiguous, and the background environment fills the entire spectrum of relations of the object and subject of the religious situation with contradictions. The modern religious situation in Russia, due to its inclusion in the particularities of the current moment, raises the mystery of revelation and scientific knowledge to an unprecedented level for everyone, believer or atheist.

Key words: state, religions, religious situation, secular power, religiosity.