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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 14. Issue 7 (112), 2024

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY. ETHNO-NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ISSUES

• Abrosimov N.S. The Coup of November 18, 1918 and Admiral Kolchak Through the Eyes of His Contemporaries
• Voropaev N.N. The Significance of the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation in the Formation of a New Legislative Body of State Power in the Ryazan Region
• Mineev A.I., Vasiliev N.S., Shchiptsova A.V. Using the GDELT Global Database to Study the Activities of the Russian Political Elite of the 20th Century: from Lenin to Khrushchev
• Smolyanko I.A. Estates of Representatives of the Mordvinov Family: Influence on the Cultural Situation in Russia
• Ilmiev R.I. Apartment Buildings in Moscow at the Turn of the XIX-XX Centuries: a Mirror of Entrepreneurial Activity
• Kaziyev R.M. Dynamics of Political Power in the Dagestan Region in the 1860s-1870s: Historical Overview and Political Changes
• Kulakov I.V., Berseneva L.V. Antireligious Propaganda and School Practice in 1923
• Mukhametzyanov M.S. The Museum of the Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering as the Most Important Factor in Preserving the Historical Memory of the University
• Tereshchenko O.V. Fyodor Andreevich Shcherbina about the Local History and Nomadic Culture of the Kuban Cossacks

THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS

• Pankov A.V. Current Concepts and Directions of Modern Domestic Theoretical and Methodological Discussions, Representing the Civilizational-Elitist Approach: "Coevolutionary Development" and "Eurasianism"

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, ETHNOPOLITICAL PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Starostin A.M., Gajiev M.M. Problems of Managing International Relations in Modern Russia: a Constructivist Approach
• Makeeva E.A., Makeeva I.A., Efankina K.V., Golova A.P. Student Groups in the System of the Youth Self-Development
• Lu Xiao. Current Recruitment System Chinese Government Employees
• Tarakanova S.M., Egorova A.M. The Role of Parties in the Symbolic Dimension of Political Space
• Bokova E.I. Educational Initiatives of the United Russia Parliamentary Party in the Period from 2013 to 2024

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

• Gryadunov Yu.Yu. Problems and Prospects for the Integration of Traditional Values into Modern Russian Society
• Fandyushin M.V. Improving the Classification of Urban Electric Transport
• Kolesnikov A.I. Technocratic Legitimization and Digitalization in Modern Russia

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• Nikolaev N.P. Climate Policy in a Multipolar World
• Nazarov A.D. Features of the Development of the Ethnomigration Situation in Russia and the World in the Conditions of Fragmentation of International Relations
• Surma I.V. International Legal Features of Cybersecurity in the Context of High-Technology Crime
• Camara S. Postcolonial Ethnopolitical Separatism in Divided Societies (Case of Africa)
• Benyaminov M.V. Russian-English Diplomacy in the Era of the Northern War 1700-1721
• Gabbasova K.R. Muslims in China (a Historiographical Review)
• Gekht A.B., Mitasov V.A. Integration Processes in the Nordic Countries in the Ideological Heritage of Gunnar Myrdal
• Xu Hongliang. Struggle for Soviet Power: the Role of Chinese Volunteers and the Working Class in the Formation of the RSFSR (1917-1922)
• Cao Shengweng, Liu Linyu, Alekseenko O.A. Development of Comprehensive Cooperation Between Partner Countries within the SCO
• Demidov A.V. Russia and the Westphalian Peace
• Bredikhin A.V. The Image of Russia in the View of Chinese Students
• Grebnev R.D. European Union as an Element of a System of Global Governance
• Plotnikov V.S., Dubrovina O.V. Russia and Saudi Arabia: Foreign Policy Turns to the East
• Ignatov D.A. Problems and Prospects of Creating an International Gas Hub in Turkey and Strengthening Russia's Position in this Project
• Zhadan R.A., Nerovnyj A.V., Patrusheva D.A., Tsygonyaeva A.U. Participation of Women in Politics and Public Administration in Modern Turkey
• Leonova K.S. Analysis of Russian and Chinese Activities in the Field of Sustainable Development
• Annenkov V.I., Moiseev A.V. Long-Range Unmanned Aerial Vehiclesin the Ukraine-Russia Armed Conflict
• Al-Yafai Ali Salih. Russia's Relations with the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait in the Trade and Economic Sphere
• Nefedov A.V. Russia's Relations with African Countries: History and Current State

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

• Medvedev N.P., Slizovsky D.E. Contemporary Political Elites: on the Vector of Direction of Russian Research

DOMESTIC HISTORY. ETHNO-NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.001

N.S. ABROSIMOV Senior Lecturer, Ufa State Oil Technological University, Department of Philosophy, History and Social Engineering, Ufa, Russia

THE COUP OF NOVEMBER 18, 1918 AND ADMIRAL KOLCHAK THROUGH THE EYES OF HIS CONTEMPORARIES

The coming to power of Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak in the fall of 1918 is an important event in the history of the Civil War in Russia. The white forces would have won if they had not been led by the Supreme Ruler, and to the extent that this ruler knew and controlled what was happening in the territory entrusted to him. These and many other questions have not yet received a clear answer. In this article, the author tried to collect the diaries and memoirs of the leaders of the white movement, one way or another connected with the figure of the admiral and analyzed the role of Kolchak himself in the coup. How were his subordinates characterized and what hopes did they place on the Supreme Commander-in-Chief? And what was the political situation in Omsk and Siberia in 1918-1919.

Key words: Kolchak, Siberia, Civil War, memoirs, White movement.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.002

N.N. VOROPAEV Postgraduate student of the 1sr year in the field of Historical science and archaeology, profile – National history, Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE 1993 CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE FORMATION OF A NEW LEGISLATIVE BODY OF STATE POWER IN THE RYAZAN REGION

The article is devoted to the topical issue of the formation of a new regional legislative authority. It was the Constitution of the Russian Federation that was the fundamental basis for the formation of legislative authorities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation [5]. The purpose of this work is to analyze the stage of preparation of a new text of the Constitution. The article focuses on its development and adoption. The author notes that the preparation of the new text of the basic law was accompanied by an acute political struggle. As a research task, the author identified an attempt to reveal the specifics of the preparation of a new Constitution. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that it summarizes new material on the topic under study, and new archival documents are involved in scientific circulation for the first time. The study shows that with the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993, the former political system was replaced by a presidential republic with a different type of political relations and institutions, values and norms. The main method used in this study was an integrated approach to the study of historical phenomena. This allowed the author, in the course of his work, to consider the formation of a regional legislative body in the context of real-life social, economic, political relations and processes.

Key words: Constitution of the Russian Federation, Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, President of the Russian Federation, Congress of People's Deputies, Ryazan Regional Council of People's Deputies, Ryazan Regional Duma.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.006

A.I. MINEEV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Interfaculty Basic Laboratory 1C of the Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Cheboksary, Russia

N.S. VASILIEV Assistant of the Department of Computer Science of the Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Cheboksary, Russia

A.V. SHCHIPTSOVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science of the Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Cheboksary, Russia

USING THE GDELT GLOBAL DATABASE TO STUDY THE ACTIVITIES OF THE RUSSIAN POLITICAL ELITE OF THE 20TH CENTURY: FROM LENIN TO KHRUSHCHEV

Understanding various aspects of the formation of the Soviet elite goes far beyond the boundaries of individual branches of the humanities and requires an integrated approach – using sociological and anthropological methods and tools, based on a new methodology associated with interdisciplinary research. The object of the study is the Global Database GDELT, the subject is a study of the activities of the political elite of Russia/Soviet Union in the 20th century and the historical memory of it in society through the media of Russia, China, and the USA. The information presented and analyzed in the article made it possible to test an interdisciplinary methodology through the involvement of digital data and media space in order to obtain commemorative practices aimed at the formation of historical memory.

Key words: global database, GDELT, interdisciplinary methodology, political elite, USSR.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.007

I.A. SMOLYANKO National Research Mordovian State University named after N.P. Ogarev, State Institution of the Republic of Moldova "Scientific Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Russia

ESTATES OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE MORDVINOV FAMILY: INFLUENCE ON THE CULTURAL SITUATION IN RUSSIA

The estates of representatives of the Mordvinov family, who occupy a prominent place in the history of Russia, had a significant impact on the cultural situation of the country. The Mordvinov estates, located in various regions of Russia, became centers of attraction for prominent figures of culture, art and science of that time. The article examines the history of the Mordvinov estates, their architectural and landscape features, as well as the role of these estates in the cultural life of the country.

In particular, the emphasis is on the “Good Wasteland” estate in Yalta and the estate in Lomonosov. It describes how these places became a refuge for many prominent personalities of the time, including Catherine II, Peter III, as well as Ivan Shishkin, Alexander Benois and many others. The transformations that took place on the estates over different historical periods are described, including their use as a rehabilitation hospital during the First World War and subsequent conversion into sanatoriums.

The article also concerns the influence of Nikolai Semenovich Mordvinov, vice admiral and first minister of maritime affairs of the Russian Empire, on the development of the country's maritime infrastructure and economic policy. Special attention is paid to his activities in the field of the Black Sea Fleet and his contribution to the development of the Russian economy.

The article emphasizes that the Mordvinov estates were not only examples of architectural art and places of cultural exchange, but also contributed to the development of social and economic projects, influencing the cultural situation in Russia as a whole.

Key words: cultural situation, representatives, estate, project, estate.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.003

R.I. ILMIEV Postgraduate student Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

APARTMENT BUILDINGS IN MOSCOW AT THE TURN OF THE XIX-XX CENTURIES: A MIRROR OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY

The article focuses on the analysis of entrepreneurial activity associated with the construction and operation of apartment buildings in Moscow during the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, emphasizing their economic and cultural significance. The study aims to analyze the historical role of these apartment buildings in order to appreciate their importance as an economic, social, and cultural phenomenon in urban life.

The main objectives include examining the impact of entrepreneurship on urban development and assessing the contribution of apartment buildings to Moscow's socio-cultural and economic growth. The research methodology relies on diachronic, statistical, and chronological approaches, examining historical sources, plans, photographs, and socio-economic and cultural factors that shaped the formation and operation of these buildings. Special attention is given to the roles of entrepreneurs, investors, and architects in this process. The study has shown that apartment buildings in Moscow at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries played an important role in the city's economic life, attracting investments and creating jobs. The architectural ensembles and design solutions developed during that period had a significant impact on the city's appearance and cultural identity.

The study of these buildings helps us to understand the historical context of Moscow's development and contributes to the more effective preservation and adaptation of its cultural heritage for future generations.

Key words: Moscow, Moscow studies, apartment buildings, homeowners, urban planning, architecture, entrepreneurs, merchants.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.005

R.M. KAZIYEV Postgraduate student, Faculty of History, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

M.M. GASANOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Russian History, Faculty of History, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

DYNAMICS OF POLITICAL POWER IN THE DAGESTAN REGION IN THE 1860S-1870S: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND POLITICAL CHANGES

This article discusses the changes in the political system of the region after the formation of the Dagestan region. The relevance of this topic is due to the need to understand the historical context of political processes in the Dagestan region and their influence on the formation of a new political-administrative system. The conclusions of the work help identify key trends and events that have affected the political sphere of the region during the specified period, as well as analyze the causes and consequences of political changes.

Key words: Dagestan, region, chief, district, naibstvo, administration, power, department.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.008

I.V. KULAKOV Priest, head of commission for canonization of saints in Rybinsk diocese of Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchia), Rybinsk, Russia

L.V. BERSENEVA Specialist of Rybinsk diocese of Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchia), Rybinsk, Russia

ANTIRELIGIOUS PROPAGANDA AND SCHOOL PRACTICE IN 1923

After seize of church valuables action, there was activization of antireligious propaganda in 1923. V. Mayakovsky poetry, publications in Yaroslavl’ newspapers of the period are well illustrated it. In addition of the propaganda there was more cruel acts of Decree on Separation School from Church and school reform realizing. Archive documents and diary of Iraida Tikhova more precise discover the repressive situation with orthodox teachers and Russian Orthodox Church at all in 1923.

Key words: antireligious propaganda, repressions on Orthodox teachers in 1923, school reforming in 1920s.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.009

M.S. MUKHAMETZYANOV Postgraduate student of the Institute of Tatar Encyclopedia and Regional Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia

THE MUSEUM OF THE KAZAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING AS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IN PRESERVING THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF THE UNIVERSITY

This article examines the role and importance of the museum of the Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering as the most important way to preserve the historical memory of the university. It describes the development of the museum in the context of modern technologies, the introduction of digital technologies to increase the attractiveness of the museum and attract visitors. The importance of the museum's funds, their cataloging and electronic support is indicated. The importance of the museum as a resource for studying and respecting the history of architectural and construction education in the region is also emphasized.

Key words: Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, history, science, students, research, architecture, memory, education, heritage, industry, progress, innovation, museum, museification.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.010

O.V. TERESHCHENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of Department of Socio-Economic and Humanitarian Disciplines, Stavropol branch of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Stavropol, Russia

FYODOR ANDREEVICH SHCHERBINA ABOUT THE LOCAL HISTORY AND NOMADIC CULTURE OF THE KUBAN COSSACKS

The article offers an analysis of the main social, military, everyday and territorial aspects that formed the basis of the local history of the Kuban Cossacks, and formed a special semi-nomadic way of life within the framework of the activities of local communities. The relevance of the study determined the need for a more detailed study of the reasons and prerequisites for the formation of the nomadic culture of the Kuban Cossacks, which today corresponds to the national policy for the development of the regional Cossacks of the South of Russia. If we compare the existing system of values of nomadic culture with the peculiarities of the development of the rhizome in botany, we can come to the conclusion that nomadic culture grows the easier, the more its representatives (national, cultural and linguistic) have spaces for growth, opportunities for creative development, actualization of will and realization of primary volitional qualities. A nomad always has divergent thinking, and especially the “great nomad”. In the framework of this study, we use special historical methods, methods of historical anthropology and cultural studies. The results of a study of the consistent evolution of local communities into a kind of synthetic formation, including peasant and Turkic-nomadic segments that determined the way of life of the Cossacks in the XIX century.

Key words: local history, Cossacks, nomadism, city, structure, social attitude, mentality.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.011

A.V. PANKOV Postgraduate student, South-Russia Institute of Management – branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

CURRENT CONCEPTS AND DIRECTIONS OF MODERN DOMESTIC THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL DISCUSSIONS, REPRESENTING THE CIVILIZATIONAL-ELITIST APPROACH: "COEVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT" AND "EURASIANISM"

In the context of the problem of the formation of Russian civilizationally oriented patriotic elites that meet the urgent task of developing Russia as a sovereign state-civilization, the article presents an analysis of current concepts and directions of modern domestic theoretical and methodological discussions representing the civilizational-elitist approach: "coevolutionary development" and "Eurasianism". The author concludes that the identified ideological and theoretical trends in the development of Russia and domestic elitogenesis reflect the current renormalization of the value-oriented foundation of Russian modernization on traditional cultural and civilizational grounds, which can be considered a positive trend in the formation of a Russian civilization-oriented paradigm in political science and the formation of a patriotic elite.

Key words: civilizational approach, civilizational-elitist approach, conservative modernization, state-civilization, traditional values, new world order, coevolutionary development, Eurasianism.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, ETHNOPOLITICAL PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.012

A.M. STAROSTIN Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Leading Researcher of the Rostov State University of Economics, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

M.M. GAJIEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

PROBLEMS OF MANAGING INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN MODERN RUSSIA: A CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH

The article analyzes the basic models of political management of interethnic relations under the following schemes: "conflict", "patronage", "partnership". The authors represent these models not only in the context of adaptation and adjustment of management impacts to the established inter-ethnic "ecology", but also within the framework of the methodology of social constructivism, innovative social technologies. Through them, the best-known political strategies, such as "divide and rule" and "unite and rule", have been designed and sequentially applied to inter-ethnic and inter-ethnic relations. The first strategy is based on "conflict model" technologies. The second is based on the "patronage" and "partnership" model.

Key words: interethnic relations, conflict, patronage, partnership, social constructivism, model, political technologies, political management.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.014

E.A. MAKEEVA Candidate of historic science, associate professor of the department of history and philosophy of the Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

I.A. MAKEEVA Teacher of English gymnasium “SUN”, Penza, Russia

K.V. EFANKINA Student, the chief of the student groups’ Staff Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

A.P. GOLOVA Student, the commissioner of the student groups’ Staff Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

STUDENT GROUPS IN THE SYSTEM OF THE YOUTH SELF-DEVELOPMENT

The formation and development of any state is connected with young people’s integration into socio-political and socio-cultural country activity. Student youth participate in social life not only via education but also through various forms of their own activity, choosing ways of social interaction. Student participation in socio-economic development of the country, manufacturing practice, youth socialization and self-development all these with the help of various ways and methods were realized and are realized in the student groups’ life. The article is devoted to the analysis of the student groups’ activities and their role in the value beliefs formation. In the article special attention is given to the analysis of the student groups’ activities, traditions, mentoring for schoolchildren.

Key words: youth sociology, student groups, self-development, voluntary activity, mentoring, labour upbringing, patriotic upbringing.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.015

LU XIAO Graduate student of the Department of Sociology, Political Science and International Processes of the Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Tambov, Russia

CURRENT RECRUITMENT SYSTEM CHINESE GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES

This article examines the system and sequence of hiring civil servants in China. The criteria for staff selection were studied. The author came to the conclusion that there are three such criteria: meritocracy, quality and specialization. Special attention is paid to the organizational control of the State over personnel procedures. It explains in a special way who can and who cannot become civil servants. The structure and content of the exam as the main form of employment are revealed. A large number of recruitment contests have been proven. Due to its honesty and rigidity, this is an obvious significant advantage of the Chinese civil servant selection system. The main procedures for hiring Chinese civil servants are given. The article analyzes innovations in recruitment activities in recent years, the organization of exams is being reformed and changes are being made to the registration qualification requirements during registration. The author believes that the recruitment of civil servants in modern China is an ever-evolving phenomenon, but the goals and content of modern selection are deeply connected with Chinese history and traditions.

Key words: Personnel, Personnel policy, People's Republic of China, Communist Party of China, Recruitment, Recruitment system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.016

S.M. TARAKANOVA Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Faculty of State and Municipal Administration, Department of Political Institutions, Processes, Technologies, Moscow, Russia

А.М. EGOROVA Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Faculty of State and Municipal Administration, Department of Political Institutions, Processes, Technologies, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF PARTIES IN THE SYMBOLIC DIMENSION OF POLITICAL SPACE

The aim of this article is to delineate the role of political parties within the symbolic dimension of the political sphere. Throughout this piece, the authors explore various approaches to understanding symbols at large, with a special focus on symbols in the context of political interaction. Theoretical insights from T. Parsons on social interaction are employed, highlighting the significance of «expressive symbols» and «propagandists» within political communication. Subsequently, the discussion turns to the specific symbols that constitute the symbolic structure of a political party – «object symbol», «idea symbol», «sound symbol» and «person symbol». Party symbols serve a critically important communicative function between society and authority, playing a pivotal role in political propaganda and the political socialization of society, thereby influencing the formation of political beliefs.

The authors conclude that the symbolism utilized by political parties plays a key role in stabilizing and integrating the political system, facilitating the reproduction and strengthening of political connections within society. However, since the early 2000s, there has been a transformation in Russia's political landscape, characterized by a push towards the consolidation of social and political forces, leading to a simplification of the «political mosaic» and a reduction in the number of parties. This process, in turn, has led to a narrowing of the «symbolic space» and a decrease in pluralism within the public political dialogue, i.e., the formation of a political system dominated by a single actor, thereby distorting the reality of political competition. The authors suggest that in this context, some remaining parties attempt to adapt to new conditions by borrowing rhetorical strategies from others, ultimately leading to a blurring of the boundaries between different political identities and creating an illusion of political diversity.

Key words: symbolic politics, symbolic relationships, symbolic structure of the party, image of the political party, political identity, political symbols.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.018

E.I. BOKOVA PhD candidate, Department of Political Science Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

EDUCATIONAL INITIATIVES OF THE UNITED RUSSIA PARLIAMENTARY PARTY IN THE PERIOD FROM 2013 TO 2024

This article is devoted to the consideration of the initiatives of the parliamentary party "United Russia" in the field of education. The author analyzes the dynamics of the educational initiatives of the party over a period of more than ten years.

The results of the study, conducted on the basis of bills, as well as the provisions of the election programs of the United Russia party for different years, clearly demonstrate the expansion of educational initiatives, as well as the commitment of the parliamentary party to the ideas of continuity of education, ensuring its continuity, introducing and strengthening the values of patriotism in the educational space, unification of educational literature, optimization and modern equipment of school buildings.

Key words: Education, initiatives, parliamentary party, United Russia, draft law, election program, federal law, pre-school education, Russian Federation, modernization.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.019

YU.YU. GRYADUNOV Postgraduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF TRADITIONAL VALUES INTO MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems and prospects for the integration of traditional values into modern Russian society against the backdrop of globalization processes. In the context of strengthening national security and preserving territorial integrity, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 9, 2022 No. 809 puts into effect the “Fundamentals of state policy for the preservation and strengthening of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values.” The study emphasizes the dynamism and multidimensionality of traditional values, their ability for renewal and continuity. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of traditional and universal values in the context of the ethnocultural diversity of Russia.

Key words: traditional values, globalization, national security, spiritual and moral values, ethnocultural diversity, universal values, public policy, Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.020

M.V. FANDYUSHIN Postgraduate student in the field of «Public administration and sectoral policies» of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

IMPROVING THE CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN ELECTRIC TRANSPORT

This article raises the issue of the lack of an up-to-date classifier of urban ground electric transport, which significantly complicates the formation of target indicators necessary for the development of this category of transport, and also complicates the determination of the regions' needs for rolling stock. Outdated classifiers do not reflect the current situation in urban electric transport and significantly complicate the development of transport planning documents. The author proposes a new classification that takes into account the parameters of the existing model range on the market of the domestic manufacturer, as well as in the fleets of electric transport enterprises. This classifier is recommended for inclusion in regulations at the federal level to improve state policy in the field of transport.

Key words: public administration, state policy in the field of transport, urban electric transport, transport development, transport classifier.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.021

A.I. KOLESNIKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences Bunin Yelets State University, Yelets, Russia

TECHNOCRATIC LEGITIMIZATION AND DIGITALIZATION IN MODERN RUSSIA

Power is always inextricably linked with society, which gives it legitimacy – the right to implement political decisions. At the same time, public trust in the government is based on a number of ways that, one way or another, can be indicated in various types of legitimacy. It is natural that the political thought of the XX and XXI centuries so thoroughly approached the conceptualization of the ways in which power achieves unconditional recognition of society. In the 21st century, due to the large-scale digitalization of all spheres of public life, legitimacy begins to be based on completely different principles. The technocratic component and the special qualities of a politician as a technocrat become the basis of legitimization. Similar processes are more or less present in all countries of the world, including modern Russia. The author discusses the technocratic model of government in the 20th century and the problems of legitimizing political power and public life through digitalization in the 21st century.

Key words: Russia, government, legitimization, technocracy, meritocracy, legitimacy, society, digitalization, IT sphere.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.022

N.P. NIKOLAEV Professor of the National Research University «Higher School of Economics», Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Property, Land and Property Relations, Moscow, Russia

CLIMATE POLICY IN A MULTIPOLAR WORLD

The article considers the problem of the effectiveness of the global climate policy implemented by various countries. The author notes that despite the large enough financing of decarbonization projects by different countries, no significant results have been achieved to reduce the rate of global temperature growth. At the same time, it is emphasized that the real counteraction to climate change primarily requires solving the problem of cross-country management of the planet's water resources, which necessitates the construction of a multipolar climate policy. The author concludes that it should be about the priority of the «water climate transition» over the «green» one. The author also comes to the conclusion about the priority of the strategy of «small things» over the strategy of global abstract promises.

Key words: climate policy, multipolar world, water resources, hydropolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.023

A.D. NAZAROV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Member of the Commission on Information Support of the State National Policy of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation on Interethnic Relations, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ETHNOMIGRATION SITUATION IN RUSSIA AND THE WORLD IN THE CONDITIONS OF FRAGMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

This article is devoted to the analysis of the state and prospects for resolving the aggravated migration situation in our country and the world in the context of ensuring international security. Specific mechanisms of this activity, features of its development and implementation in connection with the increased clashes on ethnic grounds, a wave of terrorist attacks, among which the terrorist attack in Crocus City Hall stands out are considered.

Key words: migration policy, illegal migration, tightening of rules for admission to Russian citizenship, foreign experience in the adaptation of refugees and labor migrants.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.025

I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of the National Association for International Information Security, Associate Professor of the Department of International and National Security of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FEATURES OF CYBERSECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF HIGH-TECHNOLOGY CRIME

The article considers the role and significance of high-tech crime in the modern world, shows its distinctive features, such as transnational nature and constant evolution. Since criminals today can carry out their criminal activities from anywhere in the world, and victims and targets of cyberattacks can be located in completely different jurisdictions, the author draws attention to the importance and necessity of revising approaches to combating cybercrime and emphasizes the importance of international cooperation in this area. Particular attention is paid to the importance of the development of normative legal acts and international cooperation to ensure security in the digital environment. The draft Convention on Combating Cybercrime as an alternative to the Budapest Convention, proposed by the Russian Federation and adopted at the final session of the UN Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of a Comprehensive International Convention on Combating the Use of Information and Communication Technologies for Criminal Purposes, is considered. A chronology of the discussions on the UN Convention on Cybercrime is presented.

The author believes that despite the fact that the text of the Convention was partially agreed upon and the final document contains fragments adopted behind the scenes, as well as some of the provisions could not be agreed upon, the adopted draft UN Convention will become the basis for international law enforcement cooperation in the fight against cybercrime, and it can undoubtedly be considered a success of Russian diplomacy, expert community and law enforcement agencies of different countries, as the document will allow to legalize a number of necessary tools at the international level.

Key words: high-tech crime, UN, UN Convention on Cybercrime, international cooperation, Budapest Convention, cybercrime.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.026

CAMARA S. Candidate of the Institute of Philosophy and Socio-Political Sciences of the Southern Federal University, Mali, Bamako

POSTCOLONIAL ETHNOPOLITICAL SEPARATISM IN DIVIDED SOCIETIES (CASE OF AFRICA)

The aim of the work is to identify the features of ethnopolitical separatism in the postcolonial period using Africa as an example. The theoretical and methodological substantiation of the role of political factors in the emergence of ethnic cleavages in divided societies is given. A typology of politicization of ethnic cleavages is proposed. Based on the theory of Social Cleavages Rokkan - Lijphart, taking into account the discursive direction proposed by Russian authors, several perspectives for studying the discourses of divided societies are formulated. The possibilities of constructing the integration of postcolonial divided societies in Africa are described.

Key words: ethnopolitical separatism, postcolonialism, consociativism, divided societies, multi-component societies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.027

M.V. BENYAMINOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History of the Middle Ages and Modern Times, State University of Education, Mytishchi, Russia

RUSSIAN-ENGLISH DIPLOMACY IN THE ERA OF THE NORTHERN WAR 1700-1721

The article examines diplomatic relations between Russia and England during the Northern War of 1700-1721 between Russia and Sweden. The specific diplomatic steps of Russia and England during this period are considered. This article is of interest because, based on the analysis of Russian-British diplomatic relations during the era of the Northern War, it is possible to understand the historical pattern of relations between Russia and Western countries, which remain unchanged today and determine the modern policy of relations between Russia and the West.

Key words: Russia, England, Sweden, Northern war, political balance of power, national interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.004

K.R. GABBASOVA Senior Lecturer at the Department of Economic Theory, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia

MUSLIMS IN CHINA (A HISTORIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW)

The article examines the study of the history of Islam in China in domestic and foreign historiography. It is emphasized that the problem of the legal status of Muslims in China has been developed unevenly and insufficiently in science today. The problems that require further study are identified.

Key words: China, PRC, Muslims in China, Islam in China, Uighurs.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.028

A.B. GEKHT Phd Associate Professor, the head of department of History and Regional Studies, the Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

V.A. MITASOV Bachelor in Foreign Regional Studies The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES IN THE IDEOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF GUNNAR MYRDAL

The present article is devoted to the consideration of scientific views of Gunnar Myrdal (1898-1987), a prominent Swedish socio-political and scientific figure. A major researcher of socio-economic processes, G. Myrdal is one of the central theorists and ideologists of the social-democratic model of the welfare state, which was established in Sweden in the second third of the XX century. The scientist's scientific heritage is also great - outside the Nordic countries he is known as the creator of the Stockholm school of macroeconomics, institutional and sociological direction of scientific thought, substantively echoing Keynesianism. Many provisions formulated by G. Myrdal and his followers were widely reflected in the processes of economic, social and political integration in Scandinavia and Finland, which unfolded in the region of Northern Europe immediately after the end of the Second World War under the leadership of the ruling social-democratic parties. In no small measure, the integration processes in the Nordic countries anticipated similar phenomena in the leading countries of Western Europe, and the ideological and scientific heritage of G. Myrdal continues to attract the attention of various public figures and researchers.

Key words: Gunnar Myrdal, Sweden, integration processes, regional integration, Nordic Council, the Nordic countries.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.029

XU HONGLIANG Senior lecturer, Heihe University Doctoral student of Historical Sciences, Beijing Pedagogical University, Beijing, China

STRUGGLE FOR SOVIET POWER: THE ROLE OF CHINESE VOLUNTEERS AND THE WORKING CLASS IN THE FORMATION OF THE RSFSR (1917-1922)

The relevance of the paper stems from the need to consider international Russian-Chinese relations, especially the role of Chinese workers and volunteers in the establishment of Soviet power. The ideas of the Soviet Russian programme, freedom of equality and fraternity formed the basis of the First Programme of the Chinese Communist Party. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that archival materials, articles by Soviet and Chinese historians reflecting the role of Chinese volunteers in the establishment of Soviet power in the RSFSR are investigated. The main methods are diachronic method (the period from 1917 to 1922 is considered), retrospective method (examination of the role of Chinese volunteers on the basis of archival and contemporary sources), anthropological method (influence of the struggle of Chinese workers on the formation of the ideas of the CPC). The aim of the work is to examine the role of Chinese workers and volunteers in the formation of the RSFSR in 1917-1922. The sources for the study are archival documents («Central State Archive of the Soviet Army», «Central State Archive of the October Revolution and Socialist Construction of the USSR»), issues of «Pravda», «Shen Bao», «Sovetskaya Rossiya», and «Ural» newspapers, research by Soviet and Chinese historians, as well as modern scholars. The author concludes that courage, fortitude, heroism and interest in the ideas of socialist revolution among Chinese workers and volunteers made it possible to convey the ideas of equality and brotherhood to their compatriots and fight for liberation of oppressed peoples.

Key words: RSFSR, Republic of China, Chinese volunteers, Chinese workers, Soviet power, Comintern, Communism, 1917-1922.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.030

CAO SHENGWENG Undergraduate student Globalistics, Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

LIU LINYU Undergraduate student UNESCO Chair for the Study of Global Problems, Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

O.A. ALEKSEENKO Candidate of political sciences Global Processes Department Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE COOPERATION BETWEEN PARTNER COUNTRIES WITHIN THE SCO

The article discusses issues related to the development of comprehensive cooperation between partner countries within the framework of the SCO. The purpose of the study is to study the issues of comprehensive cooperation of partner countries within the SCO, to identify the main features and features. Research methods: analysis, comparison, logical reasoning and many others. The author of the article emphasizes the importance of developing cooperation between partner countries within the framework of the SCO. The concept of "Hehe" is defined. The influence of Confucianism on the formation of Chinese politics is noted. Cooperation between Russia and China has huge potential and prospects for development. The two countries are actively developing partnerships in various fields such as energy, transport, infrastructure, science and technology, agriculture, tourism and culture. An example of such cooperation is the construction of the Southern Gas Pipeline, which will supply Russian natural gas to China, as well as joint projects in the field of information technology and the space industry. Cooperation between Russia and China has a long-term perspective. Both countries are aware of the importance of strengthening their relations and regularly hold consultations on expanding cooperation. This cooperation allows Russia and China to effectively solve global problems and strengthen their position in the international arena. The author examines various areas of cooperation between Russia and China, identifies the main advantages. The prospects for the development of cultural and humanitarian values of Russia and China are studied.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the issues of comprehensive cooperation of partner countries within the SCO, to identify the main features and features.

Methods: the method of analysis, comparison, logical reasoning and many others.

Results: The issues of comprehensive cooperation of the partner countries within the framework of the SCO have been studied. The main features and features are revealed.

Conclusions: The development of comprehensive cooperation between partner countries within the framework of the SCO makes it possible to achieve many goals and objectives in the international arena. First of all, this interaction concerns the development of political, economic, trade relations, as well as the security of countries.

Key words: cooperation, countries, partners, SCO, members, benefits, development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.031

A.V. DEMIDOV PhD in Political Science Associate Professor Moscow Humanitarian and Economic University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA AND THE WESTPHALIAN PEACE

The article examines some aspects of Russia's foreign policy of the XVII century against the background of the Thirty Years' War in Europe and the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia, which officially put an end to this war.

Attention is drawn to the fact that many initiatives associated both with us and in foreign literature with the name of Peter I had their origin from the reign of his predecessors – Mikhail Fedorovich and Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.

Key words: the Time of Troubles, the Moscow Throne, intervention, the Holy Roman Empire, the Baltic Sea, trade, Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Protestantism, Christianity, the Thirty Years' War, Moscow, the Smolensk War, the Peace of Westphalia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.024

A.V. BREDIKHIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia LI INO Master of Sociology at the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMAGE OF RUSSIA IN THE VIEW OF CHINESE STUDENTS

In the context of deepening globalization and increasing frequency of international cultural exchanges between Russia and China, as countries with deep historical roots, it is of particular importance to consider the mutual image of the countries. The elements of its formation are cross-cultural and educational contacts, which include student exchanges. When Chinese students come to the Russian Federation, they not only gain new knowledge, but also enrich themselves culturally and form their own idea of our country. The purpose of this article is to study the image of Russia in the representation of Chinese students, analyze the factors influencing this image and put forward appropriate proposals. The authors come to conclusions about the difficulty of verifying the information received and the need for additional mechanisms in order to constructively shape the image of our country among foreign students.

Key words: China, Chinese students, image of Russia, Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.032

R.D. GREBNEV PhD of Law, Senior Researcher, Deputy Dean for International Affairs, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

EUROPEAN UNION AS AN ELEMENT OF A SYSTEM OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

The European Union as a regional political and economic association of European countries can be considered from the point of view of various approaches and theories in the field of international relations.

In the current state of the system of international relations, the European Union is considered as a politically organized but dependent part of the global governance system, performing supporting functions in the global geopolitical project of the Anglo-Saxon world. Europe's dependent position arises as a result of the control established by the United States over the regional system of international relations in the field of military-political cooperation.

The polarization of international relations based on the principle of states' commitment to one of two globalization projects, led by the United States and the leaders of the world majority, respectively, influenced the differentiation of formats for developing global policy. The concept of multipolarity influences the further decentralization of global governance, implying a strengthening of the role of regional systems for regulating international relations.

From the point of view of the concept of multipolarity, the bodies of the European Union and regional international organizations form an incomplete regional system for regulating international relations, complicated by the geopolitical aspect. In the context of the concept of multipolarity, the positive prospects for the European Union are associated with the formation of the status of one of the equal actors in global politics and the collective pole of a multipolar world. The key condition for the inclusion of the European Union in a decentralized system of global governance in a multipolar world is the exit from the influence of the Anglo-Saxon world, a formal sign of which could be the refusal of European countries to participate in the North Atlantic Alliance and a foreign policy turn towards the Eurasian security system.

To solve research problems, issues of political integration in Europe were studied in a comparative aspect within the geopolitical approach, the theory of new regionalism and the concept of multipolarity. The methodological basis of the study is also formed by systemic, actor and institutional approaches of global studies.

Key words: European Union, global governance, geopolitical approach, globalization of political processes, regionalization of political processes, multipolarity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.017

V.S. PLOTNIKOV PhD in Social Science, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Customs, Siberian State Transport University, Novosibirsk, Russia

O.V. DUBROVINA Doctor of Political Sciences, Full Professor, Professor of the Political Science and Political Management Department, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA AND SAUDI ARABIA: FOREIGN POLICY TURNS TO THE EAST

The article is devoted to the foreign policy of Russia and Saudi Arabia turning to the East. It shows the relevance of Russia's geopolitical rapprochement with the East, the importance to search for partners in the Muslim, including the Arab world.

The events of the first quarter of the 21st century led to rebuilding the world geopolitical architecture and made Russia to turn to the East. In the new geopolitical space, Russia is focusing on multilateral and bilateral cooperation with Saudi Arabia, and it is based on the fact that Saudi Arabia is also turning to the East towards Russia.

The article analyzes the main dimensions and directions of cooperation, shows the uniqueness of both countries, the peculiarities of interaction and tough geographical and economic competition while the countries of the Persian Gulf, the USA, China and European countries are the leading foreign trade partners of Saudi Arabia. In these circumstances it is important for Russia to strengthen its position in relations with the Middle East.

Key words: geopolitics, geographical economics, Saudi Arabia, Middle East.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.013

D.A. IGNATOV Chief Specialist, After-sales service in Africa and Middle East, JSC “Russian Helicopters”, Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL GAS HUB IN TURKEY AND STRENGTHENING RUSSIA'S POSITION IN THIS PROJECT

The article examines the history of the formation of political and economic ties between Russia and Turkey in the 20th century and during the first decades of the 21st century. Special attention is paid to the impact of the current geopolitical and geo-economic crisis on the state of cooperation between countries in various sectors of the economy (with a detailed analysis of relations in the energy sector). An attempt has been made to formulate the main obstacles and opportunities that have arisen against the background of this crisis in terms of the development of the project to create a gas hub in Turkey, as well as options for strengthening Russia's position in this project.

Key words: foreign policy relations, foreign trade, Russian-Turkish energy cooperation, Turkish gas hub.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.033

R.A. ZHADAN Master The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia

А.V. NEROVNYJ Senior lecturer, department of history and regional studies, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia

D.A. PATRUSHEVA Senior lecturer, department of history and regional studies, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia

A.U. TSYGONYAEVA PHD, Associate professor/docent, the Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and regional studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia

PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN POLITICS AND PUBLIC ADMINASTRATION IN MODERN TURKEY

Throughout the history of Turkey women have faced significant restrictions on their participation in public and political activities. In the 20th century, under the influence of the reforms of M.K. Ataturk, women began to participate in the political sphere and occupy important positions in the government, parliament and other key authorities. Nowadays Turkey is demonstrating significant development in various fields and continues its path towards westernization. This article is devoted to a brief analysis of the modern involvement of women in politics and public administration in Turkey, as well as state policy aimed at the development of gender equality in this country.

Key words: politics, women’s organizations, Türkiye, feminism, women’s political rights, M.K. Atatürk, R.T. Erdogan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.034

K.S. LEONOVA PhD in Political Sciences, Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Global Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN AND CHINESE ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The implementation of a new global development model aimed at overcoming both social and socio-natural contradictions is becoming increasingly relevant in the 21st century. The Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China are one of the centers of influence in the modern world. In this regard the policies pursued by these states in the field of global development are of particular interest.

The article analyzes the process of Russian and Chinese transition to sustainable development as the most effective type of global development, identifies the obstacles and achievements of states in this area, determines key mechanisms for implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and examines mutual cooperation between Russia and China on global development issues.

Key words: Russia, China, global development, global challenges, sustainable development, development goals.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.035

V.I. ANNENKOV Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor, Senior Researcher at the Research Center of the Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Balashikha, Russia

A.V. MOISEEV Candidate of Military Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

LONG-RANGE UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLESIN THE UKRAINE-RUSSIA ARMED CONFLICT

The article considers that in 2024, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, according to the materials of the German newspaper Bild, will be able to strike Russian targets in the Urals and even in the Arctic using long-range unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Moreover, these UAVs and components for their assembly in Ukraine will be supplied by 10 Western companies. It has been established that by supplying UAVs, the collective West is trying to avoid the emergence of a regional war with the direct participation of NATO countries and continue the Ukraine-Russia war to ensure the depletion of Russia's resources necessary to achieve the goals of a special military operation. It is noted that for Ukraine, UAVs are weapons for committing terrorist acts on the territory of Russia. The United States and NATO countries are direct sponsors and technical accomplices of terrorist acts through the supply of UAVs. It is shown that at present there is a threat of nuclear terrorism from Ukraine in relation to Russia, and the level of this threat is quite high. It has been established that the United States, forming information support for Ukrainian UAVs, participates in terrorist acts on the territory of Russia. It is emphasized that the conclusion of some Western experts that missiles are the past, the future of UAVs is very controversial. It was noted that the armed conflict in Ukraine for NATO countries is a testing ground for new weapons of destruction, information and control systems, communication systems and target designations. It has been established that by striking deep into Russia with the help of UAVs, Ukraine wants to destabilize the internal situation in the country, cause dissatisfaction with the state authorities, undermine the economy of the state, and influence the moral and psychological climate in the country. Such strikes, according to US experts, can be a catalyst for the "color revolution" in Russia. In conclusion, it was noted that Russia needs a new air defense structure and the supply of new means of hitting air targets in the necessary quantities.'

Key words: long-range unmanned aerial vehicles, regional war, hybrid war, international terrorism, nuclear terrorism, special military operation, "color revolution", information support.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.036

AL-YAFAI ALI SALIH Postgraduate student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA'S RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AND KUWAIT IN THE TRADE AND ECONOMIC SPHERE

The article examines the features of bilateral relations between Russia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Kuwait in the trade and economic sphere. The current economic development of the UAE and Kuwait, as well as the features of their cooperation with Russia, are analyzed. The main emphasis is placed on the positive dynamics and potential for growth and expansion of these relations, especially in the context of global economic instability. Recognition of the existing difficulties in the development of bilateral relations and the proposed directions for further development demonstrate a deep and comprehensive analysis of the situation.

Key words: Russia, UAE, Kuwait, bilateral relations, cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.037

A.V. NEFEDOV Ph.D. student, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA'S RELATIONS WITH AFRICAN COUNTRIES: HISTORY AND CURRENT STATE

The article examines the main stages in the development of Russia's relations with African countries. The Soviet period laid the foundation for Russian-African cooperation, but the difficulties of the 1990s led to a sharp reduction in contacts. The initiatives of the early 2000s were scattered, and the priority of Africa did not change in Russia's foreign policy concepts during a long period. The turning point can be considered the period of the late 2000s - early 2010s, when Russia again began to pursue an active foreign policy course in the African direction. The Russia-Africa Forums held in 2019 and 2023 were a significant success of Russian diplomacy. The interest of political, scientific and business circles in the African continent has noticeably increased. The author concludes that, although there are some difficulties in cooperation with Africa (lack of funding, freezing of some projects), this direction of Russia's foreign policy continues its dynamic development.

Key words: Russia, Africa, military cooperation, concept of foreign policy.

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.038

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL ELITES: ON THE VECTOR OF DIRECTION OF RUSSIAN RESEARCH

The article attempts to provide a scientific review of publications by Russian researchers in recent years on the problems of modern Russian elites. It provides a description of modern models for studying Russian leadership and the political elite. The importance of female leadership is examined separately. The importance of traditional Russian values in the education of modern political leaders is emphasized.

Key words: political elite, research focus, scientific publications, charismatic leader, civilizational format, patriotic discourse, traditional Russian values.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 14. Issue 8 (113), 2024

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY.

ETHNONATIONAL AND REGIONAL ISSUES

• Abgaryan V.S. Historical Conditions for the Revival of Military Traditions of the Russian Army on the Eve of the Great Patriotic War (1930-1941)
• Voropaev N.N. The Activity of the Ryazan Regional Council of People's Deputies During the Political Crisis in the Late 80s – Early 90s of the XX Century
• Gaverdovsky A.V., Agarev A.F. The Elimination of Illiteracy in the Ryazan Province in 1919-1920
• Nagornaya M.A. Economic Strategies of Peasant Women in a Migrant Family at the Stage of Economic Settlement of Migrants in Western Siberia in the Second Half of the XIX – Beginning of the XX Centuries
• Shavlaeva T.M. Clergy of the Historical Region of Chechnya Cheberloi: Manuscript of Esambay Akuev (Based on Field Research Materials)
• Mulevaya M.S. The Phenomenon of Jewry in the Provincial Space of the Late 19th – at the Beginning of 20th Centuries on the Example of the Saratov Province
• Rubtsov S.N., Borodin M.P., Zuev A.V. Merchant Shipping in the Russian Empire in the Second Half of the XIX – Beginning of the XX Centuries (Based on the Materials of the Magazine “The Sea and its Life”)

THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS

• Prianichnikov N.O. Political and Philosophical Foundations of Some of the Modernist Theories of Nation
• Gromov M.A. History and Theoretical Aspects of the Study of Hybrid Regimes
• Wang Chunxue, Du Ying, Wang Yanan. A Study of the Way and Practice of Studying Chinese Modernisation in the Border Regions of Heilongjiang Province in China

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Pescherov Yu.G. The Relationship Between Climatic and Environmental Factors in Political Decision-Making
• Sin A.L. The Post-Secularity of Russian Society: Conceptual and Theoretical Understanding of the Causes of the Phenomenon
• Abduragimov Z.E. Prevention of Terrorism with the Help of Political Technologies

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

• Torik N.Yu. On the Issue of Forming a Model for Supporting Innovative Activities of Enterprises in the Industrial Sector in the Russian Federation
• Gandaloeva Z.M. Strategic Development of the North Caucasus in the Modern Period in Connection with New Challenges
• Gomelauri A.S. Interregional Cooperation on Arctic Issues: Current Specifics and Prospects
• Petrov E.S. On Some Specific Features of the Influence of Russian Federalism on the Regional System of State Authority
• Aliyev Sh.O. Contemporary Problems of Regulation of External Migration to the Russian Federation and Ways to Solve Them
• Gryadunov Yu.Yu. Relationship of National Ideology and Education System in Russia

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• Demidov A.V. Some Aspects of Russia's Foreign Policy During the Reigns of the First Russian Tsars of the Romanov Dynasty
• Zhumabekov M.U., Syzdykova Zh.S. International Transport Corridor "North-South": Ways of Forming Eurasian Logistics
• Wang Xin. Economic War in the Conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict: Types, Consequences and China's Overcoming Strategies
• Shitikova Yu.A. Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in the Military Sphere of the People's Republic of China
• Grebnev R.D. Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Global Governance
• Ryzhenkov A.S. New Approaches of the Turkish Good Party to Promoting Pan-Turkist Ideas and Values During the Chairmanship of M. Akşener
• Alyafai Ali Saleh. Crisis in Relations Between Qatar and the Three Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
• Chen Zihao. Features of Diplomacy of Chinese Transnational Corporations
• Ivliev I.I. Prospects for Creating a Collective Security System in South Asia
• Kim Juyeong. Features of Russia's Relationship with the Arctic Council
• Lapshakov G.S. Contradictions Between Japan's Historical Policy and Okinawa's Historical Memory: Exhibitions at the Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum and the Yushukan Museum
• Makharadze D.M. Business Associations in the Political Space of Post-Soviet Countries
• Nefedov A.V. Russia's Interests in the Central African Republic: Based on Interviews with Foreign Experts
• Semenov N.S. The Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Impact of Infrastructure and Economic Corridors of the PRC's Belt and Road Initiative in South and South-Eastern Asia
• Shishov G.O. Global Challenges for the Development of the EAEU
• Rad'kova T.V. Strategic Culture of the Italian Republic in the Context of Foreign Policy Priorities

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

• Medvedev V.N., Slizovsky D.E., Medvedev N.P. Contemporary Federalism and Administrative-Political Stability of the State

DOMESTIC HISTORY.

ETHNONATIONAL AND REGIONAL ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.001

V.S. ABGARYAN Adjunct Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military University», Moscow, Russia

HISTORICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE REVIVAL OF MILITARY TRADITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY ON THE EVE OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (1930-1941)

The article is devoted to the study of the objective conditionality of the revival of military traditions of the Russian army on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. The main attention is paid to the analysis of military-historical conditions that prompted the leadership of the USSR to reconsider the unconditional priority of the class basis of state ideology and direct efforts to consolidate society through the formation of Soviet patriotism.

It is concluded that the need for the formation of national-state patriotism is due to the course taken since the early 1930s to build socialism in one separate country. It is emphasized that this turn in the theoretical and practical activities of the party and state bodies led to the restructuring of the entire system of Soviet historical education, to the return of national patriotic values and ideals of Russian statehood as the axiological basis of state ideology. In this restructuring, the entire rich potential of Russian education, science, literature and art was actively, purposefully and widely used.

The author concludes that without a decisive transition to national patriotic positions and the revival of military traditions in the pre-war years, victory in the Great Patriotic War would have been impossible.

Key words: the Great Patriotic War, military traditions, political work, the East Prussian strategic offensive operation, the education of personnel.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.002

N.N. VOROPAEV Postgraduate student of the 1sr year in the field of Historical science and archaeology, profile – National history Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

THE ACTIVITY OF THE RYAZAN REGIONAL COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S DEPUTIES DURING THE POLITICAL CRISIS IN THE LATE 80S – EARLY 90S OF THE XX CENTURY

The relevance of the research topic is due to the significant impact of the deep political crisis that began in 1988 and manifested itself in the confrontation between the Supreme Council and the President of the Russian Federation and, ultimately, marked the beginning of the creation of a completely new type of public administration. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive and comprehensive analysis of the process of increasing crisis phenomena in the Soviet political system in the late 80s – early 90s of the XX century. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the study of the activities of the Ryazan Regional Council of People's Deputies during the political crisis. As a result of the study of the problem, new archival documents were involved in scientific circulation for the first time, a new interpretation of newspaper and magazine publications was given, taking into account their comparison with other historical sources. As a methodological basis for the study of the problem, the author uses an integrated approach to the study of historical phenomena. This helped to take into account not only socio-political conditions and legal norms, but also cultural factors that influenced the process of formation and functioning of the system of executive and legislative authorities in the Ryazan region.

Key words: Constitution of the Russian Federation, Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, President of the Russian Federation, Congress of People's Deputies, Ryazan Regional Council of People's Deputies, Ryazan Regional Duma.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.003

A.V. GAVERDOVSKY Postgraduate student of Historical science and archaeology, profile – National history Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

A.F. AGAREV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Russian History and Methods of Teaching History and Social Studies, Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

THE ELIMINATION OF ILLITERACY IN THE RYAZAN PROVINCE IN 1919-1920

The article substantiates the idea that the October Revolution of 1917 made its own adjustments to the solution of adult education issues. The circumstances were such that it was necessary to determine the directions and practical measures of local authorities to eliminate illiteracy as soon as possible.

Considerable attention is paid to the peculiarities of the fight against illiteracy in the Ryazan region. Based on the analysis, it was found that the lack of experience in such work inevitably required from managers of all degrees of these areas, more than anywhere else, broad and flexible ingenuity, creative initiative, great independence and increased responsibility. In modern conditions, the relevance of the study is due to the fact that already at a new historical stage of Russia's development, the problem of education reform arose, it is caused, of course, by those specific economic and political changes that have occurred in our country. The purpose of the study is to identify, based on the materials of the Ryazan province, the most appropriate and valuable, in our opinion, forms and methods of eliminating illiteracy of the population and recommend their use at the present stage. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time, the elimination of illiteracy of the population in the Ryazan Region in a difficult socio-economic situation characterized by general devastation and depletion of material and human resources is considered comprehensively and comprehensively, based on a concrete historical approach.

Key words: Civil War, All-Russian Congress, literacy eradication, Decree, People's Commissariat of Education, RSFSR, Ryazan province.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.004

M.A. NAGORNAYA PhD in History, Associate Professor of the Department of Humanities Omsk Institute of Water Transport – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Siberian State University of Water Transport", Omsk, Russia

ECONOMIC STRATEGIES OF PEASANT WOMEN IN A MIGRANT FAMILY AT THE STAGE OF ECONOMIC SETTLEMENT OF MIGRANTS IN WESTERN SIBERIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURIES

The article is devoted to the topic of mass peasant migrations in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries to the eastern outskirts of the country. The focus is on the female part of the peasant migrant family. The work defines a set of basic economic strategies of peasant women at the stage of migrant adaptation in Western Siberia. It is concluded that in the critical conditions of resettlement, peasant women were actively involved in the adaptation process and, along with traditional labor functions, developed strategies aimed at preserving the family, strengthening its economic foundations, which in turn contributed to the adaptation of migrants in Western Siberia.

Key words: Western Siberia, peasant migrations, migrants, resettlement movement, peasant woman, economic strategies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.005

T.M. SHAVLAEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher, Institute of Humanitarian Research, Academy of Sciences Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia

CLERGY OF THE HISTORICAL REGION OF CHECHNYA CHEBERLOI: MANUSCRIPT OF ESAMBAY AKUEV (BASED ON FIELD RESEARCH MATERIALS)

The article is devoted to the life and work of a prominent representative of the clergy of the historical region of Chechnya Verkhny Cheberloi - Esambay Akuev. Written on the basis of the author's field materials collected within the framework of the historical and ethnographic expedition of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, starting in 2021. The relevance of the topic is dictated by the increased interest in Chechen society in representatives of the clergy of Chechnya. The purpose of the article is to show how the syncretism of two cultures – ethnic and Islamic – served as the basis for the worthy life of this remarkable man, and can serve as an example for the younger generation to follow. The methods adopted in ethnographic science were used in the study.

The theologian came from a respected peasant family of good income. During the difficult years of the deportation of the Chechen people, he finds the strength to turn to creative work: he restores sayings from sacred texts from memory, and also writes down "Mavlid" in Arabic letters in his native dialect of the Chechen language. At this level, the dialect existed in Cheberloy at the beginning of the 20th century, which is of interest not only for historical science, but also for linguistics.

Key words: Cheberloy, Makazhoy, clergy, Esambay Akuyev, Cheberloy dialect, Mavlid in the dialect of the Chechen language.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.006

M.S. MULEVAYA Postgraduate student, Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky, Department of Russian History and Historiography, Saratov, Russia

THE PHENOMENON OF JEWRY IN THE PROVINCIAL SPACE OF THE LATE 19TH – AT THE BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SARATOV PROVINCE

The article is devoted to the process of integration and adaptation of Jews within the provincial space of the Russian Empire at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries on the example of the Saratov province. It examines the social composition, aspects of economic and social activity of the Jewish population. Particular attention is drawn to the problems that hindered integration and the preservation of religious traditions. It also investigates the question of channels of social mobility was explored, which made it possible not only to gain a foothold in the region, but also to become part of the local society.

Key words: Saratov province, Jews, social mobility, integration, sociocultural space.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.007

S.N. RUBTSOV Doctor of historical sciences, Professor of the Departments of social sciences Northwest Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA), Saint Petersburg, Russia

M.P. BORODIN Candidate of historical sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Retraining and Advanced Training of Specialists, St. Petersburg University of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia named after Hero of the Russian Federation General of the Army E.N. Zinicheva, Saint Petersburg, Russia

A.V. ZUEV Candidate of historical sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor the of private law departments, Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, Saint Petersburg, Russia

MERCHANT SHIPPING IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURIES (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE MAGAZINE “THE SEA AND ITS LIFE”)

The magazine "The Sea and Its Life" was published in St. Petersburg and was a specialized publication that comprehensively covered various aspects of merchant shipping in the Russian Empire. The magazine published regulatory legal acts related to merchant shipping, office materials of individual shipping companies, technical achievements in the field of shipbuilding and marine technology. Particular attention on its pages was given to maritime education. Personal sources are of great scientific interest. The rich factual and illustrative material published on its pages is of great value to modern researchers of the history of the Russian fleet and maritime culture.

Key words: Merchant navy, merchant shipping, sailor, fleet, education, historical sources, everyday life, periodical.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.008

N.O. PRIANICHNIKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law Philosophy Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SOME OF THE MODERNIST THEORIES OF NATION

The article examines the theories of the most prominent modernist scholars in nation and nationalism studies – Ernest Gellner, Eric Hobsbawm and Benedict Anderson. It is noted that a close examination of the texts of their key works shows the presence of certain political and philosophical foundations in them, which are inextricably linked to scientific argumentation and strongly influence it. It is shown that, despite the rather long history of the study of the texts of these authors in Russian science, Russian researchers still focus only on their scientific argumentation, completely ignoring the political and philosophical foundations of their theories, which play an extremely important role in these theories. It is the identification of such political and philosophical foundations of the theory of each of the named modernist scholars that is the aim of the article, for the achievement of which the tasks of consistent analysis of the most important works of the named authors and additional sources on the topic are solved.

The article uses logical analysis, content analysis and comparative analysis to examine one key work by each of the named authors – Ernest Gellner's “Nations and Nationalism”, Eric Hobsbawm's “Nations and Nationalism since 1780” and Benedict Anderson's “Imagined Communities” – as well as additional sources on the topic. The result of this analysis is the identification, clarification and detailed description of the political and philosophical foundations of the theory of each of the three authors. It is concluded that the political and philosophical foundations of Ernest Gellner's theory of nationalism and nationalism are closest to the philosophy of neoliberalism, Benedict Anderson's theory is closest to the philosophy of classical liberalism, and Eric Hobsbawm's theory is strongly influenced by Marxism.

Key words: nation, nationalism, modernism, political philosophy, neoliberalism, classical liberalism, Marxism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.016

M.A. GROMOV Graduate of the Faculty of Political Science of the University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

HISTORY AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF HYBRID REGIMES

For a long time, classical political science has generally divided political regimes into democratic, authoritarian and totalitarian ones. However, in the last three decades, there has been a growing interest in the phenomenon of hybrid regimes in the academic field, which are something between classical democracy and authoritarianism. However, the real boom in the study of hybrid regimes occurred at the beginning of the noughties of the XXI century due to the fact that the so-called third wave of democratization did not lead to the expected spread of democracy throughout the world, but only strengthened a number of authoritarian regimes, which, having experienced deep processes of political transformation, only became more stable. It is widely believed in the scientific community that these changes have led a number of authoritarian states to a hybrid political system; At the same time, some researchers argued that hybrid regimes do not exist and there is only a «transitional period on the way to democracy». The article comprehensively examines the concept of hybrid regimes, analyzes the history and dynamics of academic discourse on this phenomenon, and identifies the necessary conditions for the emergence of hybrid regimes and their key characteristics. The author criticizes the view of hybrid regimes, which has become entrenched in Western political science with its characteristic very primitive division into «good regimes» (democracy, or Western regimes), «acceptable regimes» (hybrid) and «bad regimes» (authoritarian and totalitarian). This simplification looks like an attempt to denigrate ideological opponents.

Key words: hybrid regime, democracy, authoritarianism, political regime, waves of democratization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.009

WANG CHUNXUE Senior Lecturer, Institute of Marxism of Heihe University, China

DU YING Professor, Institute of Marxism of Heihe University, China

WANG YANAN Senior Lecturer Institute of Culture and Tourism of Heihe University, China

A STUDY OF THE WAY AND PRACTICE OF STUDYING CHINESE MODERNISATION IN THE BORDER REGIONS OF HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE IN CHINA

The aim of the article is to analyse the way and study the practice of Chinese modernisation in the border regions of Heilongjiang Province, implemented within the framework of the development of comprehensive economic and cultural cooperation with the Russian Federation. The article reveals the significance of the border free trade zones of Heilongjiang province, analyses the perspective directions of development of business cooperation of the Chinese region with the representatives of Russian business. The correlation between the GDP volumes of Heilongjiang Province and the foreign trade volumes of Heilongjiang Province is determined and the correlation between the trade turnover volumes of the PRC and the Russian Federation and the trade turnover volumes of Heilongjiang Province for the time period of 2015/2023 is determined. It is concluded that the fourth stage of implementation of long-term strategic goals by Heilongjiang Province (2026-2035) will ensure the full modernisation of border infrastructure and form a large ‘belt’ of production capacity and capacity of tourism infrastructure, and will also solve a number of problems associated with the full opening of the border areas of the Chinese region to the northern territories of the Russian Federation in the framework of achieving mutual sustainable economic, social and cultural development.

Key words: modernisation, Heilongjiang Province, border areas, comprehensive economic cooperation, development directions, long-term strategic goals, free trade zones, effective cooperation.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.010

YU.G. PESCHEROV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Law, State University of Education, Moscow, Russia

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN POLITICAL DECISION-MAKING

The article presents a study of the relationship between climatic and environmental factors and the political decision-making process. In the context of global climate change and extreme weather events, the impact of the environment on socio-political processes is becoming increasingly evident and requires careful study. Historical examples of the impact of climate change on the development and decline of civilizations are analyzed, and contemporary research demonstrating the relationship between temperature anomalies, extreme weather, and various aspects of social and political behavior is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing how climate factors can exacerbate existing social problems, such as economic inequality, racial discrimination, and health system deficiencies. The impact of extreme temperatures on levels of violence, interpersonal relationships, and political participation of citizens is examined. The question of how climate change may affect the decision-making process of political leaders and the formation of public opinion is addressed. A critical analysis of existing approaches to accounting for climate factors in political planning is presented and new methodological frameworks for integrating environmental considerations into the decision-making process are proposed. The mechanisms through which climate change may affect political stability, economic development, and social cohesion of society are studied. Particular attention is given to the role of mass media in shaping public perceptions of climate threats and their influence on political discourse. The potential consequences of ignoring the climate factor when developing policy strategies and the need to integrate climate and environmental considerations into the policy decision-making process are identified. The importance of combining the efforts of experts from different scientific fields to create actionable measures to adapt to changing environmental conditions and minimize the negative impacts of global warming is emphasized. Specific recommendations are proposed for policymakers and decision-makers to consider climate factors in the design and implementation of policy strategies.

Key words: climate change, political decisions, environmental factors, social stability, extreme weather events, adaptation, interdisciplinary research.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.012

A.L. SIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Ethnology and Regional Studies Scientific Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Russia

THE POST-SECULARITY OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY: CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE CAUSES OF THE PHENOMENON

Modern societies adapt to the conditions of religious and cultural pluralism with varying success. The Western theory of secularization, which prevailed for most of the 20th century, assumed as a mandatory aspect of modernization the separation of religion from the state, and ultimately the marginalization of this phenomenon at the personal level of each individual. However, such phenomena in the modern globalized world as the revival of religious activity in many societies, manifestations of religious fundamentalism, religiously motivated terrorism, and global economic crises have called into question the validity and rigor of secularization theory. In this article, the dynamic change of the scientific paradigm in the fields of sociology and political science of religion was considered; the modern religious situation in the Russian Federation was analyzed through the prism of the theories of "desecularization" by the American sociologist P. Berger and the "postsecularity" of the German philosopher Yu. Habermas using sociological data. The author of the article identifies several main features of Russian postsecularity, the most striking among which is the combination of a high level of declared (claimed) commitment to the Orthodox faith by citizens with extremely low personal involvement in religious practice. The Orthodox faith revived in post-Soviet Russia is seen by the authorities and the population as an important component of the political (ideological), moral and cultural identity of Russian society, rather than an active religious practice. The author sees one of the possible reasons for this phenomenon in the special socio-cultural context of secularization in the USSR. The purposeful God-fighting policy of the Soviet government transformed the habitual religiosity of the population into political religiosity, devoid of the transcendent, but at the same time filling with new meanings such secular phenomena as state power, the highest goal of society, unity in the fight against an external ideological opponent, etc.

Key words: religion, religious identity, secularization, desecularization, clericalization, post-secular society, post-secularism, state, globalization, post-Soviet Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.013

Z.E. ABDURAGIMOV Applicant, Department of Political Science, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

PREVENTION OF TERRORISM WITH THE HELP OF POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES

At the present stage, terrorism is a problem of international importance. The efforts of each state, to a certain extent, are aimed at eradicating this socially dangerous phenomenon. In this regard, technologies whose purpose is not to combat terrorism, but to prevent terrorist activity, are of particular relevance. The purpose of this work was to study the prevention of terrorism with the help of political technologies. To achieve the goal of the study, it was necessary to solve a number of problems: 1) to characterize the essence of terrorism; 2) to identify its differences from extremism; 3) to determine the main technologies, the implementation of which is aimed at preventing terrorism.

In the study, methods of historical analysis were used, as well as interdisciplinary methods.

The results of the work clearly demonstrate that the identification of the most effective technologies for combating terrorism involves determining the essence and content of this antisocial phenomenon, the main levels of formation of terrorist activity. The most effective for the prevention of terrorism are political technologies based on digital platforms, updating domestic legislation against terrorism, educational and socio-economic state initiatives that prevent the development of terrorist activity in the Russian state and society.

Key words: terrorism, terrorist activity, terrorist act, extremism, political technologies, Russian Federation.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.014

N.Yu. TORIK PhD candidate, Department of Political Science, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF FORMING A MODEL FOR SUPPORTING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In this article, the author turns to the study of the process of forming a model for supporting innovative activities of enterprises in the industrial sector in the Russian Federation. The work defines the concept of “innovation activity” in relation to the industrial sector, highlights the regulatory framework for supporting innovative activity of industrial enterprises, analyzes the provisions of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation 2016-2025, as well as a model for supporting innovative activity of industrial enterprises in the Russian state.

Key words: model, innovation, innovative activity, state support, industrial enterprises, Russian Federation, scientific and technological development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.015

Z.M. GANDALOEVA Graduate student of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE MODERN PERIOD IN CONNECTION WITH NEW CHALLENGES

This research explores ongoing tendencies and future possibilities for fostering an investment-friendly climate in the North Caucasus region, with a particular focus on the Republic of Dagestan. Its objective is to scrutinize strategies aimed at enhancing the area's investment appeal, encompassing the attraction of non-budgetary funds and the implementation of innovative undertakings. The goals encompass an examination of pilot initiatives geared towards innovation and investment facilitation, as well as an evaluation of their impact on the region's economic progression. The methodological approach draws upon data analysis from the Agency for Strategic Initiatives and governmental programs. The novelty resides in a holistic approach to assessing the ramifications of investment ventures on the sustainable advancement of the region. The practical relevance stems from the potential to leverage the findings in recalibrating regional economic blueprints.

Key words: investment attractiveness, Republic of Dagestan, North Caucasus, innovative projects, sustainable development, non-budgetary investments, strategic planning, economic development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.017

A.S. GOMELAURI Ph.D. of political sciences, Graduate School of Media Communications and Public Relations, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

INTERREGIONAL COOPERATION ON ARCTIC ISSUES: CURRENT SPECIFICS AND PROSPECTS

This article presents an analysis of the relationships between the subjects of the Russian Federation regarding Arctic issues. The author examines the factors that facilitate or hinder the establishment of close cooperative links between subjects that are geographically – either fully or partially – part of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and are actively involved in the state’s Arctic policy. It is noted that these subjects possess varying resources that impact the formation of cooperative relationships, which necessitates cooperation to achieve the goals and objectives of the state’s Arctic policy. The conclusion is drawn that the consolidation of subjects to achieve common goals faces limitations due to significant internal inequalities and competition among the most prominent and productive participants.

Key words: interregional co-operation, Arctic region, Arctic, AZRF, Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.018

E.S. PETROV Post-graduate student of the Faculty of Political Science, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

ON SOME SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE INFLUENCE OF RUSSIAN FEDERALISM ON THE REGIONAL SYSTEM OF STATE AUTHORITY

The article is devoted to the problem of determining the subjects of jurisdiction and powers of state authorities in Russia, as well as their distribution between the centre and the region. It is proposed to study this feature of Russian federalism in the context of its influence on the system of separation of powers in the regions. The study applies political and legal analysis of normative acts, which allows us to study the legal basis for the distribution of powers between the federation and its subjects. In addition, a systematic approach is used, since the subjects of jurisdiction and powers of the regions are included in the general legislative system of the Russian Federation, which creates certain restrictive frameworks. The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the distribution of powers between the regions and the federal centre in the framework of influence on the regional system of state power. As a result of the study, the main concepts such as ‘subjects of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation’, ‘joint jurisdiction’, ‘exclusive jurisdiction of the subject’ are defined, and the concepts of ‘powers’ and ‘competences’ are clarified. It was determined that the subjects of jurisdiction allocated to the subjects are formed on a residual principle and regulated by federal laws, while most of the ‘subjects of joint jurisdiction’ are financed, as a rule, at the expense of the subject of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the problem arises that the amount of financial support available to the region does not allow for the necessary implementation of all the powers vested in the subject. This factor puts the regional public authorities in actual dependence on the federal authorities, which creates prerequisites for strengthening the importance of such a factor as ‘federal support’ of the regional institution of public power. For this reason, regional political actors set themselves one of the tasks – to obtain the maximum resource from the federal centre while competing with each other.

Key words: federalism, region, subjects of competence, authority, separation of powers.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.019

SH.O. ALIYEV Postgraduate student of the Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies Department of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS OF REGULATION OF EXTERNAL MIGRATION TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM

The purpose of the study is to study the most pressing aspects of the problem of regulating external migration to Russia and to find optimal ways to solve these issues. The author used the following research methods: analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific research, analysis of the regulatory framework and statistical data. The result of the study was the theses that the practice of assessing the criteria for labor shortages in regional labor markets and the impossibility of filling this shortage through domestic labor resources should become regular and applicable to all countries from which migrants come. To ensure objectivity, it is necessary to use a system of quantitative indicators that reflect the state of the local labor market, the balance of labor resources, and the impact of internal and international migration. Conclusions: a comprehensive approach to solving the problems of external labor migration in Russia will not only improve the situation on the labor market, but also make migration an effective tool for the development of the country's economy.

Key words: migration, external migration, labor migration, labor shortage, migration policy, labor market.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.020

YU.YU. GRYADUNOV Postgraduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia

RELATIONSHIP OF NATIONAL IDEOLOGY AND EDUCATION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between national ideology and the education system in Russia. The main attention is paid to the role of education in the formation of ideological attitudes in the conditions of modern Russian society. The purpose of the work is to study the mechanisms for integrating national values into the educational process and assess their impact on social stability. The work used methods of analysis of regulatory documents, public opinion polls and case studies. The main results highlight the importance of educational policies in maintaining national identity and cultural integration. The recommendations concern the development of curricula that promote critical thinking and respect for national culture. The research is important for the development of state educational strategy.

Key words: national ideology, educational system, Russia, cultural integration, national values, social stability, ideological integration, educational policy.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.021

A.V. DEMIDOV PhD in Political Science Associate Professor Moscow Humanitarian and Economic University, Moscow, Russia

SOME ASPECTS OF RUSSIA'S FOREIGN POLICY DURING THE REIGNS OF THE FIRST RUSSIAN TSARS OF THE ROMANOV DYNASTY

The article examines the military and political actions undertaken during the reigns of Mikhail Fedorovich and Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, aimed at the return of lands seized from our country during the Time of Troubles and before it, attempts to establish equal trade relations with European countries.

Key words: Time of Troubles, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, Smolensk, Novgorod-Seversky, Boyar Duma, Embassy order, Baltic Sea, Stolbovsky Treaty, Deulin truce, Polyanovsky Treaty, Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Vilna truce, Kardis Peace Treaty, Andrusovsky Treaty.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.022

M.U. ZHUMABEKOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan Universitu, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDOR "NORTH-SOUTH": WAYS OF FORMING EURASIAN LOGISTICS

This article is devoted to the consideration of the formation of logistics directions in which the EAEU countries and a number of international actors participate, when the corridor becomes a place of intersection of the transport corridors of Eurasia. It is noted that among the promising areas for Russia and the EAEU, the North-South International Transport Corridor (ITC) stands out, which should promote the development of trade relations with the countries of the Middle East, Southeast Asia and African states and prevent a transport blockade from the West. It is emphasized that the sanctions of Western countries against the Russian Federation created various sectoral problems in the field of shipping, which contributed to the withdrawal of the North-South ITC to the level of one of the key channels for the production of both exports and imports from the Russian Federation and the EAEU. It is concluded that over the years of its existence, it has not been possible to achieve fully set goals, but still there are certain successes and achievements. The MTK has become a multimodal project that.

Key words: MTK North-South, Eurasian Economic Union, cargo transportation, routes, seaports.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.023

WANG XIN Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

ECONOMIC WAR IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT: TYPES, CONSEQUENCES AND CHINA'S OVERCOMING STRATEGIES

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has provoked a number of economic wars between the US, Europe and Russia, including economic, trade, technological sanctions, etc. The economic war has a certain impact on the development of Russia, the US and Europe, as well as the development of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative. To cope with these consequences, China must increase awareness of the risks and be fully prepared.

Key words: Russian-Ukrainian conflict, USA, economic war, sanction.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.011

Y.A. SHITIKOVA Senior lecturer of the Department of Russian language and Intercultural Communication, Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Russia

IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE MILITARY SPHERE OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Artificial intelligence plays a central role in the development of military power. However, tracking the military application of artificial intelligence poses particular analytical challenges.

In our article, we examine China's military application of AI as well as the broader geostrategic implications of AI development for international rivalry. The article begins by examining the role of AI in China's overall military modernization plans. It then explores the implementation of AI to date in China's armed forces, the People's Liberation Army (PLA). It then highlights the obstacles that may prevent the PLA from realizing its military AI ambitions and explores some of the risks that military AI may pose to security relations.

Key words: China, artificial intelligence, PLA, security, risks.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.024

R.D. GREBNEV PhD of Law, Senior Researcher, Deputy Dean for International Affairs, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

Current processes of forming a fair multipolar world order require clarification of the principles of global governance, the key one of which is the principle of decentralization. The emerging system of decentralized global governance determines the relevance of the study of the SCO as an international organization that carries out its activities in accordance with the UN Charter but has independent functionality in the field of regulating international relations in Eurasia. The normative potential of the SCO and its status as a platform for coordinating the concepts of foreign policy of Eurasian states predetermines the most important role of the SCO in organizing inter- and trans-regional cooperation.

The SCO promotes the formation of the practice of international relations based on the geo-economic approach, the formation of regional systems of international relations and, in the long term, the corresponding to the concept of multipolarity coordination of regional groups of states on the principles of the cluster approach in global governance.

The results of the study were obtained using the linguistic legal method, the civilizational approach, the geopolitical scientific approach, as well as other methods inherent in global and regional studies. The article presents the results of a study of the ideological foundations of the SCO, its status and prospects in the system of decentralized global governance.

Key words: SCO, global governance, multipolarity, globalization of political processes, regionalization of political processes, Greater Eurasia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.025

A.S. RYZHENKOV Expert at the Institute of Institute of Contemporary International Studies of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Chief specialist-expert of the Russian House in Turkey, Moscow, Russia

NEW APPROACHES OF THE TURKISH GOOD PARTY TO PROMOTING PAN-TURKIST IDEAS AND VALUES DURING THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF M. AKŞENER

The article examines the approaches to foreign policy of the center-right opposition Turkish Good Party. The Good Party arose as a result of a split within the Nationalist Movement Party, which is considered as the main political actor in Turkey upholding pan-Turkic values. Unlike the Nationalist Movement Party, which was quite ossified in its approaches, the Good Party, formed in 2017, was able to offer many new ideas and tools aimed at the Turkish-centric integration of the Turkic peoples. Although the Good Party is experiencing a severe internal crisis in 2024, its ideas could have a significant impact on the external expansion of Turkish nationalism in the future.

Key words: Turkey, Good Party, Nationalist Movement Party, Pan-Turkism, Turkish parties, Turkish foreign policy, Russian-Turkish relations, Meral Akşener.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.026

ALYAFAI ALI SALEH PhD student, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

CRISIS IN RELATIONS BETWEEN QATAR AND THE THREE GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL COUNTRIES

The crisis between Qatar and the three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain), has had significant implications on regional politics and security. The conflict began in 2017 when the three GCC countries severed diplomatic and economic ties with Qatar, citing its alleged support for terrorism and its close ties with Iran. This has led to significant deterioration in political, economic, and social relations between the countries, as well as the impact on their citizens and businesses. The crisis has also raised concerns about the future of the GCC and its ability to maintain unity and cooperation in the face of regional challenges. This abstract will explore the causes and consequences of the crisis, as well as potential avenues for resolution and reconciliation between the involved parties.

Key words: Qatar, Gulf Cooperation Council, crisis, diplomatic relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.027

CHEN ZIHAO Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF DIPLOMACY OF CHINESE TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS

In the era of globalization, multinational corporations have acquired new functions, among which business diplomacy is one of the most important. Business diplomacy is an institutionalized transnational communication and mutual exchange activity between companies, governments, NGOs, NGOs, the public and individuals, carried out on the basis of respect for the laws, government system and culture of the partner country, in order to protect national interests and the image of the country, as well as increase the legitimacy of the company. Chinese multinational corporations, in the course of their international production and business activities, have over time developed their own, special approach to corporate diplomacy and unique strategies.

Key words: business diplomacy, multinational corporations, Chinese diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.028

I.I. IVLIEV Postgraduate student of the department of geopolitics Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR CREATING A COLLECTIVE SECURITY SYSTEM IN SOUTH ASIA

The article addresses the issue of establishing a collective security system in South Asia. The author emphasizes that the region is characterized by an "explosive" potential, encompassing chronic instability, unpredictability, and a plethora of challenges, including terrorist threats, drug trafficking, illegal migration, and poverty. The author concludes that the necessity of establishing a regional security system has been long overdue, yet for various reasons, its creation currently appears to be unfeasible.

The author identifies several key reasons for the impossibility of creating such a system. These include the significant military and economic imbalance between India and the rest of South Asian states, unresolved disputes between the nations of the region, the coutries’ own political interests, and the paralyzed work of key regional security organizations (e.g., the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), etc.). It is speculated that India, as a potential regional leader, could take the initiative to alter the status quo and initiate the development of an effective regional security system. Specifically, engaging in dialogue with South Asian states as equal partners, accompanied by a series of concessions in existing disputes, could establish the necessary conditions for breaking the region's current vicious cycle.

Furthermore, the author examines the activities of SAARC, delineating the pivotal deficiencies inherent in its structure that impede its capacity to address regional challenges. The author then proceeds to offer pragmatic recommendations for reforming the organization, which could definitively enhance SAARC's efficacy and contribute to the development of a regional security system.

The author's perspective will be of particular interest to scholars and experts engaged in the fields of international security, Indian studies, and international relations.

Key words: India, SAARC, South Asia, China, regional security, system of collective security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.029

KIM JUYEONG PhD Student, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF RUSSIA'S RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ARCTIC COUNCIL

The importance of the Arctic in the life of the world community is noticeably increasing, since the solution of energy, environmental and socio-cultural problems depends on the state of this region. The purpose of the article is to consider the role of Russia in the formation and ongoing work of the Arctic Council, maintaining joint work of the countries of the region and non-Arctic countries to ensure sustainable development of the Arctic. The article sets the following tasks: analysis of relations between Russia and the Arctic Council, generalization of Russia's work on international cooperation in the region and the results of Russia's chairmanship of the council (20210-2023), identification of the reasons for the deterioration of Russia's relations with Western countries since 2014 and especially since 2022; assessment of the possibilities for further cooperation with different countries on Arctic issues.

The Arctic Council is an international organization that plays an important role in maintaining mutually beneficial cooperation between Arctic and other countries in the development of Arctic territories, conservation of nature and communities of indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic. This organization, by its very nature, should not focus on military and political issues, but nevertheless, the international situation in the Arctic region has been influenced by anti-Russian states. Russia is the largest member of the Arctic Council in terms of territory and Arctic population. The Government of the Russian Federation has defined the Arctic as a priority area of national interests and has developed a long-term national program for its development. Russia seeks to develop the Arctic region and build constructive relations with the Council member states. However, after the introduction of economic sanctions in 2014 and the launch of the special military operation (SMO) by Russia in 2022, the Arctic Council members demanded that Russia leave the territory of Ukraine and limited their relations with Russia. This has had a negative impact on Russia's activities as the Chairman of the Arctic Council.

Key words: Arctic Council, Russian Federation, Arctic Regional Governance, Arctic Council Chairmanship.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.030

G.S. LAPSHAKOV Assistant Department of Sociology of Political and Social Processes, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Saint Petersburg, Russia

CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN JAPAN'S HISTORICAL POLICY AND OKINAWA'S HISTORICAL MEMORY: EXHIBITIONS AT THE OKINAWA PREFECTURAL PEACE MEMORIAL MUSEUM AND THE YUSHUKAN MUSEUM

Conflicts over the memory of World War II remain an important aspect of political processes in East Asia to this day. The historical policy pursued by the Japanese authorities has been criticized by states in the region for decades. At the same time, it also causes discontent in one of the regions of Japan – Okinawa Prefecture. This article examines the characteristics of two coexisting discourses on World War II. One is supported by the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan, which dominates the country's political life. The other is supported by the regional government and civil society in Okinawa. To compare them, the article uses materials from two history museums that are significant sites of memory for these discourses: the Yushukan Museum at Yasukuni Shrine and the Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum.

Key words: Politics of Memory, Historical Politics, Okinawa, Japan, Historical Memory, Yasukuni.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.031

D.M. MAKHARADZE Postgraduated student of the Department of Political Analysis, School of Public administration Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS IN THE POLITICAL SPACE OF POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES

This article is devoted to the consideration of the current nature of the activities and status of business associations in the political space of post-Soviet countries. Business associations of post-Soviet countries represent one of the most resourceful and involved in various political processes interest group. The following post-Soviet countries were chosen for the study: Belarus, Georgia, Lithuania, Kazakhstan and Russia. The paper provides an overview of the birth and development of business associations in these countries, describes the reasons that triggered the transformation of the participation models of business associations in these countries, which continue to this day. The paper also identifies a common approach used within the framework of this transformation by the countries listed above, which is neo-corporate. This approach consists in the creation and regulation of business associations by the state, which also determines the specific areas of activity of the associations themselves. At the same time, the presented neocorporativism of post-Soviet countries has a share of quasi-institutionalism, since most of the existing associations of the post-Soviet countries under consideration do not have a fixed regulatory status. The article identifies the existing trends in the development of business association models of post-Soviet countries within the neocorporativist approach. It also presents and analyzes the main problems that exist today within the framework of the formed models of participation of business associations in the political space.

Key words: Business associations, post-Soviet countries, representation of interests, entrepreneurial community, lobbyism, GR-technologies, neo-corporativism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.032

A.V. NEFEDOV Ph.D. student, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA'S INTERESTS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: BASED ON INTERVIEWS WITH FOREIGN EXPERTS

The article examines Russia’s interests in the Central African Republic (CAR) from the point of view of Western researchers. Since 2017 Russia has intensified contacts with this country, which for a long time remained on the periphery of Russian foreign policy priorities. In this regard, understanding Russia's interests in the CAR can be considered as relevant academic problem. In addition, looking at this problem from another angle allows to better understand some aspects of the african direction of Russia's foreign policy. The article stipulates that political interests (the struggle for a bridgehead in the center of Africa) currently prevail over economic and humanitarian directions of cooperation with the CAR.

Key words: Russia, Central African Republic, political interests, foreign policy, cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.033

N.S. SEMENOV Postgraduate student, Department of Oriental Political Studies, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE GEOPOLITICAL AND GEO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC CORRIDORS OF THE PRC'S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE IN SOUTH AND SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA

In the proposed article, the author analyzes the geopolitical and geo-economic significance of the infrastructural and economic corridors of the Chinese initiative "One Belt, One Road" (BRI). The introductory part emphasizes that the interconnectedness of territories and communities is a key factor in economic progress. China, continuing the traditions of the ancient Silk Road, seeks to minimize the risks associated with dependence on sea routes and initiates alternative land routes from Western Asia and Africa.

The "One Belt, One Road" initiative, announced in 2013, includes significant investments in infrastructure and the development of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). The world's leading economies are participating in this project, which minimizes trade costs and expands economic opportunities in the regions involved in the initiative.

The main corridors of the OBOR cover eight key routes, including the most important – the China-Pakistan and Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar economic corridor. Each of them has its own unique characteristics and represents a combination of transport, energy and cultural links. For example, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a strategically important project connecting China with the Gwadar port in Pakistan, which implies significant development of transport infrastructure.

The risks and challenges faced by these corridors are also considered. Geopolitical tensions, especially in the South China Sea and around India's economic interests, have an impact on the success of OPOP projects. The participating countries must find a balance between economic benefits and political commitments.

In conclusion, it is noted that the "One Belt, One Road" initiative contains the potential to bring existing trade and investment relations to a new level, but requires careful management and cooperation between the parties involved to minimize risks and achieve sustainable development.

Key words: geopolitics, Belt and Road Initiative, China, USA, European Union.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.034

G.O. SHISHOV Graduate student at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

GLOBAL CHALLENGES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EAEU

The article is devoted to the problem of defining current global challenges for the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in the context of the current transformation of international relations and geopolitical bifurcation. It is noted that the formation of new "centers of power" in the person of China and regional leaders (Turkey), as well as attempts by the United States and the EU to strengthen or diversify their influence on the countries of Eurasia, including the EAEU states, contribute to the complication of cooperation issues between states within the union. It is shown that the leading role in strengthening cooperation between countries within the EAEU belongs to Russia, which, due to natural factors (geographical location and proximity to most of the member states of the Union) as well as political and economic weight, is the initiator of the construction of "Great Eurasia". At the same time, the efforts of unfriendly states are aimed at weakening or reducing the role and significance of Russia on a global and regional scale, and therefore at reducing the role and economic potential of the entire EAEU. The purpose of the study is to systematize and identify the sources of global challenges for the development of the EAEU. The objectives of the study are to identify and systematize the main groups of challenges for the development of the EAEU, determine the key threats to the functioning of the Union as a whole and identify the geopolitical priorities of the main actors in relation to the EAEU member states. Research methods: system and logical analysis. Results: the trends in the dynamics of mutual trade in the total volume of foreign trade in goods of individual EAEU member states, the main priorities of world leaders in relation to the Union member states are highlighted. Conclusions: the conducted research shows the relevance of searching for new approaches to the formation of a balanced economic policy for the endogenous development of the EAEU member countries, which would be based on supporting strategic areas of economic development and stimulating national production in the context of ensuring more complete production cycles, a sound import substitution policy, consumer market development, new standards for protecting the business sector from global fluctuations (challenges and threats), the formation of strategic competitiveness of the economies of the member countries in the long term and its adaptability to the cyclicality of globalization processes.

Key words: EAEU, USA, EU, China, Russia, Asia, geopolitics, international relations, foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.035

T.V. RAD'KOVA Senior Lecturer, Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

STRATEGIC CULTURE OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREIGN POLICY PRIORITIES

The article attempts to analyse the influence of the strategic culture of the Italian Republic on its foreign policy. Historical, geopolitical, cultural and political factors that determined the formation of modern Italian strategic culture and its main features are highlighted. The degree of continuity of Italian strategic culture is assessed taking into account the unique strategic position of Italy in Europe and the Mediterranean.

Key words: Italy, strategic culture, foreign policy, Mediterranean region.

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.036

V.N. MEDVEDEV Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Institute of Civil Engineering and Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation; Deputy Director of the Federal Autonomous Institution "Federal Center for Normation, Standardization and Technical Assessment of Conformity in Construction" Ministry of Construction of Russia, Moscow, Russia

D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

CONTEMPORARY FEDERALISM AND ADMINISTRATIVE-POLITICAL STABILITY OF THE STATE

Based on an analytical review of studies and scientific articles by Russian authors, the article reveals the main sources of the process of stabilization of political and legal institutions, as well as possible administrative-political destabilization. An attempt is made to identify and substantiate the role of modern federal relations in ensuring state stability of the Russian Federation.

Key words: russian federalism, federal relations, administrative-political stability, political and legal institutions, destabilization.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 14. Issue 6 (111), 2024

CONTENTS

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Sochneva D.V. On the Issue of the Implementation of the Concept of Scientific Atheism in the Ulyanovsk Region: the Initial Stage (1955-1959)
• Biryukov A.M. Socio-Economic Development and Everyday Life of Petrovsk During the First World War and on the Eve of the Civil War (1914 – March 1918)
• Dmitriev I.V., Mineeva E.K. The National Elite of Soviet Russia in the 1917-1920s: Issues of Historiography
• Kezhutin A.N. Activities of Provincial Trading Companies in the Don Troops Region at the Beginning of the 20th Century (Based on the Materials of the Trading House "Galkin Brothers")
• Merkulov A.V. The Military Commissariat of the Ryazan Region During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945
• Mukhametzyanov M.S. Features of the Creation of University Museums in the Soviet Period on the Example of the Kazan Aviation Institute Named after A.N. Tupolev
• Pobortseva V.V. Creation of a State Health Care System in the Soviet State: Peculiarities in the Center and on the Ground (1917-1920s)
• Ryabova M.M. Old Believers of Bogorodsky District in the Context of the Confessional Picture of the Moscow Region
• Sulumov Z.Kh., Beguev S.A. Restoration of the Oil Industry of Grozny in the New Economic Policy Program
• Tsechoeva M.A. Reflection of the Deportation of the Chechen-Ingush People in Scientific Works and in Works of Art of the Ingush Intelligentsia of the 20th and Early 21st Centuries

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES

• Torteva I.A. Regional Media Development Models in the Digital Age
• Trofimov V.A. The Activities of the Authorities and Public Institutions of the Sakhalin Oblast in the Field of Regional National Policy
• Phan Thi Nhuan. One Party Dominant Political System: Characteristics and Reference Values for Vietnam
• Fedorov D.V. Status and Role of the Russian Language as a State Language in the Russian Federation
• Gekht A.B., Cherkasov D.G., Shutman D.V. The «Swedish Democrats» Influence on the Transformation of the Political and Party System in Modern Sweden
• Gabrielyan G.R. The Development of National Internet Platforms as a Factor in Ensuring Information Security of the People's Republic of China
• Emelyanov S.V. Stages and Civilizational Features of the Historical Transformation of the Cultural Policy of the Russian State: Political Aspect
• Kardash N.V. The Specifics of the Evolution of the Political Elite in Cyprus (on the Example of the First President of Cyprus)

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

• Airapetyan D.A. Horizons of Social and Political Development of the Institute of State in the Context of the Transition to Postcapitalism
• Zhbanov A.M. Practice of Public-Private Partnership in the System of Ensuring the US Cybersecurity Policy
• Surma I.V. Kenselling as a Form of State Cyber-Ostracism
• Okudzhava Kh.Z. The Practice of Introducing Artificial Intelligence in the Moscow Region: Problems and Prospects

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• Alaudinov A.A., Strigunov K.S., Goncharenko A.R. Structure and Characteristics of Subjects of Military Conflict in Ukraine and its Main Differences from Hybrid Wars in Syria and Libya
• Alooche Bashar. The Role of Regional Powers (Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia) in the Escalation and Settlement of the Syrian Crisis
• Wan Yufeng. Digital Economy and Digital Government: Interaction and Development
• Stepanov S.A., Shaaban L. Modern Technologies in Education and Healthcare in Some GCC Countries
• Geht A.B., Petrova A.V., Potapenko T.G., Zamyatin R.D. The Uighur Issue in the English-Speaking Media Space: Analysis and Impact of Information Flows
• Zahra Ghiasi. The Impact of the Syrian Crisis on the Russia-Iran Relationship
• Gorbunov N.S. Elements of Foreign Policy Strategic Communication in Doctrinal Documents of the Russian Federation
• Egorov S.S. The Geopolitical Decomposition of Ukraine: Comparative Analysis of the Positions of the European Union and the Russian Federation Regarding the Settlement of the Ukrainian Political Crisis
• Liu Ying, Stepanov S.A. Comparative Analysis of Legal Structures in the Environmental Sphere Between Russia and China Since 2012
• Paramuzova O.G. Legal Assessment of the Importance of the Concept of International Security as a Factor in Increasing the Manageability of the Interstate System of International Relations
• Polonchuk R.A. Military-Political Presence of the PRC in North African Countries
• Samsonov M.M. Key Areas of Cooperation Between China and Africa at the Present Stage
• Zhang Xinyan. Features of China's Foreign Policy in 2019
• Chzhan Chen`I. Analysis of the Current Situation and Prospects of Settlements in National Currency in Bilateral Trade Between China and Russia
• Khoshev A.Yu. The Attitude of the Serbian Orthodox Church to the Incident of Dispersal of the Serbian Manifestation on December 1, 1989 in Ljubljana

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.001

D.V. SOCHNEVA Postgraduate student of the Department of History, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF SCIENTIFIC ATHEISM IN THE ULYANOVSK REGION: THE INITIAL STAGE (1955-1959)

Khrushchev's time in power and the innovations he adopted are still being discussed in historical science. It was during this period that "scientific atheism" became a tool for building Soviet ideology. The article examines the specifics of the implementation of the religious policy of the USSR on the example of the Ulyanovsk region. The author attempts to show the forms and methods of atheistic activity in this region. The conclusion is made about the results and effectiveness of the activities carried out.

Key words: scientific atheism, religious politics, ideology, Ulyanovsk region, "Khrushchev thaw".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.007

A.M. BIRYUKOV Graduate student of the Department of History of the Fatherland, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND EVERYDAY LIFE OF PETROVSK DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND ON THE EVE OF THE CIVIL WAR (1914 – MARCH 1918)

The article is devoted to the socio-economic development of the city of Petrovsk, Dagestan region, on the eve of the civil war. The analyzed period in the history of the city is characterized by the active political life of society and the establishment of de facto dual power in 1917. In the context of the collapse of the system of traditional economic relations and failures on the fronts of the World War, the standard of living fell, the strike movement grew, and food prices rose. In February 1918, the Bolsheviks tried to end dual power and take control of the entire political and economic life of the city, which led to the armed overthrow of their power. The novelty of the study lies in the use of previously unpublished archival and newspaper materials about the daily life of Peter's followers at the turn of 1917-1918. As shown in the article, despite the political cataclysms, the townspeople tried to continue their usual way of life, continued to visit theaters and engage in amateur performances.

Key words: Petrovsk, Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, everyday life, revolution, civil war, strike.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.002

R.D. VARTANYAN Junior research fellow, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

FROM TRAVELOGUE TO NOVEL

(how Ilya Ehrenburg's travel notes about traveling to the United States became the material for his artistic works)

The article examines the work of the Russian Soviet writer I.G. Ehrenburg in 1946-1953 from an imagological and comparative point of view. The purpose of this article is to show the numerous similarities between journalism and the literary work of I.G. Ehrenburg, to highlight the characteristic features of the image of the United States created by the famous Soviet writer, and to analyze the continuity and changes in the image of the enemy within the framework of the writer's work, which was of great importance for Soviet propaganda. To do this, the problem will be solved in the form of a comparison of I.G.'s essay. Ehrenburg's "In America" (1946) and his artistic works from the periods of "late Stalinism": the plays "The Lion on the Square" (1948) and the novels "The Tempest" (1947) and "The Ninth Shaft" (1952).

The article uses the discursive historical method.

The article proves that the writer's journalism and novels, when they relate to American topics, are united by such connecting links as criticism of American racism, hostility to Europe, intrusive interference in personal life (from prohibition to Puritanical morality). A number of important images related to criticism of the United States and the "American way of life", used in "The Lion on the Square", and in "The Tempest", and in "The Ninth Shaft", were first used in I.G.'s travel essay. Ehrenburg's "In America" back in 1946, and then, with minimal changes, were transferred to his artistic work of the period of "late Stalinism". These images, however, were not dogmatically communist, but echoed a broader line of criticism of the United States as a non-European power without its own high culture.

Key words: Ilya Ehrenburg, Cold War, racism, Stalinism, propaganda, imagology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.003

I.V. DMITRIEV Graduate student, Chuvash State University. I.N. Ulyanova, Cheboksary, Russia

E.K. MINEEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Chuvash State University named after. I.N. Ulyanova, Cheboksary, Russia

THE NATIONAL ELITE OF SOVIET RUSSIA IN THE 1917-1920S: ISSUES OF HISTORIOGRAPHY

The study of the ethnic elite of Russia is inextricably linked with the national state policy of the country. One of the areas of research into the history of Russian national politics and the formation of the national establishment is a detailed consideration and assessment of issues related to the period of formation of Russian multi-ethnic statehood. The article presents an excursion into the historiography of the problem dedicated to the formation and activities of the national elite of Soviet Russia in the 1917-1920s. The authors come to the conclusion that, despite the diversity of research points of view on the stated problem, there remains a large number of unexplored issues, therefore, a certain gap in research work in this area. Some of the little-studied aspects of the topic include the social and everyday life of the Russian national elite; the role of the national establishment in the creation of autonomies within the RSFSR; the fate of a number of national political figures, who were largely subjected to repression in the 1930s; historical memory of the country's ethnic elite, who stood at the origins of the formation of the Soviet state.

Key words: national elite, Soviet Russia, issues of historiography, national policy in 1917-1920s.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.004

A.N. KEZHUTIN Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Social Science and Humanities Department, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; Associate Professor, Department of Humanitarian and Legal Disciplines, Dzerzhinsky Branch of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “National Research Nizhny Novgorod State University named after. N.I. Lobachevsky", Dzerzhinsk, Russia; Professor of the Department of Civil Law Disciplines, Branch of the Private Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow University named after S.Yu. Witte" in Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

ACTIVITIES OF PROVINCIAL TRADING COMPANIES IN THE DON TROOPS REGION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

(BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE TRADING HOUSE "GALKIN BROTHERS")

Introduction. The beginning of the 20th century is characterized by the accelerated development of trade and entrepreneurship in the southern regions of the Russian Empire. The article analyzes for the first time from a historical perspective the problems of creation, lending and activities of small and medium-sized trading enterprises in the Don Troops Region. The purpose of this work is to reconstruct one of the firms typical for the Ust-Medveditsky District – the trading house "Galkin Brothers". The source base of the article is based on the materials of the state regional archives of Rostov-on-Don and Volgograd, as well as on a set of published materials. As a result of the conducted research, the social composition of the partnership members, the range of goods, and connections with other commercial establishments in the historical conditions of the period 1900-1914 were established.

Key words: history of trade, trading house, partnership, Don Army Region, Ust-Medveditsky District, Khoper district.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.005

A.V. MERKULOV Postgraduate student (Historical Science and Archeology, National History) of Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

THE MILITARY COMMISSARIAT OF THE RYAZAN REGION DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1941-1945

This article deals with the specifics of the work of the military commissariats of the Ryazan region, what difficulties the employees of the military commissariats faced, how the system of mobilization of the population in the Ryazan region was organized and how the fight against saboteurs and deserters took place during the Great Patriotic War.

Key words: military commissariat, district military commissariat, city military commissariat, regional military commissariat, Great Patriotic War, mobilization, Ryazan region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.006

M.S. MUKHAMETZYANOV Postgraduate student of the Institute of Tatar Encyclopedia and Regional Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia

FEATURES OF THE CREATION OF UNIVERSITY MUSEUMS IN THE SOVIET PERIOD ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KAZAN AVIATION INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER A.N. TUPOLEV

The article examines the process of creating university museums during the Soviet period, using the example of the Museum of the Kazan Aviation Institute named after A.N. Tupolev, to study the influence of museum creation on ideology and educational objectives at that time, emphasizing their role in preserving, popularizing historical and technical heritage, educating young people, and conducting research. The article also analyzes the organization of museums within the context of Soviet-era culture and their impact on the formation of a scientific and technical elite and socio-cultural environment in the region.

Key words: Kazan Aviation Institute, museum, creation, university museums, Soviet period, A.N. Tupolev, aviation, history, science, technology, education, preservation, memory, collections, exhibition, engineers, designers, information technology, pedagogy, students, research, heritage, industry, progress, innovations, museum, museification.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.008

V.V. POBORTSEVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History Bryansk State University, Bryansk, Russia

CREATION OF A STATE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN THE SOVIET STATE: PECULIARITIES IN THE CENTER AND ON THE GROUND (1917-1920s)

The state health care system of Soviet Russia had a long way of development. From the moment of the emergence of the new government, active propaganda of state concern for the health of the country's population began, which gradually grew into a meaningful state policy. The organizational principles of health care formulated in the early years of Soviet power were based on the continuity of the model of zemstvo medicine of tsarist Russia, which was preferred not to be officially mentioned. However, the tasks of the state to take care of the population's health in the dire socio-economic and political situation of the Civil War, intervention, famine, devastation, mass epidemics and diseases could not be solved without using the preserved pre-revolutionary health care base and personnel of zemstvo medicine. In the article on the basis of the analysis of general principles of activity directed on protection of public health, some methods and forms of work of medical institutions in different corners of the territory of Bryansk region are shown as an illustration.

Key words: Bryanshchina, health care system, People's Commissariat for Public Health, struggle against epidemics, sanitary labor protection.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.009

М.М. RYABOVA Senior Lecturer at the Department of History and Humanities, State University of Humanities and Technology, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Russia

OLD BELIEVERS OF BOGORODSKY DISTRICT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONFESSIONAL PICTURE OF THE MOSCOW REGION

The article examines the geography of the spread of Old Believer agreements on the territory of Bogorodsky district. The author explains why this particular district in the XIX century was the most densely populated region of the Moscow province in terms of the number of Old Believers. The zealots of the old faith lived here mainly in the territories of the southeastern volosts in the historical center called Guslitsy. The penetration of the Old Believers into the rest of the Bogorodsky district occurred primarily due to the industrial activities of merchants from among the zealots of ancient piety. The Guslitsky Old Believers were at the origins of the creation of large Old Believer centers in Moscow and St. Petersburg, at various times they were trustees of communities. As for the agreements presented in the studied county, the priests of the Belokrinitsa hierarchy prevailed here, who, after the adoption of the District Message in 1862, were divided into "district" and "non-district" ones. It is worth noting that the number of the latter in the Bogorodsky district slightly prevailed. There were also communities of Bespopovtsy, among which the largest group were pomortsy.

Key words: Bogorodsky district, Old Believers, priests, bespopovtsy, okrugniks, non-okrugniks, communities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.010

Z.KH. SULUMOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History, Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny, Russia

S.A. BEGUEV Senior Lecturer, Department of History and Culture of the Peoples of Chechnya, «Chechen State University named after. A.A. Kadyrov»; Senior Research Fellow, Department of the History of the Peoples of the North Caucasus, Institute for Humanitarian Studies, Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Russia

RESTORATION OF THE OIL INDUSTRY OF GROZNY IN THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY PROGRAM

The article discusses the issue of restoring the Grozny oil industry as part of the new economic policy, as an integral part of the entire oil industry complex of the country. Of course, the oil industry of Grozny, destroyed during the period of revolutionary movements and civil war, was put on track for a speedy restoration. The responsible approach of government agencies led to a quick solution to eliminate existing problems: the formation of work teams, improvement of logistics and food supplies to resume the work of one of the country's leading oil sectors – Grozny.

Key words: Oil industry of Grozny, restoration of the sector, new economic policy, oil industrial complex of the country, working groups.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.011

М.A. TSECHOEVA Ph.D. student of the Department of History of the Federal Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Ingush State University, Magas, Russia

REFLECTION OF THE DEPORTATION OF THE CHECHEN-INGUSH PEOPLE IN SCIENTIFIC WORKS AND IN WORKS OF ART OF THE INGUSH INTELLIGENTSIA OF THE 20TH AND EARLY 21ST CENTURIES

The article discusses the topic of deportation of the Ingush people, which is an important and sensitive part of history, which is reflected in scientific works and works of art. The author considers methodological research approaches based on the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, which presupposes the need for an in-depth analysis of historical sources on the 1944 deportation. The biographical method made it possible to prove the truth of the events described by Ingush historians and writers. These works play a key role in preserving historical memory and understanding the consequences of Stalin's repressions. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the topic of deportation is important to study for the affected peoples, which is currently relevant for researchers, since before 1985 the topic was practically not studied due to the existing ideology. The purpose of the article is to search and analyze all scientific works and works of art written by the Ingush intelligentsia. In conclusion, it is concluded that the studied works not only document the events, but also help readers emotionally connect with the experiences of people who survived the deportation, who are also historical sources in the study of the topic of deportation of the Chechen-Ingush people. The search revealed scientific and literary works of Ingush historians and writers of the 20th-21st centuries, covering the topic of the 1944 deportation. Such works include personal memoirs, historical essays, monographs, works of fiction based on real events, and poetic creations that seek to convey the depth of the people's experiences.

Key words: Ingush literature, literary works, deportation of Ingush, witness of deportation, Ingush intelligentsia.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.012

I.A. TORTEVA Assistant at the Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov (Cheboksary) Cheboksary, Russia

REGIONAL MEDIA DEVELOPMENT MODELS IN THE DIGITAL AGE

This article examines the concept of a regional information space as part of the general information field of the country, provides its characteristics, identifies existing problems, and considers current trends and prospects for its development. Current trends in the development of the regional information space are associated with an increase in the use of the Internet, the development of electronic means of communication and the expansion of access to information. Development prospects include improving the quality of information, ensuring equal access to it for all social groups and the active use of information technology in everyday life. Regional and central authorities need to timely regulate the problems associated with the uneven distribution of resources, due to the fact that this directly affects the quality of the materials produced and the general information field of the country. Also, the quality of the materials produced depends on the qualifications of specialists, since unreliable information can affect the rating of mass media publications, as well as reduce the level of access to them. In order to identify inaccuracies in published materials, editors conduct fact-checking, during which the reliability of facts and statements is verified, as well as the correct spelling of names, places, and surnames is checked. Otherwise, incorrect spelling may seem like a symbol of disrespect. It is necessary to stimulate the development of the media space from the outside in order to improve its processes and subsequent dissemination, which can be achieved by attracting subsidies from the state, following current trends of the present, as well as using ways to obtain additional financing, which is an advantageous environment for the development of the information field of various subjects.

Key words: digital age, regional media, multimedia, online, multi-channel, interactive nature of information, efficiency, convergent journalism, event, typological division of the media.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.013

V.A. TROFIMOV Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS OF THE SAKHALIN OBLAST IN THE FIELD OF REGIONAL NATIONAL POLICY

The article "The activities of the authorities and public institutions of the Sakhalin Oblast in the field of regional national policy" explores the problem of design and implementation of regional national policy in the Sakhalin region, which is of particular relevance in the context of both the task of forming an all-Russian civic identity in the region and tasks related to the regulation of ethnopolitical processes and maintaining a positive balance of interethnic relations relationships. At the same time, the author examines the activities in this area not only of regional public authorities and management, but also of regional civil society institutions, as well as the mechanisms and specifics of their interaction in this area. The article states that the activities in this direction in the Sakhalin region as a whole are purposeful and positive in nature and lead to good results, but at the same time it is noted that there remain some problems in the interaction of government and public institutions in this area.

Key words: Sakhalin region, regional national policy, interethnic relations, migration processes, authorities, civil society institutions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.014

PHAN THI NHUAN PhD student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russia; Vinh University, Vietnam

ONE PARTY DOMINANT POLITICAL SYSTEM: CHARACTERISTICS AND REFERENCE VALUES FOR VIETNAM

The political system of Vietnam and the political system of some countries with a dominant ruling party have some similarities. Technically, countries with a dominant one-party political system exist in a multi-party system, but there is a dominant political party that controls, manages and governs the political system for a long time, such as the People's Action Party (PAP) in Singapore. Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in Japan, Democratic Party in South Korea (DP). The article analyzes the characteristics of the one-party dominant political system in Japan, Korea and Singapore. With the characteristics of this political system model, it will be a valuable reference lesson for the innovation of Vietnam's political system in the modern period.

Key words: political system, dominant party, innovation, lessons, Communist Party of Vietnam.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.015

D.V. FEDOROV Postgraduate student of the Department of National and Federal Relations of the Institute of Public Administration and Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

STATUS AND ROLE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AS A STATE LANGUAGE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In the modern Russian Federation, the Russian language is a complex socio-political and historical-cultural phenomenon, and interaction in Russian is one of the most complex and important types of state activity, as well as public discourse, which simultaneously functions in its own habitus and interacts in the public and non-public sphere with many “fields of power” [13. P. 128]. Based on historical and cultural traditions, the multi-ethnic nature of the state, and the ongoing development of an all-Russian civil identity, the Russian language as the state language is given a key role in consolidating Russian society and strengthening Russian statehood.

Key words: Russian language, state language, Russian Federation, all-Russian identity, Russian statehood, interethnic relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.016

A.B. GEKHT Ph.D. in history, docent Head of the department of history and regional studies Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, Saint Petersburg, Russia

D.G. CHERKASOV Master, assistant of the department of history and regional studies Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, Saint Petersburg, Russia

D.V. SHUTMAN Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Social and Digital Technologies Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, Saint Petersburg, Russia

THE «SWEDISH DEMOCRATS» INFLUENCE ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE POLITICAL AND PARTY SYSTEM IN MODERN SWEDEN

The gradual evolution of Sweden's party and political system went from left to right: the process of liberalization and a departure from the previous social democratic model, under the influence of a number of global challenges such as uncontrolled migration prepared a long period of growing popularity of nationalist ideas in the XXI century. The emergence of the far-right Swedish Democrats party in the Swedish political spectrum and its active growth led to a pronounced drift of the country’s party political system to the right as far asto the prospect of further radicalization of this Scandinavian country’s political sphere. This article is devoted to a brief analysis of the processes of transformation of modern Sweden's political and party system as well as to the consideration of factors due to the influence of which in the recent past political marginals have become the second most important social force in the country.

Key words: Sweden Democrats, political system, party system, political crisis, radicalization, multiculturalism, political transformation, integration processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.018

G.R. GABRIELYAN Postgraduate student at the Moscow Region State University, Moscow, Russia

THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL INTERNET PLATFORMS AS A FACTOR IN ENSURING INFORMATION SECURITY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

The article is devoted to the study of tools for ensuring information security in the People's Republic of China, in particular national social networks and Internet platforms created on the territory of the country. The presence of own national platforms in China and their popularity allows the authorities to effectively use various tools to control the information published on the Internet. Due to the fact that all social networks (WeChat, Weibo, Bilibili, Douyin, Kuaishou, Zhihu, etc.) used by Chinese citizens are created on the territory of China, the government can quite easily monitor all the actions of citizens on the Internet and effectively block any undesirable content. This is primarily important in terms of ensuring domestic political stability.

Key words: People's Republic of China, information policy, information security, Internet, social networks.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.020

S.V. EMELYANOV Postgraduate student of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State University", St. Petersburg, Russia

STAGES AND CIVILIZATIONAL FEATURES OF THE HISTORICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE CULTURAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN STATE: POLITICAL ASPECT

The history of Russia, like the history of many other states, has a number of important features. The political characteristics of Russia include statism. The state power of Russia played a crucial role in the development of Russian culture, actively participating in the formation of both the idea of Truth and the methods of comprehending it. The decisive role in Russia belonged to state power in the formation of historical epistemes and discursive practices. In the sphere of cultural policy of the state, arbitration was carried out in the competition of metanarratives in the Russian cultural space.

Key words: Russian civilization, statism, modernization, modernity, cultural code, ideocracy, epistemes, discursive practices, narratives.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.017

N.V. KARDASH PhD Candidate, Department of Comparative Politics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

THE SPECIFICS OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE POLITICAL ELITE IN CYPRUS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF CYPRUS)

The article discusses the specifics of the evolutionary process of the formation of the ruling class in Cyprus and examines the mechanism of the formation of the elite in the last years of British colonial rule and in the new independent state. The study also provides examples of political developments in Cyprus and neighboring states in parallel with the effectiveness of the political activities of two prominent leaders of the elite. When determining the criteria for belonging to the elite of Cyprus, a biographical method of analyzing the political formation of the first president of Cyprus, Archbishop Makarios III was used. The article presents the path of the leader of the elite to power, provides a comparative analysis of his education, experience, spheres of influence and the formation of the image of a representative of the national community and – subsequently – the leader of the state. The confrontation between two political elites of one state has sparked interest in the biographical analysis of the formation of the leaders' personalities, who were never able to reach an agreement for the benefit of their common homeland. The article also contains an assessment of the mechanisms of elite recruitment in Cyprus within the framework of comparative political science.

Key words: comparative politics, biographical analysis, elite theory, political elite, political elite evolution, political leaders of Cyprus, Archbishop Makarios III, Fazyl Kucuk, Cyprus, Cypriot politics.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.021

D.A. AIRAPETYAN Specialist of the laboratory of problems of increasing the efficiency of state and municipal administration, postgraduate student of the department of political science and ethnopolitics of the URIU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

HORIZONS OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF STATE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TRANSITION TO POSTCAPITALISM

The article examines the prospects for the development of the institution of the state in the context of the transition to a post-capitalist society. The author, analyzing the contradictory nature of the state, notes that, on the one hand, it personifies the idea of the strength and stability of the political order, on the other hand, it undergoes changes in its historical forms and functions. In the context of the global challenges of late capitalism and the emergence of a new technological order, transformation processes in the political sphere are accelerating, creating preconditions for the transition to an innovative post-capitalist form of social structure, which, according to the author, affects the horizons of the socio-political development of the institution of the state. The article analyzes various theoretical concepts about the role of the state in the post-capitalist world: from classical Marxist ideas about the "withering away" of the state to current discussions in modern political science. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion about the absence of a single idea of the institutional future of the state, as well as the need for a conceptual rethinking of the functions and tasks of the state in new socio-economic and technological conditions.

Key words: institution of the state, political processes, late capitalism, post-capitalism, global challenges, new technological order, socio-political development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.022

A.M. ZHBANOV Postgraduate student, Department of International Relations and Integration Processes, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

PRACTICE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE SYSTEM OF ENSURING THE US CYBERSECURITY POLICY

The article examines the current state of public-private partnership in the system of ensuring U.S. cybersecurity policy. Article consists of analysis of evolution of approaches to cybersecurity in the context of public-private partnership, and institutional frames on cooperation between the state, private business and data operators in matters of cybersecurity.

Key words: cyberspace, cybersecurity, international information security, information warfare, information warfare, international law, public-private partnership.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.023

I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of the National Association for International Information Security, Associate Professor of the Department of International and National Security of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

KENSELLING AS A FORM OF STATE CYBER-OSTRACISM

The article considers the phenomenon of cancel culture as a socio-political technology of excluding an entire state from public consciousness. The analysis of four system-forming clusters in which the Russian Federation today is subjected to cancel culture in the information space is presented: political, economic, humanitarian and cultural-historical. The author notes that the lack of theoretical understanding of methods of countering cancel culture in modern political research leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to form the concept of counter-cancel culture. It is shown how using dynamically developing cognitive-manipulative tools of modern information and communication technologies attempts to "squeeze" the Russian Federation out of the consciousness of the entire world community are carried out. The method considered in the article actually includes the same tools as cancel culture itself, with the difference that the search for and consolidation of like-minded people who have been subjected to cancel culture for similar reasons is carried out. It is proposed to counter the challenges and threats to Russia to intensify activities in the main directions, including the formation of information, technological and value sovereignty of the country, while opposing the falsification of historical memory and creating a positive image of Russia, expanding the tools of digital diplomacy, carrying out information and awareness-raising work, not forgetting its strategic narrative of value-oriented nature. The applied recommendations on countering cancel culture presented in the article can serve as a certain theoretical contribution to political science in the study of the phenomenon of cancel culture from the position of an international researcher and can be used to optimize modern foreign policy approaches.

Key words: cancel culture, information confrontation, digital diplomacy, information and communication technologies, trolling, cyberbullying, artificial intelligence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.024

KH.Z. OKUDZHAVA Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE PRACTICE OF INTRODUCING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE MOSCOW REGION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that it is necessary to study the rapidly developing technology of artificial intelligence, and the novelty of the article lies in the fact that a comprehensive analysis of pilot projects using artificial intelligence to optimize work in state and municipal administration was carried out. A systematic approach based on empirical data made it possible to consider the features of the implementation of artificial intelligence in the Moscow region.

The article describes what problems arise when using artificial intelligence technology, what results have already been achieved and what development prospects exist: for example, a project such as “Robot Svetlana” is designed to automate the work of a support service in healthcare; the “Electronic coupon” project is aimed at optimizing the operation of the waste management system in housing and communal services; the Forest Fire Control project helps prevent the spread of fire and minimize damage to the environment and the population; the “Taxi Control” and “Bus Control before Departure” projects increase the safety of passenger transportation by identifying malfunctions and non-compliances with requirements in advance; The project “Control of illegal retail outlets” allows you to reduce the number of illegal retail outlets in the Moscow region using video cameras.

The study revealed that experts positively assess the practical application of artificial intelligence in the Moscow region. Emerging problems associated with training artificial intelligence, possible attacks by hackers, and difficulties in processing large amounts of data are inherent in the general process of introducing artificial intelligence in the country. At the same time, the experience of the Moscow region can be replicated, and new algorithms for using artificial intelligence can be applied in other regions of the Russian Federation.

Key words: Moscow region, regional management, artificial intelligence, digital technologies, digital transformation.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.025

А.А. ALAUDINOV Candidate of Political Sciences, commander of the AKHMAT special forces ‒ deputy commander of the 2nd Army Corps of the 8th Army, Southern Military District, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Grozny, Russia

K.S. STRIGUNOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Leading Analyst, Association of Information Warfare Specialists, Moscow, Russia

A.R. GONCHARENKO Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State Universit, Moscow, Russia

STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBJECTS OF MILITARY CONFLICT IN UKRAINE AND ITS MAIN DIFFERENCES FROM HYBRID WARS IN SYRIA AND LIBYA

This article examines the structure and characteristic of participants in the military conflict in Ukraine. The main differences between the total hybrid war of the collective West against Russia and the hybrid wars unleashed against Libya and Syria are also revealed.

The purpose of the study is to determine the essence and characteristics of the participants in the military conflict in Ukraine, the differences between this conflict and the wars in Libya and Syria.

The objectives include: 1) identification of direct and indirect participants in the military conflict in Ukraine; 2) demonstration of the difference between the conflict in Ukraine and the wars in Libya and Syria.

Results. The main direct participants in the military conflict in Ukraine are Ukraine and Russia. As for the indirect participants to the conflict, there are the countries of the collective West (USA, Great Britain, France and Germany), as well as China, India, Iran and North Korea. The interaction of direct and indirect participants in the military conflict in Ukraine is shown.

Conclusions. Despite the fact that there are pronounced direct participants in the military conflict in Ukraine, since other state actors do not take direct and explicit part in it, the differences between direct and indirect participation in this military conflict are sufficiently blurred. The main difference between the total hybrid war of the collective West against Russia, of which the military conflict in Ukraine is a part, and the hybrid wars against Libya and Syria is the West's use of the entire state as an instrument of indirect war against Russia and providing it with enormous comprehensive support.

Key words: hybrid war, Russia, the Special Military Operation, Ukraine, the collective West, Libya, Syria.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.026

ALOOCHE BASHAR Graduate student Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

THE ROLE OF REGIONAL POWERS (IRAN, TURKEY, SAUDI ARABIA) IN THE ESCALATION AND SETTLEMENT OF THE SYRIAN CRISIS

The Syrian crisis, which began in 2011, led to the destabilization of the situation in the region and the involvement of regional powers such as Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia in the conflict. This study is aimed at analyzing the role of these states in the escalation and settlement of the Syrian conflict.

Introduction. The paper examines the geopolitical interests and actions of Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia in the context of the Syrian crisis. It is noted that the involvement of these countries is due to the desire to strengthen their positions in the region, as well as religious and ideological factors.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of official statements, diplomatic initiatives and military operations of Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia in Syria from 2011 to 2023. The data used are from open sources, such as reports from international organizations, analytical materials from expert centers, and media publications.

Results. It was established that Iran provides comprehensive support to the government of Bashar al-Assad, having sent from 20 to 30 thousand IRGC fighters and pro-Iranian formations to Syria. Turkey, which initially supported the Syrian opposition, has been conducting military operations in northern Syria since 2016, seeking to prevent the strengthening of Kurdish groups. Ankara has achieved the creation of a buffer zone along the Syrian-Turkish border up to 30 km deep [29. P. 44]. Saudi Arabia provided financial and military assistance to opposition groups, spending about $3 billion. However, since 2018, Riyadh has gradually curtailed its support for the armed opposition, concentrating on diplomatic efforts. In general, the contradictions between regional powers make it difficult to develop a common approach to resolving the conflict.

Key words: Syrian crisis, Iran, Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, regional powers, geopolitics, conflict escalation, settlement.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.027

WAN YUFENG Ph.D. candidate, Faculty of Higher School of Cultural Policy and Management in Humanities, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DIGITAL ECONOMY AND DIGITAL GOVERNMENT: INTERACTION AND DEVELOPMENT

This article analyzes the interaction and development of the digital economy and digital government in China, whose key roles are enhanced by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It explores how digitalization across all spheres of life leads to significant changes in production and service models, accelerating economic development and international cooperation. Special attention is given to the impact of digital technologies on managerial practices and state governance, exemplified by China's rapid growth and innovative approaches in integrating cutting-edge technologies. The study emphasizes the role of digital technologies in improving the quality of life and the efficiency of government administration, providing a foundation for analyzing global managerial practices.

Key words: digital economy, digital government, technological innovations, managerial practices, China, international cooperation, industrial revolution, information era.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.028

S.A. STEPANOV PhD professor, Department of the history and Law and public administration of the Law Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

L. SHAABAN PhD student, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION AND HEALTHCARE IN SOME GCC COUNTRIES

This article presents the most striking practices of modern technology implementation in some GCC countries, particularly in such important social spheres as education and healthcare. The fact that the majority of GCC countries have improved their positions in the Global Innovation Index for 2022 is further proof that the countries surveyed do not intend to deviate from their vision and goals to develop and implement the most advanced technologies in everyday life in order to achieve sustainable development. Thus, the development of technological practices has a direct correlation with overcoming such a pressing problem as unemployment not only for the GCC countries.

Therefore, the subject of this study is the positive impact of the application of modern technology in the GCC countries on reducing unemployment. Dialectical cognition, comparative jurisprudence and legal formalism are used as research methods. The author concludes that despite the fundamental importance and real need for the use of modern technology in all public sectors, other circumstances and situations, such as the coronavirus pandemic and the time and speed savings of using modern technology have prompted many countries to move towards the use of modern technology. The positive effects of the adoption of modern technology in the use of, for example, banking, education and other sectors are being evaluated. The article draws attention to the emerging and necessary need for modern technology to speed up work, save time and minimise errors.

Key words: GCC, health, education, AI, 3-D dimension, online platforms.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.029

A.B. GEHT Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of History and Regional Studies, Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich (SPbSUT), Saint Petersburg, Russia

A.V. PETROVA Bachelor of Regional Studies, Department of History and Regional Studies, Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich (SPbSUT), Saint Petersburg, Russia

T.G. POTAPENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Regional Studies, Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich (SPbSUT), Saint Petersburg, Russia

R.D. ZAMYATIN Bachelor of Regional Studies, Department of History and Regional Studies, Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich (SPbSUT), Saint Petersburg, Russia

THE UIGHUR ISSUE IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING MEDIA SPACE: ANALYSIS AND IMPACT OF INFORMATION FLOWS

This article provides a brief analysis of the current coverage of the "Uighur issue" in modern English-language media and examines the main trends prevailing in the information coverage of the situation of Uighurs in modern China. The authors analyzed a variety of points of view presented by both state and opposition sources. The study aims to identify the impact of information flows on the formation of public opinion both in the countries of the collective West and in the Islamic world regarding the situation in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and its impact on the foreign policy and foreign economic policy of the Chinese authorities.

Key words: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the Uygur issue, English-language media.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.030

ZAHRA GHIASI PhD student in the history of international relations Russian State University for the humanities, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPACT OF THE SYRIAN CRISIS ON THE RUSSIA-IRAN RELATIONSHIP

Since the Syrian crisis began after the Arab Spring protests in 2010, changes in the Middle East have sped up. Syria turned into a full-scale war zone when terrorist groups entered the country. The regional and extra-regional actors got involved in the Syrian crisis, either directly or indirectly, due to their own interests and the threats they perceived. Key players included the United States, Russia, Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. This article examines how the war in Syria has affected the relationship between Russia and Iran. The idea is that the threats and common interests arising from the Syrian crisis led Iran and Russia to team up for the first time. After working together diplomatically and politically, Russia started helping militarily in 2015, marking the beginning of their joint efforts to deal with the crisis. Keeping the current government in power in Syria, pushing back against Western influence led by the United States, and fighting terrorist groups, especially since ISIS took over much of Syria, are the main reasons why these two countries are close allies.

Key words: Iran, Syrian crisis, Arab Spring, Russia, common interests, national interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.031

N.S. GORBUNOV Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Master's degree in International Relations, Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ELEMENTS OF FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION IN DOCTRINAL DOCUMENTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In Russia there is no approved concept of strategic communication (SC) at the state level, but Russian foreign policy communication can be considered strategic. The purpose of the article is to search and analyze elements of the SC concept in the doctrinal documents of the Russian Federation. During the preparation of this article, various general scientific methods were used; the work is descriptive and theoretical in nature.

Key words: strategic communication, political communications, Concept of foreign policy of the Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.032

S.S. EGOROV PHD student, Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE GEOPOLITICAL DECOMPOSITION OF UKRAINE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE POSITIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REGARDING THE SETTLEMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN POLITICAL CRISIS

2024 – eleven years have passed since the beginning of the political crisis in Ukraine, the conflict, which began with mass anti-government demonstrations on the Maidan ( were not something special for modern Ukraine), turned into a civil war with Russian-speaking residents of Southeastern Ukraine, and then into a war with the Russian Federation. One of the most important features of the Ukrainian crisis is its unprecedented rapid escalation to the level of armed confrontation between the conflicting parties and the deterioration of relations between them. The article is devoted to the analysis of the processes that led Ukraine into a state of geopolitical decomposition of the state, which led to the actual rupture of interstate relations between Russia and the countries of continental Europe. Methods: The article is based on civilizational and comparative analytical approaches, which allowed us to conclude that now Ukraine is gradually turning into a "fragile state" ), the country has been moving towards the process of existential breakdown of its own statehood throughout the 30 years of modern independence. By supplementing the above approaches with the best practices of the "case analysis" method, the author was able to analyze the consequences of the "color revolutions" for Ukraine, and also managed to analyze the impact of these events on the formation of updated foreign policy courses of Russia and the European Union (hereinafter – the EU) in relation to Ukraine. Results: The negotiating positions of the parties to the conflict regarding the prospects for resolving the "Ukrainian political crisis" from 2013 to 2022, as well as after Russia launched a forced military operation to protect the population of Donbass, are analyzed. The main provisions of the approaches of Russia and Ukraine in relation to building relations with the EU are presented.

Key words: Russia, political crisis in Ukraine, European Union, color revolutions, world order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.033

LIU YING Ph.D. of Law Institute Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

S.A. STEPANOV Professor, doctor of sciences Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGAL STRUCTURES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SPHERE BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA SINCE 2012

Russia and China are two large countries with great influence in the world. The development and evolution of their environmental policies and legislation have a profound impact on global environmental governance. This article, using the comparative method, conducts a comparative analysis of the construction of the environmental legal system in Russia and China from four aspects: environmental legislation, environmental law and order, environmental justice and environmental compliance. The study revealed that in recent years, Russia has achieved remarkable results in fulfilling its environmental goals and expanding public participation in green construction, while China has made breakthroughs in the systematic legalization of ecological civilization. Of course, the development of the environmental sphere in Russia and China also faces certain difficulties. In the future, Russia and China will still need to continually improve their environmental legal systems and strengthen environmental enforcement to better adapt to the demands of the new era.

Key words: Russia, China, ecology, policy, law.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.034

O.G. PARAMUZOVA Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of International and Humanitarian Law, Faculty of Law, North-West Institute of National Economy and Public Administration, RANEPA, Saint Petersburg, Russia

LEGAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CONCEPT OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AS A FACTOR IN INCREASING THE MANAGEABILITY OF THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The realities of the modern world require the development of new conceptual approaches to regulating pressing problems of international relations. The need for innovative work is obvious and objectively determined by the complexities of geopolitics being implemented today. At the same time, the obviousness of turning to historical experience is beyond doubt, because the creation of a new architecture of international relations must always be predetermined by historical experience, both positive and negative. This article deals with the most important components of the concept of collective international security, which was carried out with the aim of producing possible modernizations of this system to solve the problem of a certain stagnation in the considered area of international relations of our time.

Key words: collective international security, comprehensive concept of international security, interstate system of international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.035

R.A. POLONCHUK Candidate of political sciences, senior researcher Center for the Study of the History of China and its Relations with Russia, Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICSA RAS), Moscow, Russia

MILITARY-POLITICAL PRESENCE OF THE PRC IN NORTH AFRICAN COUNTRIES

The article analyzes the main foreign policy guidelines that determine the military-political presence of the PRC in the countries of North Africa. The approaches of the Chinese leadership to ensuring defense and security in the North African region are shown. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of military-technical cooperation between the PRC and the countries of the region.

Key words: military policy, armed forces, military development, military planning, reform of the armed forces, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.019

M.M. SAMSONOV Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

KEY AREAS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND AFRICA AT THE PRESENT STAGE

Despite the difficult period of the pandemic for the entire global economy, post-Covid recovery of production and new political realities after 2022, China and Africa continue to actively increase the scale of cooperation in a number of key sectors: industry, agriculture, new information technologies and medicine, provision of necessary intellectual and scientific support. The African continent has always been an important element of China's foreign policy, and developing relations with Africa is its long-term strategic choice. Based on various Chinese sources, an attempt has been made to trace the main trends and assess the prospects for Chinese-African cooperation in a number of industries.

Key words: China, Africa, post-pandemic era, trade and economic cooperation, agriculture, digital economy, medicine.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.036

ZHANG XINYAN PhD RUDN, China

FEATURES OF CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY IN 2019

Recent Chinese foreign policy is characterized by several distinctive features. The simultaneous occurrence of the fortieth anniversary of diplomatic relations with the United States and the unfolding of the so-called Sino-American trade war has ensured that Washington maintains a leading position among Beijing's foreign policy priorities, while also leading to an increase in firmness in its practical policy towards the United States. Additionally, the parallel growing interest of China in deepening and intensifying ties with Russia has led to the assertion that Sino-Russian bilateral relations have entered a new stage. This new stage in Sino-Russian relations is expressed in the expansion of economic, political, and military cooperation. Both countries are actively working on joint projects in the energy sector, including the construction of gas pipelines and the development of nuclear energy. Furthermore, Russia and China conduct joint military exercises, emphasizing their strategic partnership and readiness for joint actions on the international stage. This cooperation is being strengthened against the backdrop of mutual concern over the unilateral actions of the United States and a common desire for a multipolar world order. China is actively promoting the "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI), aimed at creating infrastructure and economic links between Asia, Europe, and Africa. This initiative allows China to strengthen its position in the region and beyond by offering participating countries investments and economic cooperation.

Key words: foreign policy, China, diplomacy, international relations, cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.037

CHZHAN CHEN`I Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS OF SETTLEMENTS IN NATIONAL CURRENCY IN BILATERAL TRADE BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA

In the context of strengthening and deepening the comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination between China and Russia in the new era, financial cooperation between the two countries has acquired a new atmosphere and reached a new level.The share of settlements in national currency in bilateral trade between China and Russia has increased dramatically, and settlements in national currency between the two countries are proceeding smoothly, and an effective system of economic and trade cooperation independent of the West has been established.This article examines the reasons and significance of the remarkable increase in the coefficient of settlements in the national currency between China and Russia, as well as outlines author’s own opinions and decisions regarding the shortcomings of the current financial cooperation between the two countries.

Key words: Russian-Chinese relations, settlement in the national currency, Foreign trade, Renminbi, Ruble, payment system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.6.038

А.YU. KHOSHEV Candidate of Technical Sciences, Master of Theology, docent of Saints Cyril and Methodius Institute of Post-Graduate and Doctoral Studies, Moscow, Russia

THE ATTITUDE OF THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH TO THE INCIDENT OF DISPERSAL OF THE SERBIAN MANIFESTATION ON DECEMBER 1, 1989 IN LJUBLJANA

In light of the important role of the religious factor in the processes that accompanied the disintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), the situation of the country's religious confessions in the last years of the Yugoslav federation's existence is of particular interest. The article is devoted to the incident of the dispersal of a manifestation in support of the Serbs in Kosovo, organized in the capital of Slovenia, one of the union republics of the SFRY, on December 1, 1989. This case clearly illustrates the growing tension in relations between the republics of the SFRY during the reforms of S. Milošević, as well as the specifics of the situation of the Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) in the western republics of the SFRY in the context of the brewing breakup of Yugoslavia. The detention of representatives of the local Serbian orthodox clergymen by the Slovenian police, the protest of the SOC Holy Synod and its correspondence with the highest leadership of Slovenia demonstrate some changes in the attitude towards the presence of the Serbian Orthodoxy in the republic. The article uses unpublished materials from the Archives of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate and documents published in the church press of the period under review.

Key words: Yugoslavia, breakup of Yugoslavia, Slovenia, Ljubljana, Serbian Orthodox Church, interchurch relations, Church-state relations.