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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 13. Issue 10 (103), 2023

CONTENTS

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Solomin V.A. The Problem of the Relationship between the «Land» and the «Power» in the Development of Ancient Russian Statehood as a Form of Divine World Order: on the Example of the Activities of Metropolitan Hilarion
• Nikolskaya A.V., Cherepanova E.V. Factors of Influence of Reform Elizaveta Petrovna and Peter III to Mass Consciousness
• Suslov A.Yu. Religious Searches in the Environment of the Russian Neo-Narodic Socialist Migration of the 1920-30s.
• Volkov A.P., Galdobina S.V. Military Training in USSR Universities in the 80s. XX Century: History and Significance of Experience
• Dyakov S.I., Dobryak S.Yu., Gorokhov V.V. Organizational nd Staff Transformations, Educational Process and Organization of Graduations in the Ryazan Artillery School from June 1941 to the End of 1945
• Belousova O.A., Gutak O.Ya. Memories of Employees of the Criminal Penal System of Kuzbass as a Source on the History of the Penical System in the 1960-1980s
• Zelenskaya A.I. Study of Regional History in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Using Distance Learning
• Gasanov M.R., Magomedova E.M. On the Question of the Cultural Community of the Caucasian Peoples According to the Nart Epic
• Arapkhanova L.Ya. Ingush in Deportation: Mechanisms and Problems of Adaptation in the Conditions of a Special Settlement (1944-1957)
• Mikulenok A.A. Assistance to Refugees in the South of Russia in 1918 (by the Example Ekaterinodar and Novorossiysk)
• Nurullina A.I. Children Homelessness in the Tatar Republic in the First Years of the Formation of Soviet Authority
• Sazonov S.S. Criminalization of Mass Consciousness in Russia in the 1990s: Causes and Manifestations
• Tryakin A.N. Search for the Missing in Action During the Second World War
• Chebarev V.V., Dyakov S.I., Gorokhov A.V. Activities of the Officer Artillery School (OASH) in Distribution of Official nd Private Publications (Charters, Textbooks, Tutorials, Problems and Forms
• Shadyshkov A.A., Stolyarov A.V. The State and Problems of Training Machine Operators for Agriculture (Based on the Materials of the Ulyanovsk Region)
• Dyakov S.I., Dobryak S.Yu., Vanyagin V.E. About the Results of the Work of the Graduate Examination Commissions at the Ryazan Artillery School from 1946 to 1957

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

• Dobrynina E.Ya. The Formation of the Problem Field in the Theories of the Information Socity

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Zhokhova A.A. Theoretical and Methodological Analysis of Women's Political Leadership in Political Science
• Stepanov P.E. Vector to the East? On Changes in the Structure of Consumption of Political Information Among the Population of the Irkutsk Region in the Period of 2020-2023
• Tereshenkov A.M. State Policy of the Russian Federation to Counteraction the Covid-19 Pandemic: Federal and Regional Levels

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

• Zalysin I.Yu. Problems of Digitalization of Russian Education
• Frolov A.A. Single-Industry Towns as a Traditional Element of the Russian Economic System: Historical and Politological Aspects
• Gryadunov Yu.Yu. Approaches to the Concept of «Traditional Values»
• Kovalchuk A.G. Problems and Prospects of Civil Participation in Political Governance Processes in Modern Russia
• Afonin M.V., Krivova A.L., Krtyan B.P., Rodionova D.S. International Children Right Protection as an International Right Institution

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

• Ustinovich E.S., Seleznev I.A., Bredikhin A.V. Prospects for the Integration of Mongolia Into the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
• Vilkova E.V., Volkov S.Yu., Matasova S.M. Development of Relations Between India and Pakistan with the USSR and the USA from 1947 to 1971
• Balynskaya N.R., Murtazin R.A., Bredikhin A.V. Features of Cross-Border Cooperation Between Mongolia and the China Region Inner Mongolia
• Maistat M.A., Sajad Zeraat Payma, Javad Zeraat Peima, Medvedev N.P. American Policy in Eurasia: Challenges of China’s Growing Power
• Nikolaeva D.A. Fundamentals of the Formation of Modern Dance Culture in China
• Chenyu. Evolution of Russian-Chinese Relations in the Historical Context
• Liu Xin. The Sovereign State as a Basic Actor of International Relations in the Theory of International Relations
• Shcherbachevich E.S. The Soviet-Peruvian and Russian-Peruvian Relations in 1969-2000
• Volovikov A.G., Kuleshov V.M. Evolution of the Doctrinal Foundations of NATO Policy
• Grebennikova E.I. Relations Between Russia and the Arabian Monarchies: Expert Assessment

STUDENT SCIENCE

• Dai Yuyao. Cooperation Between China and Russia within the Bounds of the “Belt and Road” Initiative
• Zhirkov F.R. Main Directions of Russia's Foreign Policy at the Beginning of the XXI Century
• Polischuk D.I., Zakharchuk S.S. The Russian Far East in the State Interstate Cooperation of the Russian Federation and China
• Rogova Ya.D., Tokareva S.A., Kostina A.D. Application of Unilateral Restrictive Measures in Practice Against Cuba and Russia
• Sunheng. Media Communications on the Way to Institutionalization
• Bratkovskaya D.V., Ivantsov S.A. The Scientific Works of Joseph Nye and the Further Development of His Soft Power Theory
• Dubkov N.S., Volzhanin D.A., Litvinenko D.V. Migration Policy of the European Union Countries in Modern Conditions (Based on the Example of France and Germany)

Our authors № 10-2023

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.001

V.A. SOLOMIN Postgraduate of the department of Russian history and Record management, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE «LAND» AND THE «POWER» IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANCIENT RUSSIAN STATEHOOD AS A FORM OF DIVINE WORLD ORDER: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ACTIVITIES OF METROPOLITAN HILARION

The purpose of the study was to study the problem of building a dialogue between “land” and “power” and the ways of its harmonization through the formation of a religiously oriented ideology in Ancient Rus' in the first half of the 11th century. The concept of “land” is given and the essence of the concept of its relationship with “power” is revealed. Problems in the relationship between “land” and “power” have been studied. The characteristics of Hilarion's views on the role of power in the divine world order are given. His attitude to the “earth” and his influence on the raising of social problems in the “Sermon on Law and Grace” are analyzed. The responsibilities to the people declared by the scribe and assigned to the prince were studied. The ideas of saving the people and the importance of developing education are characterized.

Key words: Ancient Rus’, Hilarion, religion, population, Yaroslav the Wise, ideology, worldview.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.002

A.V. NIKOLSKAYA Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Psychology, Russian State University. A.N. Kosygina, Moscow, Russia

E.V. CHEREPANOVA Independent researcher, Moscow, Russia

FACTORS OF INFLUENCE OF REFORM ELIZAVETA PETROVNA AND PETER III TO MASS CONSCIOUSNESS

The article presents the factors influencing mass consciousness such as the legal and social policy of the state, the general softening of morals, state ideology based on stability and continuity, the narrative of national history, and the organization of public administration. Using the example of the noble and peasant classes, it is shown how these factors influenced the population of the Russian Empire at the behavioral level.

Key words: mass consciousness, public consciousness, legal policy, social policy, behavioral manifestations of mass consciousness.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.003

A.Yu. SUSLOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia

RELIGIOUS SEARCHES IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE RUSSIAN NEO-NARODIC SOCIALIST MIGRATION OF THE 1920-30S.

Religious searches in the environment of the Russian neo-national emigration of the first wave (1920-1930s) are considered. The reasons for the religious turn of some emigrants are analyzed, special attention is paid to the position of V.V. Rudnev and discrepancies in the editorial board of the journal "Sovremennye zapiski". It is concluded that the compromise formula of Christian socialism could not find mass support among the Russian socialist emigration, did not satisfy either socialists or Christians at that time. However, the ideological search of the Russian socialists of the emigrant period remains important in terms of the search for a new model of democratic socialism and the relationship between the state and religion in modern Russia.

Key words: neo-populism, religion, emigration, socialism, Christianity, socialist-revolutionaries, V.V. Rudnev, M.V. Vishnyak.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.004

A.P. VOLKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the National Research University MIET, Moscow, Russia

S.V. GALDOBINA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Intellectual Property, Moscow, Russia

MILITARY TRAINING IN USSR UNIVERSITIES IN THE 80s. XX CENTURY: HISTORY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF EXPERIENCE

This article analyzes the state of military training of students at higher and secondary specialized educational institutions of the USSR in the 80s. XX century. The relevance of this topic for today is noted. It is emphasized that during these years there was a sharp deterioration in relations between military departments and students. This was caused both by material difficulties associated with the old training base, a lack of qualified teachers, and by the lack of flexibility in the educational process, the inconsistency of military training with the new conditions in the country, incl. a course towards qualitative parameters in strengthening the country's defense capability and democratizing public life.

The article, assessing in general the activities of state bodies and public organizations of the CCCP in military training in universities and secondary specialized educational institutions under the reserve officer training program in the 80-90s, emphasizes that it had many successes and shortcomings. The results of this activity are shown and a conclusion is drawn about the use of its experience today.

Key words: military training, students, youth, USSR, higher educational institutions, military department, reserve officers.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.005

S.I. DYAKOV Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

S.YU. DOBRYAK Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

V.V. GOROKHOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

ORGANIZATIONAL AND STAFF TRANSFORMATIONS, EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AND ORGANIZATION OF GRADUATIONS IN THE RYAZAN ARTILLERY SCHOOL FROM JUNE 1941 TO THE END OF 1945

Purpose of the study. Conduct an analysis of organizational and staffing changes, the educational process and the organization of graduations at the Ryazan Artillery School from June 1941 to the end of 1945. The relevance of the topic is due to the consideration of historical facts related to the activities of the RAU during the Great Patriotic War in the Central Asian Military District. Research methods: analytical, scientific, historical-systematic. Key conclusions: the study shows that the leadership of the RAU, like all military educational institutions of the country during the Great Patriotic War, worked and organized the educational process with great dedication of physical and moral strength and at the same time trained highly qualified specialists in their field – officers – artillerymen for the artillery of the Red Army.

Key words: artillery, Ryazan Artillery School (RAU), fire fighters, topographers, sound meterers, photogrammetrists, metrologists, divisional training profile, quantitative characteristics, awards, parade.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.006

O.A. BELOUSOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Department of Humanities, Socio-Economic Disciplines and Management Information Technologies, Associate Professor Kuzbass Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Novokuznetsk, Russia

O.YA. GUTAK Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines, Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, Russia

MEMORIES OF EMPLOYEES OF THE CRIMINAL PENAL SYSTEM OF KUZBASS AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF THE PENICAL SYSTEM IN THE 1960-1980S

The article examines the memories of veterans of the penal system as a source for studying the labor activities of forest correctional labor institutions in Kuzbass in the 1960s-1980s. The subject of the analysis was the memoirs published in the collection “History of institutions and bodies of the penal system in the territory of Kuzbass in the second half of the twentieth century,” published by the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education Kuzbass Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, edited by O.A. Belousova and I.M. Rezhapova. A distinctive feature of the presented sources is subjectivity and varying degrees of detail. The author considers memories as a way to expand factual knowledge about the past. The article emphasizes that such sources of information allow researchers to more objectively evaluate state penitentiary policy, including allowing them to study the peculiarities of work activity and everyday life of employees of the penitentiary system; operational situation in places of deprivation of libert.

Key words: memoirs, historical source, veterans of the penal system, reeducation, labor of convicts, everyday life, Soviet system of labor incentives.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.007

A.I. ZELENSKAYA Senior Lecturer, Department of Theoretical Foundations of Physical Culture and Tourism, Karachay-Cherkess State University named after U.D. Alieva, Karachaevsk, Russia

STUDY OF REGIONAL HISTORY IN THE KARACHAY-CHERKESS REPUBLIC, USING DISTANCE LEARNING

In modern learning conditions, an important pedagogical task in compliance with federal educational standards is the inclusion in the educational process of various teaching methods that help students discover and improve their knowledge, skills and abilities.

The success of schoolchildren in the modern world is not only about achievements in the school curriculum. But also a person’s attitude towards his own abilities, as well as self-development and self-knowledge.

Key words: distance learning, school, regional history, practice, modern society, regional component.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.008

M.R. GASANOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Department of History, Dagestan State Pedagogical University named after R. Gamzatova, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia

E.M. MAGOMEDOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer Department of History, Dagestan State Pedagogical University named after R. Gamzatova, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF THE CULTURAL COMMUNITY OF THE CAUCASIAN PEOPLES ACCORDING TO THE NART EPIC

The article discusses the history and current state of the development of the Nart (Nart) epic and its role in the cultural community of the Caucasian peoples. It analyzes legends, traditions, Nart tales of the Kabardians, Balkars, Ossetians, Chechens, Ingush, Dagestan highlanders, etc., and lists the covenants of heroism that underlie the concept of “Nart” as a heroic type. The article notes that the way of life, morals, customs, and religious ideas of the various peoples of the Caucasus, reflected in the legends about the Narts, testify to the deep archaic nature of the epic about the Narts, to the reflection in it of enormous changes in the material and spiritual life of the ancient population of the Caucasus over many centuries. As a result of their common origin and subsequent international exchange, the Nart epic contains many similar images and motifs, which testifies to the ancient cultural community of the peoples who created the Nartiada.

Key words: Nart epic, cultural community, Kabardians, Karachais, Ossetians, Chechens, Ingush, Dagestan highlanders.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.009

L.YA. ARAPKHANOVA Ph.D. (Political Science), Associate Professor of the Ingush State University, Head of the Department of Social and Political Research of the Ch. Akhriev Ingush Scientific Research institute Magas, Russia

INGUSH IN DEPORTATION: MECHANISMS AND PROBLEMS OF ADAPTATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF A SPECIAL SETTLEMENT (1944-1957)

The article examines the influence of regime conditions on the social and political adaptation of representatives of a separate ethnic group – the Ingush, deported to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in 1944. The forced nature, mechanisms and conditions of adaptation in the new ethno-cultural environment are revealed. The author studied data from a wide range of sources, reflecting sociocultural changes in the environment of special settlers. For the first time, previously classified documents on the legal, economic and labor arrangements of special settlers, found in the archives of Russia and Kazakhstan, are introduced into scientific circulation. The features of the narrative as a source of research on social and political adaptation are analyzed. Various aspects of the life of special settlers in the places of special settlements are shown, related to their adaptation to new conditions.

Key words: Ingush, deportation, adaptation, adaptation, special settlement, special settler, special commandant's office.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.010

A.A. MIKULENOK PhD in History, Associate Professor, Department of Social, Humanitarian and Natural Science Disciplines North Caucasus Branch of Russian State University of Justice, Krasnodar, Russia

ASSISTANCE TO REFUGEES IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA IN 1918 (BY THE EXAMPLE EKATERINODAR AND NOVOROSSIYSK)

This article focused on the situation of refugees position in the South of Russia in 1918 in Ekaterinodar and Novorossiysk. The author considers the ways of refugees’ movements to the South of Russia and reasons which had prompted them to do so. The main reason was the old politics regime, existing on the South of Russia, which allowed them to live in peace. The author shows difficulties that refugees and recipients territories faced with (epidemics, housing and foods shortage, conflicts with locals). It is shown how the local authority tried to solve all problems, for instance preventing the epidemic. Moreover, it is shown a mental health situation that served an essential role and how it affected to refugees’ life.

Key words: refugees, the White Army, the First World War, repatriation, the Russian Civil War, charity, Novorossiysk, Kuban.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.011

A.I. NURULLINA Researcher, Moscow, Russia

CHILDREN HOMELESSNESS IN THE TATAR REPUBLIC IN THE FIRST YEARS OF THE FORMATION OF SOVIET AUTHORITY

The article examines the situation of children left without parental care and relatives in transitional conditions, when the old way of life was destroyed by the Bolsheviks, and the new system has not yet been established. This period covers the most difficult time since 1921 – since the formation of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (TASSR, Tatar Republic) and until 1926 – the transition to a planned model of the economy. One of the social problems faced by the new government, including in the Tatar Republic, was the enormous growth of child homelessness, the cause of which was called the legacy left by the old tsarist government. A decisive struggle began with homelessness in the republic, although in the early years it was not easy, given the difficult economic situation of the state.

The situation was complicated by the fact that this period of the formation of Soviet power was characterized by a lack of financial resources to combat homelessness, the lack of development of measures to help those in need, disorganization in the work of local authorities and weak interaction of departmental institutions. The work was noticeably hampered by the lack of republican reporting and statistics. In the summer of 1927, the Central Executive Committee and the SNK of the RSFSR approved a three-year plan to combat child homelessness. The Government recognized that the activities carried out during the period 1925-1927 created a number of favorable conditions for the full-scale coverage of street children and their preparation for socially useful work. Over time, the new government developed a clear scheme for providing assistance and support to street children of Soviet Russia, in particular the TASSR, which formed the basis of social policy not only of our state for many decades, but also of foreign countries.

Key words: TASSR, social assistance, children's commission, upbringing, homelessness, children, orphanage.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.012

S.S. SAZONOV Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Moscow, Russia

CRIMINALIZATION OF MASS CONSCIOUSNESS IN RUSSIA IN THE 1990S: CAUSES AND MANIFESTATIONS

The article discusses the issue that a special place is occupied by the problem of the negative impact of the growth of latent crime on the attitude of the population to law enforcement agencies. When assessing the level of criminalization of society, it is necessary to take into account such characteristics of crime that do not allow us to unambiguously assess the criminal situation in the country as prosperous.

Key words: crime, crime assessment, recidivism, organized crime, criminalization of society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.013

A.N. TRYAKIN Researcher, Moscow, Russia

SEARCH FOR THE MISSING IN ACTION DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR

The article covers the ideas and proposals for the organization of work aimed at finding the names of soldiers who were missing in action during the Great Patriotic War.

Considered the issues of figuring out the fate of soldiers, the dead and the missing in action, the main search directions, and systematization of data, using the capabilities of the software "Digital Register".

Key words: Second World War, missing in actions, the Great Patriotic War, Soviet war graves, archival research work, military memorial activities, perpetuating the memory of the Fallen Defenders of the Fatherland, Digital Register.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.014

V.V. CHEBAREV Applicant, Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

S.I. DYAKOV Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

A.V. GOROKHOV Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences Military Academy of Communications named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.M. Budyonny, St. Petersburg, Russia

ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICER ARTILLERY SCHOOL (OASH) IN DISTRIBUTION OF OFFICIAL AND PRIVATE PUBLICATIONS (CHARTERS, TEXTBOOKS, TUTORIALS, PROBLEMS AND FORMS

Purpose of the study. Consider the activities of community schools aimed at distributing official and private publications, charters, textbooks, teaching aids and forms. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to analyze all the publications available in the local school library for sale at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as its products (reference books, forms, notes...), and a separate issue to address published articles in the school’s journal “Bulletin of the School” from 1912-1914. their number and direction. Research methods: analytical, scientific, comparison, historical-systematic. Key conclusions: the activity of the community school in the training of artillery officers for the Russian army was significant, as evidenced by the advanced experience of teachers, which the school disseminated through official, private publications and its magazine, to which not only Russian officers subscribed, but also a subscription was opened for foreign military specialists.

Key words: Bulletin of the Officer Artillery School (OASH), Edition. Benefit, Artillery Committee, Main Artillery Directorate (GAU), Officer Artillery School, Magazine.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.015

A.A. SHADYSHKOV Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

A.V. STOLYAROV Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

THE STATE AND PROBLEMS OF TRAINING MACHINE OPERATORS FOR AGRICULTURE (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION)

The article attempted to conduct a retrospective analysis of the state of staffing of mass professions as machine operators of MTS and LZS. The significant role of the district committees of the CPSU in the process of resolving personnel issues for agriculture is shown. In the course of his work, the author, on the basis of previously attracted unknown archival documents from the storage facilities of the State Archive of Recent History of the Ulyanovsk Region and the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region, as well as periodic press materials, considered the current problem of the provision of MTS personnel and the solution of these issues.

Key words: Agriculture, Ulyanovsk region, Mashino-tractor stations (MTS), Forest protection stations (LZS), collective farm, school of mechanization, personnel.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.016

S.I. DYAKOV Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

S.YU. DOBRYAK Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

V.E. VANYAGIN Candidate of Military Sciences St. Petersburg Military Institute of the Order of Zhukov of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia

ABOUT THE RESULTS OF THE WORK OF THE GRADUATE EXAMINATION COMMISSIONS AT THE RYAZAN ARTILLERY SCHOOL FROM 1946 TO 1957

Purpose of the study. Conduct an analysis of the results of the work of the final examination commissions at the Ryazan Artillery School from 1946 to 1957. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to analyze the results of the final examination commissions and the conclusions drawn from them, as well as to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative results of the graduations. Research methods: historical-systemic, analytical, scientific, comparison. Key conclusions: the school management, teaching staff and commanders of cadet units did a lot in order to prepare highly qualified graduates, significant attention was paid to the newly introduced training specialties and specialization disciplines (physical foundations of radar, combat work at radio engineering radio stations, the material part of radio engineering radio stations).

Key words: Artillery, Ryazan Artillery School (RAU), Commission, Chairman, Exams, Fire fighters, Topographers, Sound meterers, Photogrammetrists, Light meterers.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.017

E.YA. DOBRYNINA Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy of politics and law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE FORMATION OF THE PROBLEM FIELD IN THE THEORIES OF THE INFORMATION SOCITY

The focus of the article is on the changes taking place in the socio-political space in the information society of the first quarter of the XXI century. Today, the search for the optimal structure of society existing in the knowledge industry is the task of all developed and developing countries. The formation of global information and knowledge markets has led to a change in the way of political strategies, on the one hand, and the emergence of crisis phenomena, on the other. The article attempts to describe a new stage in understanding the new socio-political reality, based on the works of modern political philosophers and social theorists who addressed the problem of transformation of the information society.

Key words: information society, digitalization, digital world, knowledge society, modern culture.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.018

A.А. ZHOKHOVA PhD Student, Department of Political Analysis, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF WOMEN'S POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

The research problem of studying women's leadership lies in the insufficient knowledge of the factors and features of the development of women’s leadership in the formation of political elites. All this requires the author not only to systematize existing theories and concepts, but also to apply new approaches to previously studied materials. This study will form the background for the creation of a new theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of female leadership in political science. The purpose of the study was to identify the specifics of such a theoretical basis for the study of women’s political leadership, characteristics of the main problems and their systematization, as well as defining the methodological basis for more objective study of the problem of female leadership in political science. The goal predetermined the formulation of the following objectives: 1) to characterize the phenomenon of political leadership in science; 2) to identify problem areas in the study of women's political leadership in political science; 3) to systematize methodological approaches for research women's political leadership. To obtain scientific results among the main ones the author used the following methods: comparative-historical approach, political-textual analysis of sources, case study. The author's special attention is focused on the theory of institutionalization of gender equality policy, as well as the history of the development of women’s social movements, suffrage organizations and their leaders as prerequisites for the formation of the phenomenon of women’s political leadership. The author focuses on the study of theoretical material regarding the image of female political leaders and theories about stereotypes about female leadership in politics. These topics are largely associated with psychodynamic theories of personality.

Key words: leadership in political science, women's political leadership, theory and methodology, gender balance.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.019

P.E. STEPANOV Graduate student, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

VECTOR TO THE EAST? ON CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF CONSUMPTION OF POLITICAL INFORMATION AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE IRKUTSK REGION IN THE PERIOD OF 2020-2023

With the growing level of digitalization throughout the world, the principles and methods of political communication are changing and its share in the consumption structure is increasing. At the same time, the structure of information consumption of citizens, in particular those who have access to the Internet, one way or another includes the agenda of international political relations. It appears that the process of globalization and the concept of “soft power” are increasing the positive representation of friendly countries and increasing the share of content consumption related to that country. This article examines the representation of the political and economic rapprochement between Russia and China in the media using the example of the Irkutsk region. To test this hypothesis, a content analysis of popular political information channels in the Irkutsk region was carried out for references to China in them, and the results of focus groups on the formation of information flows of residents of the city of Irkutsk were used. Thus, content analysis of regional media showed that various aspects of Russian-Chinese relations are reflected in sufficient detail. However, the results of the focus groups indicated greater interest in events in Ukraine and the United States, while China was on the periphery of respondents’ consciousness. The reasons for such conclusions may be information noise, that is, an overabundance of political information flows, which leads to the manipulation of certain news channels by the media, as well as personal interest in an agenda that directly concerns the life of the population of the city of Irkutsk.

Key words: political communication, media, political information, China, Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.020

A.M. TERESHENKOV Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Global Processes of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

STATE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION TO COUNTERACTION THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: FEDERAL AND REGIONAL LEVELS

The article is devoted to the development and transformation of the state policy of the Russian Federation to counteract the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The role of Russian regions in the implementation of this policy is considered. It is noted that the set of anti-crisis measures implemented by the Russian leadership at the initial stage of the pandemic was mainly systematic and emphasized strategic in nature. This allows us to talk about a very detailed preventive study of the COVID-19 counteraction strategy at the federal level.

It is stated that the decentralized approach of responding to the «pandemic challenge» – giving the heads of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation additional powers – was also generally effective. Its implementation provided to solve problems of both medical and preventive and socio-economic nature more quickly, focusing on the specifics of the epidemiological and social situation in Russian regions.

Key words: state policy, COVID-19, pandemic, subjects of the Russian Federation, regions, additional powers.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.021

I.YU. ZALYSIN Doctor of political sciences, professor of Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF DIGITALIZATION OF RUSSIAN EDUCATION

The article analyzes some aspects of the digital transformation of the education system in the Russian Federation. The reasons, essence and main directions of digitalization are revealed. It is shown that this process is due to the objective needs of the current stage of social development, first of all, the transition to a new type of economy. The tasks of digital education are analyzed, the difficulties that arise in the process of digital transformation of education are revealed. The positive and negative consequences of the digitalization of Russian education are revealed.

Key words: digitalization, education, directions of digitalization of education, the importance of digitalization of the education system, risks of digital transformation of education.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.022

A.A. FROLOV PhD student, Department of state politics, Faculty of political science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWNS AS A TRADITIONAL ELEMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM: HISTORICAL AND POLITOLOGICAL ASPECTS

The successful development of the Russian state, ensuring a sustainable increase in the standard of living of the country's population and the development of the potential of the state's territories in the current geopolitical and economic conditions are impossible without a deep understanding of the measures used in these areas. The narrowing of the possible range of actions is especially critical for objects of political and administrative management with increased risks of deterioration of the socio-economic situation, which include single-industry towns. The long-term lack of progress in the work to overcome the single-industry nature of settlements makes it urgent to search and analyze new factors that were not previously taken into account in the analysis. The purpose of our work is to identify the historical factors determining the emergence and development of single-industry settlements in Russia. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to implement the following tasks: 1. Determine the features of the creation of single-industry towns on the territory of the Russian state in various periods of its existence; 2. Analyze the features of the implementation of social policy in the field of interaction between government bodies and the administrations of city-forming enterprises in a historical perspective; 3. Identify country-specific features and historical aspects of the implementation of social policy in single-industry towns, compare them with similar experiences of foreign countries. The methods of our research are: historical analysis, comparative analysis, structural and functional analysis. The results of our research include conclusions about the normality of the emergence and existence of single-industry towns in a market economy, data on the peculiarities of the emergence of single-industry towns in Russia that influence their functioning at the present time, information about the limitations of the applicability of foreign experience in overcoming the single-industry nature of settlements.

Key words: state policy, regional policy, social policy, single-industry towns.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.023

YU.YU. GRYADUNOV Graduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia

APPROACHES TO THE CONCEPT OF «TRADITIONAL VALUES»

The concept of «traditional values» is nowadays actively used by representatives of the state authorities, media personalities and conservative publicists, which requires analysing the available approaches to the comprehension of this category and indicates the relevance of this study. Purpose of the paper: to analyse the approaches to the concept of «traditional values». This goal mediates the fulfilment of the following tasks: to identify the key ideas of the concept of «invented traditions» by E. Hobsbawm; to reveal the essence of traditional values as understood by representatives of religious movements; to explain what is included in the category of «family values». The material basis of the study was formed by the works of the following authors: V.S. Magun, M.G. Rudnev, Y.V. Shapoval, L.V. Baeva, Y.S. Garanov, A.A. Eliseeva, E. Hobsbawm. Based on the above, we conclude that the most comprehensive and fair approach is the concept of "invented traditions" by E. Hobsbawm, according to which TC is a set of practices regulated openly, the basis for the functioning of which are tacitly accepted rules. They demonstrate the character of symbolism. The introduction of certain values and norms of behaviour into society by establishing continuity with the historical past is the essence of TC. Despite the fact that any TCs refer to the past, most often they represent a modern reaction to current events.

Key words: traditional values, practices, customs, family, religion, fundamentalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.024

A.G. KOVALCHUK Graduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF CIVIL PARTICIPATION IN POLITICAL GOVERNANCE PROCESSES IN MODERN RUSSIA

The article reveals the current problem of citizen participation in management processes in modern Russian practice. The study goal is to identify the main institutional filters, bureaucratic obstacles and administrative problems of the participation by Russian citizens in the political governance at the regional and local levels. According to the goal, the following tasks were solved: the main approaches to the study of civil participation in political processes were identified; problems of civil participation are systematized and generalized and the prospects for civil participation in the processes of political governance in modern Russia are considered.

The research methodology is based on a systems approach and includes methods of a general scientific group (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction); as well as a number of special methods: historiographical analysis of the topic being studied; comparative analysis, political analysis (system-historical; system-component; system-structural; system-functional). Based on the results, the author concluded that in modern Russian political practice, informal network mechanisms of interaction between individual social groups and government institutions dominate, which significantly reduces formal interaction with government structures in the field of governance at the regional and local levels. Nevertheless, the author considers the creation of specially oriented programs for such interaction to be a promising direction for the interaction of civil participation in the processes of political governance in modern Russia.

Key words: political regionalism, political participation, process of political governance, mechanisms of state-civil interaction, political analysis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.025

M.V. AFONIN Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, processes and technologies of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

A.L. KRIVOVA Senior lecturer of the department socio-political institutions, processes and technologies Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

B.P. KRTYAN Teacher of the department socio-political institutions, processes and technologies Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

D.S. RODIONOVA Teacher of the department socio-political institutions, processes and technologies of the Russian state social university, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN RIGHT PROTECTION AS AN INTERNATIONAL RIGHT INSTITUTION

The article deals with the protection of children's rights in various historical epochs and legal acts, including the modern UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The concepts of juvenile justice and the specifics of its implementation are given, the main provisions regulating its activities are described.

Key words: juvenile justice, legal protection, criminal procedure process, specialization of the process.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.026

E.S. USTINOVICH Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Accredited Expert in the scientific and technical field, Moscow, Russia

I.A. SELEZNEV Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Associate Professor of the Faculty of Sociology at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

A.V. BREDIKHIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF MONGOLIA INTO THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

A formative element of Mongolia’s foreign policy is cooperation with one of the currently influential Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in the international arena. Currently, the relations of the Mongolian state with the member countries of this international structure can be called close and promising. What are the origins of this collaboration? When did the authorities of Ulaanbaatar choose a platform for international dialogues? As part of this study, the authors will try to reveal the main points of interaction and show its prospects.

Key words: integration, Mongolia, cross-border cooperation, Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.027

E.V. VILKOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Socio-Political Communications, Institute of International Relations and World History, Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

S.YU. VOLKOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of World Diplomacy and International Law, Institute of International Relations and World History, Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

S.M. MATASOVA Specialist in International Relations, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN WITH THE USSR AND THE USA FROM 1947 TO 1971

This article analyzes the dynamics of the relationship between the former parts of British India (India and Pakistan) with the two superpowers of the Cold War era (the USSR and the USA) in the period from the independence in 1947 to the Third Indo-Pakistani War in 1971.

The authors identify the key factors that influenced the formation of the foreign policy of both newly formed states, as well as the reasons for the periodic alienetions in their communications with the superpowers. The peacemaking, humanistic rhetoric of Indian leaders, starting with Mahatma Gandhi, was fully consistent with the stated international goals of the Soviet Union, while Soviet demonstrative atheistic views contradicted the religious leaders of Pakistan. At the same time, both former British colonies sought to achieve maximum economic benefits from blocking with leading states during the period of a bipolar world order. The influence of the personal aspect of international politics and the impact of the foreign policy of superpowers in other regions of the world are also noted.

Based on the results of the study, the conclusions are made regarding the pattern of support of India by the USSR, and Pakistan by the United States during the Indo-Pakistan conflict of 1971.

Key words: India, Pakistan, USSR, USA, Indo-Pakistan conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.028

N.R. BALYNSKAYA Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Vice-Rector GBOU HE "South Ural State Institute of Arts" them. P.I. Tchaikovsky", Chelyabinsk, Russia

R.A. MURTAZIN Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of MiSU, FSBEI HE "Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after. G.I. Nosova", Magnitogorsk, Russia

A.V. BREDIKHIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION between MONGOLIA AND THE CHINA REGION INNER MONGOLIA

The border region of Inner Mongolia is one of the largest areas in northeast China. The article examines the main areas of cooperation between this region and the state of Mongolia and its border areas. The economic aspect is highlighted and the question of increasing the relevance of the research topic is raised in connection with the prospects for the integration of Mongolia into the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

Key words: Inner Mongolia, Mongolia, cross-border cooperation, transport, trade, tourism, SCO.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.029

M.A. MAYSTAT Ph.D. (Candidate of Political Sciences), Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

SAJJAD ZERAAT PEYMA Associate Professor at the Department of Engineering and Construction Technology of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Tegeran, Iran

JAVAD ZERAAT PEYMA PhD student at the Department of Political Science of Institute of history and policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Tegeran, Iran

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, ex-Deputy Minister of Russia for Cooperation with CIS States, Moscow, Russia

AMERICAN POLICIES IN EURASIA: THE CHALLENGES OF EMERGING POWER OF CHINA

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it seems that the current world order, which was previously unilaterally determined by America for years, has faced serious challenges with the rise of China. Although China, unlike America, does not have aggressive policies, but with its rapid economic development, it has worried America. Perhaps, in their opinion, China is the same as America in the 1950s. Therefore, the US is inclined to continue its expansion in Eurasia under any pretext. From this point of view, many challenges between China and America are likely. This research has been done with the aim of examining the American policies in Eurasia and the challenge with the emerging power of China. Unlike Russia, which has entered a military phase with the West, China's influence is more ambiguous and cautious, and China is more willing to counter through soft power. The results of the research show that although China is willing to use the existing international order to continue playing a bigger role in the multilateral scene and does not agree with military confrontation with the West, but the United States tends to enter China into a different space of competition under various pretexts.

Key words: Eurasia, China, United States, international system, Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.030

D.A. NIKOLAEVA Doctor of historical sciences, professor, East-Siberian State Institute of Culture, Ulan-Ude, Russia

FUNDAMENTALS OF THE FORMATION OF MODERN DANCE CULTURE IN CHINA

The author, considering modern Chinese choreography, identified the preserved historical and genetic foundations of archaic dances associated with the cult of fertility and the emperor, as well as foreign ethnic and cultural influence, both at the level of dance technique and religious views, which affected the formation of modern choreographic art. Chinese dance traces the semantics of the deep connection between the human spirit and body. National traditions and intercultural innovations have created a unique system of Chinese choreographic art.

Key words: Folk choreography, cult of nature, emperor, intercultural connections, external, internal world, integrity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.031

CHENYU Master, Higher School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

EVOLUTION OF RUSSIAN-CHINESE RELATIONS IN THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT

In the last few years, China and Russia have experienced a significant economic and political rapprochement, marked by the conclusion of numerous trade agreements, economic deals, the creation of investment projects, and cooperation in many other areas, from science to culture. But the history of Russian-Chinese relations is not limited to the last two decades. It dates back to the 17th century, the very time when the first embassies from Russia traveled to China to establish trade ties between the two countries. The author of this article characterizes each historical period of Russian-Chinese relations. In the process of research he concludes that in the development of partnership and mutually beneficial cooperation between the states is important not ideology, which the countries may not coincide, and not even friendship, which is not eternal, but the coincidence of national interests.

Key words: Russian-Chinese relations, cooperation, China, Qing Empire, Russia, Soviet Union.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.032

LIU XIN Master, Faculty of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE SOVEREIGN STATE AS A BASIC ACTOR OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

This article examines key theoretical issues related to empirical studies of state sovereignty and its place in the system of international relations. The article examines recent research on sovereignty, state and international relations in the context of a unified concept. The results of this study can help analysts derive empirically testable propositions about the historical status of sovereignty and future prospects for its position in the modern system of international relations.

Key words: sovereignty, state, international relations, international law, history and theory of state and law.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.033

E.S. SHCHERBACHEVICH Postgraduate, Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

THE SOVIET-PERUVIAN AND RUSSIAN-PERUVIAN RELATIONS IN 1969-2000

The article provides the analysis of the Soviet-Peruvian and then Russian-Peruvian relations, starting from the year of establishment of diplomatic relations and up to the end of the 20th century. The emphasis is placed on cooperation in political-diplomatic, trade-economic and military-technical areas. The period of activity in the 1970s, the period of decline in the 1980s and the period of revival of the relations in the 1990s are being analyzed. A special place is given to military-technical cooperation, which was the most intense and formed the basis of our contacts, which made Peru at the end of the 20th century the second country on the continent after Cuba in terms of the number of Soviet weapons. The analysis of trade and economic ties and cooperation within the military-technical cooperation contains novelty and relevance, due to the extremely small amount of materials on this topic.

Key words: Latin America, Peru, foreign policy, bilateral and multilateral cooperation, Soviet-Peruvian relations, military-technical cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.034

A.G. VOLOVIKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of National and Federal relations of the Institute of Public Service and Management Russian Academy of National Economy and State service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

V.M. KULESHOV Senior lecturer at the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and International Cooperation, Institute of Public Administration and Management, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

EVOLUTION OF THE DOCTRINAL FOUNDATIONS OF NATO POLICY

The relevance of the topic of this article is since short-term and long-term prospects create a feeling that the European security system is on the breakdown, an analysis of the doctrinal foundations of NATO policy as an institution of the military policy of Western countries towards Russia is necessary.

This study allowed us to conclude that the Alliance retains a leading position in the common European military policy, while going far beyond the geographical limits of the zone of operation of Article 5 of the Washington Treaty.

Key words: NATO, USA, USSR, Russian Federation, international security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.035

E.I. GREBENNIKOVA Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia

RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE ARABIAN MONARCHIES: EXPERT ASSESSMENT

The article aims to analyze the current state of relations between Russia and the Arabian monarchies, as well as to identify Moscow's priorities in the Gulf region. To achieve this, the author employed the method of expert interviews to gather up-to-date and relevant information. Through this study, the main aspects of the Russia-Gulf monarchies relations were identified, including the interests of both parties. Additionally, the article examined the influential external actors in the region and outlined the tasks that Russia needs to address in its dealings with the Gulf monarchies.

Key words: Arabian monarchies, Persian Gulf countries, Russian-Arab relations, Russian foreign policy.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.036

DAI YUYAO Master, Faculty of political science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA WITHIN THE BOUNDS OF THE “BELT AND ROAD” INITIATIVE

This article is devoted to the development of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in the context of the Chinese global initiative “One Belt, One Road” implementation. This project, proposed by the leaders of China, is the most global economic project of our time. And within the bounding of this project, cooperation between China and Russia is quite extensive. But the author of this article emphasizes the economic component of this cooperation. This publication analyzes such important areas of strategic partnership between China and Russia as energy cooperation, transport infrastructure, trade, agriculture, Arctic exploration. The author of the article pays special attention to cooperation in the field of energy (oil, coal, natural gas). The creation of transport corridors, on which depends the success of all areas implemented within the bounding of the project “One Belt, One Road” is of great importance for both countries. The author concludes that “One Belt, One Road” initiative increases the degree of mutual trust between Russia and China and satisfies the national interests of both countries.

Key words: “One Belt, One Road” initiative, Russian-Chinese cooperation, transportation infrastructure, energy, oil, gas.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.037

F.R. ZHIRKOV Master's student in the Global Processes Faculty M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MAIN DIRECTIONS OF RUSSIA'S FOREIGN POLICY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY

The problematics of the topic is conditioned by the fact that despite the collapse of the Soviet Union and the rapid integration of Russia into the Western world, our country has not been accepted into the pan-European family of nations. Over time, the contradictions began to grow, because of which the world began to talk about a new cold war, which carries the threat of unleashing a world war. The purpose of this paper is to identify the peculiarities of Russia's foreign policy in the early XXI century, as well as to establish the ways of its evolution and development. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are formulated:

1) determine the conditions and factors of Russia's foreign policy formation;

2) identify the key players on the world stage;

3) identify trends in international relations of the period under consideration:

4) determine the place and role of the West in Russia's foreign policy;

5) determine the prospects of Russia's policy.

The following theoretical and methodological bases of the research were used for writing the paper: political science (methods of studying international relations), general scientific, philosophical methods, including analysis and synthesis.

After B.N. Yeltsin there were many problems that V.V. Putin had to solve. Putin had to solve. The most acute were the situations in Chechnya, in the post-Soviet space, the fight against international terrorism was actively pursued, etc. High prices for energy resources favoured Russia's economic development, which provided opportunities to expand its influence in the world. Western countries could no longer look at Russia from the position of a winner, as it was in the 90s. Russia had to remember that it was a world power with its own national interests. In this regard, there was a need to implement a global policy that envisaged cooperation with the countries of Asia, Africa and South America. Russia no longer looks at Western countries as a benchmark, realising its own civilisational significance.

Key words: Putin, NATO, US, Bush, multipolar world, UN.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.038

D.I. POLISCHUK Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

S.S. ZAKHARCHUK Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST IN THE STATE INTERSTATE COOPERATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND CHINA

The Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China are now continental powers. The level of foreign policy coverage that such major powers have achieved today has few precedents in their history. For a long time, the use of the two types of the Russian Federation and the PRC affects the commonality of positions on important issues of the global level, including the problems of the formation of a multipolar world order, the preservation of the role of the UN, the obligatory nature of strategic stability and security, carried out through the framework of cooperation in the SCO, the application of the concepts of human rights and international sovereignty. In addition, the rapprochement factors are: the etatist nature of the political systems of both states, as well as competition with the United States. At the moment, Moscow and Beijing are not formally allies, but the obligations they have assumed under a number of agreements bring them very close to this status.

The article analyzes the genesis and prerequisites for cooperation between the Russian Federation and the PRC in the period of the 1990s - 2000s, as well as the formation of the regulatory and institutional framework for the partnership between the Russian Federation and the PRC. Separately, the role of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District in cooperation between Russia and China in the economic, military-political, and humanitarian fields is emphasized.

Key words: China, international cooperation, Far East, Far Eastern Federal District, SCO.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.039

YA.D. ROGOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

S.A. TOKAREVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.D. KOSTINA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

APPLICATION OF UNILATERAL RESTRICTIVE MEASURES IN PRACTICE AGAINST CUBA AND RUSSIA

The article examines the use of unilateral restrictive measures, such as sanctions, in the context of international relations, using the examples of the U.S. application of trade restrictive measures against Cuba in 1960 and the sanctions measures against Russia in 2014. The author analyzes the different types of restrictive measures taken by countries and international organizations and examines their impact on the economy, politics and social aspects of the two countries. The article also examines the motivations and purposes of such measures, as well as their consequences for the countries on which they are imposed. The analysis takes into account the changing global political environment and the impact of digital technology on the effectiveness and effect of restrictive measures in today's world. The results and conclusions of the article will help to better understand the role of unilateral restrictive measures in global relations and their impact on countries.

Key words: international relations, security, restrictive measures, legal regulation, sanctions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.040

SUNHENG Master, Faculty of Journalism, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS ON THE WAY TO INSTITUTIONALIZATION

The article explores the process of development and institutionalization of media communications. The author analyzes the main trends and changes occurring in the field of media communications and considers them in the context of their influence on public institutions. The author emphasizes the importance of institutionalizing media communications and calls for increased practical research in this area. He points out the need to develop and implement mechanisms that will ensure transparency and openness of the media, as well as guarantee access to a variety of information for society.

Key words: media communications, institutionalization, Internet, media, journalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.041

D.V. BRATKOVSKAYA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

S.A. IVANTSOV Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF JOSEPH NYE AND THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF HIS SOFT POWER THEORY

The concept of force as the main foreign policy resource of the state in the theory and practice of world politics can hardly be overestimated. Representatives of different schools of international relations research have addressed the analysis of this category in different historical periods. Not so long ago, the resource components of state power were traditionally assessed exclusively in the military or economic context, and the military-industrial complex was considered the main tool of the arsenal of political influence; today, however, such factors as economic success, ideological credibility and cultural attractiveness of the country come to the forefront of indicators, and the toolkit is replenished with completely new methods and strategies.

In this article, the author examines Joseph Nye's theory of "soft power" as central to the definition of the non-power toolkit, and considers its development in a number of other concepts of non-power influence.

Key words: international relations, politics, foreign policy, foreign policy toolkit, soft power, Joseph Nye, hard power, sharp power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.103.10.042

N.S. DUBKOV Student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

D.A. VOLZHANIN student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

D.V. LITVINENKO student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

MIGRATION POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES IN MODERN CONDITIONS (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF FRANCE AND GERMANY)

Today, many countries in Western Europe are pursuing a migration policy and, in connection with it, are faced with certain problems that arise from the methods chosen by these states. States accept a huge number of migrants who do not want to assimilate, repeatedly violate laws and do not want to find work, which causes dissatisfaction among taxpayers, whose taxes fund benefits. But are migrants themselves to blame for their situation? The purpose of this work will be to analyze the migration policies of France and Germany in order to identify its effectiveness.

Key words: migration, European Union, migration policy, assimilation.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 13. Issue 11 (104), 2023

CONTENTS

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Abdulaeva M.I. Russian Science and the Eastern Caucasus in the 19th Century
• Akimova V.S. Geocultural Image of the Historical Space of the Arctic Regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
• Aliyeva L.V., Garchu N. The Image of the Russian Empire External Enemy at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century on the Pages of the Newspaper “Pskov Diocese Statements”
• Belaya E.G. Folklore as a Means of Ethnic Education of Nanaits of Khabarovsk Territory
• Lyubimov A.A., Golykh A.V. Legislative Activity of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Empire in the Field of Judicial System and Judicial Proceedings under the Leadership of N.V. Muravyev (1894-1905)
• Huseynov Yu.M., Sirazhudinova S.V. Traditional Rituals and Religious Practices in the Life of Dagestan Women in the First Half of the XX Century
• Guseinova B.M. Speciai Features Of The Economis Life Of The Higlenders Of The Eastern Trans-Causcaus In Xviii-Xix Cent
• Dyakov S.I., Perevalov I.N., Dobryak S.Yu., Dyakov I.S. The System of Retraining and Advanced Training of Officers for Artillery and Missile Formations, Units and Subdivisions in the Course of the Reform of the Armed Forces of the USSR in 1953-1964
• Ilyichev I.V. Training, Placement and Education of Personnel of Collective Farms, State Farms and MTS (Based on Materials of the Ulyanovsk Region)
• Kashin V.M. Changes in the Religious Policy of the Soviet Government in 1918-1932: on the Example of the Orthodox Brotherhoods of Petrograd-Leningrad
• Kuchumov I.V. Large Cities of Bashkiria in the Materials Of The Us Cia (1950s)
• Nikolaeva D.A. Traditions and Innovations in the World View Syncretism of the Religious Consciousness of the Buryats
• Perehozhikh S.A. On the Issue of the June (1988) Plenum of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU
• Satsuta S.A. On the Role of Ideology in the Formation of the Red Army
• Semenov I.A. Development of Secondary Vocational Education in the Territory of the Chuvash Republic in the Field of Agriculture: Based on the Activities of Alatyr Agricultural Technique
• Nikitin M.A. Ethics of Field Research on the Example of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District – Yugra
• Snezhkova I.A. Ukraine's Information War with Russia after the Beginning of Special Military Operation
• Shalygina N.V. Modern Russian World in the USA (Methodology for Studying Identity)

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

• Furman F.P. On the Question of Some Aspects of Understanding the Political Role of Russian Populism
• Zhao Lei. Cybergeopolitics: a New Direction in Geopolitics

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Vyshnepolsky S.V. Trends in the Participation of Russian Political Parties in Solving Global Environmental Problems
• Mamaraev R.M. Assessment of Dagestan Youth Political Activity of the Representative and Legislative Authorities of the Republic of Dagestan
• Peshkova V.M. Legislative Basis for Regional Migration Policy (the Example of St. Petersburg)
• Popadyuk A.E. Armed Rebellion PMC "Wagner"
• Prokhorov D.V., Rassadin A.A., Andronova I.V., Shigin M.D. Features of Electronic Government Development in the Russian Federation at the Regional Level (Based on the Example of the Samara Region)

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

• Aminov F.M., Belskikh D.V. Regional Economic Policy: Current Trends and Directions for Improvement
• Sazonov S.S. Anti-Drug Policy in the Russian Federation: Historical Aspect
• Tikhonov A.E. Migrant Integration Policy as a Tool for Shaping the Image of Global Cities

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

• Safin F.G., Skogorev S.V., Khusainova S.S. The Russian Language as a Factor of Unification of Peoples in the Eurasian Space
• Shangaraev R.N., Ivochkina A.S. Central Asia in the Geopolitical Space of Eurasia
• Biryukov S.A. Russia and China in Central Asia: Challenges, Trends, Prospects
• Zakirov B.B. The Role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Ensuring Regional Security Amid the Formation of a New World Order
• Cao Huan. Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) as a Regional Integration Organization: Theoretical and Practical Aspects
• Lomtev A.V., Maystat M.A., Medvedev N.P. The Main Conflicts of the Cuban Political Model at the Present Stage
• Mailov T.D., Grebennikova E.I. Peculiarities of Political Studies in the Arab Countries
• Nikulin M.A., Dyadkova V.S., Efremenkova A.E., Zeynalova S.V. Brazil's Approaches to Achieving Sustainable Development at the Regional Level
• Idoyadov S.A.-A. Geopolitical Triangle: Palestine, Iran and Israel
• Karenin D.M. Japan and EU: Cooperation in the Security Field
• Proco Christie, Kulay Ardit, Monokina A.S. The Role of the European Union in the Resolution of Conflicts in the Balkans and in the Mediterranean (Conflict Cases: Kosovo-Serbia, Greece-Turkey)
• Naonov M.M. Turkey's Regional Security in the Context of the Kurdish Problem

STUDENT SCIENCE

• Baskakova A.S., Melnikova A.S. The Main Areas of Cooperation Between the GCC Countries and Central Asia
• Kalaev Ya.A. Criticism of the Role of the State in Marxist Political Thought
• Norvin V.N., Vydolob D.E., Tarasova A.S. The Problem of the "Stowaway" in Eco-Friendly Production: Opportunistic Behavior of Entrepreneurs or How to Make a Business Eco-Friendly

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.002

M.I. ABDULAEVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences IIAE DFRC RAS, Makhachkala, Russia

RUSSIAN SCIENCE AND THE EASTERN CAUCASUS IN THE 19TH CENTURY

The article highlights the process of development of domestic Caucasian studies as a result of the purposeful and systematic activities of the Academy of Sciences, as well as the Russian Geographical Society, the Military Topographical Department of the General Staff, the Mining Department and other institutions.

The main instrument for studying the region were expeditions, through which a comprehensive study of the Eastern Caucasus, begun by the Imperial Academy of Sciences back in the 18th century, continued, as well as scientific research by topographers, military doctors, etc. They collected a large amount of statistical, historical-ethnographic, archaeological, natural-geographical data. The material created a solid scientific basis for a comprehensive study of the Eastern Caucasus.

Key words: Russian science, Eastern Caucasus, Academy of Sciences, expeditions, geographical society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.001

V.S. AKIMOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of World, National History, Ethnology, Archeology, Historical Faculty, North-Eastern Federal University M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia

GEOCULTURAL IMAGE OF THE HISTORICAL SPACE OF THE ARCTIC REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)

The article considers the geocultural space of indigenous peoples as the cultural code of the image of the territory of the Arctic regions of Yakutia. The scientific problem considered in this article is connected with the study, comprehension and creation of the cultural and historical image of the Arctic regions of Yakutia as the cultural core of the spatial development of ethnic groups in modern conditions. The article touches upon the formation of the image of the circumpolar world as the cultural and historical heritage and traditions of the indigenous peoples of the North, which determined the stable cultural realities and ideas formed in a certain territory as a result of coexistence, interaction, mutual influence of various cultural traditions and norms, values, perception of the surrounding world and created the image of a single historical space of the Russian Arctic. At the same time, the geocultural image of the Arctic territories is considered as durable, adapted to various extreme natural and climatic conditions.

Key words: geocultural space, image of the territory, identity of the territory, cultural code, historical and cultural landscape.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.004

L.V. ALIYEVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Pskov State University, Pskov, Russia

N. GARCHU Student of the Faculty of History, Pskov State University, Pskov, Russia

THE IMAGE OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE EXTERNAL ENEMY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ON THE PAGES OF THE NEWSPAPER “PSKOV DIOCESE STATEMENTS”

The article examines the features of displaying the images of Russia's opponents in the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905 and the First World War on the pages of the regional diocesan press. The analysis of sources showed that the Pskov diocese, on the pages of its periodicals, sought to support the state policy of relations with other countries by creating a negative image of an external enemy, presenting it as an adherent of a different faith.

Key words: Enemy image, Pskov eparchy, Pskov Diocese Statements, Russian-Japanese War, World War I, clergy, historical imagology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.008

E.G. BELAYA Senior Researcher, Institute of History, archeology and ethnography of peoples, Far East FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia

FOLKLORE AS A MEANS OF ETHNIC EDUCATION OF NANAITS OF KHABAROVSK TERRITORY

The regional public organization “Association of Indigenous Minorities of the North” of Khabarovsk considers the problem of preserving and developing national culture as an integral part of ethnocultural education. Its main activities are the protection of the rights and interests of indigenous peoples, the formation of national identity. The state financially supports the activities of national centers and cultural events.

The revival and preservation of the national tradition is shaped by an appeal to values, including through folk pedagogy. The interdistrict regional competition "The best teacher of the native language" is organized with significant motivation and the opportunity to exchange experience for teachers. They hold a regional Olympiad on the knowledge of the native language, national culture among students.

With the help of folk pedagogy, through Nanai fairy tales, legends, myths, moral consciousness was formed, much attention was paid to family traditions. According to our observations, the main place for studying the knowledge of Nanai culture is a kindergarten, a school where the native language is taught by qualified teachers. Oral folk art occupies one of the key places in the life of the Nanai people. From early childhood, their stories were introduced to the traditional patriarchal family way of life, certain rules of behavior, and everyday labor practices. Of greatest interest for our research were works that represent folklore material published in collections by A. Chadaeva, K. M. Beldy, G. A. Beldy, V. A. Avrorina, E. D. Samar, L. E. Fetisova, Kile Nikolai Batunovich systematized the folklore material of the indigenous small people of the Amur. The authors explore the features of Nanai narrative folklore, consider the educational specifics of narrative works, reflected in plots and motives for the younger generation.

Key words: national education, folklore, Nanais, traditions, education, culture.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.006

А.А. LYUBIMOV Candidate of historical sciences, Associate professor, Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Yershov branch of Tyumen State University, Ishim, Russia

A.V. GOLYKH Bachelor of Ishim Pedagogical Institute named after P.P. Ershov branch of Tyumen State University, Ishim, Russia

LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE FIELD OF JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF N.V. MURAVYEV (1894-1905)

The question of the role of individual historical figures on events and phenomena of reality is always in the category of relevant. This article is devoted to the analysis of the main legislative measures implemented by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Empire under the leadership of N.V. Muravyov in the period from 1894 to 1905. The purpose of the study is to identify the main activities of the Ministry of Justice in this historical period, as well as the influence of the personality of N.V. Muravyov on the transformations carried out. The following methods were used in the course of the study: analysis, synthesis, chronological and historical-comparative methods. The paper separately touches upon the problems of understanding the term "judicial counter-reform", the perception of N.V. Muravyov's personality by his contemporaries, and the improvement of the penitentiary system of the Russian state. As a result of studying the problem, it was possible to draw conclusions about the dual influence of N.V. Muravyov on the evolution of the domestic legal system. The results of the study can be used for a more complete and comprehensive reconstruction of justice at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, studying the evolution of the judicial system and judicial proceedings, as well as considering the role of ministers of justice in the activities carried out by the government.

Key words: Ministry of Justice, judicial counter-reform, N.V. Muravyev, judicial system and legal proceedings.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.007

YU.M. HUSEYNOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Humanitarian Disciplines, Dagestan State University of National Economy, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia

S.V. SIRAZHUDINOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Humanitarian Disciplines, Dagestan State University of National Economy, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia

TRADITIONAL RITUALS AND RELIGIOUS PRACTICES IN THE LIFE OF DAGESTAN WOMEN IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY

The article is devoted to the policy of the Soviet leadership regarding the emancipation of women in the first decades of Soviet power in Dagestan. After carrying out a number of transformations and reforms, the Soviet government managed to somewhat equalize the rights of men and women, however, traditional institutions of adat and Sharia continued to exist in many villages.

Despite many prohibitions of the norms of Muslim law, they continued to exist in Dagestan. The woman, in addition to her direct duties, performed a number of religious functions. Today in Dagestan there are many ziyarats where women are buried. Today, people make pilgrimages there, make prayers, ask for help from the Almighty.

Key words: gender, kalym, sharia, Dagestan, customary law.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.009

B.M. GUSEINOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Department of History of Dagestan, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia

SPECIAI FEATURES OF THE ECONOMIS LIFE OF THE HIGLENDERS OF THE EASTERN TRANS-CAUSCAUS IN XVIII-XIX CENT

The article examines the economic life of the peoples of the Eastern Transcaucasia, using the example of Avar, Tsakhur, Ingiloy (Georgian) and Mugal (Turkic) villages.

The economy of these peoples was based on agriculture, which was practiced on the plane and in the mountains. In the upland villages, farming was only of a subsidiary nature.

Cattle breeding played a significant role in the economic life of the peoples of the Eastern Transcaucasia, the forms of which were different. The author focuses on the peculiarities of the care and maintenance of livestock, on the availability of seasonal pastures, methods of foraging for different types of livestock.

The author notes the importance for the Transcaucasian highlanders of the driving form of cattle breeding. The characteristics of summer pastures (yaylags) and winter pastures (kishlags) are given.

Handicrafts and trade played a significant role in the economic life of Dagestan highlanders. It is concluded that economic and trade relations between Dagestan.

Key words: society, village, Main Caucasus Range, Main Range, Eastern Transcaucasia, craft production.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.010

S.I. DYAKOV Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of Faculty, Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

I.N. PEREVALOV Applicant, Course Officer-Lecturer Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

S.YU. DOBRYAK Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

I.S. DYAKOV Cadet, Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE SYSTEM OF RETRAINING AND ADVANCED TRAINING OF OFFICERS FOR ARTILLERY AND MISSILE FORMATIONS, UNITS AND SUBDIVISIONS IN THE COURSE OF THE REFORM OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE USSR IN 1953-1964

The article discusses the development of the system of retraining and advanced training of officers for artillery and missile formations, units and subdivisions during the years of Khrushchev's "thaw". In the period under review, in connection with the development of the scientific and technological revolution and the revolution in military affairs, significant changes were taking place in the forms and methods of using artillery and missile units in the course of their combat use, which, in turn, required restructuring educational process and expanding the range of training profiles. Changes in the training of students in new profiles have always been accompanied by the preparation by teachers of new editions (educational, methodological and scientific), the improvement of teaching techniques and methods, and changes in the educational and material base. Quantitative indicators of graduation by training profiles, including foreign specialists, are given. A landmark event in the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the USSR was the creation and re-profiling of many military educational institutions for the training of missile officers, who, when appointed to higher positions, underwent retraining and advanced training.

Key words: Artillery, Officer, Artilleryman, Rocketeer, Commander, Chief of Staff, Provisioning profile, Division, Brigade, Regiment.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.011

I.V. ILYICHEV Applicant, FSBEI HE "Mordovian State Pedagogical University named after M.E. Evseviev", Saransk, Russia; teacher in physical culture Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russia

TRAINING, PLACEMENT AND EDUCATION OF PERSONNEL OF COLLECTIVE FARMS, STATE FARMS AND MTS (BASED ON MATERIALS OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION)

The article attempted to conduct a retrospective analysis of the state of staffing of mass professions as machine operators of MTS and LZS. The significant role of the district committees of the CPSU in the process of resolving personnel issues for agriculture is shown. In the course of his work, the author, on the basis of previously unknown archival documents from the storage facilities of the State Archive of Recent History of the Ulyanovsk Region (GANI UO) and the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region (GAUO), as well as periodicals, considered the current problem of the provision of MTS personnel and the solution of these issues.

Key words: agriculture, Ulyanovsk region, MTS, collective farm, school of mechanization, personnel.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.012

V.M. KASHIN Postgraduate student of the Lobachevsky state university, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

CHANGES IN THE RELIGIOUS POLICY OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT IN 1918-1932: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ORTHODOX BROTHERHOODS OF PETROGRAD-LENINGRAD

The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in the religious policy of the Soviet government in the 1920s on the example of the post-revolutionary Orthodox brotherhoods of Petrograd-Leningrad.

An appeal to the history of the Orthodox brotherhoods of Petrograd allows us to consider how successful the efforts of believers aimed at unity and survival in the conditions of atheistic state policy. It is important to study the experience of interaction of Orthodox brotherhoods with the Soviet power, which gradually tightened its repressive policy towards them. In order to achieve these goals, a partial reconstruction of the evolution of state policy in relation to religious public associations was carried out: thanks to the analysis of the situation, based on current research, the specifics of the use of such an instrument as the "border of the legitimate" were considered. With the help of this tool, the Soviet government could establish permissible, legal frameworks for each particular denomination and determine which aspects of religious life had no place in the Soviet Union.

Key words: Orthodox brotherhoods, post-revolutionary Orthodox brotherhoods, religious associations, Petrograd, Leningrad, Alexander Nevsky brotherhood, Spassky brotherhood, the cause of Petrograd brotherhoods, religious policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.025

I.V. KUCHUMOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher, R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Studies – Subdivision of the Ufa federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia

LARGE CITIES OF BASHKIRIA IN THE MATERIALS OF THE US CIA (1950s)

The article analyzes information about the cities of Ufa and Sterlitamak contained in recently declassified documents of the US CIA. The documents date back to the 1950s. They contain detailed characteristics of geographical location, climate, economic potential and population. American intelligence officers who visited these cities describe urban life and the way of life of citizens, note the facts of shortage of goods and corruption. According to the CIA, there are no ethnic conflicts in these cities, although there are some problems.

Key words: US CIA, USSR, Ufa, Sterlitamak, Bashkortostan, intelligence, national relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.014

D.A. NIKOLAEVA Doctor of historical sciences, professor, East-Siberian State Institute of Culture, Ulan-Ude, Russia

TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS IN THE WORLD VIEW SYNCRETISM OF THE RELIGIOUS CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE BURYATS

The author, considering the historical transformation of religious consciousness among the Buryats, revealed the preserved historical and genetic foundations of archaic shamanic views on the environment, as well as the foreign ethnic and cultural influence of world religions, which reflected in the formation of the modern phenomenon of “triple formation”. In the religious consciousness of the Buryats, ideological syncretism based on shamanism, Christianity and Buddhism can be traced. National traditions, interfaith innovations and the modern environment have created a unique system of religious views.

Key words: worldview, shamanism, Christianity, Buddhism, neo-shamanism, syncretism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.015

S.A. PEREHOZHIKH Postgraduate student of the Moscow City Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF THE JUNE (1988) PLENUM OF THE MOSCOW CITY COMMITTEE OF THE CPSU

The article examines the materials of the June (1988) plenum of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU. A special interest in this plenum is due to a number of reasons: firstly, the plenum held the election of delegates from the Moscow City Party Organization to the XIX All-Union Party Conference of the CPSU, which was held in Moscow from June 28 to July 1, 1988. Secondly, the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Mikhail Gorbachev personally took part in the collective discussion of the plenum. Thirdly, the plenum was held in the context of changes in political life in the country, the transition to intra-party democracy. Thus, on the basis of the archival documents of the RGASPI, the author made an attempt to identify the special circumstances and conditions for collective decision-making at the plenum in the conditions of developing democracy and glasnost in the USSR.

Key words: Moscow City Committee of the CPSU, plenum, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, delegates, First Secretary of the CPSU Moscow City Committee, XIX All-Union Party Conference, perestroika.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.016

S.A. SATSUTA Candidate of the Department of History of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

ON THE ROLE OF IDEOLOGY IN THE FORMATION OF THE RED ARMY

Based on the analysis and understanding of archival sources, memoirs, correspondence of contemporaries of the events of the early twentieth century, the author shows the place and role of ideology in the formation of the Red Army. It is concluded that in the mess of the civil war, the army that was most confident in the rightness of its actions – the Red Army – survived and took shape.

Created from qualitatively diverse detachments, deprived of a single command, it became a rather strong ideological factor (indeed, many fought in it, being exclusively convinced of the rightness of Bolshevik ideas).

Key words: Red Army, White Army, ideology, military honor, flags-symbols, mass desertion, Bolsheviks, Social Revolutionaries, prodrazverstka, gangs, anti-army sentiments.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.017

I.A. SEMENOV Applicant for the academic degree of Candidate of Historical Sciences in the Department of National History of the Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanova, Cheboksary, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN THE TERRITORY OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURE: BASED ON THE ACTIVITIES OF ALATYR AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUE

The Chuvash Republic has been an agricultural region of the country for many years, and therefore, for the purpose of its development, agriculture has become a priority. Changes in the government structure that occurred in the 1920s required the formation of new governing bodies, the development of social conditions for the population and economic growth. All this largely depended on the formation of human resources for the sustainable functioning of the newly formed autonomy. This problem is especially acute in agriculture. Purpose of the study. The article, based on the materials of the Alatyr Agricultural College, studies the issue of the development of secondary vocational education in the field of agriculture in the 20th – early 21st centuries. Materials and methods. The work was prepared taking into account the use of general scientific and special historical methods. An important role was played by the methods of historicism, scientific objectivity, and a systematic approach. The preparation of the article was made possible through the collection and analysis of research literature, archival sources, encyclopedic publications, periodicals, and Internet sources. Results and conclusions. The article defines the stages of development of the Alatyr Agricultural College and identifies the personal factor in the development of the educational institution. Over the more than 90-year period of its work, the name of the college has changed several times, and specialties, professions, and the profile of the educational institution have undergone transformations. However, its main mission remained unchanged – training qualified specialists in demand in the labor market. Over the years of its activity, it has trained more than thirteen thousand specialists, most of whom connected their lives with agriculture.

Key words: secondary vocational education, Chuvashia, Alatyr Agricultural College, personnel training.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.018

M.A. NIKITIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, researcher at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

ETHICS OF FIELD RESEARCH ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT – YUGRA

The article addresses common ethical problems that cultural anthropologists and ethnologists face when collecting information materials in the field and subsequent processing, as well as publishing the results obtained. The paper describes existing ethical codes that have been used in different countries for decades. It also examines the possibility of applying best practices for regulating field work in the Russian Federation and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra, taking into account the interests of indigenous peoples. The article also relates current ethical codes and field research practices to the interests of other scientists collecting information at the same location. Separately, the issue of the influence of scientists on the socio-economic development of indigenous peoples is addressed.

Key words: ethics of field research, protection of the rights of indigenous peoples, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.003

I.A. SNEZHKOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology named after. N.N. Miklouho-Maclay RAS, Moscow, Russia

UKRAINE'S INFORMATION WAR WITH RUSSIA AFTER THE BEGINNING OF SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION

This article discusses the techniques and methods of conducting an information war between Ukraine and Russia from 2022-2023 after the beginning of SMO. These include disinformation, tendentious coverage of events from a favorable side, false information stuffing (fakes), providing incomplete information, shifting responsibility for the same events to the opposing side, editing text and photos taken from various sources, derogatory characteristics of the enemy, creating an image of the enemy, using strong emotions (fear, hatred, pity), derogatory nicknames, caricatures and much more. It is important for a researcher to see these techniques, expose them, try to separate fiction from truth and strive for objectivity in the study of information in the media.

Key words: information war, disinformation, creating enemy image, indoctrinating, information and psychological operations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.005

N.V. SHALYGINA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher, FBGOU HE Friendship of Peoples. Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology named after. N.N. Miklouho-Maclay of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IEA RAS), Moscow, Russia

MODERN RUSSIAN WORLD IN THE USA (METHODOLOGY FOR STUDYING IDENTITY)

The article examines various methodological approaches to studying the transformation of sociocultural and ethnocultural identity of post-Soviet immigrants in the modern United States. Several of the most famous methodological schools (both foreign and domestic) are listed, which have developed the most famous theories in the scientific world, allowing one to get an idea of the “marginal person” (Robert Park, Chicago School), the problems of immigrants who find themselves in an “intermediate state” and experiencing the “restlessness” complex (A. von Gennep), the possibilities of studying the everyday life of immigrants using a microhistorical approach (Levi), “home anthropology” (Anderson), etc. D. Berry's theory of acculturation, based on several models of adaptation to a foreign cultural environment (assimilation, biculturalism and marginalization), was opposed in the late 1980s by a constructivist theory emphasizing the role of immigrants' independent efforts to form their identity. The article also touches on various versions of the theory of globalization and glocalization, emphasizing the features of the ethnocultural identity of migrants in the modern world.

Key words: ethnocultural identity, post-Soviet US immigrants, adaptation, constructivism, assimilation.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.026

F.P. FURMAN Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Social Sciences of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF SOME ASPECTS OF UNDERSTANDING THE POLITICAL ROLE OF RUSSIAN POPULISM

The article is devoted to the consideration of the views of the leaders of populism on the problems of the development processes of Russian society, culture, politics, philosophy of the second half of the 19th century.

The social movement is considered, which left a significant mark in the history of the socio-political struggle of the Russian people for freedom and land, as a special phenomenon of Russian culture and as an ideology that combines into one complex of economic, political, socialist, philosophical and sociological ideas about the originality of the Russian path of social development. There is a certain diversity of Russian populism, which influenced the entire further course of Russian history and politics.

Generalizing historical studies on various aspects of the practical and theoretical activities of populism, as well as works on the life and works of its individual representatives, have been studied.

Key words: populism, phenomenon of culture and philosophy, paradigm of populism, main trends of populist thought.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.019

ZHAO LEI Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Politics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

CYBERGEOPOLITICS: A NEW DIRECTION IN GEOPOLITICS

The article is devoted to the theoretical components of cybergeopolitics. The significance of the research lies in the further development of the theory of geopolitics and the actualization of geopolitics for the politics of the digital age. The components of traditional geopolitics and cybergeopolitics are reconstructed. The theory of cybergeopolitics is analyzed from a position of strength and spatial perspective. The influence of cybergeopolitics on the relations of the great powers is investigated. The conclusion of the study is that the development of cybergeopolitics has led to an aggravation of geopolitical conflicts in the real world and that in the future cybergeopolitical games will become more intense and important.

Key words: geopolitics, cyber geopolitics, cyberspace, cyber sovereignty, internet.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.020

S.V. VYSHNEPOLSKY Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

TRENDS IN THE PARTICIPATION OF RUSSIAN POLITICAL PARTIES IN SOLVING GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

The article "Trends of the Russian Federation's Participation in Solving Global Environmental Problems: Political Aspects and Challenges" explores Russian active participation in solving global environmental problems in the context of strategic objectives. It notes the inherent importance of maintaining concern for environmental and social issues in order to achieve national goals. The state and corporations are actively investing efforts in creating a sustainable resource base capable of coping with crises.

The article states Russia's positive political contribution to the resolution of global environmental challenges, emphasizing the country's readiness to fulfill its international obligations. Despite sanctions and political tensions, the article highlights Russia's legal framework for state environmental policy as a key element of long-term sustainable development. All these aspects make Russia an important strategic partner in addressing global environmental challenges, recognized by the international community.

Key words: ecology, political parties, green parties, environmental activism, global environmental problems.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.029

R.M. MAMARAEV Researcher, Dagestan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for History, Archaeology and Ethnography, Makhachkala, Russia

ASSESSMENT OF DAGESTAN YOUTH POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF THE REPRESENTATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

As part of the planned research work in September 2023, a mass sociological survey was conducted among students of the Republic of Dagestan, elementary and senior students, 800 people were interviewed. Several options were allowed for the questions asked in the questionnaire. The purpose of the article is to study the public opinion of Dagestan youth on the topic of political activity of the representative and legislative authorities of the Republic of Dagestan. The research method was a mass sociological survey of Dagestan youth. As part of the study, results were obtained regarding awareness of the location of one's polling station, awareness of the upcoming elections, pre-election campaign work, acquaintance with the election program of political forces, acquaintance with deputies of the legislative body of the Republic of Dagestan, acquaintance with and voting for amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020, independent adoption choice during the voting process. To summarize, we can say that Dagestan youth have a weak level of electoral awareness, indifference and the cognitive element of political culture. These low indicators of elements of the political culture of youth are directly related to the low level of communication between political forces and youth, the low level of behavioral activity of political forces in the form of intensity of campaigning and information work in order to increase the electoral activity of the population. All this taken together has a negative impact on voter turnout and the final election result.

Key words: elections, deputies, campaigning, electorate, absenteeism, indifference, political culture.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.022

V.M. PESHKOVA Leading researcher, Institute of Sociology of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

LEGISLATIVE BASIS FOR REGIONAL MIGRATION POLICY (THE EXAMPLE OF ST. PETERSBURG)

The article is about the transformation of the legislative base of regional migration policy on the example of regional legal acts of St. Petersburg. It is concluded that the regulatory framework of regional policy in the field of migration is complex and represents a set of regional target programs in three areas: socio-demographic and economic development, the state of civil society and interethnic relations and, in fact, migration processes in the region. Based on the programs text it is examined how the migration situation is problematized; what definitions are given to the concept of migrant; as well as what activities relate to the adaptation and integration of migrants as the main mechanism of regional migration policy.

The publication is prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-18-00377 “Family on the Move: Theoretical and Empirical Problems in the Context of Labor Migration in Russia”.

Key words: international migration, foreign migrants, regional migration policy, migration legislation, St. Petersburg.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.023

A.E. POPADYUK Candidate of Political Sciences, senior researcher at the Russian State University for the Humanities, assistant at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ARMED REBELLION PMC "WAGNER"

The article is devoted to the study of the armed rebellion of the Wagner PMC, which occurred on June 23-24, 2023. The purpose and reasons pursued by the organizers of this political conflict are revealed in detail.

Goal: To identify methods of information influence in the armed rebellion of the Wagner PMC.

Methods: The study was conducted using methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and interpretation of results.

Results: A set of methods of information influence directed against the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and government authorities in general was demonstrated: propaganda, legends, and the “labeling” method.

Conclusions: The mechanism of the Wagner PMC mutiny has been revealed, and a detailed analysis of the use of the Telegram social network as a tool of information warfare has been carried out.

Key words: politics, rebellion, PMC "Wagner", information war, information warfare methods.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.024

D.V. PROKHOROV Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor Department of State and Municipal Administration, Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Korolev, Samara, Russia

A.A. RASSADIN Postgraduate student of the Department of State and Municipal management" of the Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolev, Samara, Russia

I.V. ANDRONOVA Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor Department of State and Municipal management" of the Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolev, Samara, Russia

M.D. SHIGIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Legal Support economic activity" of the Samara State University of Economics, Samara, Russia

FEATURES OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SAMARA REGION)

The article presents a historical priority aspect of government development both in our country in general and in the Samara region in particular. The need and development of new electronic services are substantiated, as well as the reasons for the emergence of gaps in legislation and obstacles to creating a full-fledged digital environment in which participants in cyclical circulation can directly interact with the provision of public administration. This position presupposes the development of government and the need to change current legislation.

Key words: e-government, digitalization, public administration, digital economy, Samara region, public services, MFC.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.013

F.M. AMINOV Graduate student, Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy; Deputy General Director, SUNFLOWER COMMUNICATIONS LLC, Moscow, Russia

D.V. BELSKIKH Graduate student, Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy; Sales Director, Home Shopping Russia LLC, Moscow, Russia

REGIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY: CURRENT TRENDS AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT

The development of regional economic policy is one of the priorities of the state, which is due to the urgent need to increase the growth rate of the regional economy. The competitiveness of the region, the level of its innovative potential aimed at realizing the interests and needs of the regional community are directly dependent on the productive economic policy of the regional authorities. The article presents the current trends and objectives of regional economic policy, as well as the directions of its improvement.

Key words: regional economic policy, state regulation, competitiveness, innovation potential, investor, mutually beneficial relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.027

S.S. SAZONOV Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Moscow, Russia

ANTI-DRUG POLICY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: HISTORICAL ASPECT

The article raises the question that the relevance of this topic lies in the importance of solving drug addiction problems. The problem should be solved at the state level and on the basis of this it is necessary to create an anti-drug policy. Modern conditions show that this problem has historical roots and should be solved taking into account the causes of its occurrence.

Key words: crime, drugs, drug trafficking, government agencies, protection system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.028

A.E. TIKHONOV Postgraduate student of the School of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MIGRANT INTEGRATION POLICY AS A TOOL FOR SHAPING THE IMAGE OF GLOBAL CITIES

This article is devoted to assessing the impact that the implementation of the migrant integration strategy has on the formation of a global city image in modern world politics. The author studies the main approaches to understanding the image of the territory from the point of view of modern sociological and political science approaches. Special attention is paid to the review of the most relevant attracting factors of migration, which are also one of the tools in the formation of the territory image. The author identifies the main directions of the integration strategy of migrants on the example of two global cities – London and New York. The most successful measures of local governments for the integration of migrants are highlighted, which in the future can be used by the authorities of other global cities to form a positive megapolis image.

Key words: global city, image of the territory, city branding, migration, integration of migrants, London, New York.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.021

F.G. SAFIN Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher of the Department of Ethnopolitology, R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Studies – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor of the Department of Philosophy, History and Social Engineering of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Ufa, Russia

S.V. SKOGOREV Postgraduate student of the Department of Ethnopolitology, R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Studies – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

S.S. KHUSAINOVA Assistant of the Higher School of International Relations The Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AS A FACTOR OF UNIFICATION OF PEOPLES IN THE EURASIAN SPACE

The role of the Russian language as one of the factors in the unification of the peoples of the Eurasian space is considered. One of the fundamental components in this process is the ethnodemographic aspect, since in a number of republics the predominant ethnic group in the national composition are Russians. In this context, the language of the majority of the population is dominant. In those regions with a multiethnic and ethno-linguistic composition, Russian acts as the language of interethnic communication. Russian Russian is a Russian language. It has been established that according to the census data over the past 30 years, despite the reduction in the Russian population in a number of republics, the introduction of non-Russian peoples to the Russian language is gaining a large-scale character, because from year to year there is a tendency of growth of those who speak Russian. Russian Russian as a native language has a tendency to decrease in favor of the recognition of the Russian language as such, despite the measures taken to revive national languages During the ethnosociological survey, it was found that respondents of non-Russian nationality who use the Russian language in everyday life are more inclined to consider themselves Russians than to identify with regional identity.

In this article, based on the sociological method in the context of comparative discourse of the ethnodemographic and ethnolanguage situation in a number of republics of the Eurasian space of the country, an attempt is made to reveal the role of the Russian language as an instrument of soft power in uniting the peoples of the Russian Federation.

Key words: Russian language, Eurasian space, identity, soft power, ethnodemographic aspect, native language.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.030

R.N. SHANGARAEV PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

A.S. IVOCHKINA Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

CENTRAL ASIA IN THE GEOPOLITICAL SPACE OF EURASIA

Central Asia as a geopolitical region is a huge space that is located in the central part of Eurasia, does not have its own access to the world ocean and consists of five modern states – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Throughout history, the region has been known as a space that connects the territory from Europe to East Asia through the Middle East and South Asia via the Great Silk Road, which promotes the interchange of tangible and intangible values, such as the experience, achievements and thoughts of the peoples of the region.

Key words: Central Asia, Eurasia, regional and trans-regional forces, energy resources.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.031

S.A. BIRYUKOV Postgraduate student, Siberian Institute of Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Novosibirsk, Russia

RUSSIA AND CHINA IN CENTRAL ASIA: CHALLENGES, TRENDS, PROSPECTS

In the article, the author presents an up-to-date overview of the challenges and trends that Russia and China have faced in Central Asia over the past decade in promoting their political and economic initiatives, such as the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) from Moscow and the Belt and Road from Beijing. In the process of the current rebalancing of forces in the international arena, the establishment of new economic and political alliances between states, Moscow and Beijing pay special attention to partnership and interaction in the key region through which logistics corridors and markets for the products of the two states are built – Central Asia. The article analyzes the current positions of Russia and China on the current political landscape of the states of the region, in the rapidly changing system of international relations. The author examines the issue of rivalry between Moscow and Beijing for political and economic influence in Central Asia, examines the current aspects of the development of two projects of both countries in the region – the Belt and Road and the EAEU, as well as tools for promoting national interests and foreign policy influence of Russia and China. The author presents conclusions about the prospects of interaction between the two states in regional policy in the context of the strategic partnership between Moscow and Beijing and transparency between the leaders of the states, assesses possible risks and building contacts to consolidate positions in the field of security in Central Asia in the transforming architecture of international relations.

Key words: partnership, Belt and Road initiative, rivalry, security, Eurasian Economic Union, integration, logistics corridors, political influence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.032

B.B. ZAKIROV Ph.D. student at the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration, Scientific specialty "International Relations" (Political Science), the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION IN ENSURING REGIONAL SECURITY AMID THE FORMATION OF A NEW WORLD ORDER

The article examines the role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in ensuring regional security amid the formation of a new world order. Against the background of unprecedented changes in international relations and world politics, it is becoming increasingly obvious that the organization will not be able to stay away from what is happening in the world. On the one hand, the geopolitical situation in the immediate vicinity of the SCO's area of responsibility is escalating, on the other hand, there is a desire by some Western countries to undermine the unity of the organization. In these difficult conditions, strengthening regional security and stability in the SCO space is of particular importance. At the same time, the key trend is the role of the SCO as a new center of power, where interaction between its participants takes place not on the basis of some externally imposed rules, but on the basis of generally recognized principles of international law. The States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization advocate the formation of a multipolar world order, equal and indivisible security, which makes the organization very attractive to many countries. In this regard, the noticeable expansion of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which currently includes a total of 26 countries – full members, dialogue partners, and observers, is very indicative. The totality of these trends favor the SCO as one of the attractive centers of power in the emerging new world order, which is able to contribute to ensuring regional security and stability.

Key words: Shanghai Cooperation Organization, SCO world order, regional security, center of power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.033

CAO HUAN Post-graduate student of the Department of Comparative Politics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION (EAEU) AS A REGIONAL INTEGRATION ORGANIZATION: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS

Since its official establishment in 2015, the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) has traveled an eight-year path of development. However, if we analyze the prehistory of its emergence, we can see that the idea of the Eurasian Union was put forward thirty years ago by N.A. Nazarbayev. Over these years, the EAEU has achieved some success in creating a customs union, uniting the markets for energy, financial and transport services, developing common regulatory and technical standards, creating working groups on integration cooperation and import substitution in the industrial sector, free movement of labor and other types of functional interactions in low-political areas. However, the level of political "spillovers" remains low, and the supranational system is preserved only at the institutional level, and in practice strategic decisions are still made by top-level politicians. The development of the EAEU is constrained by the nationalistic tendencies of the member states, the lack of collective identity and the play of big powers in the region. Thus, the future development of the EAEU remains a challenge.

Key words: Eurasian Economic Union, neofunctionalism, intergovernmentalism, history of development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.034

A.V. LOMTEV Ph.D. (Candidate of Political Sciences), Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

M.A. MAYSTAT Ph.D. (Candidate of Political Sciences), Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, ex-Deputy Minister of Russia for Cooperation with CIS States, Moscow, Russia

THE MAIN CONFLICTS OF THE CUBAN POLITICAL MODEL AT THE PRESENT STAGE

Cuba built its political regime and economic concept on socialist/communist ideas, and by the end of the twentieth century began to carry out serious reforms in these areas. The revolutions she experienced in the middle of the century, the transition to the socialist system and the subsequent reverse waves became turning points in her history. The increased scientific interest in the peculiarities of the development of Cuba's political system is conditioned by the preservation of the "socialist" model despite numerous objective obstacles, bypassing the paths of "capitalist restoration" chosen by the states of the former USSR and Eastern Europe, semi-capitalist development (Vietnam, China), as well as dictatorship (North Korea). The authors identify the main conflicts of the Cuban political model at the present stage.

Key words: Cuba, Cuban political model, political system, socialism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.035

T.D. MAILOV PhD student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

E.I. GREBENNIKOVA PhD student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

PECULIARITIES OF POLITICAL STUDIES IN THE ARAB COUNTRIES

The article analyzes the process of formation and development of socio-political thought and political studies in the countries of the Arab East. For centuries political science in the Arab countries was closely connected with the basic principles of the Muslim religion, which established the fundamental basis of the Arab-Muslim statehood. Radical changes occurred in the IX-X centuries, when Arab theologians and theorists began to borrow philosophical concepts of ancient Greek thinkers, thus forming the doctrine of Eastern Aristotelianism. Today, research institutions, think tanks, faculties and other organizations dedicated to the study of political science are being actively established in the Arab world.

Key words: Political Science, Arab East, Islam, Research Centers, religion, Middle East.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.036

M.A. NIKULIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

V.S. DYADKOVA Master student of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

A.E. EFREMENKOVA Master student of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

S.V. ZEYNALOVA Master student of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

BRAZIL'S APPROACHES TO ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

The article is devoted to analysis of Brazil's key approaches to achieving sustainable development in Latin America by assessing the state's activities within both specialized UN agencies and regional blocs. Brazil's significant resource potential and biodiversity determine its pivotal role in addressing global environmental issues. Brazil actively participates in international initiatives and sustainable development programs, imparting its experience to developing nations. The state is a major proponent of projects that contribute to environmental preservation, social and economic progress on a national and regional scale. The research aims to analyze Brazil's participation in international and regional sustainable development programs and assess its role in global ecology and economic progress. The objective includes examining Brazil's involvement in achieving Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and its influence on the implementation of environmental projects within the region. To accomplish these purposes, the authors conducted an analysis of reports from international organizations and statistical data. The article employed a problem-chronological method and synthesis, as well as the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, and reliability, enabling a comprehensive analysis of Brazil's main mechanisms, approaches, and foreign policy actions in the context of environmental cooperation at different stages. In the course of the study the authors come to the conclusion that Brazil plays a key role in implementing projects to achieve Sustainable Development Goals in the region and advocates for the interests of developing countries in regional and global discussions concerning environmental conservation, social and economic aspects, healthcare, and education developments, thereby emphasizing the relevance of Latin American issues on a global scale.

Key words: sustainable development, regional level, Brazil, Latin America, environment, health, economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.037

S.A.-A. IDOYADOV Postgraduate student, Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL TRIANGLE: PALESTINE, IRAN AND ISRAEL

The geopolitical interaction between Palestine, Iran and Israel is one of the most complex and important factors in the modern politics of the Middle East. This triangle unites various historical, religious, cultural and geopolitical aspects, making a significant contribution to regional dynamics.

Key words: geopolitics, Palestine, Iran, Israel.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.043

D.M. KARENIN First Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

JAPAN AND EU: COOPERATION IN THE SECURITY FIELD

The aim of the present article is to analyze the ties between Japan and the European Union in the field of security at the present stage. This research is highly relevant because studying the interactions between Tokyo and Brussels will contribute to understanding the new international security architecture.

The number of researches dealing with the issue of cooperation in the field of security between Japan and the European Union has remained low up to the present day. The reason for this is that the said cooperation is a new phenomenon caused by the complicated geopolitical situation and the launch of strategic partnership between Tokyo and Brussels. Most of these researches are focused on the current state of affairs while disregarding the processes that lead to its formation. Thus, the novelty of the approach used by the author of the present article is the demonstration of the historic road travelled by Japan and the European Union to achieve the current level of cooperation in the sphere of security.

Key words: European Union, Japan, Cooperation, cooperation, Strategic Partnership Agreement, SPA, strategic partnership, European Commission, security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.039

PROCO CHRISTIE Graduate student of Russian Friendship University Peoples named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

KULAY ARDIT Graduate student of Russian Friendship University Peoples named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

A.S. MONOKINA Master's student at Russian Friendship University peoples named after Patrice Lumumba; administrator projects of Inframanager LLC, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS IN THE BALKANS AND IN THE MEDITERRANEAN (CONFLICT CASES: KOSOVO-SERBIA, GREECE-TURKEY)

In this article we discuss the role of the European Union in resolving conflicts in the Balkans and the Mediterranean, focusing on two significant cases – Kosovo-Serbia and Greece-Turkey. Focusing on our own analysis and assessment, we explore how the EU, as an active participant in diplomatic efforts, influences the resolution of these complex conflicts. The first part of the article examines the influence of the European Union on the Kosovo status negotiations, providing a fresh look at the long-term consequences of their recognition. It analyzes how effective the EU's efforts have been in stabilizing relations between Kosovo and Serbia, as well as how these efforts are consistent with the national interests of member states.

The second part examines the role of the European Union in resolving tensions between Greece and Turkey in the Mediterranean. Particular attention is paid to EU diplomatic efforts in the context of migration flows and energy interests. It assesses how successfully the European Union acts as a mediator and catalyst for dialogue between Athens and Ankara. Through its analysis and conclusions, the article aims to expand understanding of the influence of the European Union on conflict resolution in the region, offering readers a new perspective on the dynamics of relations and prospects for resolving disputes in two key points of tension - the Balkans and the Mediterranean.

Key words: EU, conflicts, political crisis, military conflict, NATO.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.041

M.M. NAONOV Ph. D. Student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

TURKEY'S REGIONAL SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE KURDISH PROBLEM

The article presents an analysis of the peculiarities of the influence of the Kurdish factor on the policy of the Republic of Turkey as a regional leader. The choice of the topic is due to the relevance of the study of changes that strengthen the role of ethno-national factors and contribute to the expansion of the problem field of ethnicity in international relations, as well as theoretical and practical needs to determine the causes and consequences of the influence of the Kurdish factor on regional relations and policies of non-regional players in order to prevent crisis phenomena at the local and regional levels.

Key words: the Republic of Turkey, the Kurdish problem, regional security, Near and Middle East, the Kurdistan Workers' Party.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.042

A.S. BASKAKOVA Student of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

A.S. MELNIKOVA Student of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

THE MAIN AREAS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE GCC COUNTRIES AND CENTRAL ASIA

This article is devoted to identifying the main areas of cooperation between the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states and Central Asian countries. With the growing interconnectedness of global politics, the importance of understanding the dynamics of relations between these two regions cannot be overemphasized. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively examine the main areas of cooperation, analyze their significance, and provide insight into the intricacies of these relations.

Drawing on an analysis of academic literature, official documents, and diplomatic sources, the study uses a qualitative approach to systematically examine the different sectors of cooperation between the GCC and Central Asia: economic partnership, energy diplomacy, and security cooperation. By synthesizing this array of sources, the study identifies key trends, challenges, and opportunities that characterize their interaction.

The results of the analysis reveal the critical role of the economic factor in developing ties between the regions, with energy security emerging as a cornerstone of their relationship. In addition, the study reveals growing economic interdependence as well as common security concerns that have led to increased cooperation in counter-terrorism and counter-extremism.

In conclusion, the study emphasizes the evolving nature of cooperation between the GCC states and Central Asian countries, noting its strategic importance in both regional and global contexts. The unique contribution of this paper is the holistic study of the various aspects of cooperation, providing a comprehensive overview, which distinguishes it from previous works.

Key words: GCC, Central Asia, cooperation, international relations, economic partnership, energy diplomacy, security, interregional relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.040

YA.A. KALAEV Master's student, East Siberian Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Irkutsk, Russia

CRITICISM OF THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN MARXIST POLITICAL THOUGHT

This article reveals the process of evolution of the role of the state in the Soviet Union within the framework of Marxist political thought and provides criticism of the role of the state in Marxism. The discrepancy between the stated goal of the withering away of the state within the framework of Marxism and the method of achieving this goal is to strengthen the role of the state apparatus in the life of society.

Key words: marxism, state, socialism, criticism, Soviet Union.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.104.11.038

V.N. NORVIN Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

D.E. VYDOLOB Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.S. TARASOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF THE "STOWAWAY" IN ECO-FRIENDLY PRODUCTION: OPPORTUNISTIC BEHAVIOR OF ENTREPRENEURS OR HOW TO MAKE A BUSINESS ECO-FRIENDLY

This article discusses the problem of non-ecological production in Russia and the need to balance between the development of domestic production and the improvement of the environmental situation. The authors use the prism of institutional theory to analyze the problem and point to the opportunistic behavior of entrepreneurs associated with the public benefits of natural resources and the quality of the ecological environment. To solve the problem, an integrated approach is needed, including the creation of incentives for the transition to environmentally friendly materials and production methods, as well as support for the development of a culture of eco-friendly consumption.

Key words: Small and medium-sized businesses, ecology, institutional economics, opportunistic behavior, the problem of a stowaway, sustainable development, eco-friendly production.

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OUR AUTHORS

AFONIN M.V. – Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, processes and technologies of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia.

ARAPKHANOVA L.YA. – Ph.D. (Political Science), Associate Professor of the Ingush State University, Head of the Department of Social and Political Research of the Ch. Akhriev Ingush Scientific Research institute, Magas, Russia.

BALYNSKAYA N.R. – Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Vice-Rector GBOU HE "South Ural State Institute of Arts" them. P.I. Tchaikovsky", Chelyabinsk, Russia.

BELOUSOVA O.A. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Department of Humanities, Socio-Economic Disciplines and Management Information Technologies, Associate Professor Kuzbass Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Novokuznetsk, Russia.

BRATKOVSKAYA D.V. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

BREDIKHIN A.V. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

CHEBAREV V.V. – Applicant, Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia.

CHENYU – Master, Higher School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

CHEREPANOVA E.V. – Independent researcher, Moscow, Russia.

DAI YUYAO – Master, Faculty of political science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

DOBRYAK S.YU. – Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia.

DOBRYNINA E.YA. – Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy of politics and law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

DUBKOV N.S. – Student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

DYAKOV S.I. – Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia.

FROLOV A.A. – PhD student, Department of state politics, Faculty of political science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

GALDOBINA S.V. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Intellectual Property, Moscow, Russia.

GASANOV M.R. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Department of History, Dagestan State Pedagogical University named after R. Gamzatova, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

GOROKHOV V.V. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia.

GREBENNIKOVA E.I. – Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia.

GRYADUNOV YU.YU. – Graduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia.

GUTAK O.YA. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines, Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, Russia.

IVANTSOV S.A. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

JAVAD ZERAAT PEYMA – PhD student at the Department of Political Science of Institute of history and policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Tegeran, Iran.

KOSTINA A.D. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

KOVALCHUK A.G. – Graduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia.

KRIVOVA A.L. – Senior lecturer of the department socio-political institutions, processes and technologies Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia.

KRTYAN B.P. – Teacher of the department socio-political institutions, processes and technologies, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia.

KULESHOV V.M. – Senior lecturer at the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and International Cooperation, Institute of Public Administration and Management, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

LITVINENKO D.V. – Student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

LIU XIN – Master, Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

MAGOMEDOVA E.M. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer Department of History, Dagestan State Pedagogical University named after R. Gamzatova, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

MATASOVA S.M. – Specialist in International Relations, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.

MAYSTAT M.A. – Ph.D. (Candidate of Political Sciences), Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia.

MEDVEDEV N.P. – Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, ex-Deputy Minister of Russia for Cooperation with CIS States, Moscow, Russia.

MIKULENOK A.A. – PhD in History, Associate Professor, Department of Social, Humanitarian and Natural Science Disciplines North Caucasus Branch of Russian State University of Justice, Krasnodar, Russia.

MURTAZIN R.A. – Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of MiSU, FSBEI HE "Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after. G.I. Nosova", Magnitogorsk, Russia.

NIKOLAEVA D.A. – Doctor of historical sciences, professor, East-Siberian State Institute of Culture, Ulan-Ude, Russia.

NIKOLSKAYA A.V. – Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Psychology, Russian State University. A.N. Kosygina, Moscow, Russia.

NURULLINA A.I. – Researcher, Moscow, Russia.

POLISCHUK D.I. – Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

RODIONOVA D.S. – Teacher of the department socio-political institutions, processes and technologies of the Russian state social university, Moscow, Russia.

ROGOVA YA.D. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

SAJJAD ZERAAT PEYMA – Associate Professor at the Department of Engineering and Construction Technology of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Tegeran, Iran.

SAZONOV S.S. – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

SELEZNEV I.A. – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Associate Professor of the Faculty of Sociology at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

SHADYSHKOV A.A. – Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia.

SHCHERBACHEVICH E.S. – PG, Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia.

SOLOMIN V.A. – Postgraduate of the department of Russian history and Record management, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia.

STOLYAROV A.V. – Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia.

STEPANOV P.E. – Graduate student, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

SUNHENG – Master, Faculty of Journalism, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

SUSLOV A.YU. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia.

TERESHENKOV A.M. – Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Global Processes of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

TOKAREVA S.A. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

TRYAKIN A.N. – Researcher, Moscow, Russia.

USTINOVICH E.S. – Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Accredited Expert in the scientific and technical field, Moscow, Russia.

VANYAGIN V.E. – Candidate of Military Sciences, St. Petersburg Military Institute of the Order of Zhukov of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.

VILKOVA E.V. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Socio-Political Communications, Institute of International Relations and World History, Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.

VOLKOV S.YU. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of World Diplomacy and International Law, Institute of International Relations and World History, Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.

VOLKOV A.P. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the National Research University MIET, Moscow, Russia.

VOLOVIKOV A.G. – Postgraduate student of the Department of National and Federal relations of the Institute of Public Service and Management Russian Academy of National Economy and State service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

VOLZHANIN D.A. – Student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

ZAKHARCHUK S.S. – Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

ZALYSIN I.YU. – Doctor of political sciences, professor of Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia.

ZELENSKAYA A.I. – Senior Lecturer, Department of Theoretical Foundations of Physical Culture and Tourism, Karachay-Cherkess State University named after U.D. Alieva, Karachaevsk, Russia.

ZHIRKOV F.R. – Master's student in the Global Processes Faculty M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

ZHOKHOVA A.A. – PhD Student, Department of Political Analysis, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.