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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 14. Issue 8 (113), 2024

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY.

ETHNONATIONAL AND REGIONAL ISSUES

• Abgaryan V.S. Historical Conditions for the Revival of Military Traditions of the Russian Army on the Eve of the Great Patriotic War (1930-1941)
• Voropaev N.N. The Activity of the Ryazan Regional Council of People's Deputies During the Political Crisis in the Late 80s – Early 90s of the XX Century
• Gaverdovsky A.V., Agarev A.F. The Elimination of Illiteracy in the Ryazan Province in 1919-1920
• Nagornaya M.A. Economic Strategies of Peasant Women in a Migrant Family at the Stage of Economic Settlement of Migrants in Western Siberia in the Second Half of the XIX – Beginning of the XX Centuries
• Shavlaeva T.M. Clergy of the Historical Region of Chechnya Cheberloi: Manuscript of Esambay Akuev (Based on Field Research Materials)
• Mulevaya M.S. The Phenomenon of Jewry in the Provincial Space of the Late 19th – at the Beginning of 20th Centuries on the Example of the Saratov Province
• Rubtsov S.N., Borodin M.P., Zuev A.V. Merchant Shipping in the Russian Empire in the Second Half of the XIX – Beginning of the XX Centuries (Based on the Materials of the Magazine “The Sea and its Life”)

THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS

• Prianichnikov N.O. Political and Philosophical Foundations of Some of the Modernist Theories of Nation
• Gromov M.A. History and Theoretical Aspects of the Study of Hybrid Regimes
• Wang Chunxue, Du Ying, Wang Yanan. A Study of the Way and Practice of Studying Chinese Modernisation in the Border Regions of Heilongjiang Province in China

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Pescherov Yu.G. The Relationship Between Climatic and Environmental Factors in Political Decision-Making
• Sin A.L. The Post-Secularity of Russian Society: Conceptual and Theoretical Understanding of the Causes of the Phenomenon
• Abduragimov Z.E. Prevention of Terrorism with the Help of Political Technologies

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

• Torik N.Yu. On the Issue of Forming a Model for Supporting Innovative Activities of Enterprises in the Industrial Sector in the Russian Federation
• Gandaloeva Z.M. Strategic Development of the North Caucasus in the Modern Period in Connection with New Challenges
• Gomelauri A.S. Interregional Cooperation on Arctic Issues: Current Specifics and Prospects
• Petrov E.S. On Some Specific Features of the Influence of Russian Federalism on the Regional System of State Authority
• Aliyev Sh.O. Contemporary Problems of Regulation of External Migration to the Russian Federation and Ways to Solve Them
• Gryadunov Yu.Yu. Relationship of National Ideology and Education System in Russia

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• Demidov A.V. Some Aspects of Russia's Foreign Policy During the Reigns of the First Russian Tsars of the Romanov Dynasty
• Zhumabekov M.U., Syzdykova Zh.S. International Transport Corridor "North-South": Ways of Forming Eurasian Logistics
• Wang Xin. Economic War in the Conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict: Types, Consequences and China's Overcoming Strategies
• Shitikova Yu.A. Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in the Military Sphere of the People's Republic of China
• Grebnev R.D. Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Global Governance
• Ryzhenkov A.S. New Approaches of the Turkish Good Party to Promoting Pan-Turkist Ideas and Values During the Chairmanship of M. Akşener
• Alyafai Ali Saleh. Crisis in Relations Between Qatar and the Three Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
• Chen Zihao. Features of Diplomacy of Chinese Transnational Corporations
• Ivliev I.I. Prospects for Creating a Collective Security System in South Asia
• Kim Juyeong. Features of Russia's Relationship with the Arctic Council
• Lapshakov G.S. Contradictions Between Japan's Historical Policy and Okinawa's Historical Memory: Exhibitions at the Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum and the Yushukan Museum
• Makharadze D.M. Business Associations in the Political Space of Post-Soviet Countries
• Nefedov A.V. Russia's Interests in the Central African Republic: Based on Interviews with Foreign Experts
• Semenov N.S. The Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Impact of Infrastructure and Economic Corridors of the PRC's Belt and Road Initiative in South and South-Eastern Asia
• Shishov G.O. Global Challenges for the Development of the EAEU
• Rad'kova T.V. Strategic Culture of the Italian Republic in the Context of Foreign Policy Priorities

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

• Medvedev V.N., Slizovsky D.E., Medvedev N.P. Contemporary Federalism and Administrative-Political Stability of the State

DOMESTIC HISTORY.

ETHNONATIONAL AND REGIONAL ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.001

V.S. ABGARYAN Adjunct Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military University», Moscow, Russia

HISTORICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE REVIVAL OF MILITARY TRADITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY ON THE EVE OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (1930-1941)

The article is devoted to the study of the objective conditionality of the revival of military traditions of the Russian army on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. The main attention is paid to the analysis of military-historical conditions that prompted the leadership of the USSR to reconsider the unconditional priority of the class basis of state ideology and direct efforts to consolidate society through the formation of Soviet patriotism.

It is concluded that the need for the formation of national-state patriotism is due to the course taken since the early 1930s to build socialism in one separate country. It is emphasized that this turn in the theoretical and practical activities of the party and state bodies led to the restructuring of the entire system of Soviet historical education, to the return of national patriotic values and ideals of Russian statehood as the axiological basis of state ideology. In this restructuring, the entire rich potential of Russian education, science, literature and art was actively, purposefully and widely used.

The author concludes that without a decisive transition to national patriotic positions and the revival of military traditions in the pre-war years, victory in the Great Patriotic War would have been impossible.

Key words: the Great Patriotic War, military traditions, political work, the East Prussian strategic offensive operation, the education of personnel.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.002

N.N. VOROPAEV Postgraduate student of the 1sr year in the field of Historical science and archaeology, profile – National history Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

THE ACTIVITY OF THE RYAZAN REGIONAL COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S DEPUTIES DURING THE POLITICAL CRISIS IN THE LATE 80S – EARLY 90S OF THE XX CENTURY

The relevance of the research topic is due to the significant impact of the deep political crisis that began in 1988 and manifested itself in the confrontation between the Supreme Council and the President of the Russian Federation and, ultimately, marked the beginning of the creation of a completely new type of public administration. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive and comprehensive analysis of the process of increasing crisis phenomena in the Soviet political system in the late 80s – early 90s of the XX century. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the study of the activities of the Ryazan Regional Council of People's Deputies during the political crisis. As a result of the study of the problem, new archival documents were involved in scientific circulation for the first time, a new interpretation of newspaper and magazine publications was given, taking into account their comparison with other historical sources. As a methodological basis for the study of the problem, the author uses an integrated approach to the study of historical phenomena. This helped to take into account not only socio-political conditions and legal norms, but also cultural factors that influenced the process of formation and functioning of the system of executive and legislative authorities in the Ryazan region.

Key words: Constitution of the Russian Federation, Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, President of the Russian Federation, Congress of People's Deputies, Ryazan Regional Council of People's Deputies, Ryazan Regional Duma.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.003

A.V. GAVERDOVSKY Postgraduate student of Historical science and archaeology, profile – National history Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

A.F. AGAREV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Russian History and Methods of Teaching History and Social Studies, Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

THE ELIMINATION OF ILLITERACY IN THE RYAZAN PROVINCE IN 1919-1920

The article substantiates the idea that the October Revolution of 1917 made its own adjustments to the solution of adult education issues. The circumstances were such that it was necessary to determine the directions and practical measures of local authorities to eliminate illiteracy as soon as possible.

Considerable attention is paid to the peculiarities of the fight against illiteracy in the Ryazan region. Based on the analysis, it was found that the lack of experience in such work inevitably required from managers of all degrees of these areas, more than anywhere else, broad and flexible ingenuity, creative initiative, great independence and increased responsibility. In modern conditions, the relevance of the study is due to the fact that already at a new historical stage of Russia's development, the problem of education reform arose, it is caused, of course, by those specific economic and political changes that have occurred in our country. The purpose of the study is to identify, based on the materials of the Ryazan province, the most appropriate and valuable, in our opinion, forms and methods of eliminating illiteracy of the population and recommend their use at the present stage. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time, the elimination of illiteracy of the population in the Ryazan Region in a difficult socio-economic situation characterized by general devastation and depletion of material and human resources is considered comprehensively and comprehensively, based on a concrete historical approach.

Key words: Civil War, All-Russian Congress, literacy eradication, Decree, People's Commissariat of Education, RSFSR, Ryazan province.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.004

M.A. NAGORNAYA PhD in History, Associate Professor of the Department of Humanities Omsk Institute of Water Transport – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Siberian State University of Water Transport", Omsk, Russia

ECONOMIC STRATEGIES OF PEASANT WOMEN IN A MIGRANT FAMILY AT THE STAGE OF ECONOMIC SETTLEMENT OF MIGRANTS IN WESTERN SIBERIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURIES

The article is devoted to the topic of mass peasant migrations in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries to the eastern outskirts of the country. The focus is on the female part of the peasant migrant family. The work defines a set of basic economic strategies of peasant women at the stage of migrant adaptation in Western Siberia. It is concluded that in the critical conditions of resettlement, peasant women were actively involved in the adaptation process and, along with traditional labor functions, developed strategies aimed at preserving the family, strengthening its economic foundations, which in turn contributed to the adaptation of migrants in Western Siberia.

Key words: Western Siberia, peasant migrations, migrants, resettlement movement, peasant woman, economic strategies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.005

T.M. SHAVLAEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher, Institute of Humanitarian Research, Academy of Sciences Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia

CLERGY OF THE HISTORICAL REGION OF CHECHNYA CHEBERLOI: MANUSCRIPT OF ESAMBAY AKUEV (BASED ON FIELD RESEARCH MATERIALS)

The article is devoted to the life and work of a prominent representative of the clergy of the historical region of Chechnya Verkhny Cheberloi - Esambay Akuev. Written on the basis of the author's field materials collected within the framework of the historical and ethnographic expedition of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, starting in 2021. The relevance of the topic is dictated by the increased interest in Chechen society in representatives of the clergy of Chechnya. The purpose of the article is to show how the syncretism of two cultures – ethnic and Islamic – served as the basis for the worthy life of this remarkable man, and can serve as an example for the younger generation to follow. The methods adopted in ethnographic science were used in the study.

The theologian came from a respected peasant family of good income. During the difficult years of the deportation of the Chechen people, he finds the strength to turn to creative work: he restores sayings from sacred texts from memory, and also writes down "Mavlid" in Arabic letters in his native dialect of the Chechen language. At this level, the dialect existed in Cheberloy at the beginning of the 20th century, which is of interest not only for historical science, but also for linguistics.

Key words: Cheberloy, Makazhoy, clergy, Esambay Akuyev, Cheberloy dialect, Mavlid in the dialect of the Chechen language.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.006

M.S. MULEVAYA Postgraduate student, Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky, Department of Russian History and Historiography, Saratov, Russia

THE PHENOMENON OF JEWRY IN THE PROVINCIAL SPACE OF THE LATE 19TH – AT THE BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SARATOV PROVINCE

The article is devoted to the process of integration and adaptation of Jews within the provincial space of the Russian Empire at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries on the example of the Saratov province. It examines the social composition, aspects of economic and social activity of the Jewish population. Particular attention is drawn to the problems that hindered integration and the preservation of religious traditions. It also investigates the question of channels of social mobility was explored, which made it possible not only to gain a foothold in the region, but also to become part of the local society.

Key words: Saratov province, Jews, social mobility, integration, sociocultural space.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.007

S.N. RUBTSOV Doctor of historical sciences, Professor of the Departments of social sciences Northwest Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA), Saint Petersburg, Russia

M.P. BORODIN Candidate of historical sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Retraining and Advanced Training of Specialists, St. Petersburg University of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia named after Hero of the Russian Federation General of the Army E.N. Zinicheva, Saint Petersburg, Russia

A.V. ZUEV Candidate of historical sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor the of private law departments, Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, Saint Petersburg, Russia

MERCHANT SHIPPING IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURIES (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE MAGAZINE “THE SEA AND ITS LIFE”)

The magazine "The Sea and Its Life" was published in St. Petersburg and was a specialized publication that comprehensively covered various aspects of merchant shipping in the Russian Empire. The magazine published regulatory legal acts related to merchant shipping, office materials of individual shipping companies, technical achievements in the field of shipbuilding and marine technology. Particular attention on its pages was given to maritime education. Personal sources are of great scientific interest. The rich factual and illustrative material published on its pages is of great value to modern researchers of the history of the Russian fleet and maritime culture.

Key words: Merchant navy, merchant shipping, sailor, fleet, education, historical sources, everyday life, periodical.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.008

N.O. PRIANICHNIKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law Philosophy Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SOME OF THE MODERNIST THEORIES OF NATION

The article examines the theories of the most prominent modernist scholars in nation and nationalism studies – Ernest Gellner, Eric Hobsbawm and Benedict Anderson. It is noted that a close examination of the texts of their key works shows the presence of certain political and philosophical foundations in them, which are inextricably linked to scientific argumentation and strongly influence it. It is shown that, despite the rather long history of the study of the texts of these authors in Russian science, Russian researchers still focus only on their scientific argumentation, completely ignoring the political and philosophical foundations of their theories, which play an extremely important role in these theories. It is the identification of such political and philosophical foundations of the theory of each of the named modernist scholars that is the aim of the article, for the achievement of which the tasks of consistent analysis of the most important works of the named authors and additional sources on the topic are solved.

The article uses logical analysis, content analysis and comparative analysis to examine one key work by each of the named authors – Ernest Gellner's “Nations and Nationalism”, Eric Hobsbawm's “Nations and Nationalism since 1780” and Benedict Anderson's “Imagined Communities” – as well as additional sources on the topic. The result of this analysis is the identification, clarification and detailed description of the political and philosophical foundations of the theory of each of the three authors. It is concluded that the political and philosophical foundations of Ernest Gellner's theory of nationalism and nationalism are closest to the philosophy of neoliberalism, Benedict Anderson's theory is closest to the philosophy of classical liberalism, and Eric Hobsbawm's theory is strongly influenced by Marxism.

Key words: nation, nationalism, modernism, political philosophy, neoliberalism, classical liberalism, Marxism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.016

M.A. GROMOV Graduate of the Faculty of Political Science of the University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

HISTORY AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF HYBRID REGIMES

For a long time, classical political science has generally divided political regimes into democratic, authoritarian and totalitarian ones. However, in the last three decades, there has been a growing interest in the phenomenon of hybrid regimes in the academic field, which are something between classical democracy and authoritarianism. However, the real boom in the study of hybrid regimes occurred at the beginning of the noughties of the XXI century due to the fact that the so-called third wave of democratization did not lead to the expected spread of democracy throughout the world, but only strengthened a number of authoritarian regimes, which, having experienced deep processes of political transformation, only became more stable. It is widely believed in the scientific community that these changes have led a number of authoritarian states to a hybrid political system; At the same time, some researchers argued that hybrid regimes do not exist and there is only a «transitional period on the way to democracy». The article comprehensively examines the concept of hybrid regimes, analyzes the history and dynamics of academic discourse on this phenomenon, and identifies the necessary conditions for the emergence of hybrid regimes and their key characteristics. The author criticizes the view of hybrid regimes, which has become entrenched in Western political science with its characteristic very primitive division into «good regimes» (democracy, or Western regimes), «acceptable regimes» (hybrid) and «bad regimes» (authoritarian and totalitarian). This simplification looks like an attempt to denigrate ideological opponents.

Key words: hybrid regime, democracy, authoritarianism, political regime, waves of democratization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.009

WANG CHUNXUE Senior Lecturer, Institute of Marxism of Heihe University, China

DU YING Professor, Institute of Marxism of Heihe University, China

WANG YANAN Senior Lecturer Institute of Culture and Tourism of Heihe University, China

A STUDY OF THE WAY AND PRACTICE OF STUDYING CHINESE MODERNISATION IN THE BORDER REGIONS OF HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE IN CHINA

The aim of the article is to analyse the way and study the practice of Chinese modernisation in the border regions of Heilongjiang Province, implemented within the framework of the development of comprehensive economic and cultural cooperation with the Russian Federation. The article reveals the significance of the border free trade zones of Heilongjiang province, analyses the perspective directions of development of business cooperation of the Chinese region with the representatives of Russian business. The correlation between the GDP volumes of Heilongjiang Province and the foreign trade volumes of Heilongjiang Province is determined and the correlation between the trade turnover volumes of the PRC and the Russian Federation and the trade turnover volumes of Heilongjiang Province for the time period of 2015/2023 is determined. It is concluded that the fourth stage of implementation of long-term strategic goals by Heilongjiang Province (2026-2035) will ensure the full modernisation of border infrastructure and form a large ‘belt’ of production capacity and capacity of tourism infrastructure, and will also solve a number of problems associated with the full opening of the border areas of the Chinese region to the northern territories of the Russian Federation in the framework of achieving mutual sustainable economic, social and cultural development.

Key words: modernisation, Heilongjiang Province, border areas, comprehensive economic cooperation, development directions, long-term strategic goals, free trade zones, effective cooperation.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.010

YU.G. PESCHEROV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Law, State University of Education, Moscow, Russia

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN POLITICAL DECISION-MAKING

The article presents a study of the relationship between climatic and environmental factors and the political decision-making process. In the context of global climate change and extreme weather events, the impact of the environment on socio-political processes is becoming increasingly evident and requires careful study. Historical examples of the impact of climate change on the development and decline of civilizations are analyzed, and contemporary research demonstrating the relationship between temperature anomalies, extreme weather, and various aspects of social and political behavior is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing how climate factors can exacerbate existing social problems, such as economic inequality, racial discrimination, and health system deficiencies. The impact of extreme temperatures on levels of violence, interpersonal relationships, and political participation of citizens is examined. The question of how climate change may affect the decision-making process of political leaders and the formation of public opinion is addressed. A critical analysis of existing approaches to accounting for climate factors in political planning is presented and new methodological frameworks for integrating environmental considerations into the decision-making process are proposed. The mechanisms through which climate change may affect political stability, economic development, and social cohesion of society are studied. Particular attention is given to the role of mass media in shaping public perceptions of climate threats and their influence on political discourse. The potential consequences of ignoring the climate factor when developing policy strategies and the need to integrate climate and environmental considerations into the policy decision-making process are identified. The importance of combining the efforts of experts from different scientific fields to create actionable measures to adapt to changing environmental conditions and minimize the negative impacts of global warming is emphasized. Specific recommendations are proposed for policymakers and decision-makers to consider climate factors in the design and implementation of policy strategies.

Key words: climate change, political decisions, environmental factors, social stability, extreme weather events, adaptation, interdisciplinary research.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.012

A.L. SIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Ethnology and Regional Studies Scientific Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Russia

THE POST-SECULARITY OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY: CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE CAUSES OF THE PHENOMENON

Modern societies adapt to the conditions of religious and cultural pluralism with varying success. The Western theory of secularization, which prevailed for most of the 20th century, assumed as a mandatory aspect of modernization the separation of religion from the state, and ultimately the marginalization of this phenomenon at the personal level of each individual. However, such phenomena in the modern globalized world as the revival of religious activity in many societies, manifestations of religious fundamentalism, religiously motivated terrorism, and global economic crises have called into question the validity and rigor of secularization theory. In this article, the dynamic change of the scientific paradigm in the fields of sociology and political science of religion was considered; the modern religious situation in the Russian Federation was analyzed through the prism of the theories of "desecularization" by the American sociologist P. Berger and the "postsecularity" of the German philosopher Yu. Habermas using sociological data. The author of the article identifies several main features of Russian postsecularity, the most striking among which is the combination of a high level of declared (claimed) commitment to the Orthodox faith by citizens with extremely low personal involvement in religious practice. The Orthodox faith revived in post-Soviet Russia is seen by the authorities and the population as an important component of the political (ideological), moral and cultural identity of Russian society, rather than an active religious practice. The author sees one of the possible reasons for this phenomenon in the special socio-cultural context of secularization in the USSR. The purposeful God-fighting policy of the Soviet government transformed the habitual religiosity of the population into political religiosity, devoid of the transcendent, but at the same time filling with new meanings such secular phenomena as state power, the highest goal of society, unity in the fight against an external ideological opponent, etc.

Key words: religion, religious identity, secularization, desecularization, clericalization, post-secular society, post-secularism, state, globalization, post-Soviet Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.013

Z.E. ABDURAGIMOV Applicant, Department of Political Science, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

PREVENTION OF TERRORISM WITH THE HELP OF POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES

At the present stage, terrorism is a problem of international importance. The efforts of each state, to a certain extent, are aimed at eradicating this socially dangerous phenomenon. In this regard, technologies whose purpose is not to combat terrorism, but to prevent terrorist activity, are of particular relevance. The purpose of this work was to study the prevention of terrorism with the help of political technologies. To achieve the goal of the study, it was necessary to solve a number of problems: 1) to characterize the essence of terrorism; 2) to identify its differences from extremism; 3) to determine the main technologies, the implementation of which is aimed at preventing terrorism.

In the study, methods of historical analysis were used, as well as interdisciplinary methods.

The results of the work clearly demonstrate that the identification of the most effective technologies for combating terrorism involves determining the essence and content of this antisocial phenomenon, the main levels of formation of terrorist activity. The most effective for the prevention of terrorism are political technologies based on digital platforms, updating domestic legislation against terrorism, educational and socio-economic state initiatives that prevent the development of terrorist activity in the Russian state and society.

Key words: terrorism, terrorist activity, terrorist act, extremism, political technologies, Russian Federation.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.014

N.Yu. TORIK PhD candidate, Department of Political Science, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF FORMING A MODEL FOR SUPPORTING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In this article, the author turns to the study of the process of forming a model for supporting innovative activities of enterprises in the industrial sector in the Russian Federation. The work defines the concept of “innovation activity” in relation to the industrial sector, highlights the regulatory framework for supporting innovative activity of industrial enterprises, analyzes the provisions of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation 2016-2025, as well as a model for supporting innovative activity of industrial enterprises in the Russian state.

Key words: model, innovation, innovative activity, state support, industrial enterprises, Russian Federation, scientific and technological development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.015

Z.M. GANDALOEVA Graduate student of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE MODERN PERIOD IN CONNECTION WITH NEW CHALLENGES

This research explores ongoing tendencies and future possibilities for fostering an investment-friendly climate in the North Caucasus region, with a particular focus on the Republic of Dagestan. Its objective is to scrutinize strategies aimed at enhancing the area's investment appeal, encompassing the attraction of non-budgetary funds and the implementation of innovative undertakings. The goals encompass an examination of pilot initiatives geared towards innovation and investment facilitation, as well as an evaluation of their impact on the region's economic progression. The methodological approach draws upon data analysis from the Agency for Strategic Initiatives and governmental programs. The novelty resides in a holistic approach to assessing the ramifications of investment ventures on the sustainable advancement of the region. The practical relevance stems from the potential to leverage the findings in recalibrating regional economic blueprints.

Key words: investment attractiveness, Republic of Dagestan, North Caucasus, innovative projects, sustainable development, non-budgetary investments, strategic planning, economic development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.017

A.S. GOMELAURI Ph.D. of political sciences, Graduate School of Media Communications and Public Relations, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

INTERREGIONAL COOPERATION ON ARCTIC ISSUES: CURRENT SPECIFICS AND PROSPECTS

This article presents an analysis of the relationships between the subjects of the Russian Federation regarding Arctic issues. The author examines the factors that facilitate or hinder the establishment of close cooperative links between subjects that are geographically – either fully or partially – part of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and are actively involved in the state’s Arctic policy. It is noted that these subjects possess varying resources that impact the formation of cooperative relationships, which necessitates cooperation to achieve the goals and objectives of the state’s Arctic policy. The conclusion is drawn that the consolidation of subjects to achieve common goals faces limitations due to significant internal inequalities and competition among the most prominent and productive participants.

Key words: interregional co-operation, Arctic region, Arctic, AZRF, Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.018

E.S. PETROV Post-graduate student of the Faculty of Political Science, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

ON SOME SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE INFLUENCE OF RUSSIAN FEDERALISM ON THE REGIONAL SYSTEM OF STATE AUTHORITY

The article is devoted to the problem of determining the subjects of jurisdiction and powers of state authorities in Russia, as well as their distribution between the centre and the region. It is proposed to study this feature of Russian federalism in the context of its influence on the system of separation of powers in the regions. The study applies political and legal analysis of normative acts, which allows us to study the legal basis for the distribution of powers between the federation and its subjects. In addition, a systematic approach is used, since the subjects of jurisdiction and powers of the regions are included in the general legislative system of the Russian Federation, which creates certain restrictive frameworks. The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the distribution of powers between the regions and the federal centre in the framework of influence on the regional system of state power. As a result of the study, the main concepts such as ‘subjects of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation’, ‘joint jurisdiction’, ‘exclusive jurisdiction of the subject’ are defined, and the concepts of ‘powers’ and ‘competences’ are clarified. It was determined that the subjects of jurisdiction allocated to the subjects are formed on a residual principle and regulated by federal laws, while most of the ‘subjects of joint jurisdiction’ are financed, as a rule, at the expense of the subject of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the problem arises that the amount of financial support available to the region does not allow for the necessary implementation of all the powers vested in the subject. This factor puts the regional public authorities in actual dependence on the federal authorities, which creates prerequisites for strengthening the importance of such a factor as ‘federal support’ of the regional institution of public power. For this reason, regional political actors set themselves one of the tasks – to obtain the maximum resource from the federal centre while competing with each other.

Key words: federalism, region, subjects of competence, authority, separation of powers.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.019

SH.O. ALIYEV Postgraduate student of the Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies Department of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS OF REGULATION OF EXTERNAL MIGRATION TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM

The purpose of the study is to study the most pressing aspects of the problem of regulating external migration to Russia and to find optimal ways to solve these issues. The author used the following research methods: analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific research, analysis of the regulatory framework and statistical data. The result of the study was the theses that the practice of assessing the criteria for labor shortages in regional labor markets and the impossibility of filling this shortage through domestic labor resources should become regular and applicable to all countries from which migrants come. To ensure objectivity, it is necessary to use a system of quantitative indicators that reflect the state of the local labor market, the balance of labor resources, and the impact of internal and international migration. Conclusions: a comprehensive approach to solving the problems of external labor migration in Russia will not only improve the situation on the labor market, but also make migration an effective tool for the development of the country's economy.

Key words: migration, external migration, labor migration, labor shortage, migration policy, labor market.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.020

YU.YU. GRYADUNOV Postgraduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia

RELATIONSHIP OF NATIONAL IDEOLOGY AND EDUCATION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between national ideology and the education system in Russia. The main attention is paid to the role of education in the formation of ideological attitudes in the conditions of modern Russian society. The purpose of the work is to study the mechanisms for integrating national values into the educational process and assess their impact on social stability. The work used methods of analysis of regulatory documents, public opinion polls and case studies. The main results highlight the importance of educational policies in maintaining national identity and cultural integration. The recommendations concern the development of curricula that promote critical thinking and respect for national culture. The research is important for the development of state educational strategy.

Key words: national ideology, educational system, Russia, cultural integration, national values, social stability, ideological integration, educational policy.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.021

A.V. DEMIDOV PhD in Political Science Associate Professor Moscow Humanitarian and Economic University, Moscow, Russia

SOME ASPECTS OF RUSSIA'S FOREIGN POLICY DURING THE REIGNS OF THE FIRST RUSSIAN TSARS OF THE ROMANOV DYNASTY

The article examines the military and political actions undertaken during the reigns of Mikhail Fedorovich and Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, aimed at the return of lands seized from our country during the Time of Troubles and before it, attempts to establish equal trade relations with European countries.

Key words: Time of Troubles, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, Smolensk, Novgorod-Seversky, Boyar Duma, Embassy order, Baltic Sea, Stolbovsky Treaty, Deulin truce, Polyanovsky Treaty, Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Vilna truce, Kardis Peace Treaty, Andrusovsky Treaty.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.022

M.U. ZHUMABEKOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan Universitu, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDOR "NORTH-SOUTH": WAYS OF FORMING EURASIAN LOGISTICS

This article is devoted to the consideration of the formation of logistics directions in which the EAEU countries and a number of international actors participate, when the corridor becomes a place of intersection of the transport corridors of Eurasia. It is noted that among the promising areas for Russia and the EAEU, the North-South International Transport Corridor (ITC) stands out, which should promote the development of trade relations with the countries of the Middle East, Southeast Asia and African states and prevent a transport blockade from the West. It is emphasized that the sanctions of Western countries against the Russian Federation created various sectoral problems in the field of shipping, which contributed to the withdrawal of the North-South ITC to the level of one of the key channels for the production of both exports and imports from the Russian Federation and the EAEU. It is concluded that over the years of its existence, it has not been possible to achieve fully set goals, but still there are certain successes and achievements. The MTK has become a multimodal project that.

Key words: MTK North-South, Eurasian Economic Union, cargo transportation, routes, seaports.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.023

WANG XIN Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

ECONOMIC WAR IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT: TYPES, CONSEQUENCES AND CHINA'S OVERCOMING STRATEGIES

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has provoked a number of economic wars between the US, Europe and Russia, including economic, trade, technological sanctions, etc. The economic war has a certain impact on the development of Russia, the US and Europe, as well as the development of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative. To cope with these consequences, China must increase awareness of the risks and be fully prepared.

Key words: Russian-Ukrainian conflict, USA, economic war, sanction.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.011

Y.A. SHITIKOVA Senior lecturer of the Department of Russian language and Intercultural Communication, Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Russia

IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE MILITARY SPHERE OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Artificial intelligence plays a central role in the development of military power. However, tracking the military application of artificial intelligence poses particular analytical challenges.

In our article, we examine China's military application of AI as well as the broader geostrategic implications of AI development for international rivalry. The article begins by examining the role of AI in China's overall military modernization plans. It then explores the implementation of AI to date in China's armed forces, the People's Liberation Army (PLA). It then highlights the obstacles that may prevent the PLA from realizing its military AI ambitions and explores some of the risks that military AI may pose to security relations.

Key words: China, artificial intelligence, PLA, security, risks.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.024

R.D. GREBNEV PhD of Law, Senior Researcher, Deputy Dean for International Affairs, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

Current processes of forming a fair multipolar world order require clarification of the principles of global governance, the key one of which is the principle of decentralization. The emerging system of decentralized global governance determines the relevance of the study of the SCO as an international organization that carries out its activities in accordance with the UN Charter but has independent functionality in the field of regulating international relations in Eurasia. The normative potential of the SCO and its status as a platform for coordinating the concepts of foreign policy of Eurasian states predetermines the most important role of the SCO in organizing inter- and trans-regional cooperation.

The SCO promotes the formation of the practice of international relations based on the geo-economic approach, the formation of regional systems of international relations and, in the long term, the corresponding to the concept of multipolarity coordination of regional groups of states on the principles of the cluster approach in global governance.

The results of the study were obtained using the linguistic legal method, the civilizational approach, the geopolitical scientific approach, as well as other methods inherent in global and regional studies. The article presents the results of a study of the ideological foundations of the SCO, its status and prospects in the system of decentralized global governance.

Key words: SCO, global governance, multipolarity, globalization of political processes, regionalization of political processes, Greater Eurasia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.025

A.S. RYZHENKOV Expert at the Institute of Institute of Contemporary International Studies of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Chief specialist-expert of the Russian House in Turkey, Moscow, Russia

NEW APPROACHES OF THE TURKISH GOOD PARTY TO PROMOTING PAN-TURKIST IDEAS AND VALUES DURING THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF M. AKŞENER

The article examines the approaches to foreign policy of the center-right opposition Turkish Good Party. The Good Party arose as a result of a split within the Nationalist Movement Party, which is considered as the main political actor in Turkey upholding pan-Turkic values. Unlike the Nationalist Movement Party, which was quite ossified in its approaches, the Good Party, formed in 2017, was able to offer many new ideas and tools aimed at the Turkish-centric integration of the Turkic peoples. Although the Good Party is experiencing a severe internal crisis in 2024, its ideas could have a significant impact on the external expansion of Turkish nationalism in the future.

Key words: Turkey, Good Party, Nationalist Movement Party, Pan-Turkism, Turkish parties, Turkish foreign policy, Russian-Turkish relations, Meral Akşener.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.026

ALYAFAI ALI SALEH PhD student, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

CRISIS IN RELATIONS BETWEEN QATAR AND THE THREE GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL COUNTRIES

The crisis between Qatar and the three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain), has had significant implications on regional politics and security. The conflict began in 2017 when the three GCC countries severed diplomatic and economic ties with Qatar, citing its alleged support for terrorism and its close ties with Iran. This has led to significant deterioration in political, economic, and social relations between the countries, as well as the impact on their citizens and businesses. The crisis has also raised concerns about the future of the GCC and its ability to maintain unity and cooperation in the face of regional challenges. This abstract will explore the causes and consequences of the crisis, as well as potential avenues for resolution and reconciliation between the involved parties.

Key words: Qatar, Gulf Cooperation Council, crisis, diplomatic relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.027

CHEN ZIHAO Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF DIPLOMACY OF CHINESE TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS

In the era of globalization, multinational corporations have acquired new functions, among which business diplomacy is one of the most important. Business diplomacy is an institutionalized transnational communication and mutual exchange activity between companies, governments, NGOs, NGOs, the public and individuals, carried out on the basis of respect for the laws, government system and culture of the partner country, in order to protect national interests and the image of the country, as well as increase the legitimacy of the company. Chinese multinational corporations, in the course of their international production and business activities, have over time developed their own, special approach to corporate diplomacy and unique strategies.

Key words: business diplomacy, multinational corporations, Chinese diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.028

I.I. IVLIEV Postgraduate student of the department of geopolitics Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR CREATING A COLLECTIVE SECURITY SYSTEM IN SOUTH ASIA

The article addresses the issue of establishing a collective security system in South Asia. The author emphasizes that the region is characterized by an "explosive" potential, encompassing chronic instability, unpredictability, and a plethora of challenges, including terrorist threats, drug trafficking, illegal migration, and poverty. The author concludes that the necessity of establishing a regional security system has been long overdue, yet for various reasons, its creation currently appears to be unfeasible.

The author identifies several key reasons for the impossibility of creating such a system. These include the significant military and economic imbalance between India and the rest of South Asian states, unresolved disputes between the nations of the region, the coutries’ own political interests, and the paralyzed work of key regional security organizations (e.g., the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), etc.). It is speculated that India, as a potential regional leader, could take the initiative to alter the status quo and initiate the development of an effective regional security system. Specifically, engaging in dialogue with South Asian states as equal partners, accompanied by a series of concessions in existing disputes, could establish the necessary conditions for breaking the region's current vicious cycle.

Furthermore, the author examines the activities of SAARC, delineating the pivotal deficiencies inherent in its structure that impede its capacity to address regional challenges. The author then proceeds to offer pragmatic recommendations for reforming the organization, which could definitively enhance SAARC's efficacy and contribute to the development of a regional security system.

The author's perspective will be of particular interest to scholars and experts engaged in the fields of international security, Indian studies, and international relations.

Key words: India, SAARC, South Asia, China, regional security, system of collective security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.029

KIM JUYEONG PhD Student, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF RUSSIA'S RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ARCTIC COUNCIL

The importance of the Arctic in the life of the world community is noticeably increasing, since the solution of energy, environmental and socio-cultural problems depends on the state of this region. The purpose of the article is to consider the role of Russia in the formation and ongoing work of the Arctic Council, maintaining joint work of the countries of the region and non-Arctic countries to ensure sustainable development of the Arctic. The article sets the following tasks: analysis of relations between Russia and the Arctic Council, generalization of Russia's work on international cooperation in the region and the results of Russia's chairmanship of the council (20210-2023), identification of the reasons for the deterioration of Russia's relations with Western countries since 2014 and especially since 2022; assessment of the possibilities for further cooperation with different countries on Arctic issues.

The Arctic Council is an international organization that plays an important role in maintaining mutually beneficial cooperation between Arctic and other countries in the development of Arctic territories, conservation of nature and communities of indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic. This organization, by its very nature, should not focus on military and political issues, but nevertheless, the international situation in the Arctic region has been influenced by anti-Russian states. Russia is the largest member of the Arctic Council in terms of territory and Arctic population. The Government of the Russian Federation has defined the Arctic as a priority area of national interests and has developed a long-term national program for its development. Russia seeks to develop the Arctic region and build constructive relations with the Council member states. However, after the introduction of economic sanctions in 2014 and the launch of the special military operation (SMO) by Russia in 2022, the Arctic Council members demanded that Russia leave the territory of Ukraine and limited their relations with Russia. This has had a negative impact on Russia's activities as the Chairman of the Arctic Council.

Key words: Arctic Council, Russian Federation, Arctic Regional Governance, Arctic Council Chairmanship.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.030

G.S. LAPSHAKOV Assistant Department of Sociology of Political and Social Processes, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Saint Petersburg, Russia

CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN JAPAN'S HISTORICAL POLICY AND OKINAWA'S HISTORICAL MEMORY: EXHIBITIONS AT THE OKINAWA PREFECTURAL PEACE MEMORIAL MUSEUM AND THE YUSHUKAN MUSEUM

Conflicts over the memory of World War II remain an important aspect of political processes in East Asia to this day. The historical policy pursued by the Japanese authorities has been criticized by states in the region for decades. At the same time, it also causes discontent in one of the regions of Japan – Okinawa Prefecture. This article examines the characteristics of two coexisting discourses on World War II. One is supported by the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan, which dominates the country's political life. The other is supported by the regional government and civil society in Okinawa. To compare them, the article uses materials from two history museums that are significant sites of memory for these discourses: the Yushukan Museum at Yasukuni Shrine and the Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum.

Key words: Politics of Memory, Historical Politics, Okinawa, Japan, Historical Memory, Yasukuni.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.031

D.M. MAKHARADZE Postgraduated student of the Department of Political Analysis, School of Public administration Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS IN THE POLITICAL SPACE OF POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES

This article is devoted to the consideration of the current nature of the activities and status of business associations in the political space of post-Soviet countries. Business associations of post-Soviet countries represent one of the most resourceful and involved in various political processes interest group. The following post-Soviet countries were chosen for the study: Belarus, Georgia, Lithuania, Kazakhstan and Russia. The paper provides an overview of the birth and development of business associations in these countries, describes the reasons that triggered the transformation of the participation models of business associations in these countries, which continue to this day. The paper also identifies a common approach used within the framework of this transformation by the countries listed above, which is neo-corporate. This approach consists in the creation and regulation of business associations by the state, which also determines the specific areas of activity of the associations themselves. At the same time, the presented neocorporativism of post-Soviet countries has a share of quasi-institutionalism, since most of the existing associations of the post-Soviet countries under consideration do not have a fixed regulatory status. The article identifies the existing trends in the development of business association models of post-Soviet countries within the neocorporativist approach. It also presents and analyzes the main problems that exist today within the framework of the formed models of participation of business associations in the political space.

Key words: Business associations, post-Soviet countries, representation of interests, entrepreneurial community, lobbyism, GR-technologies, neo-corporativism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.032

A.V. NEFEDOV Ph.D. student, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA'S INTERESTS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: BASED ON INTERVIEWS WITH FOREIGN EXPERTS

The article examines Russia’s interests in the Central African Republic (CAR) from the point of view of Western researchers. Since 2017 Russia has intensified contacts with this country, which for a long time remained on the periphery of Russian foreign policy priorities. In this regard, understanding Russia's interests in the CAR can be considered as relevant academic problem. In addition, looking at this problem from another angle allows to better understand some aspects of the african direction of Russia's foreign policy. The article stipulates that political interests (the struggle for a bridgehead in the center of Africa) currently prevail over economic and humanitarian directions of cooperation with the CAR.

Key words: Russia, Central African Republic, political interests, foreign policy, cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.033

N.S. SEMENOV Postgraduate student, Department of Oriental Political Studies, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE GEOPOLITICAL AND GEO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC CORRIDORS OF THE PRC'S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE IN SOUTH AND SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA

In the proposed article, the author analyzes the geopolitical and geo-economic significance of the infrastructural and economic corridors of the Chinese initiative "One Belt, One Road" (BRI). The introductory part emphasizes that the interconnectedness of territories and communities is a key factor in economic progress. China, continuing the traditions of the ancient Silk Road, seeks to minimize the risks associated with dependence on sea routes and initiates alternative land routes from Western Asia and Africa.

The "One Belt, One Road" initiative, announced in 2013, includes significant investments in infrastructure and the development of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). The world's leading economies are participating in this project, which minimizes trade costs and expands economic opportunities in the regions involved in the initiative.

The main corridors of the OBOR cover eight key routes, including the most important – the China-Pakistan and Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar economic corridor. Each of them has its own unique characteristics and represents a combination of transport, energy and cultural links. For example, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a strategically important project connecting China with the Gwadar port in Pakistan, which implies significant development of transport infrastructure.

The risks and challenges faced by these corridors are also considered. Geopolitical tensions, especially in the South China Sea and around India's economic interests, have an impact on the success of OPOP projects. The participating countries must find a balance between economic benefits and political commitments.

In conclusion, it is noted that the "One Belt, One Road" initiative contains the potential to bring existing trade and investment relations to a new level, but requires careful management and cooperation between the parties involved to minimize risks and achieve sustainable development.

Key words: geopolitics, Belt and Road Initiative, China, USA, European Union.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.034

G.O. SHISHOV Graduate student at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

GLOBAL CHALLENGES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EAEU

The article is devoted to the problem of defining current global challenges for the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in the context of the current transformation of international relations and geopolitical bifurcation. It is noted that the formation of new "centers of power" in the person of China and regional leaders (Turkey), as well as attempts by the United States and the EU to strengthen or diversify their influence on the countries of Eurasia, including the EAEU states, contribute to the complication of cooperation issues between states within the union. It is shown that the leading role in strengthening cooperation between countries within the EAEU belongs to Russia, which, due to natural factors (geographical location and proximity to most of the member states of the Union) as well as political and economic weight, is the initiator of the construction of "Great Eurasia". At the same time, the efforts of unfriendly states are aimed at weakening or reducing the role and significance of Russia on a global and regional scale, and therefore at reducing the role and economic potential of the entire EAEU. The purpose of the study is to systematize and identify the sources of global challenges for the development of the EAEU. The objectives of the study are to identify and systematize the main groups of challenges for the development of the EAEU, determine the key threats to the functioning of the Union as a whole and identify the geopolitical priorities of the main actors in relation to the EAEU member states. Research methods: system and logical analysis. Results: the trends in the dynamics of mutual trade in the total volume of foreign trade in goods of individual EAEU member states, the main priorities of world leaders in relation to the Union member states are highlighted. Conclusions: the conducted research shows the relevance of searching for new approaches to the formation of a balanced economic policy for the endogenous development of the EAEU member countries, which would be based on supporting strategic areas of economic development and stimulating national production in the context of ensuring more complete production cycles, a sound import substitution policy, consumer market development, new standards for protecting the business sector from global fluctuations (challenges and threats), the formation of strategic competitiveness of the economies of the member countries in the long term and its adaptability to the cyclicality of globalization processes.

Key words: EAEU, USA, EU, China, Russia, Asia, geopolitics, international relations, foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.035

T.V. RAD'KOVA Senior Lecturer, Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

STRATEGIC CULTURE OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREIGN POLICY PRIORITIES

The article attempts to analyse the influence of the strategic culture of the Italian Republic on its foreign policy. Historical, geopolitical, cultural and political factors that determined the formation of modern Italian strategic culture and its main features are highlighted. The degree of continuity of Italian strategic culture is assessed taking into account the unique strategic position of Italy in Europe and the Mediterranean.

Key words: Italy, strategic culture, foreign policy, Mediterranean region.

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.113.8.036

V.N. MEDVEDEV Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Institute of Civil Engineering and Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation; Deputy Director of the Federal Autonomous Institution "Federal Center for Normation, Standardization and Technical Assessment of Conformity in Construction" Ministry of Construction of Russia, Moscow, Russia

D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

CONTEMPORARY FEDERALISM AND ADMINISTRATIVE-POLITICAL STABILITY OF THE STATE

Based on an analytical review of studies and scientific articles by Russian authors, the article reveals the main sources of the process of stabilization of political and legal institutions, as well as possible administrative-political destabilization. An attempt is made to identify and substantiate the role of modern federal relations in ensuring state stability of the Russian Federation.

Key words: russian federalism, federal relations, administrative-political stability, political and legal institutions, destabilization.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 14. Issue 9 (114), 2024

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY, ETHNOGRAPHY

• Mukhamedov R.A., Akhtyamov D.I. Peasants of Simbirsk (Ulyanovsk) Province in the Early 1920s: Historical Aspect
• Gaverdovsky A.V. Activities of the Ryazan Provincial Emergency Commission for the Elimination of Illiteracy
• Gazieva A.A., Gasanov M.M. On the Issue of the Economic Status of the Russian Population of the Republic of Dagestan in the 1990-2000s.
• Abgaryan V.S. Creation and Improvement of the System of Work of State Authorities and Military Administration for the Development of Traditions of the Russian Army During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)
• Razgovorov S.V. The Revival of the Orthodox Brotherhoods Institution During the Church Reforms of Alexander II
• Molchanova T.V. On the Issue of Race Genesis in the Territory of Ancient China

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

• Kargin E.A. State-Civilization as a Manifestation of Multiple Modernities
• Legostaev I.A. Traditional Values in the Political Discourse of Russia and China: Comparative Analysis

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Soloviev V.A., Samolyanov O.A., Stryuk G.G. Person-Centricity in National and Foreign Scientific Discourse
• Karimov E.R. Digital Platforms and Public Policy: Analysis of Role and Influence
• Dzyuban V.V., Murtazin R.A., Seleznev I.A. Ethnopolitical Aspects of Integration Processes Between Mongolia and Russia (on the Example of the Mongols, Buryats and Yakuts)
• Dibrov E.A. The Experience of Using Hybrid Warfare Technologies in the Context of Legitimizing the Electoral Process in Bolivia and Ukraine: a Comparative Analysis
• Valyukas N.N. Issues of Social Networks in Political Communication
• Stalnoy A.L. The Fiasco of Denazification in FRG: Radical Student Protest and its Reasons
• Kuzina S.I., Sagiryan I.G. Socio-Political Determinants of the Formation of the Personality of a Terrorist

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

• Goryacheva Zh.A., Viktorov A.G., Ushakova S.N. The Role of the Personality in History. Patriotism, Educational Institutions and Their Heroes
• Minin A.I. Advantages and Problems of Merger of Municipalities in Russian Practice
• Smirnova T.S. Nationalization Policy: Theoretical Aspect
• Trunov I.L., Ayvar L.K. Demographics. Surrogacy. Human Trafficking. Conflict of Legal Regulation

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

• Bezruchenko V.I. Croatian Nationalism in Socialist Yugoslavia 1950s-1991
• Goncharenko A.R. Western Technologies and Instruments of Influence on the Education System in the Context of Hybrid War (on Materials of Central Asia)
• Lukina Yu.V. A New Phase of Cognitive Warfare Against Russia Against the Backdrop of Aggravated International Relations Between Russia and the Collective West in the Period of the SMO
• Ruban L.S. The Development of Tourism in Nepal in the Interaction of External Factors, the Natural Component and the Traditions of Natural Culture
• Bratkovskaya D.V., Rogova Ya.D., Tokareva S.A. The Linguistic Strategies for Building National Unity in Multicultural Countries: the Case of Russia
• Melkonyants G.A. The Transformation of Geopolitical Threats to the Security of the Russian Federation in the Context of Global Conflict in the 2020s.
• Paramuzova O.G., Rosales A.R. The Historical Aspect of the Development of Territorial Claims in Antarctica in the Context of the Need to Solve the Problem of Improving the Mechanism of Legal Regulation
• Semenov N.S. The Geopolitical Dimensions of the Implementation of China's ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative in the Asia-Pacific Region
• Chao Bingqing, Wang Xin. China's "Soft Power" as an Instrument of Solving Global Problems
• Yuan Chenzhao, Qian Chen. Inter-Party Cooperation Amid the Rise of Great Powers: a Comparison of Party-Building Models in China and Russia in the New Global Governance
• Binish. Approaches of New Delhi’s Towards Central Asia During Various Historical Periods

PUBLICATION REVIEW

• Slizovsky D.E., Medvedev N.P. On the Question of the Religious Situation in Modern Russia (Review of Publications)

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY, ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.001

R.A. MUKHAMEDOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of History of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

D.I. AKHTYAMOV Master's Degree in the Profile "Historical Education" of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

PEASANTS OF SIMBIRSK (ULYANOVSK) PROVINCE IN THE EARLY 1920S: HISTORICAL ASPECT

The author attempts to conduct a retrospective analysis of events in the most difficult initial period of Soviet power in the countryside, the 1920s, during the establishment and consolidation of the new government and attempts to implement the agrarian policy of the Bolshevik Party in the countryside. The purchase, sale, and lease of land was prohibited, and a monopoly on foreign and domestic grain trade was introduced. Since that time, the basis of the land policy of the young country subsequently became the collectivization of agriculture. The main sources were archival documents and materials from the State Archive of the Modern History of the Ulyanovsk region (GANI UO), which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time (Fund 3. Inventory 1, case No. 229, 327, 207). The article examines the participation of the poor, peasant population of the Ulyanovsk region in the process of establishing Soviet power, and subsequently in collectivization, as well as various assistance to peasants from the Soviet government and subsequent attitudes towards the Soviet government and the state as a whole.

Key words: poor, peasantry, collectivization, campaign, cooperation, middle peasant, kulak.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.002

A.V. GAVERDOVSKY Postgraduate student in the field of Historical science and archaeology, profile – National history Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

ACTIVITIES OF THE RYAZAN PROVINCIAL EMERGENCY COMMISSION FOR THE ELIMINATION OF ILLITERACY

This article discusses the problem of creating the All-Russian Emergency Commission for the Elimination of Illiteracy (CHEKA l/b), as well as its departments "on the ground" (they were called "gramcheka. The article highlights and describes the characteristic features of the activities of the Ryazan Provincial Emergency Commission for the elimination of illiteracy. The article notes that the commission sought to strengthen live communication with places, in addition to methodological meetings and conferences, carried out planned field visits, called employees for reports. In addition, she established regular receipt of materials from the field and sending responses to them, developed various instructions. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the historical experience of the fight against illiteracy. Thus, a comprehensive study of the Cheka's activities to eliminate illiteracy in the Ryazan province seems to be a very relevant problem both theoretically and organizationally and practically, the solution of which is aimed at one of the most important factors in the development of society at a critical stage. Scientific novelty. The article summarizes new material on the topic under study, introduces into scientific circulation a significant number of archival documents and materials of state and public organizations of the Ryazan province that were practically unknown to the scientific community before.

Key words: All-Russian Emergency Commission for the Elimination of Illiteracy, RSFSR, A.V. Lunacharsky, Council of People's Commissars, Narkompros, Ryazan province, county, parish.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.003

A.A. GAZIEVA Junior researcher DFITs RAS, IIAE, Department of New and Contemporary History of Dagestan, Makhachkala, Russia

M.M. GASANOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head. Department of Russian History Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF THE ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN IN THE 1990-2000S.

The article examines the issue of the peculiarities of the economic and social situation of the Russian population of the Republic of Dagestan in the period after the collapse of the USSR and Russia's entry into the path of market relations, when significant changes occurred in the socio-economic sphere. The relevance of the study lies in understanding the historical causes and consequences of the mass migration movement of the Russian population from the Republic of Dagestan, which is an important component for issues of national policy in the region at the present stage. Also, this study is relevant for understanding modern challenges in the region, which is especially important in the context of studying issues of security and stability in the Caucasus region.

Key words: perestroika, economy, business, crisis, Russians, migrations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.004

V.S. ABGARYAN adjunct, Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military University», Moscow, Russia

CREATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF WORK OF STATE AUTHORITIES AND MILITARY ADMINISTRATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (1941-1945)

The article is devoted to the study of the process of creating a system of work of state authorities and military administration for the development of traditions of the Russian army during the Great Patriotic War. The objective need for ideological cohesion of all strata of Soviet society in wartime conditions required the creation of a system of work of the country's military and political bodies, by increasing attention to issues of traditional Russian patriotism.

The threat of loss of state sovereignty and physical destruction required a radical revision of pre-war views, which led to the implementation of the national patriotic concept of protecting the Motherland. In accordance with the decisions of the highest party bodies and state and military administration bodies, the system of work on the development of the traditions of the Russian army was radically improved. The main directions and forms of the work carried out were determined by the military-political situation in the country, the main events and the strategic situation on the Soviet-German front. The repulse of the hated enemy, the decisive victories of the Red Army during the radical turning point, and the victorious end of the war determined the essence, main directions and forms of the work being carried out.

The author concludes that the achievement of positive results in the organization of work on the development of the traditions of the Russian army, the competent formulation of its goals and objectives was due to the successful interaction of the Soviet supreme party bodies, state and military administration, all forces of Soviet science and the public.

Key words: military traditions, patriotism, soviet ideology, the system of work, military administration, public authorities, the Soviet State.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.005

S.V. RAZGOVOROV Master of Historical Sciences postgraduate student of Moscow City Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

THE REVIVAL OF THE ORTHODOX BROTHERHOODS INSTITUTION DURING THE CHURCH REFORMS OF ALEXANDER II

The purpose of this work is to study the position of the clergy of the Russian Empire during the reign of Alexander II using the example of the revival of the institution of Orthodox fraternities in the western provinces. The work uses a historical-systemic method with consideration of the position of the Orthodox Church under Alexander II from different positions. Interest in the history of the church of this period arose in the 90s of the 20th century, but not much attention was paid to the issues of fraternities in them. Moreover, they practically did not touch upon such an aspect of their specificity as an attempt by the clergy to secure greater freedom in conducting internal affairs. The Orthodox Church under the governance of the Holy Synod was going through a long crisis. The clergy gradually turned into a kind of officials, which was noticeable both at the top and among the people. Against the background of the accession to the throne of Alexander II, reforms in the religious sphere were expected. The clergy sought to gain more freedom from secular power, while the government wanted to maintain the status quo. A potential point of contact could have been the institution of Orthodox fraternities, which it was decided to introduce in the western provinces against the backdrop of growing anti-Polish sentiments in society, with the aim of increasing the authority of the Orthodox Church against the backdrop of opposition to Catholicism. However, the initiative was quickly seized by the clergy, who began to create fraternities spontaneously, without state control. When the authorities realized the state of affairs, they took this practice under their full control, thereby turning the fraternities into the same bureaucratic structure. Against the backdrop of the history of Orthodox fraternities, a ripening conflict between the clergy and secular power is visible. Despite the importance of the Orthodox Church for society, the state could not allow it to develop independently, which only exacerbated the crisis.

Key words: Brotherhoods, Central Presence, subsidies, Holy Synod, schools, Polish Uprising, donations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.006

T.V. MOLCHANOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Regional Studies, St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Prof. M.A. Bonch-Bruevich", St. Petersburg, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF RACE GENESIS IN THE TERRITORY OF ANCIENT CHINA

The process of formation of modern man in China is connected with pre-literate history of mankind, which is the reason for the existence of various approaches to the problematic of the issue. Russian, Western and Chinese anthropologists and archaeologists adhere to two main points of view: the population of China is either Sinatropa or descendants of migrants from the West. However, each theory has certain contradictory and unproven theses. The Mongoloid race is not uniform, and representatives of northern and southern China differ in a number of race-forming features. Race formation in China is connected with subsequent processes of ethnogenesis of the Chinese people.

Key words: race genesis, Sinanthropus, Mongoloid race, racial characteristics, ethnogenesis of the Chinese, Chinese archeology, ancient China.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.007

E.A. KARGIN Postgraduate student in the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

STATE-CIVILIZATION AS A MANIFESTATION OF MULTIPLE MODERNITIES

The article considers the term “state-civilization” on the example of Russia and China. This term is relatively new for the domestic academic discourse and is considered in the context of the theory of multiple modernities. The possibility of multiple modernities is already inherent in the cultural program of European modernity, but their formation is also influenced by the civilizational traditions of different societies. These societies refuse Westernization as an indispensable attribute of modernization. Appeal to the theory of multiple modernities allows Chinese researchers to justify the existence of East Asian modernity, and domestic researchers to abandon the idea of the secondary nature of modernization processes in Russia as a way of simply copying Western values and institutional models with varying degrees of success. The revision of the European version of modernity entails the rejection of the non-alternative model of the nation-state, which successfully describes European realities, but causes controversy among researchers as to its applicability to such large countries as China and Russia. Their consideration as civilizational states implies an emphasis on the common cultural and linguistic spaces, the presence of centuries-old civilizational traditions and the unity of historical destiny on a sufficiently large territory, the common identity formed on this basis, and the presence of a single political center.

Key words: state-civilization, civilizational state, nation-state, multiple modernities, East Asian modernity, state, democracy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.008

I.A. LEGOSTAEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

TRADITIONAL VALUES IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF RUSSIA AND CHINA: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the analysis of traditional values in the political discourse of Russia and China. Traditional values play an important role in shaping political discourse in both Russia and China, having a significant impact on the domestic and foreign policies of both countries. The article analyzes the approaches of Russia and China to traditional values, both common features and differences are revealed. This phenomenon deserves close attention and comprehensive analysis, given its importance for understanding modern political processes. Moreover, the relevance of the topic is due to the fact that in the context of the active spread of the destructive anti-Russian agenda in the world, the protection, preservation and development of traditional values is a strategic issue.

Key words: Russia, China, traditional values, political discourse.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.009

V.A. SOLOVIEV Head of the Laboratory for Person-centricity and Leadership of the Institute for Public Administration and Governance of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

O.A. SAMOLYANOV Chief expert of the Laboratory for Person-centricity and Leadership of the Institute for Public Administration and Governance of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

G.G. STRYUK Deputy head of the Laboratory for Person-centricity and Leadership of the Institute for Public Administration and Governance of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

PERSON-CENTRICITY IN NATIONAL AND FOREIGN SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE

In conditions of socio-political instability, there is a need to introduce a person-centered approach in the activities of both governmental and non-governmental organizations. This approach contributes to the formation of a more just and benevolent society. However, to date there is no unified understanding of this term. One of the key objectives of the study is to compare the interpretation of the concept of “person-centeredness” in Russian and foreign scientific discourse. An essential aspect of the person-centered approach is the awareness of values and priorities of each person, which contribute to the development of his or her potential.

The study emphasizes that in the conditions of constant change, including the rapid pace of scientific and technological progress, it is the individual who is able to adapt and improve the world around him or her, establishing interaction with digital technologies in order to maximize their use to solve problems. The study reveals differences in the interpretation of the term “person-centricity” in Western and Russian discourse, identifies the most common goals, principles and models of implementing the person-centric approach in organizations, and attempts to develop assessment tools for its implementation. Eight principles of the person-centered organization are formulated, which is a significant value of this study.

Key words: client-centeredness, person-centeredness, person-centered approach, human-centered approach, human-centered design, management, leadership, spiritual and moral values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.010

E.R. KARIMOV Postgraduate student, Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics, South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

DIGITAL PLATFORMS AND PUBLIC POLICY: ANALYSIS OF ROLE AND INFLUENCE

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of the influence of digital platforms on public policy in the context of global digital transformation. The author of the study analyzes various approaches to defining the concept of "digital platform", offers a typology of platforms that have the greatest influence on the political sphere. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of influence of digital platforms on the formation of public opinion and political mobilization, such as algorithmic filtering of content, creation of information bubbles and "echo chambers", viral dissemination of information, decentralization of information flows. The author emphasizes the growing role of digital platforms and the network effects they create in the transformation of traditional political institutions and processes, and also notes the associated risks and challenges for democracy. The study contributes to the understanding of the new digital reality of public policy and opens up prospects for further study of the impact of technological innovations on political processes.

Key words: digital platforms, public policy, public opinion, political communication, political participation, algorithmic filtering, network effects, platformization, democracy, social networks.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.011

V.V. DZYUBAN Doctor of Historical Sciences, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the Department of History and Philosophy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Plekhanov Russian University of Economics”, Moscow, Russia

R.A. MURTAZIN Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of MSU, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov”, Moscow, Russia

I.A. SELEZNEV PhD in Sociology, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Institute of Socio-Political Research, Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

ETHNOPOLITICAL ASPECTS OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES BETWEEN MONGOLIA AND RUSSIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MONGOLS, BURYATS AND YAKUTS)

Studying the interaction of cultures is one of the key areas in modern humanitarian science. This work is aimed at studying the influence of the cultures of Mongolia, Yakutia and Buryatia. Having analyzed folklore sources, historical documents and ethnographic observations, we will try to answer the questions: how did these cultures interact in historical perspective? What elements were borrowed and how were they transformed? Which cultural elements retained their identity?

Key words: Buryats, Mongols, Mongolia, Russia, ethnopolitics, Yakuts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.012

E.А. DIBROV Applicant of PhD in Political Science of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE EXPERIENCE OF USING HYBRID WARFARE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF LEGITIMIZING THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN BOLIVIA AND UKRAINE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The article examines the experience of using hybrid warfare technologies in the context of legitimizing the electoral process in Bolivia and Ukraine. The reasons for the emergence of conflict-causing trends in the studied countries at different stages of their development, during which the peak of crisis political processes was recorded, are determined. The general narratives and stages of confrontation between pro-government and opposition political forces in Bolivia and Ukraine are listed. The political factors and foreign interest groups that supported the leaders of the protest crowd and the opposition, which, using information and communication technologies, led to a protracted multi-level crisis, division of society or civil war, are identified. In the context of the evolution of global trends, possible initiatives to stabilize and maintain the level of security in the studied countries are proposed.

Key words: Bolivia, Ukraine, delegitimization, opposition, putschists, election fraud, hybrid war.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.013

N.N. VALYUKAS Lecturer at the Department of Political Science, Management and Regional Studies, Voronezh Institute of Economics and social management, Voronezh, Russia

ISSUES OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN POLITICAL COMMUNICATION

The article examines the impact of social networks on political communication, as well as their advantages for political organizations. Special attention is paid to the analysis of key challenges that can affect the effectiveness of social platforms in the context of the political sphere. The article analyzes how social media is changing the traditional ways of communication between politicians and voters. This study not only highlights positive aspects, such as expanding reach and increasing audience engagement, but also points to important issues, including the spread of misinformation and the popularization of opinions. The article provides a comprehensive overview that helps to better understand how social networks have become an integral part of modern political discourse and what obstacles need to be overcome to optimize their use.

Key words: social networks, political space, political communication, digital information technologies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.014

A.L. STALNOY Postgraduate student, Department of Public Policy, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE FIASCO OF DENAZIFICATION IN FRG: RADICAL STUDENT PROTEST AND ITS REASONS

The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between two processes in the history of Germany – the denazification process and the student protest movement in the 1968. Based on historical sources and materials, the causes and consequences of the fiasco of denazification procedures, the official position of the German government on the interpretation of the past, the dynamics of collective memories of the national socialist period of German history and the features of the student protest movement are considered in detail. The author argues that the fiasco of denazification and the subsequent «renazification» of the West German elite act as a catalyst for the radicalization of the student protest movement, which initially had a peaceful status and fit into the global trend of protest against consumer-oriented capitalism. The article concludes that the fiasco of denazification, coupled with insufficient attention on the part of the federal government to the process of mastering the past, caused the strengthening in the public consciousness of the model of «negative nationalism», which assumes centralization around negative events and symbols of national history. Despite this, the terrorist activities of the organization «Red Army Faction» aimed at «denazification by hand» and the opposition to it by the federal government strengthened the legitimacy of state institutions and consolidated German society around the state.

Key words: denazification, Germany, Red Army Faction, left terrorism, student protest, nationalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.015

S.I. KUZINA Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the South Russian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Public Law Disciplines, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Done, Russia

I.G. SAGIRYAN Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Public Law Disciplines, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Done, Russia

SOCIO-POLITICAL DETERMINANTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE PERSONALITY OF A TERRORIST

The growth of terrorism throughout the world is due to geopolitical contradictions and armed conflicts between states. The prevention of terrorist attacks and the death of civilians requires the scientific study of all aspects of terrorism, including the identity of people who join the ranks of terrorists. Based on general sociological and systemic approaches, factors influencing the formation of a terrorist’s personality have been studied, such as: features of the social environment and psychotypes of individuals inclined towards terrorist activities. It has been proven that the growth of terrorism can be stopped by changing socio-political conditions that destructively affect the socialization of youth.

Key words: terrorism, terrorist act, socio-political determinants, personality of the terrorist.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.016

Zh.A. GORYACHEVA Director, GAPOU JSC "Astrakhan College of art fashion industry", Astrakhan, Russia

A.G. VIKTOROV Doctor of Philosophy (Phd), Professor RAM, Academician MOAN, Teacher, GAPOU JSC "Astrakhan College of art fashion industry" Astrakhan, Russia

S.N. USHAKOVA Teacher, GAPOU JSC "Astrakhan College of art fashion industry", Astrakhan, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE PERSONALITY IN HISTORY. PATRIOTISM, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR HEROES

The article attempts to analyze the materials of the archival fund of the Astrakhan College of Art Fashion Industry JSC in order to identify the biographical data of participants in a special military operation (SVO) who were educated at this college.

Of particular scientific interest are the data obtained during the study of archival sources, which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

The key aspect of the paradigm of perception of these works by the authors is based on a stable postulate, directly or indirectly confirming that it is possible to raise a patriot and a hero of one's homeland only under the condition of complex interaction of all spheres of socio-political development, including educational, as a cornerstone of formation, socialization and harmonious development of a comprehensively developed personality.

In the course of the study, the authors used both general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and private scientific methods and principles characteristic of historical science (objectivity, systemic and historicism).

Key words: education, patriotism, educational institutions, socio-political development, Astrakhan region, special military operation, heroes of the SVO.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.017

A.I. MININ Postgraduate student of the Autonomous Non-Commercial Organization of Higher Education "Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy", Moscow, Russia

ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS OF MERGER OF MUNICIPALITIES IN RUSSIAN PRACTICE

In this scientific work, the author briefly analyzes the advantages and problems of merger of municipalities in Russian practice. To do this, the author, first of all, considers the essence of the process of territorial transformations as such, its features, analyzing, among other things, statistical indicators of implementation in Russian practice. Then the author goes directly to the consideration of two directions of territorial transformations, their advantages and disadvantages, including accompanying the theoretical part with practical examples. The object of this scientific study is the advantages and problems of merger of municipalities in Russian practice. The purpose of this scientific study is a comprehensive, consistent analysis of the advantages and problems of merger of municipalities in Russian practice. Methods of this scientific study: formal-legal, comparative analysis, dialectical, generalization, specification, systematization, deduction, other methods of theoretical and practical levels of scientific knowledge. The scientific novelty of this scientific research lies in the preparation of a comprehensive study, the formation of the author's conclusions regarding the advantages and problems of the unification of municipalities in Russian practice. This scientific article, therefore, will be useful to theorists, practitioners, students and faculty of economic and other areas of training, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the advantages and problems of the unification of municipalities in Russian practice and the experience of territorial transformations in general.

Key words: territorial structure, federal structure, territorial transformations, municipalities, current state, unification.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.018

T.S. SMIRNOVA Postgraduate student at RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

NATIONALIZATION POLICY: THEORETICAL ASPECT

The most important direction of state economic policy is regulation of public sector, and in it – the policy of nationalization. The significance of this policy becomes extremely important in critical moments of history, which is today's situation in the world. In this regard, the problems of development of nationalization policy, including its theoretical aspects, seem extremely relevant. The article considers the definition of nationalization policy, its goals, objectives and forms, as well as the factors influencing it.

Key words: nationalization, privatization, set of measures, property, state control, public interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.019

I.L. TRUNOV Ph.D. in Law, professor, Lawyer, Deputy Chairman of the International Union of Lawyers, Chairman of the Presidium of the international Law firm “Trunov Ivar and Partners”, Moscow, Russia

L.K. AYVAR Ph.D. in Law, professor, lawyer, Deputy Chairman of the Union of Lawyers of Russia, Moscow, Russia

DEMOGRAPHICS. SURROGACY. HUMAN TRAFFICKING. CONFLICT OF LEGAL REGULATION

In Russia for the first time, the civil institution of infertility treatment with the use of surrogate maternity is qualified as a criminal offense. In different regions of Russia, the same type of criminal cases of criminal law qualification was initiated under Art. 127.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

A new type of crime has appeared, qualified under Article 127.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation – the participation of single men in assisted reproductive technology programs using surrogacy.

Key words: assisted reproductive technologies, biotechnologies, children of the future, donor material, surrogacy, human trafficking, single men, infertility.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.020

V.I. BEZRUCHENKO Ph.D. in political science, Colonel (Ret.), Deputy Chairman of the International Independent Commission for Investigation of Sufferings of Serbs in Sarajevo, Saint Petersburg, Russia

CROATIAN NATIONALISM IN SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA 1950s-1991

This study is devoted to the issue of genesis of Croatian ethnic nationalism in socialist Yugoslavia. The study analyses the reasons for growth of radical Croatian nationalism and associated Serb-Croat contradictions, formation and program of the Croatia Democratic Union, and political views of its leader and the first president of Croatia Franjo Tudjman, as well as the reasons and outcome of the Serb-Croat conflict of 1991-1995.

Key words: nationalism, ushasha, Serb-Croat relations, Croatian Democratic Union, ideology of Croatian nationalism, Maspok, ethnic conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.021

A.R. GONCHARENKO Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

WESTERN TECHNOLOGIES AND INSTRUMENTS OF INFLUENCE ON THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF HYBRID WAR (ON MATERIALS OF CENTRAL ASIA)

In the conditions of the hybrid war waged by the West against the Russian Federation, Central Asia continues to be a place of clash of interests of great powers. The sphere of education is one of the most important, because the struggle for younger generation's minds is being waged.

The aim of the work is to identify technologies and tools used by the West at the present stage to influence the educational system of Central Asia.

The objectives are to identify the goals pursued by the West in implementing projects in the field of science and education in the Central Asian republics and to characterize the hybrid technologies used by Western countries.

Methodology: general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative and systematic approaches, analysis of regulatory acts governing the process of implementing educational policy in the Central Asian republics and financing.

Results. It was revealed that the actors implementing educational policy in the republics are state bodies of Western states, non-governmental organizations controlled by them, and private universities. The instruments are educational exchanges of students and teachers, joint educational programs, provision of additional education, advanced training, professional retraining under programs provided by the United States and its allies, distribution of educational materials compiled by the West for schools and universities, construction of infrastructure facilities, assistance in reforming the educational systems of the republics.

Conclusions. The government agencies and departments of the USA, the UK and their allies are aimed at promoting their own foreign policy interests related to preserving the existing world order, for which at the moment it is necessary to win the confrontation with Russia. Education is used to promote the values recognized by the West as the only true ones, and to form a network of supporters and agents of influence in the region.

Key words: hybrid warfare, education, national security, hybrid technologies, Central Asia, countering foreign interference.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.022

Yu.V. LUKINA Senior Lecturer, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

A NEW PHASE OF COGNITIVE WARFARE AGAINST RUSSIA AGAINST THE BACKDROP OF AGGRAVATED INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE COLLECTIVE WEST IN THE PERIOD OF THE SMO

This article explores a new phase of cognitive warfare directed against Russia against the backdrop of the SMO. The information space is filled with attacks emanating from various media sources of Western states. It is necessary to analyze information and propaganda campaigns, previously not conducted on such a scale, which became possible due to the use of new technologies and artificial intelligence. All countries of the world are involved in information campaigns to a greater or lesser extent. The author of the article analyzes such weapons as fakes, disinformation, covering the events allegedly taking place on the “second front” deployed against the Russian Federation. The article also gives a content analysis conducted among young people, revealing the degree of awareness of fakes. The author lists different measures used by countries to limit the flow of fakes that influence the consciousness of the population and subsequently lead to possible protest actions. In view of the relevance of the topic of propaganda and disinformation, recommendations are given on how to counter the information war directed against the Russian Federation.

Key words: cognitive warfare, disinformation, SMO, collective West, propaganda, fakes, Telegram.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.023

L.S. RUBAN Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Head Researcher of V.V. Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations and Institute Economical Strategies, Moscow, Russia

THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN NEPAL IN THE INTERACTION OF EXTERNAL FACTORS, THE NATURAL COMPONENT AND THE TRADITIONS OF NATURAL CULTURE

In the article, the author traces and analyzes in detail the development of the main branch of the socio-economic system of Nepal, namely tourism, the functioning of which allows this country to solve the problem of employment and the fight against unemployment and total poverty. The development of tourism is shown comprehensively, in close interaction of the influence of external factors, the natural component and the traditions of national culture. The article presents the gradual change of Nepal from a country isolated from the outside world (both by natural conditions – surrounded by the highest mountain system in the world, and by the actions of the internal authorities prohibiting foreigners from entering the country until the early 1950s. Russian Russian trace is also present in the opening of Nepal to the outside world, associated with the activities and contributions of Russian citizen B.N. Lisanevich, an artist of the Diaghilev Russian Ballet, who successfully proved himself in the field of management in the hotel and restaurant business, who rendered invaluable services to the Nepalese royal authorities. Lesanevich brought it the first group of European tourists came to Nepal, opened the first fashionable hotel in Nepal, promoted Russian products in this country, and organized the 300 Club to develop effective communication between the local middle class and the elite with foreigners. All this also contributed to the development of sports tourism in Nepal – the mountaineering boom began, in which representatives of not only European countries, but also China, Japan, USA and New Zealand participated and are taking part. The author notes the broad support of the Nepalese authorities for the promotion of the centuries-old culture and history of Nepal, the preservation of historical monuments of this country, taking into account the religious component, for which numerous pilgrimage projects are organized, because the country is the Birthplace of the Buddha. Ecological and agricultural tourism is also developing, especially since the country has unique animals and plants living in the highlands.

Key words: Nepal, Kathmandu, Pokhara, Chitwan Park, Stupa, Everest (Jomolungma), Buddhism, Buddha, historical tourism, sports tourism, eco-tourism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.024

D.V. BRATKOVSKAYA Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

Ya.D. ROGOVA Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

S.A. TOKAREVA Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE LINGUISTIC STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING NATIONAL UNITY IN MULTICULTURAL COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF RUSSIA

The article examines linguistic strategies aimed at building and strengthening national unity in multinational and multicultural countries, with a focus on the case of Russia. Special attention is given to the historical evolution of language policies in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and the Russian Federation. Modern approaches to supporting the Russian language as the main means of interethnic communication and the preservation of cultural diversity through the development of minority languages are analyzed. The rhetorical techniques used in media and social networks to promote the idea of a multinational Russia are explored, as well as the role of social networks in shaping national identity among young people. The conclusion discusses the prospects for the development of language policy in the context of globalization and the necessity of maintaining a balance between integration and the preservation of the cultural characteristics of Russia's peoples.

Key words: linguistic strategies, national unity, multinational countries, Russian language, language policy, minority languages, social networks, media, national identity, globalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.025

G.A. MELKONYANTS South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

THE TRANSFORMATION OF GEOPOLITICAL THREATS TO THE SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CONFLICT IN THE 2020S.

The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of geopolitical threats to the security of the Russian Federation in the context of the global conflictogenicity of the modern world. The study highlights the key causes and events that provoked the chaotic and bifurcation nature of the current phase of global politics, which expands the spectrum and changes the content of geopolitical threats to Russia. Based on local and global geopolitical analysis, the author differentiates new challenges and dangers into threats of the "first" (border and internal) and "second" (world) orders. Threats of the "first" order consist in the formation of an extremely conflictual environment in the territories bordering the Russian Federation, as well as within Russia itself through an expanded toolkit of military and political influence. In turn, threats of the "second" order cannot be solved within the framework of a special political response and ensuring the national security of only one state, they require collective and decisive measures to neutralize them. In the course of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that in order to effectively counter these threats to the Russian Federation, an optimal combination of basic principles of military security is necessary, and the search for the safest formula for the transition to a multipolar world lies in line with the consolidation of peoples and countries that disagree with Western hegemony and an attempt to convince the United States that it is necessary to build an international security system only taking into account the equal interests and collective efforts of other political poles.

Key words: geopolitical threats, security, Russia, multipolar world, global politics, conflictogenicity, threats of the "first" and "second" orders.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.026

O.G. PARAMUZOVA Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of International and Humanitarian Law, North-West Institute of Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Saint Petersburg, Russia

A.R. ROSALES Student of the SZIU RANHIGS, Saint Petersburg, Russia

THE HISTORICAL ASPECT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL CLAIMS IN ANTARCTICA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEED TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF IMPROVING THE MECHANISM OF LEGAL REGULATION

The article is devoted to the study of historical aspects of the emergence and development of territorial claims in the international relations of states in Antarctica. The relevance of this study directly follows from the prevailing trends in world politics. Firstly, the Antarctic precedent can become an example of the division of important and significant territories for all mankind and help in the event of a newly formed conflict to establish legal regulation over any territory without preponderance towards any state. Secondly, Antarctica is a continent that is not subject to the sovereignty of any country, which makes it a unique place for international cooperation and peaceful use, and due to modern geopolitics and political decisions of certain states in relation to each other, as well as decisions of unions and communities of countries in relation to certain states The Antarctic use regime may soon be called into question by the world community in order to limit the activities of any country on the continent. Also, do not forget that Antarctica plays a key role in maintaining the global climate system. The study and protection of its unique ecosystem requires clear and effective legal regulation. Relevance is directly related to the degree of development of the topic. The bottom line is that modern researchers analyze the Antarctic Treaty from the point of view of the stage of the historical development of international law, however, for example, the question of amending the Treaty is either not raised by researchers at all, or is raised, but without clear proposals for improvement. At the same time, the process of bringing to justice for its violation in most cases is described only in general terms without specifics.

Key words: territorial claims in Antarctica, historical aspects, the international legal status of Antarctica, the Antarctic Argument of 1959.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.027

N.S. SEMENOV Postgraduate student, Department of Oriental Political Studies, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE GEOPOLITICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CHINA'S ‘ONE BELT, ONE ROAD’ INITIATIVE IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION

The article is devoted to the geopolitical aspects of the implementation of the PRC's "One Belt, One Road" initiative in the Asia-Pacific region. The BRI is a strategic project aimed at creating a so-called China-centric global economic system. Despite its potential benefits, the initiative causes considerable concern from the countries of the "Global West", as it strengthens China's influence in the international arena, exacerbating economic and political rivalry with the United States.

It is noted that the initiative is becoming one of the key topics of the geopolitical confrontation between the United States and China. The peculiarity is that China's approach to this rivalry does not fit into the traditional framework of the Cold War. Beijing is striving to develop its economic and military capabilities while maintaining a strategic balance, including strengthening relations with Russia.

The article also describes various economic and geopolitical challenges faced by Western countries, such as deindustrialization and growing foreign debt. Instead of an effective counter-strategy, the United States often resorts to reactive actions, which casts doubt on its ability to counter Chinese ambitions.

The article also examines China's relations with neighboring countries such as Japan and India. Japan, although it has its own concerns about BRI, is considering the possibility of interaction with China, which demonstrates Tokyo's pragmatic approach. India, on the other hand, is trying to counter China by reforming its own economic strategies and participating in alternative initiatives.

Thus, the article emphasizes that the BRI not only changes the economic landscape of the region, but also poses a significant challenge to traditional international power structures, which requires a new strategy from Western countries in response to this challenge. In the future, the successful development of the BRI can become a critical factor in determining the future economic and political structure of the region.

Key words: geopolitics, geoeconomics, infrastructure and economic corridors, Belt and Road Initiative, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.028

CHAO BINGQING Postgraduate student of the Department of Geopolitics of the FGS, Moscow State University Moscow, Russia

WANG XIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Geopolitics of the FGS, Moscow State University Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S "SOFT POWER" AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SOLVING GLOBAL PROBLEMS

The concept of "soft power" has become a key element of China's foreign policy in recent decades. In the context of globalization and increasing international competition, China utilizes soft power to strengthen its influence on the global stage. This concept, introduced by American political scientist Joseph Nye, refers to a nation's ability to achieve its goals not through military or economic pressure, but through cultural, ideological, and diplomatic influence. The goal of this study is to analyze how China applies soft power to address global challenges and assess its effectiveness in shaping a positive national image and enhancing international cooperation. The research aims to examine the main directions of China's soft power use, as well as analyze the role of Chinese media and cultural projects in promoting national interests. Qualitative research methods were employed, including the collection and analysis of documents, reports, and publications on China's policies, along with a comparative study of soft power practices used by other countries, such as the United States, Japan, and the European Union. The results demonstrate that China actively uses soft power to create a positive international image. The primary areas of focus include cultural diplomacy through initiatives like Confucius Institutes, investments in educational programs, support for the film industry, and the promotion of the Chinese language. The conclusions drawn indicate that China’s soft power is a crucial tool in its foreign policy and plays a significant role in addressing global challenges. As global competition intensifies and geopolitical shifts occur, China's soft power will continue to evolve, but its successful implementation will require consideration of cultural and political differences between countries.

Key words: soft power, China, foreign policy, cultural diplomacy, globalization, international cooperation, Confucius Institutes, media resources, educational programs, positive image, national interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.029

YUAN CHENZHAO Master's degree, University of Melbourne China

QIAN CHEN Phd in economics, Haina HIC Research Center, Yangze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China

INTER-PARTY COOPERATION AMID THE RISE OF GREAT POWERS: A COMPARISON OF PARTY-BUILDING MODELS IN CHINA AND RUSSIA IN THE NEW GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

Inter-party cooperation between China and Russia amid their rise as great powers represents an important aspect of new global governance. Both countries seek to strengthen their positions on the international stage by developing their own political models based on their unique history, political culture, and strategic interests. While their models of party building share certain similarities, they also feature significant differences that reflect the specifics of each country. One of the most important aspects of inter-party cooperation between Russia and China is the exchange of experience in managing state and political structures. In recent years, contacts between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and "United Russia" have intensified, including regular high-level meetings, exchanges of delegations, and participation in various forums aimed at enhancing mutual understanding and cooperation. This cooperation is seen as a way to create a united front against Western pressure and to promote alternative governance models on the world stage. China is actively developing initiatives aimed at strengthening its international influence, such as the "Belt and Road Initiative," and seeks to integrate its economic and political interests with partners around the world. Russia, in turn, focuses on reinforcing its position as one of the key players in a multipolar world, cooperating with China within frameworks such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and BRICS.

Key words: inter-party cooperation, China, Russia, party-building, global governance, rise of great powers, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.030

BINISH Graduate student, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

APPROACHES OF NEW DELHI’S TOWARDS CENTRAL ASIA DURING VARIOUS HISTORICAL PERIODS

This article analyzes India’s approaches towards the states of the Central Asian region within the framework of New Delhi’s Central Asian outlook from 2011 to 2022. The great importance of this region to India is discussed, along with the strategies and specific features.

The Author examines these initiatives in this paper’s context of the emerging regional geostrategic landscape. India has moved its regional policy from the ‘Look North’ paradigm to ‘Connect North’ to enhance economic and strategic ties. Notably, SCO’s membership offers India more significant collaborations to play an active involvement in the region. India is therefore prepared to establish deeper collaborations with the area within the framework of new [20] geopolitical changes shaping Central Asia (modern Central Asia states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan). More importantly, the region seeks to participate actively. It is stated that New Delhi's implementation of its many agreements and obligations is necessary to continue the start of a new age of cooperation spearheaded by Prime Minister Modi. Although strengthening bilateral relations with the region is essential, working closely in regional groupings will also help address regional economic and security challenges.

Key words: Central Asia, New Delhi, Connect Central Asia Policy, Russia.

PUBLICATION REVIEW

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.114.9.031

D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of History of Russia, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Moscow, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN MODERN RUSSIA (REVIEW OF PUBLICATIONS)

Reflections on and in connection with reviews of scientific articles are not a detailed tracing of the analysis of the structure of the material that some authors of publications presented. This is a pretext and reason for analyzing the concept and stage-by-stage development of the religious situation in Russia, a description of the religious and church experience in the ideas and consciousness of its researchers. The results of the analysis showed that, firstly, the religious situation declares its diversity of forms and actions of active influence on the relations between the state and the church, and on the intra-confessional-church relations and connections; secondly, the ideas and assessments of the nature of the religious situation become more rigid and unambiguous, and the background environment fills the entire spectrum of relations of the object and subject of the religious situation with contradictions. The modern religious situation in Russia, due to its inclusion in the particularities of the current moment, raises the mystery of revelation and scientific knowledge to an unprecedented level for everyone, believer or atheist.

Key words: state, religions, religious situation, secular power, religiosity.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 14. Issue 7 (112), 2024

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY. ETHNO-NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ISSUES

• Abrosimov N.S. The Coup of November 18, 1918 and Admiral Kolchak Through the Eyes of His Contemporaries
• Voropaev N.N. The Significance of the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation in the Formation of a New Legislative Body of State Power in the Ryazan Region
• Mineev A.I., Vasiliev N.S., Shchiptsova A.V. Using the GDELT Global Database to Study the Activities of the Russian Political Elite of the 20th Century: from Lenin to Khrushchev
• Smolyanko I.A. Estates of Representatives of the Mordvinov Family: Influence on the Cultural Situation in Russia
• Ilmiev R.I. Apartment Buildings in Moscow at the Turn of the XIX-XX Centuries: a Mirror of Entrepreneurial Activity
• Kaziyev R.M. Dynamics of Political Power in the Dagestan Region in the 1860s-1870s: Historical Overview and Political Changes
• Kulakov I.V., Berseneva L.V. Antireligious Propaganda and School Practice in 1923
• Mukhametzyanov M.S. The Museum of the Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering as the Most Important Factor in Preserving the Historical Memory of the University
• Tereshchenko O.V. Fyodor Andreevich Shcherbina about the Local History and Nomadic Culture of the Kuban Cossacks

THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS

• Pankov A.V. Current Concepts and Directions of Modern Domestic Theoretical and Methodological Discussions, Representing the Civilizational-Elitist Approach: "Coevolutionary Development" and "Eurasianism"

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, ETHNOPOLITICAL PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Starostin A.M., Gajiev M.M. Problems of Managing International Relations in Modern Russia: a Constructivist Approach
• Makeeva E.A., Makeeva I.A., Efankina K.V., Golova A.P. Student Groups in the System of the Youth Self-Development
• Lu Xiao. Current Recruitment System Chinese Government Employees
• Tarakanova S.M., Egorova A.M. The Role of Parties in the Symbolic Dimension of Political Space
• Bokova E.I. Educational Initiatives of the United Russia Parliamentary Party in the Period from 2013 to 2024

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

• Gryadunov Yu.Yu. Problems and Prospects for the Integration of Traditional Values into Modern Russian Society
• Fandyushin M.V. Improving the Classification of Urban Electric Transport
• Kolesnikov A.I. Technocratic Legitimization and Digitalization in Modern Russia

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• Nikolaev N.P. Climate Policy in a Multipolar World
• Nazarov A.D. Features of the Development of the Ethnomigration Situation in Russia and the World in the Conditions of Fragmentation of International Relations
• Surma I.V. International Legal Features of Cybersecurity in the Context of High-Technology Crime
• Camara S. Postcolonial Ethnopolitical Separatism in Divided Societies (Case of Africa)
• Benyaminov M.V. Russian-English Diplomacy in the Era of the Northern War 1700-1721
• Gabbasova K.R. Muslims in China (a Historiographical Review)
• Gekht A.B., Mitasov V.A. Integration Processes in the Nordic Countries in the Ideological Heritage of Gunnar Myrdal
• Xu Hongliang. Struggle for Soviet Power: the Role of Chinese Volunteers and the Working Class in the Formation of the RSFSR (1917-1922)
• Cao Shengweng, Liu Linyu, Alekseenko O.A. Development of Comprehensive Cooperation Between Partner Countries within the SCO
• Demidov A.V. Russia and the Westphalian Peace
• Bredikhin A.V. The Image of Russia in the View of Chinese Students
• Grebnev R.D. European Union as an Element of a System of Global Governance
• Plotnikov V.S., Dubrovina O.V. Russia and Saudi Arabia: Foreign Policy Turns to the East
• Ignatov D.A. Problems and Prospects of Creating an International Gas Hub in Turkey and Strengthening Russia's Position in this Project
• Zhadan R.A., Nerovnyj A.V., Patrusheva D.A., Tsygonyaeva A.U. Participation of Women in Politics and Public Administration in Modern Turkey
• Leonova K.S. Analysis of Russian and Chinese Activities in the Field of Sustainable Development
• Annenkov V.I., Moiseev A.V. Long-Range Unmanned Aerial Vehiclesin the Ukraine-Russia Armed Conflict
• Al-Yafai Ali Salih. Russia's Relations with the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait in the Trade and Economic Sphere
• Nefedov A.V. Russia's Relations with African Countries: History and Current State

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

• Medvedev N.P., Slizovsky D.E. Contemporary Political Elites: on the Vector of Direction of Russian Research

DOMESTIC HISTORY. ETHNO-NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.001

N.S. ABROSIMOV Senior Lecturer, Ufa State Oil Technological University, Department of Philosophy, History and Social Engineering, Ufa, Russia

THE COUP OF NOVEMBER 18, 1918 AND ADMIRAL KOLCHAK THROUGH THE EYES OF HIS CONTEMPORARIES

The coming to power of Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak in the fall of 1918 is an important event in the history of the Civil War in Russia. The white forces would have won if they had not been led by the Supreme Ruler, and to the extent that this ruler knew and controlled what was happening in the territory entrusted to him. These and many other questions have not yet received a clear answer. In this article, the author tried to collect the diaries and memoirs of the leaders of the white movement, one way or another connected with the figure of the admiral and analyzed the role of Kolchak himself in the coup. How were his subordinates characterized and what hopes did they place on the Supreme Commander-in-Chief? And what was the political situation in Omsk and Siberia in 1918-1919.

Key words: Kolchak, Siberia, Civil War, memoirs, White movement.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.002

N.N. VOROPAEV Postgraduate student of the 1sr year in the field of Historical science and archaeology, profile – National history, Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE 1993 CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE FORMATION OF A NEW LEGISLATIVE BODY OF STATE POWER IN THE RYAZAN REGION

The article is devoted to the topical issue of the formation of a new regional legislative authority. It was the Constitution of the Russian Federation that was the fundamental basis for the formation of legislative authorities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation [5]. The purpose of this work is to analyze the stage of preparation of a new text of the Constitution. The article focuses on its development and adoption. The author notes that the preparation of the new text of the basic law was accompanied by an acute political struggle. As a research task, the author identified an attempt to reveal the specifics of the preparation of a new Constitution. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that it summarizes new material on the topic under study, and new archival documents are involved in scientific circulation for the first time. The study shows that with the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993, the former political system was replaced by a presidential republic with a different type of political relations and institutions, values and norms. The main method used in this study was an integrated approach to the study of historical phenomena. This allowed the author, in the course of his work, to consider the formation of a regional legislative body in the context of real-life social, economic, political relations and processes.

Key words: Constitution of the Russian Federation, Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, President of the Russian Federation, Congress of People's Deputies, Ryazan Regional Council of People's Deputies, Ryazan Regional Duma.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.006

A.I. MINEEV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Interfaculty Basic Laboratory 1C of the Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Cheboksary, Russia

N.S. VASILIEV Assistant of the Department of Computer Science of the Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Cheboksary, Russia

A.V. SHCHIPTSOVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science of the Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Cheboksary, Russia

USING THE GDELT GLOBAL DATABASE TO STUDY THE ACTIVITIES OF THE RUSSIAN POLITICAL ELITE OF THE 20TH CENTURY: FROM LENIN TO KHRUSHCHEV

Understanding various aspects of the formation of the Soviet elite goes far beyond the boundaries of individual branches of the humanities and requires an integrated approach – using sociological and anthropological methods and tools, based on a new methodology associated with interdisciplinary research. The object of the study is the Global Database GDELT, the subject is a study of the activities of the political elite of Russia/Soviet Union in the 20th century and the historical memory of it in society through the media of Russia, China, and the USA. The information presented and analyzed in the article made it possible to test an interdisciplinary methodology through the involvement of digital data and media space in order to obtain commemorative practices aimed at the formation of historical memory.

Key words: global database, GDELT, interdisciplinary methodology, political elite, USSR.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.007

I.A. SMOLYANKO National Research Mordovian State University named after N.P. Ogarev, State Institution of the Republic of Moldova "Scientific Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Russia

ESTATES OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE MORDVINOV FAMILY: INFLUENCE ON THE CULTURAL SITUATION IN RUSSIA

The estates of representatives of the Mordvinov family, who occupy a prominent place in the history of Russia, had a significant impact on the cultural situation of the country. The Mordvinov estates, located in various regions of Russia, became centers of attraction for prominent figures of culture, art and science of that time. The article examines the history of the Mordvinov estates, their architectural and landscape features, as well as the role of these estates in the cultural life of the country.

In particular, the emphasis is on the “Good Wasteland” estate in Yalta and the estate in Lomonosov. It describes how these places became a refuge for many prominent personalities of the time, including Catherine II, Peter III, as well as Ivan Shishkin, Alexander Benois and many others. The transformations that took place on the estates over different historical periods are described, including their use as a rehabilitation hospital during the First World War and subsequent conversion into sanatoriums.

The article also concerns the influence of Nikolai Semenovich Mordvinov, vice admiral and first minister of maritime affairs of the Russian Empire, on the development of the country's maritime infrastructure and economic policy. Special attention is paid to his activities in the field of the Black Sea Fleet and his contribution to the development of the Russian economy.

The article emphasizes that the Mordvinov estates were not only examples of architectural art and places of cultural exchange, but also contributed to the development of social and economic projects, influencing the cultural situation in Russia as a whole.

Key words: cultural situation, representatives, estate, project, estate.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.003

R.I. ILMIEV Postgraduate student Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

APARTMENT BUILDINGS IN MOSCOW AT THE TURN OF THE XIX-XX CENTURIES: A MIRROR OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY

The article focuses on the analysis of entrepreneurial activity associated with the construction and operation of apartment buildings in Moscow during the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, emphasizing their economic and cultural significance. The study aims to analyze the historical role of these apartment buildings in order to appreciate their importance as an economic, social, and cultural phenomenon in urban life.

The main objectives include examining the impact of entrepreneurship on urban development and assessing the contribution of apartment buildings to Moscow's socio-cultural and economic growth. The research methodology relies on diachronic, statistical, and chronological approaches, examining historical sources, plans, photographs, and socio-economic and cultural factors that shaped the formation and operation of these buildings. Special attention is given to the roles of entrepreneurs, investors, and architects in this process. The study has shown that apartment buildings in Moscow at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries played an important role in the city's economic life, attracting investments and creating jobs. The architectural ensembles and design solutions developed during that period had a significant impact on the city's appearance and cultural identity.

The study of these buildings helps us to understand the historical context of Moscow's development and contributes to the more effective preservation and adaptation of its cultural heritage for future generations.

Key words: Moscow, Moscow studies, apartment buildings, homeowners, urban planning, architecture, entrepreneurs, merchants.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.005

R.M. KAZIYEV Postgraduate student, Faculty of History, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

M.M. GASANOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Russian History, Faculty of History, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

DYNAMICS OF POLITICAL POWER IN THE DAGESTAN REGION IN THE 1860S-1870S: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND POLITICAL CHANGES

This article discusses the changes in the political system of the region after the formation of the Dagestan region. The relevance of this topic is due to the need to understand the historical context of political processes in the Dagestan region and their influence on the formation of a new political-administrative system. The conclusions of the work help identify key trends and events that have affected the political sphere of the region during the specified period, as well as analyze the causes and consequences of political changes.

Key words: Dagestan, region, chief, district, naibstvo, administration, power, department.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.008

I.V. KULAKOV Priest, head of commission for canonization of saints in Rybinsk diocese of Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchia), Rybinsk, Russia

L.V. BERSENEVA Specialist of Rybinsk diocese of Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchia), Rybinsk, Russia

ANTIRELIGIOUS PROPAGANDA AND SCHOOL PRACTICE IN 1923

After seize of church valuables action, there was activization of antireligious propaganda in 1923. V. Mayakovsky poetry, publications in Yaroslavl’ newspapers of the period are well illustrated it. In addition of the propaganda there was more cruel acts of Decree on Separation School from Church and school reform realizing. Archive documents and diary of Iraida Tikhova more precise discover the repressive situation with orthodox teachers and Russian Orthodox Church at all in 1923.

Key words: antireligious propaganda, repressions on Orthodox teachers in 1923, school reforming in 1920s.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.009

M.S. MUKHAMETZYANOV Postgraduate student of the Institute of Tatar Encyclopedia and Regional Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia

THE MUSEUM OF THE KAZAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING AS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IN PRESERVING THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF THE UNIVERSITY

This article examines the role and importance of the museum of the Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering as the most important way to preserve the historical memory of the university. It describes the development of the museum in the context of modern technologies, the introduction of digital technologies to increase the attractiveness of the museum and attract visitors. The importance of the museum's funds, their cataloging and electronic support is indicated. The importance of the museum as a resource for studying and respecting the history of architectural and construction education in the region is also emphasized.

Key words: Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, history, science, students, research, architecture, memory, education, heritage, industry, progress, innovation, museum, museification.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.010

O.V. TERESHCHENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of Department of Socio-Economic and Humanitarian Disciplines, Stavropol branch of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Stavropol, Russia

FYODOR ANDREEVICH SHCHERBINA ABOUT THE LOCAL HISTORY AND NOMADIC CULTURE OF THE KUBAN COSSACKS

The article offers an analysis of the main social, military, everyday and territorial aspects that formed the basis of the local history of the Kuban Cossacks, and formed a special semi-nomadic way of life within the framework of the activities of local communities. The relevance of the study determined the need for a more detailed study of the reasons and prerequisites for the formation of the nomadic culture of the Kuban Cossacks, which today corresponds to the national policy for the development of the regional Cossacks of the South of Russia. If we compare the existing system of values of nomadic culture with the peculiarities of the development of the rhizome in botany, we can come to the conclusion that nomadic culture grows the easier, the more its representatives (national, cultural and linguistic) have spaces for growth, opportunities for creative development, actualization of will and realization of primary volitional qualities. A nomad always has divergent thinking, and especially the “great nomad”. In the framework of this study, we use special historical methods, methods of historical anthropology and cultural studies. The results of a study of the consistent evolution of local communities into a kind of synthetic formation, including peasant and Turkic-nomadic segments that determined the way of life of the Cossacks in the XIX century.

Key words: local history, Cossacks, nomadism, city, structure, social attitude, mentality.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.011

A.V. PANKOV Postgraduate student, South-Russia Institute of Management – branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

CURRENT CONCEPTS AND DIRECTIONS OF MODERN DOMESTIC THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL DISCUSSIONS, REPRESENTING THE CIVILIZATIONAL-ELITIST APPROACH: "COEVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT" AND "EURASIANISM"

In the context of the problem of the formation of Russian civilizationally oriented patriotic elites that meet the urgent task of developing Russia as a sovereign state-civilization, the article presents an analysis of current concepts and directions of modern domestic theoretical and methodological discussions representing the civilizational-elitist approach: "coevolutionary development" and "Eurasianism". The author concludes that the identified ideological and theoretical trends in the development of Russia and domestic elitogenesis reflect the current renormalization of the value-oriented foundation of Russian modernization on traditional cultural and civilizational grounds, which can be considered a positive trend in the formation of a Russian civilization-oriented paradigm in political science and the formation of a patriotic elite.

Key words: civilizational approach, civilizational-elitist approach, conservative modernization, state-civilization, traditional values, new world order, coevolutionary development, Eurasianism.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, ETHNOPOLITICAL PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.012

A.M. STAROSTIN Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Leading Researcher of the Rostov State University of Economics, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

M.M. GAJIEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

PROBLEMS OF MANAGING INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN MODERN RUSSIA: A CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH

The article analyzes the basic models of political management of interethnic relations under the following schemes: "conflict", "patronage", "partnership". The authors represent these models not only in the context of adaptation and adjustment of management impacts to the established inter-ethnic "ecology", but also within the framework of the methodology of social constructivism, innovative social technologies. Through them, the best-known political strategies, such as "divide and rule" and "unite and rule", have been designed and sequentially applied to inter-ethnic and inter-ethnic relations. The first strategy is based on "conflict model" technologies. The second is based on the "patronage" and "partnership" model.

Key words: interethnic relations, conflict, patronage, partnership, social constructivism, model, political technologies, political management.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.014

E.A. MAKEEVA Candidate of historic science, associate professor of the department of history and philosophy of the Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

I.A. MAKEEVA Teacher of English gymnasium “SUN”, Penza, Russia

K.V. EFANKINA Student, the chief of the student groups’ Staff Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

A.P. GOLOVA Student, the commissioner of the student groups’ Staff Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia

STUDENT GROUPS IN THE SYSTEM OF THE YOUTH SELF-DEVELOPMENT

The formation and development of any state is connected with young people’s integration into socio-political and socio-cultural country activity. Student youth participate in social life not only via education but also through various forms of their own activity, choosing ways of social interaction. Student participation in socio-economic development of the country, manufacturing practice, youth socialization and self-development all these with the help of various ways and methods were realized and are realized in the student groups’ life. The article is devoted to the analysis of the student groups’ activities and their role in the value beliefs formation. In the article special attention is given to the analysis of the student groups’ activities, traditions, mentoring for schoolchildren.

Key words: youth sociology, student groups, self-development, voluntary activity, mentoring, labour upbringing, patriotic upbringing.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.015

LU XIAO Graduate student of the Department of Sociology, Political Science and International Processes of the Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Tambov, Russia

CURRENT RECRUITMENT SYSTEM CHINESE GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES

This article examines the system and sequence of hiring civil servants in China. The criteria for staff selection were studied. The author came to the conclusion that there are three such criteria: meritocracy, quality and specialization. Special attention is paid to the organizational control of the State over personnel procedures. It explains in a special way who can and who cannot become civil servants. The structure and content of the exam as the main form of employment are revealed. A large number of recruitment contests have been proven. Due to its honesty and rigidity, this is an obvious significant advantage of the Chinese civil servant selection system. The main procedures for hiring Chinese civil servants are given. The article analyzes innovations in recruitment activities in recent years, the organization of exams is being reformed and changes are being made to the registration qualification requirements during registration. The author believes that the recruitment of civil servants in modern China is an ever-evolving phenomenon, but the goals and content of modern selection are deeply connected with Chinese history and traditions.

Key words: Personnel, Personnel policy, People's Republic of China, Communist Party of China, Recruitment, Recruitment system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.016

S.M. TARAKANOVA Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Faculty of State and Municipal Administration, Department of Political Institutions, Processes, Technologies, Moscow, Russia

А.М. EGOROVA Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Faculty of State and Municipal Administration, Department of Political Institutions, Processes, Technologies, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF PARTIES IN THE SYMBOLIC DIMENSION OF POLITICAL SPACE

The aim of this article is to delineate the role of political parties within the symbolic dimension of the political sphere. Throughout this piece, the authors explore various approaches to understanding symbols at large, with a special focus on symbols in the context of political interaction. Theoretical insights from T. Parsons on social interaction are employed, highlighting the significance of «expressive symbols» and «propagandists» within political communication. Subsequently, the discussion turns to the specific symbols that constitute the symbolic structure of a political party – «object symbol», «idea symbol», «sound symbol» and «person symbol». Party symbols serve a critically important communicative function between society and authority, playing a pivotal role in political propaganda and the political socialization of society, thereby influencing the formation of political beliefs.

The authors conclude that the symbolism utilized by political parties plays a key role in stabilizing and integrating the political system, facilitating the reproduction and strengthening of political connections within society. However, since the early 2000s, there has been a transformation in Russia's political landscape, characterized by a push towards the consolidation of social and political forces, leading to a simplification of the «political mosaic» and a reduction in the number of parties. This process, in turn, has led to a narrowing of the «symbolic space» and a decrease in pluralism within the public political dialogue, i.e., the formation of a political system dominated by a single actor, thereby distorting the reality of political competition. The authors suggest that in this context, some remaining parties attempt to adapt to new conditions by borrowing rhetorical strategies from others, ultimately leading to a blurring of the boundaries between different political identities and creating an illusion of political diversity.

Key words: symbolic politics, symbolic relationships, symbolic structure of the party, image of the political party, political identity, political symbols.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.018

E.I. BOKOVA PhD candidate, Department of Political Science Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

EDUCATIONAL INITIATIVES OF THE UNITED RUSSIA PARLIAMENTARY PARTY IN THE PERIOD FROM 2013 TO 2024

This article is devoted to the consideration of the initiatives of the parliamentary party "United Russia" in the field of education. The author analyzes the dynamics of the educational initiatives of the party over a period of more than ten years.

The results of the study, conducted on the basis of bills, as well as the provisions of the election programs of the United Russia party for different years, clearly demonstrate the expansion of educational initiatives, as well as the commitment of the parliamentary party to the ideas of continuity of education, ensuring its continuity, introducing and strengthening the values of patriotism in the educational space, unification of educational literature, optimization and modern equipment of school buildings.

Key words: Education, initiatives, parliamentary party, United Russia, draft law, election program, federal law, pre-school education, Russian Federation, modernization.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.019

YU.YU. GRYADUNOV Postgraduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF TRADITIONAL VALUES INTO MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems and prospects for the integration of traditional values into modern Russian society against the backdrop of globalization processes. In the context of strengthening national security and preserving territorial integrity, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 9, 2022 No. 809 puts into effect the “Fundamentals of state policy for the preservation and strengthening of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values.” The study emphasizes the dynamism and multidimensionality of traditional values, their ability for renewal and continuity. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of traditional and universal values in the context of the ethnocultural diversity of Russia.

Key words: traditional values, globalization, national security, spiritual and moral values, ethnocultural diversity, universal values, public policy, Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.020

M.V. FANDYUSHIN Postgraduate student in the field of «Public administration and sectoral policies» of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

IMPROVING THE CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN ELECTRIC TRANSPORT

This article raises the issue of the lack of an up-to-date classifier of urban ground electric transport, which significantly complicates the formation of target indicators necessary for the development of this category of transport, and also complicates the determination of the regions' needs for rolling stock. Outdated classifiers do not reflect the current situation in urban electric transport and significantly complicate the development of transport planning documents. The author proposes a new classification that takes into account the parameters of the existing model range on the market of the domestic manufacturer, as well as in the fleets of electric transport enterprises. This classifier is recommended for inclusion in regulations at the federal level to improve state policy in the field of transport.

Key words: public administration, state policy in the field of transport, urban electric transport, transport development, transport classifier.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.021

A.I. KOLESNIKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences Bunin Yelets State University, Yelets, Russia

TECHNOCRATIC LEGITIMIZATION AND DIGITALIZATION IN MODERN RUSSIA

Power is always inextricably linked with society, which gives it legitimacy – the right to implement political decisions. At the same time, public trust in the government is based on a number of ways that, one way or another, can be indicated in various types of legitimacy. It is natural that the political thought of the XX and XXI centuries so thoroughly approached the conceptualization of the ways in which power achieves unconditional recognition of society. In the 21st century, due to the large-scale digitalization of all spheres of public life, legitimacy begins to be based on completely different principles. The technocratic component and the special qualities of a politician as a technocrat become the basis of legitimization. Similar processes are more or less present in all countries of the world, including modern Russia. The author discusses the technocratic model of government in the 20th century and the problems of legitimizing political power and public life through digitalization in the 21st century.

Key words: Russia, government, legitimization, technocracy, meritocracy, legitimacy, society, digitalization, IT sphere.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.022

N.P. NIKOLAEV Professor of the National Research University «Higher School of Economics», Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Property, Land and Property Relations, Moscow, Russia

CLIMATE POLICY IN A MULTIPOLAR WORLD

The article considers the problem of the effectiveness of the global climate policy implemented by various countries. The author notes that despite the large enough financing of decarbonization projects by different countries, no significant results have been achieved to reduce the rate of global temperature growth. At the same time, it is emphasized that the real counteraction to climate change primarily requires solving the problem of cross-country management of the planet's water resources, which necessitates the construction of a multipolar climate policy. The author concludes that it should be about the priority of the «water climate transition» over the «green» one. The author also comes to the conclusion about the priority of the strategy of «small things» over the strategy of global abstract promises.

Key words: climate policy, multipolar world, water resources, hydropolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.023

A.D. NAZAROV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Member of the Commission on Information Support of the State National Policy of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation on Interethnic Relations, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ETHNOMIGRATION SITUATION IN RUSSIA AND THE WORLD IN THE CONDITIONS OF FRAGMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

This article is devoted to the analysis of the state and prospects for resolving the aggravated migration situation in our country and the world in the context of ensuring international security. Specific mechanisms of this activity, features of its development and implementation in connection with the increased clashes on ethnic grounds, a wave of terrorist attacks, among which the terrorist attack in Crocus City Hall stands out are considered.

Key words: migration policy, illegal migration, tightening of rules for admission to Russian citizenship, foreign experience in the adaptation of refugees and labor migrants.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.025

I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of the National Association for International Information Security, Associate Professor of the Department of International and National Security of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FEATURES OF CYBERSECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF HIGH-TECHNOLOGY CRIME

The article considers the role and significance of high-tech crime in the modern world, shows its distinctive features, such as transnational nature and constant evolution. Since criminals today can carry out their criminal activities from anywhere in the world, and victims and targets of cyberattacks can be located in completely different jurisdictions, the author draws attention to the importance and necessity of revising approaches to combating cybercrime and emphasizes the importance of international cooperation in this area. Particular attention is paid to the importance of the development of normative legal acts and international cooperation to ensure security in the digital environment. The draft Convention on Combating Cybercrime as an alternative to the Budapest Convention, proposed by the Russian Federation and adopted at the final session of the UN Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of a Comprehensive International Convention on Combating the Use of Information and Communication Technologies for Criminal Purposes, is considered. A chronology of the discussions on the UN Convention on Cybercrime is presented.

The author believes that despite the fact that the text of the Convention was partially agreed upon and the final document contains fragments adopted behind the scenes, as well as some of the provisions could not be agreed upon, the adopted draft UN Convention will become the basis for international law enforcement cooperation in the fight against cybercrime, and it can undoubtedly be considered a success of Russian diplomacy, expert community and law enforcement agencies of different countries, as the document will allow to legalize a number of necessary tools at the international level.

Key words: high-tech crime, UN, UN Convention on Cybercrime, international cooperation, Budapest Convention, cybercrime.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.026

CAMARA S. Candidate of the Institute of Philosophy and Socio-Political Sciences of the Southern Federal University, Mali, Bamako

POSTCOLONIAL ETHNOPOLITICAL SEPARATISM IN DIVIDED SOCIETIES (CASE OF AFRICA)

The aim of the work is to identify the features of ethnopolitical separatism in the postcolonial period using Africa as an example. The theoretical and methodological substantiation of the role of political factors in the emergence of ethnic cleavages in divided societies is given. A typology of politicization of ethnic cleavages is proposed. Based on the theory of Social Cleavages Rokkan - Lijphart, taking into account the discursive direction proposed by Russian authors, several perspectives for studying the discourses of divided societies are formulated. The possibilities of constructing the integration of postcolonial divided societies in Africa are described.

Key words: ethnopolitical separatism, postcolonialism, consociativism, divided societies, multi-component societies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.027

M.V. BENYAMINOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History of the Middle Ages and Modern Times, State University of Education, Mytishchi, Russia

RUSSIAN-ENGLISH DIPLOMACY IN THE ERA OF THE NORTHERN WAR 1700-1721

The article examines diplomatic relations between Russia and England during the Northern War of 1700-1721 between Russia and Sweden. The specific diplomatic steps of Russia and England during this period are considered. This article is of interest because, based on the analysis of Russian-British diplomatic relations during the era of the Northern War, it is possible to understand the historical pattern of relations between Russia and Western countries, which remain unchanged today and determine the modern policy of relations between Russia and the West.

Key words: Russia, England, Sweden, Northern war, political balance of power, national interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.004

K.R. GABBASOVA Senior Lecturer at the Department of Economic Theory, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia

MUSLIMS IN CHINA (A HISTORIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW)

The article examines the study of the history of Islam in China in domestic and foreign historiography. It is emphasized that the problem of the legal status of Muslims in China has been developed unevenly and insufficiently in science today. The problems that require further study are identified.

Key words: China, PRC, Muslims in China, Islam in China, Uighurs.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.028

A.B. GEKHT Phd Associate Professor, the head of department of History and Regional Studies, the Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

V.A. MITASOV Bachelor in Foreign Regional Studies The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES IN THE IDEOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF GUNNAR MYRDAL

The present article is devoted to the consideration of scientific views of Gunnar Myrdal (1898-1987), a prominent Swedish socio-political and scientific figure. A major researcher of socio-economic processes, G. Myrdal is one of the central theorists and ideologists of the social-democratic model of the welfare state, which was established in Sweden in the second third of the XX century. The scientist's scientific heritage is also great - outside the Nordic countries he is known as the creator of the Stockholm school of macroeconomics, institutional and sociological direction of scientific thought, substantively echoing Keynesianism. Many provisions formulated by G. Myrdal and his followers were widely reflected in the processes of economic, social and political integration in Scandinavia and Finland, which unfolded in the region of Northern Europe immediately after the end of the Second World War under the leadership of the ruling social-democratic parties. In no small measure, the integration processes in the Nordic countries anticipated similar phenomena in the leading countries of Western Europe, and the ideological and scientific heritage of G. Myrdal continues to attract the attention of various public figures and researchers.

Key words: Gunnar Myrdal, Sweden, integration processes, regional integration, Nordic Council, the Nordic countries.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.029

XU HONGLIANG Senior lecturer, Heihe University Doctoral student of Historical Sciences, Beijing Pedagogical University, Beijing, China

STRUGGLE FOR SOVIET POWER: THE ROLE OF CHINESE VOLUNTEERS AND THE WORKING CLASS IN THE FORMATION OF THE RSFSR (1917-1922)

The relevance of the paper stems from the need to consider international Russian-Chinese relations, especially the role of Chinese workers and volunteers in the establishment of Soviet power. The ideas of the Soviet Russian programme, freedom of equality and fraternity formed the basis of the First Programme of the Chinese Communist Party. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that archival materials, articles by Soviet and Chinese historians reflecting the role of Chinese volunteers in the establishment of Soviet power in the RSFSR are investigated. The main methods are diachronic method (the period from 1917 to 1922 is considered), retrospective method (examination of the role of Chinese volunteers on the basis of archival and contemporary sources), anthropological method (influence of the struggle of Chinese workers on the formation of the ideas of the CPC). The aim of the work is to examine the role of Chinese workers and volunteers in the formation of the RSFSR in 1917-1922. The sources for the study are archival documents («Central State Archive of the Soviet Army», «Central State Archive of the October Revolution and Socialist Construction of the USSR»), issues of «Pravda», «Shen Bao», «Sovetskaya Rossiya», and «Ural» newspapers, research by Soviet and Chinese historians, as well as modern scholars. The author concludes that courage, fortitude, heroism and interest in the ideas of socialist revolution among Chinese workers and volunteers made it possible to convey the ideas of equality and brotherhood to their compatriots and fight for liberation of oppressed peoples.

Key words: RSFSR, Republic of China, Chinese volunteers, Chinese workers, Soviet power, Comintern, Communism, 1917-1922.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.030

CAO SHENGWENG Undergraduate student Globalistics, Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

LIU LINYU Undergraduate student UNESCO Chair for the Study of Global Problems, Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

O.A. ALEKSEENKO Candidate of political sciences Global Processes Department Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE COOPERATION BETWEEN PARTNER COUNTRIES WITHIN THE SCO

The article discusses issues related to the development of comprehensive cooperation between partner countries within the framework of the SCO. The purpose of the study is to study the issues of comprehensive cooperation of partner countries within the SCO, to identify the main features and features. Research methods: analysis, comparison, logical reasoning and many others. The author of the article emphasizes the importance of developing cooperation between partner countries within the framework of the SCO. The concept of "Hehe" is defined. The influence of Confucianism on the formation of Chinese politics is noted. Cooperation between Russia and China has huge potential and prospects for development. The two countries are actively developing partnerships in various fields such as energy, transport, infrastructure, science and technology, agriculture, tourism and culture. An example of such cooperation is the construction of the Southern Gas Pipeline, which will supply Russian natural gas to China, as well as joint projects in the field of information technology and the space industry. Cooperation between Russia and China has a long-term perspective. Both countries are aware of the importance of strengthening their relations and regularly hold consultations on expanding cooperation. This cooperation allows Russia and China to effectively solve global problems and strengthen their position in the international arena. The author examines various areas of cooperation between Russia and China, identifies the main advantages. The prospects for the development of cultural and humanitarian values of Russia and China are studied.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the issues of comprehensive cooperation of partner countries within the SCO, to identify the main features and features.

Methods: the method of analysis, comparison, logical reasoning and many others.

Results: The issues of comprehensive cooperation of the partner countries within the framework of the SCO have been studied. The main features and features are revealed.

Conclusions: The development of comprehensive cooperation between partner countries within the framework of the SCO makes it possible to achieve many goals and objectives in the international arena. First of all, this interaction concerns the development of political, economic, trade relations, as well as the security of countries.

Key words: cooperation, countries, partners, SCO, members, benefits, development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.031

A.V. DEMIDOV PhD in Political Science Associate Professor Moscow Humanitarian and Economic University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA AND THE WESTPHALIAN PEACE

The article examines some aspects of Russia's foreign policy of the XVII century against the background of the Thirty Years' War in Europe and the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia, which officially put an end to this war.

Attention is drawn to the fact that many initiatives associated both with us and in foreign literature with the name of Peter I had their origin from the reign of his predecessors – Mikhail Fedorovich and Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.

Key words: the Time of Troubles, the Moscow Throne, intervention, the Holy Roman Empire, the Baltic Sea, trade, Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Protestantism, Christianity, the Thirty Years' War, Moscow, the Smolensk War, the Peace of Westphalia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.024

A.V. BREDIKHIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia LI INO Master of Sociology at the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMAGE OF RUSSIA IN THE VIEW OF CHINESE STUDENTS

In the context of deepening globalization and increasing frequency of international cultural exchanges between Russia and China, as countries with deep historical roots, it is of particular importance to consider the mutual image of the countries. The elements of its formation are cross-cultural and educational contacts, which include student exchanges. When Chinese students come to the Russian Federation, they not only gain new knowledge, but also enrich themselves culturally and form their own idea of our country. The purpose of this article is to study the image of Russia in the representation of Chinese students, analyze the factors influencing this image and put forward appropriate proposals. The authors come to conclusions about the difficulty of verifying the information received and the need for additional mechanisms in order to constructively shape the image of our country among foreign students.

Key words: China, Chinese students, image of Russia, Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.032

R.D. GREBNEV PhD of Law, Senior Researcher, Deputy Dean for International Affairs, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

EUROPEAN UNION AS AN ELEMENT OF A SYSTEM OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

The European Union as a regional political and economic association of European countries can be considered from the point of view of various approaches and theories in the field of international relations.

In the current state of the system of international relations, the European Union is considered as a politically organized but dependent part of the global governance system, performing supporting functions in the global geopolitical project of the Anglo-Saxon world. Europe's dependent position arises as a result of the control established by the United States over the regional system of international relations in the field of military-political cooperation.

The polarization of international relations based on the principle of states' commitment to one of two globalization projects, led by the United States and the leaders of the world majority, respectively, influenced the differentiation of formats for developing global policy. The concept of multipolarity influences the further decentralization of global governance, implying a strengthening of the role of regional systems for regulating international relations.

From the point of view of the concept of multipolarity, the bodies of the European Union and regional international organizations form an incomplete regional system for regulating international relations, complicated by the geopolitical aspect. In the context of the concept of multipolarity, the positive prospects for the European Union are associated with the formation of the status of one of the equal actors in global politics and the collective pole of a multipolar world. The key condition for the inclusion of the European Union in a decentralized system of global governance in a multipolar world is the exit from the influence of the Anglo-Saxon world, a formal sign of which could be the refusal of European countries to participate in the North Atlantic Alliance and a foreign policy turn towards the Eurasian security system.

To solve research problems, issues of political integration in Europe were studied in a comparative aspect within the geopolitical approach, the theory of new regionalism and the concept of multipolarity. The methodological basis of the study is also formed by systemic, actor and institutional approaches of global studies.

Key words: European Union, global governance, geopolitical approach, globalization of political processes, regionalization of political processes, multipolarity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.017

V.S. PLOTNIKOV PhD in Social Science, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Customs, Siberian State Transport University, Novosibirsk, Russia

O.V. DUBROVINA Doctor of Political Sciences, Full Professor, Professor of the Political Science and Political Management Department, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA AND SAUDI ARABIA: FOREIGN POLICY TURNS TO THE EAST

The article is devoted to the foreign policy of Russia and Saudi Arabia turning to the East. It shows the relevance of Russia's geopolitical rapprochement with the East, the importance to search for partners in the Muslim, including the Arab world.

The events of the first quarter of the 21st century led to rebuilding the world geopolitical architecture and made Russia to turn to the East. In the new geopolitical space, Russia is focusing on multilateral and bilateral cooperation with Saudi Arabia, and it is based on the fact that Saudi Arabia is also turning to the East towards Russia.

The article analyzes the main dimensions and directions of cooperation, shows the uniqueness of both countries, the peculiarities of interaction and tough geographical and economic competition while the countries of the Persian Gulf, the USA, China and European countries are the leading foreign trade partners of Saudi Arabia. In these circumstances it is important for Russia to strengthen its position in relations with the Middle East.

Key words: geopolitics, geographical economics, Saudi Arabia, Middle East.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.013

D.A. IGNATOV Chief Specialist, After-sales service in Africa and Middle East, JSC “Russian Helicopters”, Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL GAS HUB IN TURKEY AND STRENGTHENING RUSSIA'S POSITION IN THIS PROJECT

The article examines the history of the formation of political and economic ties between Russia and Turkey in the 20th century and during the first decades of the 21st century. Special attention is paid to the impact of the current geopolitical and geo-economic crisis on the state of cooperation between countries in various sectors of the economy (with a detailed analysis of relations in the energy sector). An attempt has been made to formulate the main obstacles and opportunities that have arisen against the background of this crisis in terms of the development of the project to create a gas hub in Turkey, as well as options for strengthening Russia's position in this project.

Key words: foreign policy relations, foreign trade, Russian-Turkish energy cooperation, Turkish gas hub.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.033

R.A. ZHADAN Master The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia

А.V. NEROVNYJ Senior lecturer, department of history and regional studies, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia

D.A. PATRUSHEVA Senior lecturer, department of history and regional studies, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia

A.U. TSYGONYAEVA PHD, Associate professor/docent, the Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and regional studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia

PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN POLITICS AND PUBLIC ADMINASTRATION IN MODERN TURKEY

Throughout the history of Turkey women have faced significant restrictions on their participation in public and political activities. In the 20th century, under the influence of the reforms of M.K. Ataturk, women began to participate in the political sphere and occupy important positions in the government, parliament and other key authorities. Nowadays Turkey is demonstrating significant development in various fields and continues its path towards westernization. This article is devoted to a brief analysis of the modern involvement of women in politics and public administration in Turkey, as well as state policy aimed at the development of gender equality in this country.

Key words: politics, women’s organizations, Türkiye, feminism, women’s political rights, M.K. Atatürk, R.T. Erdogan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.034

K.S. LEONOVA PhD in Political Sciences, Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Global Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN AND CHINESE ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The implementation of a new global development model aimed at overcoming both social and socio-natural contradictions is becoming increasingly relevant in the 21st century. The Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China are one of the centers of influence in the modern world. In this regard the policies pursued by these states in the field of global development are of particular interest.

The article analyzes the process of Russian and Chinese transition to sustainable development as the most effective type of global development, identifies the obstacles and achievements of states in this area, determines key mechanisms for implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and examines mutual cooperation between Russia and China on global development issues.

Key words: Russia, China, global development, global challenges, sustainable development, development goals.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.035

V.I. ANNENKOV Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor, Senior Researcher at the Research Center of the Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Balashikha, Russia

A.V. MOISEEV Candidate of Military Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

LONG-RANGE UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLESIN THE UKRAINE-RUSSIA ARMED CONFLICT

The article considers that in 2024, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, according to the materials of the German newspaper Bild, will be able to strike Russian targets in the Urals and even in the Arctic using long-range unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Moreover, these UAVs and components for their assembly in Ukraine will be supplied by 10 Western companies. It has been established that by supplying UAVs, the collective West is trying to avoid the emergence of a regional war with the direct participation of NATO countries and continue the Ukraine-Russia war to ensure the depletion of Russia's resources necessary to achieve the goals of a special military operation. It is noted that for Ukraine, UAVs are weapons for committing terrorist acts on the territory of Russia. The United States and NATO countries are direct sponsors and technical accomplices of terrorist acts through the supply of UAVs. It is shown that at present there is a threat of nuclear terrorism from Ukraine in relation to Russia, and the level of this threat is quite high. It has been established that the United States, forming information support for Ukrainian UAVs, participates in terrorist acts on the territory of Russia. It is emphasized that the conclusion of some Western experts that missiles are the past, the future of UAVs is very controversial. It was noted that the armed conflict in Ukraine for NATO countries is a testing ground for new weapons of destruction, information and control systems, communication systems and target designations. It has been established that by striking deep into Russia with the help of UAVs, Ukraine wants to destabilize the internal situation in the country, cause dissatisfaction with the state authorities, undermine the economy of the state, and influence the moral and psychological climate in the country. Such strikes, according to US experts, can be a catalyst for the "color revolution" in Russia. In conclusion, it was noted that Russia needs a new air defense structure and the supply of new means of hitting air targets in the necessary quantities.'

Key words: long-range unmanned aerial vehicles, regional war, hybrid war, international terrorism, nuclear terrorism, special military operation, "color revolution", information support.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.036

AL-YAFAI ALI SALIH Postgraduate student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA'S RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AND KUWAIT IN THE TRADE AND ECONOMIC SPHERE

The article examines the features of bilateral relations between Russia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Kuwait in the trade and economic sphere. The current economic development of the UAE and Kuwait, as well as the features of their cooperation with Russia, are analyzed. The main emphasis is placed on the positive dynamics and potential for growth and expansion of these relations, especially in the context of global economic instability. Recognition of the existing difficulties in the development of bilateral relations and the proposed directions for further development demonstrate a deep and comprehensive analysis of the situation.

Key words: Russia, UAE, Kuwait, bilateral relations, cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.037

A.V. NEFEDOV Ph.D. student, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA'S RELATIONS WITH AFRICAN COUNTRIES: HISTORY AND CURRENT STATE

The article examines the main stages in the development of Russia's relations with African countries. The Soviet period laid the foundation for Russian-African cooperation, but the difficulties of the 1990s led to a sharp reduction in contacts. The initiatives of the early 2000s were scattered, and the priority of Africa did not change in Russia's foreign policy concepts during a long period. The turning point can be considered the period of the late 2000s - early 2010s, when Russia again began to pursue an active foreign policy course in the African direction. The Russia-Africa Forums held in 2019 and 2023 were a significant success of Russian diplomacy. The interest of political, scientific and business circles in the African continent has noticeably increased. The author concludes that, although there are some difficulties in cooperation with Africa (lack of funding, freezing of some projects), this direction of Russia's foreign policy continues its dynamic development.

Key words: Russia, Africa, military cooperation, concept of foreign policy.

REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.7.038

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL ELITES: ON THE VECTOR OF DIRECTION OF RUSSIAN RESEARCH

The article attempts to provide a scientific review of publications by Russian researchers in recent years on the problems of modern Russian elites. It provides a description of modern models for studying Russian leadership and the political elite. The importance of female leadership is examined separately. The importance of traditional Russian values in the education of modern political leaders is emphasized.

Key words: political elite, research focus, scientific publications, charismatic leader, civilizational format, patriotic discourse, traditional Russian values.