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OUR AUTHORS

ALIKBEROV E.Sh. – Assistant Professor, Department of Altaic Studies and Chinese Studies, Institute of International Relations, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.

ALIKBEROVA A.R. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Altaistics and Chinese Studies, Institute of International Relations, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.

ARTAMONOVA Ya.S. – PhD (Political science), assistant professor, The Department of Social Relations, Advertising and Public Relations, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Moscow, Russia.

BARANOVA N.S. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Master of Jurisprudence Associate Professor of International Law of the Buryat State University named after Dorzhi Banzarov, Ulan-Ude, Russia.

BASOV O.N. – Postgraduate student of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

BERKUTOV A.S. – Candidate of Sciences (history), Colonel, Head of Department-Deputy Head of the 4th Scientific Department (Military-Historical) of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific Center for Strategic Studies of the Federal Service of the National Guard of the Russian Federation,” Moscow, Russia.

BLINOV V.V. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science, the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

BOLTENKOVA L.F. – Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia.

BREDIKHIN A.V. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Editor-in-chief of the Scientific Journal "Arkhont", Head of the First Children's Cossack Library № 128 – M.A. Sholokhov Cultural Center of the Central Library of the South-Eastern Administrative District, Moscow, Russia.

BURDULI V.E. – Department of Political Science and Mass Communications of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

DEMINA D.V. – Master, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.

DMITRIEVA V.D. – Master of International Relations Senior Lecturer of International Law of the Buryat State University named after Dorzhi Banzarov, Ulan-Ude, Russia.

FILIMONOV D.A. – Candidate of Sciences (sociology), Associate Professor at the Chair of public administration and political technologies, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia.

FRIDMAN M.F. – Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, The Department of Humanities, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

GAGANOVA E.V. – Candidate of Sciences (pedagogy), Associate Professor at the Chair of public administration and political technologies, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia.

GEKHT A.B. – PHD, Associate professor/docent, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the Head of the department of history and region studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

GONCHAROV A.S. – Bachelor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia.

ILIASOV L.M. – Candidate of Philology, Applicant for the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.

IVANOVA A.M. – Student, Faculty of Humanities, The Bonch-Bruevich, St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications the department of history and region studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

KABYTKINA I.B. – Associate Professor, Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of General Education Disciplines, Russian state university of justice, Moscow, Russia.

KIRKA A.V. – Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Senior Lecturer at the Chair of public administration and political technologies, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia.

KOMISSAROVA T.S. – PhD, Associate professor/docent, the Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and region studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

KOVAL K.S. – Postgraduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

KUDASHEV R.Sh. – Post-graduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

LI ZHONGBAO – Postgraduate student of the Institute of Foreign Languages of Lanzhou University, China.

LETYAEV V.A. – Doctor of Law. Professor, Department of International Relations, World Politics and Diplomacy, Institute of International Relations, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.

MANOVITSKAYA V.A. – Student, Member of the Young Scientists Council, Diplomatic Academy of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

MARTYNENKO S.E. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Peoples ' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

MEDVEDEV N.P. – Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Russia, Moscow.

MENSHIKOVA E.O. – Postgraduate at the Department of Philosophy of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

NADTOKA R.V. – PhD student, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, deputy head of the Digital Development Department, Center for Information and Technical Support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

NASSASRA YOUSEF D.A. – Post-graduate student of the Department of General and Applied Political Science, Oryol State University Named After I.S. Turgenev, Oryol, Russia.

ОGORODNIKOVA O.A. – Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor of the all University Department of General and Russian History of the Institute of Humanities, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia.

OVCHINNIKOVA E.G. – PhD, Associate professor/docent, the Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and region studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

POLETAEVA Yu.G. – Department of Philosophy and History Ural State Agrarian University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.

POPOV S.I. – Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.

PRIVALOV A.A. – Bachelor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia.

RYABOVA T.I. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Philosophy, History and Sociology, of the Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology, Bryansk, Russia.

ROGATKO S.A. – Candidate of Historical Sciences (PhD in History), Member of the Russian Committee on the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

ROZENBERG V.I. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Policy Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

SHALDUNOVA T.N. – Candidate of Sciences (history), Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University, Balashikha, Russia.

SHANGARAEV R.N. – Ph.D. of Economic Sciences Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

SHAVLAEVA T.M. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia.

SOMOV A.A. – Graduate student, Department of History of Socio-Political Doctrines, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

SOROKA A.Yu. – Master, Member of the Council of Young Scientists of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

SUKIASYAN A.A. – PhD (Economy), associate professor, Bashkir State University, Faculty of Economics, Ufa, Russia.

TCOI S.V. – Postgraduate student, Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan, Russia.

USHMAEVA K.A. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, professor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia.

VISHNYAKOVA I.A. – MA, Faculty of Asian and African Studies, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

YAN MINJIA – Post-graduate student at the Chair of Central Asia and the Caucasus, Institute of Asian and African Countries, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

YASHKOVA T.A. – Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Professor at the Department of Sociology and Philosophy Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 11. Issue 5 (74), 2021.

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Yashkova T.A., Kabytkina I.B. The Role of the Personality of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky on the Formation of Value Orientations of the Younger Generation
• Ryabova T.I. About the Tragic end of the Reign of Alexander II and New Horizons of Russia's Development (Based on the Diary of N.I. Pirogov)
• Shaldunova T.N. Stereotypes in History. Was Emperor Paul I a Romantic or a Pragmatist?
• Shavlaeva T.M. Self-Designation of Chechens in the Light of New Research (Based on Field Materials)
• Berkutov A.S. Ensuring Public Safety in the USSR in the Post-War Period (1945-1960 Years)
• Sukiasyan A.A. The USSR Investment Policy in the 1960s-1980s: Institutionalization, Ideology, Historical Experience
• Оgorodnikova O.A. “Oedipus Rex” by Max Reinhardt in Russia
• Ushmaeva K.A., Goncharov A.S., Privalov A.A. Stereotypes about Cossack Atamans and their Idealization in Soviet Films
• Bredikhin A.V. Frontier Factors of Identity Formation (on the Example of the Don Cossacks)
• Rogatko S.A. Moscow Food Market and City Food Processing in the Second Half of the 19th Century
• Blinov V.V. Soviet Governance Model as the Firm of Ideocracy in the XX Century
• Iliasov L.M. On the Problem of Analogies of Medieval Petroglyphs of Chechnya
• Poletaeva Yu.G. The Concept of Technology in the Substantialist Model of Historical Expediency
• Li Zhongbao. Researches about Sh.Sh. Walikhanov in China

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

• Boltenkova L.F. The Bible as a Source of Law (Part Eight)
• Somov A.A. The Idea of the "True Sovereign" in Russian Pre-Revolutionary Historiography
• Menshikova E.O. Modern Approaches to the Political Leadership Studies in the Russian Political Science

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Artamonova Ya.S., Fridman M.F. Educational Potential of Strategic Development of Personnel Support of the Sixth Technological Order
• Filimonov D.A., Gaganova E.V., Kirka A.V. Formation of the Russian National and State Identity in the Process of Implementing Youth Policy
• Nadtoka R.V. Development of an Open Multi-Factor Model for Scientific and Practical Estimation, Forecasting and Monitoring of Ethno-Political Tension
• Nassasra Yousef D.A. Relations of Palestine with Egypt in the Context of Political Transformations
• Basov O.N. Instruments of Elite Struggle for Political Power in the Modern United States
• Koval K.S. Women's Issue in Russia at a Boundary of the 19-20th Centuries: Social, Legal and Psychological Aspects

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

• Popov S.I., Demina D.V. Political Governance in the Context of the Transformation of Modern Society
• Burduli V.E. Irections for Improving Regional Social Policy (on the Example of the Smolensk Region)

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

• Alikberov E.Sh., Alikberova A.R., Letyaev V.A. The Geopolitical Balance of Power in the Indian Ocean in Historical Retrospect
• Gekht A.B., Komissarova T.S., Ovchinnikova E.G., Ivanova A.M. Background to the Formation of the European Space Agency (ESA) in the Late 1950s – Early 1970s
• Baranova N.S., Dmitrieva V.D. The History of the International Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime
• Martynenko S.E. The Ideology of Eurasianism in the Foreign Policy of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Countries: A Comparative Analysis
• Shangaraev R.N., Manovitskaya V.A. Arab Spring Phenomenon – 10 Years Later
• Rozenberg V.I. The Problems of the Effective use of United Nations Security Council in the Settlement of the Syrian Politico-Military Conflict
• Kudashev R.Sh. Institutional Structure of the Eurasian Economic Union
• Tcoi S.V. Prospects for the Unification of the North Korea and Republic of Korea in the Context of Modern Globalization Processes
• Yan Minjia. Russian Translations of Persian Historical Writings in Post-WWII USSR (the Cases of Siyasat-Nama, Qabus-Nama and Tarikh-I Mas‘Udi)

STUDENT SCIENCE

• Soroka A.Yu. Evolution of Modern Migration Policy in Italy
• Vishnyakova I.A. Everyday Life of Iranian Islamic Opposition Acting in Syria and Lebanon in the 1970s. (Lifestyle and Emotional Aspects)

REFLECTIONS ON THE READ

Medvedev N.P. To the Question about Lobbying Activities

Our authors № 5-2021

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.001

T.A. YASHKOVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Professor at the Department of Sociology and Philosophy Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

I.B. KABYTKINA Associate Professor, Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of General Education Disciplines, Russian state university of justice, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE PERSONALITY OF THE HOLY PRINCE ALEXANDER NEVSKY ON THE FORMATION OF VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF THE YOUNGER GENERATION

This article is dedicated to the role and activities of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky. The authors study the problem of the historical heritage of the memory of the prince in the retrospect of the Russian nationhood. The article actualizes the role of the personality of Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky in the formation of value orientations for modern young people. The authors suggest possible solutions in the upbringing of the younger generation, referring to the image of the Grand Duke.

Key words: Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky, orthodoxy, nationhood, national identity, patriotism, upbringing.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.002

T.I. RYABOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Philosophy, History and Sociology, of the Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology, Bryansk, Russia

ABOUT THE TRAGIC END OF THE REIGN OF ALEXANDER II AND NEW HORIZONS OF RUSSIA'S DEVELOPMENT (BASED ON THE DIARY OF N.I. PIROGOV)

The article analyzes the diary of the great scientist as a historical source. It allows us to reconstruct the era of the great reforms of the XIX century through the author's perception, to understand the inner meaning of the death of the monarch, the logic of the behavior of the authorities, the character of the consciousness of Russian society and the sources of destructive ideas of violence and terror. The author draws a conclusion about the cognitive value of the diary of N.I. Pirogov in understanding the historical way of Russia and the danger of confrontation between society and power.

Key words: worldview, young generation, socialist doctrine, destructive tendencies, national consciousness, peasantry, national consciousness, autocracy, public representation, antagonism of society and power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.003

Т.N. SHALDUNOVA Candidate of Sciences (history), Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University, Balashikha, Russia

STEREOTYPES IN HISTORY. WAS EMPEROR PAUL I A ROMANTIC OR A PRAGMATIST?

The paper attempts to analyze the stereotypical perception of the Russian Emperor Paul I, for whom the characteristic of an unbalanced, eccentric person is firmly fixed in historiography. The author seeks to show that all the actions of the emperor were dictated by absolutely sober calculation and expressed primarily the interests of strengthening the position of the Russian Empire.

Key words: Stereotypes in history, Paul I, Napoleon Bonaparte, anti-French coalition, anti-French coalition.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.004

T.M. SHAVLAEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia

SELF-DESIGNATION OF CHECHENS IN THE LIGHT OF NEW RESEARCH (BASED ON FIELD MATERIALS)

The article deals with the lexemes nakh, nakhcha, as well as the suffix-ch, which are directly related to the self-designation of the Chechen people nakhchiy/nokhchiy. It is shown that in the light of new field data, the semantic field of lexical units and the details of these units is significantly expanded, since they are related not only to the social life and activities of the people, but also directly related to the natural and economic spheres. The connection with these spheres dramatically deepens our understanding of the lexeme nah, which makes an important addition to the etymology of the word. It is emphasized that the suffix-ch, which is involved in the formation of the ethnonym nakhchiy/nokhchiy, is not a suffix of a person. It indicates the process by which a new quality is generated from the underlying resource. The processes of formation of new qualities can occur without human participation. For the formation of the Nakhchiy/Nokhchiy people, there was a powerful basic resource from the Nakh tribes.

Key words: nah, nakhcha, suffix-ch, resource, nakhchiy/nokhchiy, falsification of history.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.005

А.S. BERKUTOV Candidate of Sciences (history), Colonel, Head of Department-Deputy Head of the 4th Scientific Department (Military-Historical) of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific Center for Strategic Studies of the Federal Service of the National Guard of the Russian Federation,” Moscow, Russia

ENSURING PUBLIC SAFETY IN THE USSR IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD (1945-1960 YEARS)

The article considers the main elements of the system of ensuring public security in the USSR in the post-war years.

Key words: public security, protection of public order, law enforcement agencies, Ministry of Internal Affairs, police.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.006

A.A. SUKIASYAN PhD (Economy), associate professor, Bashkir State University, Faculty of Economics, Ufa, Russia

THE USSR INVESTMENT POLICY IN THE 1960S-1980S: INSTITUTIONALIZATION, IDEOLOGY, HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE

The paper examines the genesis of the investment policy of the USSR in the 1960-1980s, the institutionalization of financial and economic cooperation with the countries of the socialist camp (CMEA) and capitalist states (USA, Canada, Japan, European countries). The author shows the specifics of the Soviet investment policy, its ideological content, economic goals and directions, analyzes the historical experience of implementation. The process of establishing business relations with Western international banks, the opening of their first representative offices in the USSR is investigated. The article analyzes the impact of investment cooperation with Western countries as a factor in obtaining additional financial resources for the development of the Soviet economy in the 1960s-1980s. The author concludes that the cooperation of the Soviet financial institutions with Western banks and corporations has become one of the significant factors in the approval of the ideas of economic liberalism in society and party-economic circles and understanding of the need for radical economic reforms with the task of integrating the USSR/Russia into the global world economic space.

Key words: investment policy of the USSR in the 1960s-1980s, socialist countries, CMEA, developing countries, Vneshtorgbank, Chose Manhattan Bank, liberal economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.007

О.А. ОGORODNIKOVA Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor of the all University Department of General and Russian History of the Institute of Humanities, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

“OEDIPUS REX” BY MAX REINHARDT IN RUSSIA

The article is devoted to one of the most important events in the history of Russian-German cultural relations at the beginning of the XX century – the tour of the Berlin German Theater under the direction of M. Reinhardt in Russia, which took place in 1911 and 1912.

The authors analyze the perception of “Oedipus Rex,” a tragedy by Sophocles, an ancient classic in the director’s interpretation, by Russian public, the theater community and critics. They reveal the significance of the innovative production and the influence of Reinhardt's “creative method” on the artistic improvement of the Russian stage art.

The authors present professional and friendly contacts of the director with the prominent figures of Russian culture as convincing examples of international interaction and cooperation.

In the final conclusions of the article, the importance of the German artist's touring activities and his contribution to the development of the dialogue between the cultures of Russia and Germany at the beginning of the XX century is emphasized.

Key words: dialogue of cultures, German drama theater, tour, Max Reinhardt, tragedy “Oedipus Rex” by Sophocles, theatrical production.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.008

K.A. USHMAEVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, professor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

A.S. GONCHAROV Bachelor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

A.A. PRIVALOV Bachelor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

STEREOTYPES ABOUT COSSACK ATAMANS AND THEIR IDEALIZATION IN SOVIET FILMS

This article is devoted to the study of socio-historical stereotypes about famous Cossack chieftains. Taking Soviet cinematography as a basis, we strive to show stereotypes about Cossack chieftains, created with the help of vivid images necessary for a visual representation of the Cossack in the historical and sociological sense. The first wave of films on the Cossack theme, released in the middle of the 20th century, met with misunderstanding. The image of the Cossack in the films presented was conveyed in its natural form. A lot of contradictions did not allow transferring the inherent image to a wide segment of the population. We see that already the second wave of films of the 1970-1980s. aroused the interest of the Soviet audience. Each film contained many social stereotypes about Cossack history and culture. Nevertheless, the Communist Party, journalists and writers from among the party, positively assessed all films on the Cossack theme during this period. There were no art critics who could find flaws in these films. The main question is how exactly socio-historical stereotypes contributed to the growth of interest in the Cossacks and Cossack culture?

Key words: historical stereotype, motive, idealization, social action, actor, documentary film, mass media.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.009

A.V. BREDIKHIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Editor-in-chief of the Scientific Journal "Arkhont", Head of the First Children's Cossack Library № 128 – M.A. Sholokhov Cultural Center of the Central Library of the South-Eastern Administrative District, Moscow, Russia

FRONTIER FACTORS OF IDENTITY FORMATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DON COSSACKS)

The formation of identities is a dynamic process that is still taking place today. This problem becomes especially relevant for the countries of the post-Soviet space, whose nation-building process is not completed, there are no national identities, and local communities are developing. For the frontier environment, considered by us on the example of the Don Cossacks, ethno-cultural identification can have common properties, the identity of "border guards", including having geographical differences, acquires common features. Using the method of comparative analysis, we consider the factors of the formation of the identity of the Don Cossacks by identifying common features with the Rusyns, Pridnestrovians, Chechens and Ukrainians. In the results of the research, the author comes to the conclusions about the need for a more in-depth analysis of the frontier theory in order to determine the modern paradigms of the ethno-cultural identity of the Don Cossacks.

Key words: Don Cossacks, identity, Pridnestrovians, Rusyns, Ukrainians, Frontiersmen, Chechens.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.010

S.A. ROGATKO Candidate of Historical Sciences (PhD in History), Member of the Russian Committee on the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

MOSCOW FOOD MARKET AND CITY FOOD PROCESSING IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY

This article is dedicated to the food market which was largest in Russia in the second half of the 19th century and food processing in Moscow. The article describes changes in Moscow trade and industrial infrastructure in the field of foodstuffs and food processing in the 70-90s, analyzes the main urban markets for catering and trade in edible goods, merchant and entrepreneurial activities, activity of the Moscow General City Duma in maintaining trade fiscal standards, internal rules and sanitary provision, analyzes statistics of trade development, industrial and craft establishments.

Key words: moscow food market, food processing, commercial and industrial urban infrastructure, commercial establishments, City Council, Moscow merchants and entrepreneurship, food markets.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.011

V.V. BLINOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science, the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

SOVIET GOVERNANCE MODEL AS THE FIRM OF IDEOCRACY IN THE XX CENTURY

The article examines the governance model permeated by the ruling party at various levels of government. On the example of the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China and the Islamic Republic of Iran, common and different paths in the evolution of these political regimes throughout the 20th century and in the present are being analyzed. The model of the revolutionary Bolshevik party, initially formed during the discussion within the Russian social democracy, becomes the prototype for political regimes that permeate the model of managing a group of like-minded people.

Key words: ideocracy, authoritarianism, bureaucracy, state model, Soviet Union.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.012

L.M. ILIASOV Candidate of Philology, Applicant for the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Science Moscow, Russia

ON THE PROBLEM OF ANALOGIES OF MEDIEVAL PETROGLYPHS OF CHECHNYA

The article is devoted to the problems of analogy of medieval petroglyphs of mountainous Chechnya in the ancient archaeological cultures of the Caucasus, as well as in the medieval material culture. Analogies of medieval symbolism are found on ceramics and metal products of antiquity, starting with the Early Bronze Age. These are equal-pointed crosses, swastikas, double spirals, various geometric shapes. The ornament on ancient ceramics and metal products performed not only decorative functions, but also played a cult, magical role. At the same time, the analogies of the Chechen petroglyphs in the symbolism of metal products of the Bronze Age do not mean the simultaneity of their creation, as one might expect. Often these symbols are separated by millennia, but this did not almost affect the style of their depiction. Such stability of spiritual and material traditions can be associated with the genetic continuity of the population of the region, and not only the inheritance of religious ideas and artistic style. Thus, the Chechen petroglyphs on medieval architectural structures are material evidence of the ancient history of the Nakh peoples, thanks to which their connection with the most ancient civilizations of Asia Minor and Asia Minor, Europe and the Mediterranean becomes obvious.

Key words: petroglyphs, religious symbols, medieval architectural monuments of Chechnya, Kuro-Araks archaeological culture, Maikop archaeological culture, North Caucasian archaeological culture, Koban archaeological culture, Alanian archaeological culture, amulets.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.013

YU.G. POLETAEVA Department of Philosophy and History Ural State Agrarian University, Yekaterinburg, Russia

THE CONCEPT OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE SUBSTANTIALIST MODEL OF HISTORICAL EXPEDIENCY

The study covers the content of the substantialist concept of expediency, from the standpoint of the leading role of the concept of technology. Goal-setting is a qualitatively necessary element of a particular system. Goal-setting is considered as an attribute of the social system of activity. In the substantialist model of history, the foundations of which were developed by Hegel. In the historical process, the purposefulness achieves universality due to the means as an intermediate link between the goal and the object. Technology plays the role of a means in the historical activity of people. Receiving a teleological function in history, technology becomes its anthropological factor. Human as the initial and semantic basis for the reconstruction of society receives functional being, dissolving in practical activity. The uncompromising acuteness that the question of the essence ("truth") of history acquired, the intensity of worldview, philosophical and theoretical-methodological discussions, the echoes of which are still being heard, testify to the exhaustion of the model of history that has developed within the framework of civilisation under the influence of the ethical code.

Key words: philosophy, history, Marxism, technological development, human activity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.014

LI ZHONGBAO Postgraduate student of the Institute of Foreign Languages of Lanzhou University, China

RESEARCHES ABOUT SH.SH. WALIKHANOV IN CHINA

In 1958-1959 Sh.Sh. Walikhanov secretly made an expedition to Southern Xinjiang. The information he collected in Kashgaria provided a new opportunity for Russian Empire to understand this region, and he himself received a great honor for this from the tsarist government. Even for a long time after his death, he occupies a special place in the science of Russia and Kazakhstan. However, Sh.Sh. Walikhanov is hardly mentioned in Chinese historiography, and our scholars usually comment on him extremely negatively. Because of the need to re-understand this great scientist-traveler for Chinese scientists, this article analyzes in detail the state of research about Sh.Sh. Walikhanov in our country and attempts to find the reasons why Chinese scholars did not take him seriously. The purpose of this article is to make Chinese scholars pay more attention to the research in this area, giving them reference data on the research of Sh.Sh. Walikhanov.

Key words: Sh.Sh. Walikhanov, expediton, Russian Empire, Southern Xinjiang, Kashgaria, Chinese historiography, Xinjiang, Qing Empire.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.015

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia

THE BIBLE AS A SOURCE OF LAW (PART EIGHT)

Based on the second part of Article 67 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the author sets the task to show the convergence in the legal systems of the world divine and human principles, while keeping in mind that the beginning of a positive (human, artificial) rights was embedded in the theological stage of civilization. The implementation of this task requires an analysis of various legal concepts in their historical development; the content of the Bible in the context of the norms of human behavior, rules of life (commandments, parables of Jesus Christ, recommendations of the Holy Apostles); regulatory documents of various countries, including Russia, in their historical development.

The article is divided into several parts based on the volume of its content.

Key words: God, divine law, natural law, positive law, Bible, Commandments, philosophers, scientists, lawyers, normative documents, legal concepts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.016

А.А. SOMOV Graduate student, Department of History of Socio-Political Doctrines, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE IDEA OF THE "TRUE SOVEREIGN" IN RUSSIAN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY HISTORIOGRAPHY

The article examines a number of works by pre-revolutionary Russian historians that touch on the problems of tsarism and absolute monarchy in Russia in the XVI century. The author traces the main trends of pre-revolutionary historiography regarding the ideas of the ideal state system and the Russian ruler of that time. The article uses the principles of objectivity and historicism. The author comes to the conclusion that in their works, pre-revolutionary scientists were able to formulate the image of the ideal Russian monarch. Russian Russian historians justified the fundamental principles of the autocratic system, while at the same time allowing themselves to express different opinions about the activities of specific Russian rulers of the XVI century.

Key words: V.N. Tatishchev, N.M. Karamzin, N.I. Kostomarov, V.O. Klyuchevsky, V.E. Waldenberg, M.A. Dyakonov, sovereign, monarchy, autocracy, Orthodoxy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.017

E.O. MENSHIKOVA Postgraduate at the Department of Philosophy of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MODERN APPROACHES TO THE POLITICAL LEADERSHIP STUDIES IN THE RUSSIAN POLITICAL SCIENCE

Purpose: To reveal core modern Russian scientific research schools of political leadership.

Method: Based on the leading Russian political scientist researches in the sphere of political leadership. There is analysis of the methods of political leadership studies in these researches. The acquired information was systemized by the analytical groups’ method.

Outcomes: There were revealed two leading research methods of political leadership studies in the modern Russian political science.

Conclusion: This study revealed psychological and technocratic approaches to the political leadership studies, the chronological analysis of the attitudes arising and development was held, the relation between scientific schools and society political life changes was detected.

Key words: political leadership, psychological approach, technocratic approach, modern political science, Russian political science, political philosophy, leadership, politics.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.018

YA.S. ARTAMONOVA PhD (Political science), assistant professor, The Department of Social Relations, Advertising and Public Relations, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Moscow, Russia

M.F. FRIDMAN Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, The Department of Humanities, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONNEL SUPPORT OF THE SIXTH TECHNOLOGICAL ORDER

The article deals with one of the most urgent and important problems – the development of a theoretical and methodological basis for the strategic development of personnel support for an innovative breakthrough in the context of the deployment of the sixth technological order against the background of the greening of public and, in particular, economic relations. Taking into account the fact that at the present stage of the development of civilization, humanity has come to understand the limited resources of the planet, the world is faced with the inevitability of making strategic decisions related to long-term innovative advanced balanced socio-economic development and aimed at overcoming global problems that threaten the continued existence of man as a biological species. The intensive development of high-tech technologies in the conditions of entering the sixth technological order accelerates the reduction of the planet's life potential, so it is extremely important to make production as environmentally friendly and economical as possible, to reduce consumption and, consequently, the turnover of natural resources depletion. It is almost impossible to achieve this without the organization of a proper staffing system.

Key words: human resources, innovative breakthrough, sixth technological order, ecological and economic approach, educational potential, strategic development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.019

D.А. FILIMONOV Candidate of Sciences (sociology), Associate Professor at the Chair of public administration and political technologies, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

Е.V. GAGANOVA Candidate of Sciences (pedagogy), Associate Professor at the Chair of public administration and political technologies, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

А.V. KIRKA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Senior Lecturer at the Chair of public administration and political technologies, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

FORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN NATIONAL AND STATE IDENTITY IN THE PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTING YOUTH POLICY

The presented article deals with the current vision of national identity in Russia and the dynamics of its formation in the youth environment. The main directions of the state policy and its effectiveness in the formation of the national and state identity of young Russians are considered.

Key words: national and state identity, civil identity, state youth policy, civic consciousness.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.020

R.V. NADTOKA PhD student, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, deputy head of the Digital Development Department, Center for Information and Technical Support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPEN MULTI-FACTOR MODEL FOR SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ESTIMATION, FORECASTING AND MONITORING OF ETHNO-POLITICAL TENSION

The article examines the current situation in the field of ethnopolitics and interethnic relations in the Russian Federation. Based on the methods of content analysis of mass media, expert reports, and open data collection, mechanisms and approaches to early warning and monitoring systems for ethnic and interethnic conflicts have been identified. With the help of the conducted sociological and expert surveys, the main problems of the system of monitoring and early warning of interethnic conflicts, as well as the measures taken by the executive authorities in the field of maintaining interethnic peace and harmony, were identified. The solution of the identified problems will significantly increase the effectiveness of the state national policy and reduce the number of ethnopolitical risks.

Key words: interethnic conflict, ethno-political tension, monitoring system, open data, forecasting model, monitoring categories.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.021

NASSASRA YOUSEF D.A. Post-graduate student of the Department of General and Applied Political Science, Oryol State University Named After I.S. Turgenev, Oryol, Russia

RELATIONS OF PALESTINE WITH EGYPT IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

This article outlines the main factors that determine the content and nature of the interaction of Palestine and Egypt, are reviewed and evaluated its major trends emerging in the political developments of recent years in the middle East.

Key words: middle East, Egypt, Palestine, the League of Arab States, "Arab spring".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.022

О.N. BASOV Postgraduate student of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

INSTRUMENTS OF ELITE STRUGGLE FOR POLITICAL POWER IN THE MODERN UNITED STATES

Elite struggle has a decisive influence on political processes in society. In the case of a superstate, this influence extends far beyond the borders of the country and affects almost every region of the world. The United States is exactly the kind of that state. The competitive nature of domestic politics in this country, the high role of non-state actors, public opinion and civil society also lead to the fact that the intra-elite struggle here is especially sophisticated, and the tools for its conduct are constantly replaced by new ones and are subsequently actively adopted by the elites of other states. The purpose of the study is to identify the instruments of the elite struggle for political power that are widespread in the modern United States. The object of the study is the United States in the period from 2016 to 2021 with an emphasis on the election cycles of 2016 and 2020. The subject of the research is the instruments of the intra-elite struggle for political power used in the country. In the study, the author uses an instrumental approach. Using the example of the modern (after 2016) USA and especially the presidential campaigns of 2016 and 2020, the author identifies new instruments of the elite struggle for political power used in the country, such as: criticism of the opponent or his area of responsibility on socially significant issues on behalf of those implicitly related to the actor NGOs; instruments used during BLM protests and the capture of the Capitol; publication of unproven information discrediting the opponent; obstruction in the dissemination of information emanating from the opponent on the basis of its probable unreliability or social danger; a flashmob on social networks; using a force majeure situation as an excuse to promote a more profitable format of political activity; the formation of negative expectations around the future actions of the opponent; criticism of the opponent on behalf of opinion leaders representing the main groups of his electorate; expanding the right to vote to new categories of voters through granting citizenship or increasing the status of a territory.

Key words: theory of elites, intra-elite struggle, United States of America, instrumental approach.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.023

K.S. KOVAL Postgraduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

WOMEN'S ISSUE IN RUSSIA AT A BOUNDARY OF THE 19-20TH CENTURIES: SOCIAL, LEGAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS

The article is devoted to a problem of a women's issue in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. This period is characterized by the transformation of social and political thought and internal reforms. Changes have also affected perceptions of the role of women in society. In literature, especially Soviet period, the opinion on extremely belittled position of the Russian woman, on restriction of her rights in social, legal and psychological aspects was very popular. However a number of historical sources testifies to the return: about high degree of protection and respect for the Russian woman. The purpose of this research is to consider the problem of women's issues in three aspects: social, legal and psychological from the point of view of a conservative approach. In article the course of evolution and development of a women's issue in Russia at the turn of the century is consistently analyzed. The author comes to the conclusion that The Russian revolution introduced and promoted the ideas of left feminism at the state level, leaving no chance to maintain, and especially the development of the ideas of conservative feminism.

Key words: women's issue, women's movement, feminism, Russian woman, women's education, women's rights, patriarchal family.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.024

S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

D.V. DEMINA Master, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL GOVERNANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN SOCIETY

The article examines the processes of transformation of the system of political governance as an integral part of public life. The author defines the prerequisites for changing the traditional systems of political governance, which at the beginning of the current century are conditioned by the general globalization, the economic component in the political life of individual countries and regions in order to find a way to achieve political stability in modern society. At the same time, the problems of digitalization of society in relation to technological world progress as a whole are addressed.

Key words: political governance, political stability, digitalization of society, globalization, political competition, national interest, state regulation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.025

V.E. BURDULI Department of Political Science and Mass Communications of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING REGIONAL SOCIAL POLICY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SMOLENSK REGION)

The subject of this research is regional social policy. The purpose of this article is to study the features and directions of improving regional social policy in modern conditions (on the example of the Smolensk region). Methodology. In the process of research, the author used such methods and approaches as historical comparative analysis and synthesis, classification and generalization, discourse analysis of documents. Results. The author investigated the features of the implementation of social policy at the regional level, highlighted the main directions and programs, considered measures of social protection of the population, and also presented the possibilities of interaction between the state and business in the context of the implementation of regional social policy. Application. The results obtained can be used for further development of directions for improving regional social policy using the resources of business structures through the organization of mutually beneficial cooperation between government and business.

Key words: social policy, regional social policy, social protection of the population, programs of support of the population, corporate social responsibility.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.026

E.SH. ALIKBEROV Assistant Professor, Department of Altaic Studies and Chinese Studies, Institute of International Relations, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

A.R. ALIKBEROVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Altaistics and Chinese Studies, Institute of International Relations, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

V.A. LETYAEV Doctor of Law. Professor, Department of International Relations, World Politics and Diplomacy, Institute of International Relations, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

THE GEOPOLITICAL BALANCE OF POWER IN THE INDIAN OCEAN IN HISTORICAL RETROSPECT

This paper is devoted to the historical analysis of the changing dynamics of the balance of power and the search for the origin of the geopolitical equation in the Indian Ocean. The global geo-economic shift towards Asia and the associated growth in trade and investment off the Indian Ocean are increasing the strategic importance of the Indo-Pacific region for many countries. In addition, the rapid development of the economic and military capabilities of China and India is a source of rivalry and tension. The purpose of this study is to study the factors and causes of the build-up of forces in the Indian Ocean, as well as to preserve the political and economic balance. Trade relations, military alliances, complex political processes indicate the emergence of dominant states and strategic alliances with the subsequent solution of the balance of power equation. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is a comparative and comparative historical method, the method of analysis allowed us to identify the main factors and reasons for the emergence of strategic alliances and their role in the Indo-Pacific region. This study may be useful for scientists involved in international processes in the Asia-Pacific region.

Key words: Indian Ocean, India, China, balance of power, rivalry, trade routes, geopolitics, strategic alliances, naval forces.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.027

A.B. GEKHT PHD, Associate professor/docent The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the Head of the department of history and region studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia

T.S. KOMISSAROVA PHD, Associate professor/docent The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and region studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia

E.G. OVCHINNIKOVA PHD, Associate professor/ docent The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and region studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia

A.M. IVANOVA Student, Faculty of Humanities, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications the department of history and region studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia

BACKGROUND TO THE FORMATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (ESA) IN THE LATE 1950S – EARLY 1970S

The present article considers the preconditions for the establishment of the European Space Agency (ESA) during the «space race» between the USA and the USSR in 1960-1970. Which took place also during the Cold War - the confrontation between capitalism and socialism. The activities of ESRO and ELDO organizations as ESA predecessors were considered. It is known that ESRO was an organization whose main activity was the exploration of outer space, while the priorities of ELDO were aimed at launching launch vehicles with various missions. An important reason for the development of ESA is the desire for an independent European space programme that can compete with the existing major space agencies. The main challenges to the development of a unified space programme in Europe and the first attempts to work together between Europe and the United States on projects were also highlighted.

Key words: European Space Agency, “space race”, international organizations, space explorations, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.028

N.S. BARANOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Master of Jurisprudence Associate Professor of International Law of the Buryat State University named after Dorzhi Banzarov, Ulan-Ude, Russia

V.D. DMITRIEVA Master of International Relations Senior Lecturer of International Law of the Buryat State University named after Dorzhi Banzarov, Ulan-Ude, Russia

THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION REGIME

The article is devoted to the issues of the formation of an international regime for the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. It highlights the main stages of international nuclear safety, the activities of international organizations in this area.

Key words: international security, nuclear weapons, nuclear terrorism, international control, nuclear non-proliferation regime, international organization, IAEA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.029

S.E. MARTYNENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Peoples ' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE IDEOLOGY OF EURASIANISM IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION COUNTRIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the term "Eurasia "began to be used not only in the countries of the former USSR, but also in the West, in addition to its traditional meaning of the name of the continent, also for the name of the post-Soviet space"without connotations of the Soviet heritage". In relation to the post-Soviet space (with the exception of Georgia and the Baltic States), the name "Little Eurasia"is sometimes used. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the newly formed states (except for the Baltic States) established "patronage" groups in power, forming the corresponding hierarchical structures. It is characteristic that these state entities have acquired the characteristics of democratic regimes. In some post-Soviet countries, especially in Central Asia, such regimes with their hierarchical pyramids have proved to be quite stable and even show a tendency to self-reproduction.

Key words: Eurasia, the Shanghai Organization, cooperation, foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.030

R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D. of Economic Sciences Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

V.A. MANOVITSKAYA Student, Member of the Young Scientists Council, Diplomatic Academy of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ARAB SPRING PHENOMENON – 10 YEARS LATER

Within the framework of the countries under consideration (Egypt, Tunisia, Syria, Libya), the “Arab Spring” turned into different developments. Earlier, we conditionally divided its results into "three different scenarios. The article attempts to assess the causes and consequences of that events, as well as to analyze the technologies used for dismantling political regimes.

Key words: Egypt, Tunisia, Syria, Libya, "Arab Spring", social networks, non-governmental organizations, revolution.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.031

V.I. ROZENBERG Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Policy Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEMS OF THE EFFECTIVE USE OF UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL IN THE SETTLEMENT OF THE SYRIAN POLITICO-MILITARY CONFLICT

The Syrian military-political conflict due to its specifics has become a central event in the modern history of its region. The number of foreign states and non-state actors involved was unprecedented. One of the most important and ambiguous issues in this crisis was the role of the United Nations. The basic principles of the UN enshrined in its Charter are sovereignty and independence of states, renunciation of the use of force in international relations, and non-interference in internal affairs. However, it is the interaction of the UN with the states on the Syrian crisis that showed all the shortcomings of the outdated algorithms and signs of multipolarity of the modern world. The principles of which the organization is the guarantor have proven to be unworkable in the Syrian conflict.

Thus, the purpose of this article is to identify the real role of the UN in the Syrian politico-military conflict. As research tasks: to analyze the UN attempts to resolve the Syrian crisis, to identify the problems of the UN use of technology to resolve the conflict. The subject of the research is the settlement of the military-political conflict in Syria.

As part of this research article, the author identified the peculiarities of the current UN policy in the settlement of regional conflicts in the countries of the region.

Key words: political conflictology, United Nations, political-military conflict, conflict resolution, Syrian Arab Republic, syrian conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.032

R.SH. KUDASHEV Post-graduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION

Currently, the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is the main result of the ongoing integration processes in the post-Soviet space. By its essence, the EAEU belongs to the same type of regional integration communities as the European Union (EU). The EAEU has absorbed many organizational parameters of the EU. However, there are significant differences between their institutional and legal systems. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the structuring of the EAEU governance system. The author identifies the specifics of the formation of institutions and considers the risks and limitations of their functioning.

Key words: institutional system, EEU, member states, Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC, Commission), Supreme Council, Court of the EEU.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.033

S.V. TCOI Postgraduate student, Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR THE UNIFICATION OF THE NORTH KOREA AND REPUBLIC OF KOREA IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES

The article defines the prospects for the unification of the states of the Korean Peninsula. Their basis is determined not only by the internal processes of the DPRK and ROK, but also by the globalization processes of the modern world. The two main spheres of globalization today are the economy and socio-cultural interaction. They can become the basis for the implementation of inter-Korean dialogue projects.

Key words: North Korea, Republic of Korea, Korean Peninsula, globalization, unification.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.034

YAN MINJIA Post-graduate student at the Chair of Central Asia and the Caucasus, Institute of Asian and African Countries, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS OF PERSIAN HISTORICAL WRITINGS IN POST-WWII USSR (THE CASES OF SIYASAT-NAMA, QABUS-NAMA AND TARIKH-I MAS‘UDI)

Urged by theoretical and practical necessities, Soviet Orientalists endeavored to translate Oriental historical writings after WWII; relevant examples of such academic translations of classical Persian prose being Siyasat-nama (B.N. Zakhoder, 1949), Qabus-nama (Y.E. Bertels, 1953) and Tarikh-i Mas‘udi (A.K. Arends, 1962). Their main common advantage lies in the translators’ scrutinizing major issues regarding the texts themselves, which contributed to pertinent conclusions and facilitated selection of appropriate variants from the discrepant segments of the manuscripts. Next, the translators’ precise interpretation of lexical characteristics, precise transliterations and their attention to the authors’ style led to the accuracy of general contents and adequate choice of phraseology. Finally, the translations were enriched with parallel sources due to the scholars’ conscious efforts to broaden the range of historical sources considered. The weak points of this interpretative effort consisted in occasional distortions of the authors’ motivation, caused by the imposition of a rigid ideological orientation, unavoidable in the USSR, a lack of consideration of historical context and the incidental carelessness which could result from inadequate coordination in the work of translation boards. Summarizing, these translations laid a solid foundation for subsequent studies in political & cultural history; textual commentary & philological annotations, in particular, both preserve their value and deserve revision at the present level of Iranian studies.

Key words: Siyasat-nama, Qabus-nama, Tarikh-i Mas‘udi, historiography.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.035

A.YU. SOROKA Master, Member of the Council of Young Scientists of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

EVOLUTION OF MODERN MIGRATION POLICY IN ITALY

Military conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa provoked a large-scale migration crisis on the territory of the EU countries, in particular, this problem had a great impact on the migration situation in the Republic of Italy, which in turn brought its consequences to many aspects of the life of the republic and its further political vector. development.

Key words: Italy, European Union, migration policy, cultural and social integration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.036

I.A. VISHNYAKOVA MA, Faculty of Asian and African Studies, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

EVERYDAY LIFE OF IRANIAN ISLAMIC OPPOSITION ACTING IN SYRIA AND LEBANON IN THE 1970S. (LIFESTYLE AND EMOTIONAL ASPECTS)

This article is devoted to the description of the everyday life of Iranian Islamists acting in Syria and Lebanon in the years preceding the Islamic revolution of 1978-1979. Reconstruction of the everyday life of Iranian revolutionaries was carried out using traditional methods of historical research (specific-problematic, systemic, descriptive, historical-comparative) adapted for use within the microhistorical approach to the study of historical phenomena and processes. Throughout analysis of the memories of members of the Islamic movement, the main characteristics of the revolutionaries’ everyday life and its emotional side were identified and their influence on the relationship inside the revolutionary community was traced.

Key words: Iran, Islamic Revolution, Modern History, History of Everyday Life, Middle East.

REFLECTIONS ON THE READ

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.74.5.037

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Moscow, Russia

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT LOBBYING ACTIVITIES

The peer-reviewed article provides an overview of scientific research by Russian and foreign authors, the results of which have recently been published in Russian journals on various aspects of lobbying and the eradication of corruption.

Key words: lobbying activity, eradication of corruption, Russian government, regional lobbyism, sectoral lobbyism, political lobbyism.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 11. Issue 4 (73), 2021

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Gasanov M.M. The Dichtomy of Social and Land Relations in Dagestan in the Second Half of the Population of the 19th Century: Dependent Categories and the Peasantry
• Guseinova A.A. Khazar Khaganate and the Peoples of the North Caucasus
• Ptashko T.G., Perebeynos A.E., Tsilitsky V.S., Stolbova E.A. Organization of Mass Pastime of the Ural Population in the Summer (Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries)
• Rogatko S.A. Development of Domestic and Foreign Flour Trade in Russia in the Second Half of the XIX Beginning of the XX Centuries
• Iliasov L.M. Religious Traditions of Chechen People in Antiquity and the Middle Ages
• Gabbasova K.R. Theater Institutions of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945): Theater Personnel and Personnel Policy of the State
• Titerina V.K. The Crimean Question in the Context of the Greek Project
• Morgunov K.G. The Work of the Zemstvo Self-Government Bodies on the Development of Public Education in the Tauride Province in the First Decade of Zemstvo Activity (1866-1875)
• Мaslennikova V.A. “It's Easy to Kill, But What About the Soul?”: Women-Murderers of the Mid-XIX-Early XX Centuries. (On the Example of the Tauride Province)
• Skripnikov P.N. Research Work at Western Siberia Medical Universities in the Late 1950s – Early 1990s
• Zainitdinov A.F. Socio-Economic Development of the North-Eastern Part of the Orenburg Province in the First Half of the XIX Century

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

• Boltenkova L.F. The Bible as a Source of Law (Part Seven)
• Blinov V.V. Enlightened Traditionalism: Rational Arguments in Favor of the Spiritual and Philosophical Current of Thought
• Tsvizhba Abzagu. Mysticism and Ethnocultural Traditions

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Konchugov A.V. Theoretical Aspects of the Modern Model of Russian Military Security
• Мagadiev M.F. Cryptographic Protection of Information in the E-Government System: Modern Russian and International Practices
• Kryukova E.V. Political Journalism as a Factor in the Formation of Public Opinion
• Do Thanh Tu. Features of Civil and Political Practices of Vietnam users on the Internet Space: Mass Poll Analysis Results (2020)
• Ushakov I.N. Political Innovations in the Activities of State Authorities Based on Internet Communications
• Neshkov S.V. Mass Agitation and Propagandaist Materials of Political Protest Actions 2017 in Russia

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

• Rodionova M.E., Nazarova N.A., Gimaliev V.G., Emelin A.A. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Fuel and Energy Complex of Russia

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

• Annenkov V.I., Moiseev A.V., Shangaraev R.N. Energy Security as a Factor of Ensuring National and International Security
• Ruban L.S., Boyarkina A.V. The Significance of Xi Jinping's Concept of the "Community of the Common Destiny of Humanity" in China's State Regulation and International Policy
• Kurylev K.P., Gabrielyan G.R., Faraktinova E.N. The Role and Place of Central Asia in China's Implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative
• Chmyreva V.A. Cooperation Between Eurasian Economic Union and Latin America and the Caribbean Countries: New Opportunities for Russia
• Huseynova B.M. On the Question of Trade and Economic Relations Between the Peoples of Dagestan and Azerbaijan in the XVIII – First Half of the XIX Centuries
• Gekht A.B., Shikunov A.G., Soloveva V.A., Patrusheva D.A. A.L. Vuving’s Approach to the Concept of «Soft Power»
• Popov S.I., Shoshich M. Systemic Crisis of the Migration Policy of the European Union Countries in the Context of the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
• Zhetpysbaev S.K. From Interethnic Conflicts to Consent
• Shablovskiy V.S. The Balkans in the Views of Russian Researchers: from Slavophiles to Neo-Eurasianists
• Chernyshev R.S., Rashkovan A.A. Evolution and Prerequisites for the Formation of the Problem of Cybersecurity in International Relations: the First Hacker Attacks and Major Government Data Internet Leaks
• Semibratov E.V. The European Security System Development During the Cold War: from Formation to Disintegration
• Bai Xuetao. The Composition of Overseas Chinese in the Russian Far East Before the October Revolution
• Li Jinyang. Prospects for Comprehensive Cooperation Between China and Africa under the Belt and Road Initiative
• Temerev D.V. Recognition of the USSR by the United States: Trade and Economic Aspect
• Stepanov V.R. Tatars of Kazakhstan: Historical and Cultural Aspect (XIX – 1st Quarter XXI)
• Krylova E.G. The Russian Federation's Role in Resolving the Conflicts of the Caucasus
• Barakat Qais A.M., Shehada Mo'min T.F., Seifi Mustafa S.M. The Role of International and Regional Organizations Involved in the Settlement of the Arab-Israeli Conflict

STUDENT SCIENCE

• Lapshin S.V. Croatia Has a Long Road to Rebirth
• Wei Yurui. The Impact of the Pandemic on the Development of Relations Between China and other World States

CONFERENCES

Ishankhodzhayeva Z.R., Кobzeva O.P., Raimov R.I. Alisher Navoi. Bringing Peoples Together through the Ages

Our authors № 4-2021

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.001

M.M. GASANOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Faculty of History, Department of Russian History, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

THE DICHTOMY OF SOCIAL AND LAND RELATIONS IN DAGESTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE POPULATION OF THE 19TH CENTURY: DEPENDENT CATEGORIES AND THE PEASANTRY

The article is devoted to the topical problem of the formation of the estate-land policy of the tsarist government after the end of the Caucasian War. The paper provides a comparative analysis of land relations in the region before the start of the Caucasian War and after the end of hostilities. It examines the features of the feudal relations of Dagestan, the reasons for the conservation of the dependent relations of peasants to the Khan-Bek estate in the context of the peasant reform in the Russian Empire. As a theoretical and methodological basis for research, we were guided by the basic principles of historical research: the principles of historicism, criticality and objectivity. The use of the historical-situational method made it possible to examine in detail the social picture of Dagestan society in the context of the development of feudal relations in the region.

Key words: land tenure, land use, estates, estate-land commission, community, capitalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.002

A.A. GUSEINOVA Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor at the Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

KHAZAR KHAGANATE AND THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS

The article gives an ethnopolitical characteristic of the tribes and peoples of the North Caucasus, which in the 8-10 centuries were part of the sphere of influence of the Khazar Khaganate. On the basis analysis of written sources and an extensive Circle of literature, the author comes to the conclusion that the Turkic peoples entered into close ethnocultural contacts with the local population and here there was a continuous multilateral process of mutual influence and rapprochement of their cultures, and most important, favorable conditions were created for participation in a wide exchange of material and cultural values.

Key word: the Khazar Khaganate, the North Caucasus, the Great Bulgaria, the Black sea coast, middle Volga region, Alans.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.003

T.G. PTASHKO Сandidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Assistant professor, Social work, Pedagogics and Psychology Department, Southern Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

A.E. PEREBEYNOS Candidate of Historical Sciences, Assistant professor, General History Department, Southern Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

V.S. TSILITSKY Candidate of Pedagogic Sciences, head of the department of scientific work, South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

E.A. STOLBOVA Сandidate of Pedagogical Sciences, college teacher, Associate Professor at the Department of Social Work, Pedagogy and Psychology, South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

ORGANIZATION OF MASS PASTIME OF THE URAL POPULATION IN THE SUMMER (SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES)

Organization of leisure time for the population, especially for young people, is an important direction of the social policy of the modern state. This issue has deep historical roots, the study of which allows you to competently approach the organization of leisure activities today. Research objectives: to reveal the issue of organizing a pastime, to characterize the features of creating both traditional and specific recreation places, to outline the specifics of the opening of the spring-summer season, to reveal the aspects of organizing cultural events – performances, festivities, fireworks, performances by artists of different genres, holding benefit performances, analyze difficulties associated with organizing the mass pastime of the Ural population during the study period. Research methods: system analysis, generalization. Period under study: second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Results: The Ural population has developed a special system for organizing mass pastime in the summer, which is characterized by taking into account the interests of citizens, a variety of activities provided. Conclusion: Description of the problem of organizing leisure in the Urals in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries, allows you to study experience and state that modern forms of cultural pastime are based on the historically created system of leisure activities.

Key words: place of rest, cultural pastime, youth, cultural event.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.004

S.A. ROGATKO Candidate of Historical Sciences (phd in History), Member of the Russian Committee on the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, dachnoe non-profit partnership Deulino

DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN FLOUR TRADE IN RUSSIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURIES

The article presents an analysis of domestic and foreign flour trade in Russia in the second half of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries. The main factors influencing on formation of the internal commodity zoning for flour-grinding industry are disclosed and characterized. Stages, problems, forms and methods for removing of obstacles in the foreign trade development are given a throughout analysis. The Russian flour-grinding industry competitive environment in the foreign markets has been characterized.

Key words: flour-grinding industry, mill farming, flour-grinding zoning, wheat and rye flour, Russian mill farmers.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.005

L.M. ILIASOV The Institute of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy of Science Applicant for the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Moscow, Russia

RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS OF CHECHEN PEOPLE IN ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES

The article is devoted to the religious traditions of the Chechens, whose origins are in ancient times and have something in common with the cults of the ancient population of Western Asia. The work notes a certain continuity in the spiritual culture of the tribes of the North Caucasus, starting with the Eneolithic and ending with the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. And the late medieval Chechen culture reveals numerous parallels with the latter, especially at the level of symbolism applied both to architectural structures and to bronze items.

The work analyzes in detail the pagan pantheon of Chechens and its transformation under the influence of Christian ideas, when the idea of the One Creator becomes predominant, and all secondary deities are relegated to the level of saints and acquire anthropomorphic features. Culture, calendar cycles, symbolism bear the recognizable features of traces of Christianity, which was widespread among the Chechens in the 8th-17th centuries. Georgia played an important role in the preaching of Christianity in Chechnya, as evidenced by the use of medieval Georgian writing in mountainous Chechnya. However, some epigraphic finds confirm the activities of Byzantine missionaries on the flat territory of the region.

Islam was finally established in Chechnya in the 17th century. Since that time, pagan and Christian features in the funeral rites of the Chechens, in their everyday culture, folklore, have gradually disappeared or acquired other forms.

Key words: Chechen people, religious cults, neolith, Eneolith, early bronze epoch, stone, sun, fire, Paganism, Christianity, petroglyphs, cult buildings.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.006

K.R. GABBASOVA Senior Lecturer, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Department of Philosophy and History, Ufa, Russia

THEATER INSTITUTIONS OF THE BASHKIR AUTONOMOUS SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (1941-1945): THEATER PERSONNEL AND PERSONNEL POLICY OF THE STATE

The article analyzes the structure of theatrical personnel of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the Great Patriotic War. Objective and subjective factors influencing the quantitative and qualitative composition of the theater groups of the republic are identified. The article analyzes the state personnel policy in relation to the theater institutions of the BASSR on the example of the following theaters: Ufa Russian Drama Theater, Bashkir Opera and Ballet Theater, kolkhoz-state farm theaters, Belebeyevsky Mobile Theater. The evolution of the personnel policy of the state during the war period is traced. The article considers the state ways of solving the problem of the shortage of artistic and artistic-technical personnel of theatrical institutions. The article presents statistical data on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the theater workers of the republic during the war years. The work is written on the basis of archival sources.

Key words: Great Patriotic War, BASSR, theater, Ufa Russian Drama Theater, Bashkir Opera and Ballet Theater, kolkhoz-state farm theaters, Belebeyevsky mobile Theater, personnel policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.007

V.K. TITERINA Degree applicant of the Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

THE CRIMEAN QUESTION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GREEK PROJECT

The article is devoted to the analysis of the complex external and internal political plans that the Russian Empire carried out during the reign of Catherine II. Those plans were devoted to solving the geopolitical "Greek project" along with the Crimean question which was included in said project.

Key words: Russian Empire, Greek project, Crimean question, Catherine II, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.008

K.G. MORGUNOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History of the Tauride Academy (structural unit) of the Crimean Federal V.I. Vernasky University, Simferopol, Russia

THE WORK OF THE ZEMSTVO SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE TAURIDE PROVINCE IN THE FIRST DECADE OF ZEMSTVO ACTIVITY (1866-1875)

The aim of the work is to study the formation and development of public education in the territory of the Tauride province in the first decade of the activity of zemstvo institutions in the region. The study examines the regional features of the work of the zemstvo self-government bodies of the districts of the Tauride province and determines their importance in the development of public education. The novelty and relevance of the article is added by the definition of the influence of the social composition of zemstvo institutions on the activity of the work of the body in the studied relation. The final part of the work analyzes the results of the work of the zemstvo bodies on the development of public education by the end of the third zemstvo triennial in relation to the first, and also identifies the most successful and lagging regions of the Tauride province, the achieved result of the Tauride Zemstvo is compared with the state of affairs in the public education of neighboring regions of the country.

Key words: self-government bodies, zemstvo institutions, zemstvos, public education, education, zemstvo schools, public schools, Tauride province.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.009

V.А. МASLENNIKOVA Postgraduate student at the Chair of Russian history, Tauride Academy of the Crimean Federal University named after Vernadsky, Simferopol, Russia

“IT'S EASY TO KILL, BUT WHAT ABOUT THE SOUL?”: WOMEN-MURDERERS OF THE MID-XIX-EARLY XX CENTURIES. (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TAURIDE PROVINCE)

A woman-mother and a woman-wife are the traditional perception of the female role in the public space. A woman-killer, and especially the one who took the life of her husband – the mainstay of the family around which her life revolved – was not accepted by society. The study examines and analyzes the main causes of spousal homicide in the Russian Empire on the example of the Tauride province. Until 1649, the emphasized dominance of the man in the family gave him the right to take the life of his wife, whom he considered guilty, with impunity. The study covers the period from the middle of the XIX to the early XX centuries. The judicial reform, which became a part of the life of Russian citizens, allows us to get into family squabbles and assess the real motives of manslaughters. It turned out that women who took the lives of their spouse were often unhappy and had suffered from beatings and humiliation for many years. There were cases when an unfaithful wife, under the influence of her passion, decided to kill her husband, and in such situations, she did not act alone, her lover acted as an accomplice. The so-called “new” court, with the introduction of juries, evaluated the life of women, their motives and adherence to the generally accepted norms. Those who acted in a state of affect, who protected themselves and their children from further physical humiliation and violence, could also be justified by the jury, but those women who were found to be adulterers were awarded the highest penalty for such crimes.

Key words: women, crime, manslaughter, spousal murder, Taurida province.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.010

P.N. SKRIPNIKOV Postgraduate student at the Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia

RESEARCH WORK AT WESTERN SIBERIA MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES IN THE LATE 1950s – EARLY 1990s

Based on the documents of the Centers of Documentation of the Modern History of the Omsk and Tomsk regions, as well as the archives of the Tyumen region, namely the State Archive of Socio-Political History of the Tyumen Region and the State Archive of the Tyumen Region, the article presents the main forms and directions of research activities of teachers and researchers at Western Siberia medical universities in the late 1950s – early 1990s. The article reflects the process of creative search and analyzes the forms of scientific cooperation between representatives of such higher medical educational institutions as Omsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Altai, Kemerovo and Tyumen state institutes. At the same time, special attention is paid to the coordination of scientific research in the course of implementation of the research project of the regional program of state significance “Siberia” – “Human Health in Siberia,” which was based on the results of fundamental and applied research obtained in previous years by the institutions working within the framework of the Scientific Council on Medical Problems of Siberia and the Far North. Scientists of the universities of the above profile have solved most of the important and complex problems related to the development of science. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that medical universities in Western Siberia are an important part of the intellectual potential of the Russian Federation and one of the factors helping to protect the health of the population of Siberia and the Far North.

Key words: intellectual potential, medical problems, scientific cooperation, research activities, pathology, regional program, phthisiology, fundamental and applied research.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.011

A.F. ZAINITDINOV Graduate student Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF THE ORENBURG PROVINCE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY

The purpose of the study is to determine the features of the socio-economic development of the north-eastern part of the Orenburg province in the first half of the XIX century. The article deals with the resources and restraining factors of the development of commodity-money relations of the population, as well as the formation of trade and participants in the trade process in the Orenburg province. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the problem considered in the article is partially consecrated in the historical environment. On the basis of the studied facts, the author comes to the conclusion that there was a crisis of the method of production used, the serf system began to fully transform – from the agrarian to the capitalist system, the development of commodity-money relations, in turn, was facilitated by the formation of the Central Industrial Region, where the thoughts and industrial points of the country were concentrated.

Key words: Orenburg province, commodity-money relations, social development, economic development, XIX century, trade.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.012

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia

THE BIBLE AS A SOURCE OF LAW

(PART SEVEN)

Based on the second part of Article 67 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the author sets the task to show the convergence in the legal systems of the world divine and human principles, while keeping in mind that the beginning of a positive (human, artificial) rights was embedded in the theological stage of civilization. The implementation of this task requires an analysis of various legal concepts in their historical development; the content of the Bible in the context of the norms of human behavior, rules of life (commandments, parables of Jesus Christ, recommendations of the Holy Apostles); regulatory documents of various countries, including Russia, in their historical development.

The article is divided into several parts based on the volume of its content.

Key words: God, divine law, natural law, positive law, Bible, Commandments, philosophers, scientists, lawyers, normative documents, legal concepts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.013

V.V. BLINOV Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of the Department of political science of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ENLIGHTENED TRADITIONALISM: RATIONAL ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF THE SPIRITUAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL CURRENT OF THOUGHT

In politics, the use of too capacious, widely interpreted concepts is often found. This concept can be attributed to "traditionalism". In a substantive conversation, it is problematic to use it, since adherents of different traditions fill this concept with their own meaning and the expectations of the opponent may not be justified. The main task of science is to create a library where every scientific thought and opinion will be taken into account and the relationship will be carried out within the framework of coherent logic. In the article, the author gives his own definition of the concept of "traditionalism", which does not exclude its similarity with other views. Traditionalism is considered through the history of European political thought and from the standpoint of ideology. The ideas expressed in the article partially coincide with the ideas of different political movements: communists, nationalists, socialists, conservatives, and religious organizations. Considering enlightened traditionalism, the author presents rational arguments in favor of the spiritual and philosophical current of thought.

Key words: traditionalism, state, politics, conservatism, democracy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.014

TSVIZHBA ABZAGU Post-graduate student of the Department of National and Federative Relations of the Faculty of International Regional Studies and Regional Management of the Institute of Public Administration and Administration of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

MYSTICISM AND ETHNOCULTURAL TRADITIONS

This article analyzes the concepts of mysticism in scientific discourse and its relationship with ethnocultural traditions. The author shows that mysticism is not an illusion, but a special reality that forms the inner dimension of the being and life of people. An attempt is made to identify the factors and mechanisms of mystical experience and the knowledge of small peoples based on it, which affect the stagnation and development of society in the political and economic vector. The specificity of denial and non-acceptance of globalization by small peoples as a factor of imposing mass consciousness, reflected in the interpretation of political, social and economic processes through the prism of spiritual, mystical and sacred knowledge is highlighted.

Key words: mysticism, ethnocultural traditions, people, national code, stagnation of society.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.015

A.V. KONCHUGOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Political Science of the "Military University" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE MODERN MODEL OF RUSSIAN MILITARY SECURITY

The article reveals the substantive, institutional and functional characteristics of the military security model. Using the system and structural-functional approaches to the study of military security, the authors substantiate the options for determining the structure of its model. The systematic approach allowed us to form the author's vision of the content of mini-theories of the military security system and the system of its support, as a result of conceptualization of certain subjects of military-political reality, understanding the facts of the implementation of the state policy of building the defense of the Russian Federation. The structural and functional approach allowed us to substantiate the structure of the military security model by highlighting its components, and to determine the role of the relevant types of state policy in their formation.

Key words: military security, military security model, military security system, mini-theories of the military security system and its support system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.016

М.F. МAGADIEV Candidate of Sciences (sociology), Associate Professor at the Chair of public administration and national security of the Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia

CRYPTOGRAPHIC PROTECTION OF INFORMATION IN THE E-GOVERNMENT SYSTEM: MODERN RUSSIAN AND INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES

The article is devoted to the study of modern Russian and international practices of cryptographic protection of information in the e-government system. The article discusses the main areas of work of the state information system (GIS), implemented within the framework of the project “Digital Government” and suggests the possibility of using biometrics as a supplement to the degree of reliability of cryptographic information protection.

Key words: e-government, identification and authentication system, management information, cryptographic information protection, biometrics, digitalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.017

E.V. KRYUKOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL JOURNALISM AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF PUBLIC OPINION

In this article, political journalism is considered as one of the areas of modern journalism. The author presents various approaches to the coverage of political events in the context of the objectivity of the information provided to the population. An analysis is made of what factors influence the style and ways of presenting material to a wide audience.

Key words: political journalism, mass media, public opinion, objectivity, journalism, information.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.018

DO THANH TU Postgraduate, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF CIVIL AND POLITICAL PRACTICES OF VIETNAM USERS ON THE INTERNET SPACE: MASS POLL ANALYSIS RESULTS (2020)

The article shows the results of empirical data reflecting the characteristics of the political and civic activity of Vietnamese in the Internet space on the following aspects identification of political topics that attract the attention of Vietnamese citizens in cyberspace; presentation of online political behavior of Vietnamese users; assessments of the use by the Vietnamese of Internet services created to provide citizens with the opportunity to exercise civil and political rights; analysis of the level of interaction between citizens and organizations of the political system of Vietnam in the digital space. It also examines the influence of socio-demographic factors of Vietnamese users on their political participation in the global network.

Key words: internet space, online political behavior, Internet service, online playground/platform, implementation of civil and political rights on the Internet.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.019

I.N. USHAKOV Postgraduate student, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL INNOVATIONS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF STATE AUTHORITIES BASED ON INTERNET COMMUNICATIONS

The scientific article is devoted to the research analysis of the main political innovations in the activities of public authorities, which are used on the basis of Internet communications and are aimed at solving issues of communication and information policy of the state. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the current level of trust in the state authorities of Russia is at a low level, which is associated with the low efficiency of public relations. The article examines the role of Internet communications as an instrument of communication between government bodies of the Russian Federation with society and citizens. The main forms of political innovation in the activities of public authorities based on Internet communications are described, including open government, social networks, official Internet portals and joint rule-making activities.

Key words: political innovation, activities of public authorities, government departments, public administration, internet communications, communication policy, Information Technology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.020

S.V. NESHKOV PhD student at Moscow State University, Public autonomous institution «Moscow Agency for the Implementation of Public Projects», Moscow, Russia

MASS AGITATION AND PROPAGANDAIST MATERIALS OF POLITICAL PROTEST ACTIONS 2017 IN RUSSIA

The form and content of agitation propaganda materials created by the organizers of political protest actions and intended for mass replication are examined. The study materials were used during the protest actions on March 26, June 12 and October 7, 2017. The theoretical and methodological base of the research was built on the basis of elements of descriptive political analysis, the concept of social identity of H. Tajfel and J. Turner and the model of mass consciousness D.V. Olshansky. The author comes to the conclusion that the creators of propaganda materials construct the image of power through the synthesis of phantom threats, established negative stereotypes and the representation of damage to society in personally significant everyday categories. Projecting the image of the enemy onto the establishment contributes to the formation of in-group favoritism, reinforcing within the protest audience the idea that they are superior to the authorities and their supporters in moral terms.

Key words: mass protests, agitation materials, political poster, non-systemic opposition, unconventional opposition.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.021

M.E. RODIONOVA PR & GR Director of Celebrium Labs, Candidate of Social Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Financial University of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

N.A. NAZAROVA Deputy Director for Personnel, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Financial University of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

V.G. GIMALIEV Doctor or Philosophy, Associate Professor of Department of foreign languages N2, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia

A.A. EMELIN Junior PR & GR Analyst at Celebrium Labs Master student of the Financial University of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX OF RUSSIA

The article analyzes the main trends in the impact of the coronavirus COVID-19 on the fuel and energy complex of Russia, highlighting also global trends; The material gives a brief overview of the economic indicators of the petrochemical industry, changes in demand and prices and ways to stabilize the situation, as an example those industries that have suffered the most from the pandemic. In conclusion, an analysis is made on the development of the fuel and energy complex after the pandemic, based on the use of advanced technologies, digital transformation and improving the environmental friendliness of work.

Key words: fuel and energy complex, petrochemical industry, pandemic, COVID-19, OPEC +, export volumes, supply chains.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.022

V.I. ANNENKOV Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor, Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after him. Peter the Great, Balashikha, Russia

A.V. MOISEEV Ph.D. of Military Sciences, Professor, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D. of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ENERGY SECURITY AS A FACTOR OF ENSURING NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

The article is devoted to the actual problem of determining the processes related to energy aspects in international relations (including at the regional levels). It is noted that the most acute energy relations between states are manifested in international energy conflicts (IEC). The peculiarity of the IEC structure is that as one of the probabilistic elements in the composition of each opposing party, there is a victim who arises either during the conflict or outside the conflict, and can become the cause or reason for its beginning. The corresponding conclusions are drawn from the analysis of the IEC structure.

Key words: energy security, energy stability, unstable international situation, international energy conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.023

L.S. RUBAN Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Head of the Department of Research of International Cooperation Issues Institute of the Socio-Political Researches of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia

A.V. BOYARKINA PhD (Political sciences), Associate Professor, Oriental Institute-School of regional and international studies, Academic department of the English language, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF XI JINPING'S CONCEPT OF THE "COMMUNITY OF THE COMMON DESTINY OF HUMANITY" IN CHINA'S STATE REGULATION AND INTERNATIONAL POLICY

The article is devoted to the analysis of state regulation and international policy of China in the context of the concept of the Chairman of the State Council of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping "The Community of the common destiny of mankind" as a target setting and fundamental perception of the modern world order and attempts to reform it. The authors trace the process of party-political and state-building of the People's Republic of China from the 1950s of the twentieth century to the present, the role of the Communist Party and the contribution of China's political leaders to the development of this process and its reflection in the international policy of the People's Republic of China with a focus on relations with neighboring countries. Using a systematic approach to the analysis of the internal and foreign policy of the People's Republic of China and the method of historical comparison, taking into account the national characteristics of China, namely, the theory of democracy with Chinese specifics, the authors make a detailed description of the transformations in the People's Republic of China in the party-political and state spheres, focusing on the multi-level impact of the Chinese state on society As significant events. The authors note the VIII Congress of the CPC in September 1956; the 3rd Plenum of the CPC Central Committee of the 11th convocation in 1978, which took a course to optimize the political system in line with "reforms and openness".»; The XVI Congress of the CPC in 2002, which emphasized not only the construction of a middle-class society, but also openness to the outside world; the XVIII Congress of the CPC in 2012, when the new General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping, was elected, who put forward the concept of "common destiny" and outlined the key directions of the PRC's diplomatic strategy.

Key words: China, party-political and state-building of the People's Republic of China, Xi Jinping, the XIX Congress of the CPC, the concept of the "Community of a single destiny of humanity».

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.024

К.P. KURYLEV Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor at the Chair of theory and history of international relations, RUDN, Moscow, Russia

G.R. GABRIELYAN Master's degree student, Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

Е.N. FARAKTINOVA Master's degree student, Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE AND PLACE OF CENTRAL ASIA IN CHINA'S IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE

The PRC has recently been demonstrating high rates of economic development, which affects the position of the PRC in the international arena and the emergence of opportunities for promoting its own geostrategic interests in different world regions. A very illustrative example of this is Belt and Road Initiative, formulated in 2013, in terms of its scale and involvement of other states, it can become a leader among such integration projects. Analyzing the "geography" of the initiative and the goals pursued by China in the implementation of this project, we can conclude that the "Belt and Road" will allow Beijing to make significant changes in the balance of power in the European and Asian continents. The article examines the main content of the "Belt and Road" project, the directions of its implementation and the tasks set by the Chinese leadership in the course of this project setting. The article also decomposes the role of the Central Asian region in ensuring uninterrupted supplies of hydrocarbons to the territory of China within the framework of ensuring the energy security of the PRC. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Central Asia, with its large oil and gas reserves and a strategically important geographic location, has become a region attracting major international actors.

Key words: People’s Republic of China, Belt and Road Initiative, Central Asia, geopolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.025

V.A. CHMYREVA Research scientist, The Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Center for Post-Soviet Studies, Moscow, Russia

COOPERATION BETWEEN EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION AND LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR RUSSIA

The Eurasian Economic Union development as one of the significant actors of contemporary global order is possible due to the extension of geographic reach and the successful integration of the EEU into the worldwide economic architecture. Russia is known to be a growth driver for neighboring countries, and in this context, EEU cooperation with states and associations of Latin America and the Caribbean has strong potential, although it depends on Russia's willingness to offer the countries of the region large-scale integration projects based on common economic and political interests, meanwhile retaining the role of the driver of Eurasian integration. Russian vast experience in cooperation with LAC region is its competitive advantage and will probably launch network processes of harmonization of socio-political, humanitarian and cultural transregional space. The Eurasian Economic Commission has already proved to be an effective platform for political and business dialogue, as well as expanding cooperation ties between the EEU and the LAC countries.

Key words: foreign policy, integration, Russia, Latin America, The Caribbean, EEU, LAC.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.026

B.М. HUSEYNOVA Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor at the Chair of history of Dagestan, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE PEOPLES OF DAGESTAN AND AZERBAIJAN IN THE XVIII – FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURIES

In this article are discussed the economic and trade relations between the peoples of Dagestan, since this topic is one of the most important problems of the history of Dagestan.

This article notes that the peoples of Dagestan continued to support and develop the indigeneous traditions of the economic, trade, cultural and good-neighborly relations with the peoples of Azerbaijan.

The importance of domestic and foreign trade in the economic life of both peoples is pointed out.

In the article, referring to foreign trade relations, the role of Derbent and other centers in drawing Dagestan into the world trade system is highlighted.

Key words: Dagestan, Azerbaijan, trade, economy, culture, relations, good neighborliness.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.027

A.B. GEKHT PhD, Associate professor/docent, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the Head of the department of history and region studies, Saint Petersburg, Russia

A.G. SHIKUNOV Master, the teacher of Department of History and Regional Studies of The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia

V.A. SOLOVEVA Master, the teacher of Department of History and Regional Studies of The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia

D.A. PATRUSHEVA Master, the teacher of Department of History and Regional Studies of The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia

A.L. VUVING’S APPROACH TO THE CONCEPT OF «SOFT POWER»

The concept of "soft power" has become widespread in the modern world politics as one of the possible ways to implement the foreign policy strategies of states. However, there are still discussions in the academic community about what should be considered as "soft power" and how to avoid a lack of clarity between the definitions of power itself, its resources, and the tools for achieving it. This paper is intended to show an alternative view of the formation process of "soft power". The authors examine the main cases of the original concept developed by A.L. Vuving. The article provides a detailed analysis of the components of "soft power" that potentially affect the creation of the international relations actors’ positive image. This approach allows us to minimize the theoretical shortcomings of the counterparts’ works with their tendency to identify the actors' resources directly with their power. The appeal of the scientific community to the concept of "soft power" is an important step towards its improvement and development. The effective use of this approach in international relations requires a detailed theoretical analysis of all the components that affect the formation and transformation of a positive image of a state in the ability to influence others and achieve the set goals and objectives on the world stage.

Key words: soft power, power currency, tools of soft power, power resources, public diplomacy, international cooperation, A. Gramsci, J. Nye, A.L. Vuving.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.028

S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

M. SHOSHICH Master, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

SYSTEMIC CRISIS OF THE MIGRATION POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE THIRD WAVE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This article examines and analyzes the dynamics of changes in the migration policy of the countries of the European Union and the Western Balkans through the prism of the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic that swept Europe. The ways and methods of solving the problem of refugees in the countries of the European Union, taking into account the new challenges of the time, are proposed.

Key words: migration, migration flows, migration policy, migration crisis, political stability, Serbia, Western Balkans, European Union, political processes, pandemic, COVID-19, refugees, democracy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.029

S.K. ZHETPYSBAEV Ph.D. In Economics, Associated Professor, Department of Economics, Non-public joint stock company named after S.M. Toraigyrov, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan

FROM INTERETHNIC CONFLICTS TO CONSENT

On the basis of analysis in this work it is shown the essence and concept of national-ethnic relations, the content of the terms is disclosed: conflict, interethnic conflict, «national policy»; «interethnic consent».

The article shows an analysis of the causes of conflicts that arise in general, including ethnic conflicts and ways to overcome them and resolve them.

The main focus is on the historical roots of modern ethnic clashes and the emergence of regions of potential conflict.

The essence of the contradictions of interethnic relations, the main directions of their development are investigated. It is considering the role and mechanism of action of public opinion in the functioning of national and international consciousness.

Historical, political, social-economic and religious aspects of ethno-political conflicts in the former Soviet Union and the CIS in their interaction and influence are considered. The article shows the growth of nationalism in the CIS countries, the activities of state bodies and public organizations for the prevention, settlement and elimination of ethno-political conflicts. The reasons for the contradictions, the manifestation and the consequences of the conflicts are grounded, the ways and methods of their resolution are revealed.

In the article it is analyzed the main trends and prospects for the development of interethnic relations in the transition period on the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It reveals the role and importance of the Kazakhstan People Assembly in strengthening social harmony and stability in society, the unity of the people. A vivid example in resolving conflicts and especially interethnic conflicts shows a verified national policy on the example of the Kazakhstan model of interethnic and interfaith relations, as an important aspect of preventing a conflict situation in a polyethnic state.

Key words: conflicts, interethnic conflicts, interfaith relations, national-ethnic relations, national policy, model, peace, social harmony, contradictions, settlement, unity of the people.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.030

V.S. SHABLOVSKIY Postgraduate Student, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

THE BALKANS IN THE VIEWS OF RUSSIAN RESEARCHERS: FROM SLAVOPHILES TO NEO-EURASIANISTS

This article analyzes the views of prominent Russian researchers of different eras regarding the place of the Balkans on the geopolitical map of Europe and in the foreign policy strategy of Russia. In particular, the works of the leading representatives of such scientific trends as Slavophilism, Neo-Slavism, Eurasianism and Neo-Eurasianism were thoroughly examined. The author came to the conclusion that there is a continuity of these trends, and the Balkan region itself, in the views of the considered researchers, has the status of a critical geopolitical space for Russia.

Key words: Russia, Balkans, Slavophilia, Neo-Slavism, Eurasianism, Neo-Eurasianism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.031

R.S. CHERNYSHEV Master, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

A.A. RASHKOVAN PhD student, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

EVOLUTION AND PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF THE PROBLEM OF CYBERSECURITY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: THE FIRST HACKER ATTACKS AND MAJOR GOVERNMENT DATA INTERNET LEAKS

The article examines the history and prerequisites for the formation of the cybersecurity problem on the example of the first hacker attacks and cases of large information leaks on the Internet.

The authors analyze the evolution of this problem, identify patterns and forms of influence of cyberattacks on world government structures and international relations. According to the authors, hacking of computer networks is not just a leak of information or the defeat of the data of one or another department, but also a pretext for international scandals.

The article points out the need to determine the framework of the state's influence in the field of the Internet, to develop a consensus on whether a cyberattack is considered the fact of an attack by one country on another. These problems are increasingly reflected in the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, which indicates a positive trend in global activities to develop measures to enhance cybersecurity.

Key words: cybersecurity, cyberspace, international relations, world politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.032

E.V. SEMIBRATOV Assistant Director of the ISSP (RUDN University); Ph.D. student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

THE EUROPEAN SECURITY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT DURING THE COLD WAR: FROM FORMATION TO DISINTEGRATION

The article is devoted to the review and analysis of the main milestones of the "Cold War" and its impact on the system of regional security in Europe. The author notes the key role of the region in that historical period, highlighting the enormous concentration of armed forces in the region, coupled with geopolitical stability.

Key words: NATO, Warsaw Pact Organization, Europe, USSR, USA, regional security, military and political potential, "Cold War".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.033

BAI XUETAO Ph.D., Center for Russian Language Literature and Culture Studies of Heilongjiang University Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province

THE COMPOSITION OF OVERSEAS CHINESE IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST BEFORE THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION

After the signing of the "Beijing Treaty" in 1860, Russia occupied the Far East, and the Chinese chose to go to Russia to make a living due to various factors at home and abroad. The Chinese are engaged in various economic activities such as commercial trade, labor export and agricultural planting in the Far East. To a certain extent, the Overseas Chinese have played an important role in solving the problems of commodity demand, labor shortage and food supply during the development and construction of the Russian Far East. Through the collection and sorting of domestic and foreign documents, this article attempts to explore the reasons, composition of the Overseas Chinese to make a living in Russia, highlighting the profound influence of the Overseas Chinese on the daily life, development and construction of the Far East.

Key words: October Revolution; Russia; Far East; Overseas Chinese; activities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.034

LI JINYANG Postgraduate student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, China

PROSPECTS FOR COMPREHENSIVE COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND AFRICA UNDER THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE

Through the sustainable development of China's Belt and Road Initiative, China-Africa's all-round cooperation is reaching a new level. Sino-African relations are currently in the best state in the history of bilateral relations, cooperation for mutual benefit, and overall development is very solid. For 9 years in a row, China has been Africa's largest trading partner, a major source of investment and a major source of tourists. In 2019, trade between China and Africa reached US $ 208.7 billion [8]. As the largest developing country in the world and the continent with the largest number of developing countries in the world, the cooperation and development of China and Africa has an important impact on the world. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the prospects for Sino-African cooperation in order to guide Sino-African cooperation at this stage.

Key words: the Belt and Road, all-round cooperation, prospects, interests of both parties.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.035

D.V. TEMEREV Graduate, Moscow City University Institute of Humanities, Department of Russian History, Moscow, Russia

RECOGNITION OF THE USSR BY THE UNITED STATES: TRADE AND ECONOMIC ASPECT

This article provides readers with an overview of the main economic and trade factors that determined the interaction between the Soviet Union and the United States of America during the period of “non-recognition” from 1922 to 1933. A detailed and in-depth analysis of these phenomena will allow us to take a fresh look at one of the most difficult problems in the history of the period under consideration – the reasons for the reversal of the US foreign policy course and the recognition of the USSR as a subject of international relations and law.

Key words: Soviet Union, foreign policy, interwar period, Soviet-American relations, recognition of the USSR, foreign trade.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.036

V.R. STEPANOV The Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia

TATARS OF KAZAKHSTAN: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECT (XIX – 1st quarter XXI)

The Tatar population of modern Kazakhstan are descendants of the Volga-Ural and Siberian Tatars. In historical retrospect, the Tatar population of Russia settled on the territory of modern Kazakhstan in different periods. One of the first points of settlement of the Tatar in Kazakhstan were the years. Uralsk and Petropavlovsk cities. It is reliably known that the Tatar diaspora developed in these cities in the second half of the 19th century. Proof of this are the Tatar quarters, settlements, mosques, madrasahs and mektebs, industrial and commercial establishments in the cities of the Kazakhstan border-zone. Later, moving to the East – deep into the Kazakh steppe, a significant part of the Tatar migrants settled in the Petropavlovsk, Semipalatinsk, Kokchetav, Akmolinsk, Pavlodar and others cities. In all of these cities, Tatars are becoming a significant subject of economic, cultural, educational and social and spiritual life.

Key words: Kazakhstan, Tatarstan, Tatars, culture carrying, madrasah, mosques, Tatar theater, Tatar publications.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.037

Е.G. КRYLOVA Post-graduate student at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION'S ROLE IN RESOLVING THE CONFLICTS OF THE CAUCASUS

This article is devoted to the study and analysis of the role of the Russian Federation in solving the conflicts of Transcaucasia. The South Ossetian and Karabakh conflicts are the strongest in terms of their destabilizing effects and have become an important factor in interstate relations. The author analyzes the negative factors (which led to the war) and the reasons for the outbreak of the last two wars in Transcaucasia. The role of Russia in resolving these conflicts is studied and analyzed.

Key words: conflict, aggression, independence, sovereignty, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, forcing Georgia to peace, Nagorno-Karabakh, Armenia, Azerbaijan, international law, international agreements, geopolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.038

BARAKAT QAIS A.M. Graduate student, the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

SHEHADA MO'MIN T.F. Master Candidate Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

SEIFI MUSTAFA S.M. Master Candidate Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN THE SETTLEMENT OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT

The Arab-Israeli conflict was and is still relevant issue, drawing a large number of indirect participants into its orbit and threatening the security of the entire region, as the conflict is escalating at the present stage. Understanding the essence of the processes taking place today is impossible without a thorough study of the history and background of the conflict. This is what determines the relevance of the research undertaken. The article presents the history of the international and regional organizations that aims to de-escalation of the Arab-Israeli conflict and peacekeeping operations. The article provides assessment of Middle East Quartet, characterization of the peace plan known as ‘The Deal of the Century’, statement of the reasons for the refusal of the Palestinians and other countries from this plan. The role of international and regional organizations involved in the settlement of the considered armed conflict in the Middle East is revealed on the basis of the above.

Key words: Palestine, Arab-Israeli conflict, Middle East Quartet, UN activities, international and regional organizations.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.039

S.V. LAPSHIN Master's student Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia

CROATIA HAS A LONG ROAD TO REBIRTH

The history of the formation of European states is of paramount importance for the entire world culture. We know that it is the European countries that are commonly called the cradle of civilization in the broadest sense, where the sciences, law, economics, universities and government systems were born. In this context, the territory of the modern Mediterranean and especially the territory of Central and Eastern Europe played an important historical role.

In the article, the author conducts a detailed historical analysis of the formation of all the Balkan states, paying special attention to Croatia. Going down into the depths of time, the work reveals the historical background of the formation of the Croatian community from the era of the Roman Empire to the present day. The significance of the article is emphasized by a thorough analysis of all the processes that directly influenced the formation of the Croatian state. The study focuses on military strategies, territorial gains and losses, linguistic, economic and social development of Croatian society, the fruits and results of the rule of great rulers, the state and municipal structure in different periods of time.

When writing this article, the historical and analytical method of research was used. This work is of research value not only for the historical community, but also for a wide range of people who are interested in European history, European civilization and the processes of the formation of the State of Croatia.

Key words: Balkan territory, Croatia, Croatian people, history of the Croatian state, Central-Eastern Europe.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.040

WEI YURUI Master of the Department of Media Linguistics of the Institute "Higher School of Journalism and Mass Communications" of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN CHINA AND OTHER WORLD STATES

Since the coronavirus began to spread around the world, many analysts have speculated about its impact: will it simply accelerate pre-existing trends, or will it turn out to be a geopolitical "tipping point", creating a world completely different from before? The answer is much more complicated: the world during and after COVID-19 will have elements, both old and new, known and unknown. The purpose of the work is to establish trends in the changing relations between China and other world states.

The paper identifies the existing trends in the international geopolitical situation before the pandemic; analyzes China's strategic opportunities to change its geopolitical significance; identifies the reasons that determined the tendency to increase tension in relations with China of the leading countries and unions of the world; draws conclusions about the likely trends to change the geopolitical situation in the world. Methods used in the work: theoretical description, study of the historical context of events and analysis of current trends. As conclusions, we can note several significant points. First, China has strategic opportunities to change the geopolitical situation in the world, which is a direct consequence of the successful development plan of the national idea. Secondly, the international community, especially the United States and the European Union, are trying to discredit China's capabilities and contribution to the fight against COVID-19 infection. Third, the Chinese government and citizens are using their strategic advantage to improve the security of the global economy, making every effort to open up relations and develop the latest methods of organizing social relations to improve security.

Key words: pandemic, coronavirus, geopolitics, China, COVID-19, World Health Organization, USA, Europe.

CONFERENCES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.73.4.041

Z.R. ISHANKHODZHAYEVA Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor at the Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

О.P. КOBZEVA Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor at the Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

R.I. RAIMOV Post-graduate student at the Institute of Asian and African Countries, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ALISHER NAVOI. BRINGING PEOPLES TOGETHER THROUGH AGES THE