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OUR AUTHORS

BIDOVA B.B. – PhD in Law, Chechen state University, Groznyj, Russia.

BOLOTIN M.S. – History teacher, Ivanteyevsky branch of Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow, Russia.

BOLTENKOVA L.F. – Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor of the Institute of public service and management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.

CHMYREVA V.A. – PhD in History, fellow at the Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

DAVYDOVA T.T. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Dagestan State University National Economy, Makhachkala, Russia.

DOBRYNINA M.V. – Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor at the Chair of economics, management and finance, Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia.

ELSHENNAWI MOHAMED BEHIT IBRAHIM GOMAA MOHAMED – PhD Student (in literature), major of Chinese Language and Literature at Hebei University in China, China, Hebei Province, Baoding City.

ERYOMINA Ya.V. – PhD student, Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia.

FAKURDINOVA A.G. – Graduate student of the Department of History and Philosophy, Tambov State Technical University, Deputy Head of the Inquiry Department, Linear Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at Art. Moscow-Ryazan, Moscow, Russia.

GEKHT A.B. – PhD, Associate professor/docent, the Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and region studies, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

GRACHEV A.B. – Candidate of historical Sciences, associate Professor of history Russian state agrarian University – Moscow agricultural Academy a. K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia.

IVANOV A.B. – Post-graduate student at the Chair of national and federative relations of the Institute of public service and management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.

KACHUROVSKIY E.D. – Post-graduate student of the Department of Comparative Politics of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

KANAPYANOVA R.M. – Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Moscow, Russia.

KAYDAROV I.R. – Lecturer at Kazan higher tank command Red banner school, Kazan, Russia.

KHANALIYEV N.U. – Сandidate of political sciences, First secretary of the Department for new challenges and threats of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

KIRYUSHINA M.A. – Aspirant, Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

KOPASOV A.I. – Post-graduate student of the Department of General History, Political Science and Area Studies, National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia.

KOZLOV M.V. – Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Administrator of the Program of the “Religion and Society” Center, of the Institute of public service and management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.

KURBANOV R.M. – Aspirant, Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

KURBONOVA Z.M. – Candidate of political sciences, Doctoral candidate of Institute of Philosophy, Political Sciences and Law named after A. Bahouddinov, Dushanbe, Tajikistan.

LINNIK T.S. – Post-graduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia.

MAKAROV E.P. – Ph.D., senior lecturer of the department Sociology, Political Science and History of the Fatherland, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia.

MAKAROVA T.E. – Ph.D., associate Professor of the department of Preschool Education, Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russia.

MAKINA A.I. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Social Work, Khakass State University them. N.F. Katanova, Abakan, Russia.

MALYUSHIN M.A. – Рost-graduate student, Voronezh Institute of Economics and Social Management, Voronezh, Russia.

MEDVEDEV N.P. – Doctor of sciences (political sciences), Professor Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

NEROVNYJ A.V. – Assistant, the Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and region studies, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

ORISHEV A.B. – Doctor of historical Sciences, associate Professor, head of the Department of Russian state agrarian University – Moscow agricultural Academy a. K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia.

POTAPENKO T.G. – PhD, Associate professor/docent, the RANEPA’s North-west institute of management, the department of international relations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

RODIONOVA M.E. – Candidate of Science in Sociology, Ph.D., Director Center for European Studies, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Sciences & Mass Communications, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

SHAYDULLIN R.V. – Doctor of History, Professor, head of the center of encyclopedia of the Institute of Tatar encyclopedia of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia.

SLIZOVSKIY D.E. – Doctor of sciences (history), Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

SMIRNOVA E.B. – Aspirant, Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

TABEYKINA E.K. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Kazan State University of Energy, Kazan, Russia.

TARASENKO V.N. – Сandidate of historical Sciences, associate Professor of history Russian state agrarian University – Moscow agricultural Academy a. K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia.

TORIA J.N. – Post-graduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 10. Issue 2 (59), 2020.

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Kaydarov I.R., Shaydullin R.V. Features of Ethno-Demographic Development Villages of Tatarstan (1990-2010)
• Bidova B.B. Legal Policy and Legal Political Science in Russia: Historical and Methodological Status
• Davydova T.T. On the Issue of Armenians in Dagestan in the Second Half of the XIX – Beginning of XX Centuries
• Tabeykina E.K. Stages and Main Trends in the Development of Culture of the Soviet Period
• Bolotin M.S. Public Safety and Order in the Moscow Province in 1880-1905
• Fakurdinova A.G. Early Soviet Forms of Conciliation (Mediation) Institutions in the Structure of the Trade Union Movement
• Makina A.I. Khakass Traditions of Assistance in Household Activities

THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLICY

• Boltenkova L.F. Revolution as a Form (Way) of God's Punishment for Sins. Part V

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

• Kanapyanova R.M. Legal Features of the Life of the Small Indigenous Peoples of Russia at the Present Stage
• Ivanov A.B., Kozlov M.V. Heritage of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Features of Interethnic Relations in the Modern Russia
• Toria J.N. Strengthening Kazakhstan's Civil Identity: the Problem of Integrity

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Dobrynina M.V. Engineering Education in Russia in the XXI Century: Paternalization and Deliberalization
• Kopasov A.I. Current Trends Towards Consolidation of the Subjects of the Federation in the Context of Improving Territorial and Political Structure of Russia
• Malyushin M.A. Attempts to Determine the Special Status of the Republic of Tatarstan as a Result of the Agreement Between the Center and the Regions

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD

• Rodionova M.E. Environmental Issues on the EU Election Agenda
• Khanaliyev N.U. Theories of the International Relations in Washington's Strategy in the Greater Middle East
• Chmyreva V.A. Russian Priorities in the Context of Turkish-Ukrainian Strategic Partnership: Crimean Issue
• Kurbonova Z.M. Political Stability of Tajikistan as a Factor of Regional Security
• Kachurovskiy E.D. Relations Between Centre and Provinces in Argentina
• Kiryushina M.A., Kurbanov R.M., Smirnova E.B. The Phenomenon of Terrorism in Europe in the Post-Bipolar Period
• Eryomina Ya.V. Inclusive Education as an Element of Social Policy of the European Union
• Linnik T.S. Eastern Partnership’s Ten Year Anniversary. Results for Ukraine

HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY

• Gekht A.B., Nerovnyj A.V., Potapenko T.G. Towards a United Europe: from the History of the European Coal and Steel Association
• Makarov E.P., Makarova T.E. Features of Religious Education in England at the Present Stage
• Tarasenko V.N., Orishev A.B., Grachev A.B. The Main Causes of the Polish State Disaster in the Second World War
• Mohamed Behit Ibrahim Gomaa Mohamed Elshennawi A Brief Overview on the Sino-Egyptian Educational and Cultural Cooperation

REVIEWS

Slizovskiy D.E., Medvedev N.P. Review of M.А. Malyushin’s Article “Attempts to Determine the Special Status of the Republic of Tatarstan as a Result of the Agreement Between the Center and the Regions”

Our authors № 2-2020

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.001

I.R. KAYDAROV Lecturer at Kazan higher tank command Red banner school, Kazan, Russia

R.V. SHAYDULLIN Doctor of History, Professor, head of the center of encyclopedia of the Institute of Tatar encyclopedia of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia

FEATURES OF ETHNO-DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT VILLAGES OF TATARSTAN (1990-2010)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the reasons for the deterioration of the demographic situation in the village of Tatarstan at the present stage of development. In the article, the author reveals the specifics of the natural movement of the population of Tatarstan, explores the problems associated with the disappearance of rural settlements, and also formulates assumptions about the low effectiveness of certain russian programs to combat depopulation of rural areas, based on the optimization of the socio-cultural infrastructure of villages. The author also touches upon the problem of the intensive disappearance of russian villages. He conducted a comprehensive study of the disappearance of rural localities in Tatarstan, studied the statistics of the problem. A comparative analysis of the results of the demographic russian population census of the Republic of Tatarstan was used to reveal the topic.

At the same time, it was important for the author to identify the main ethno-cultural features peculiar to the rural population as part of the study of depopulation of territories. In connection with this fact, the expert circles of Tatarstan and Russia are actively discussing the problem of modern villages and the preservation of ethnic markers of its population.

According to the author, one of the main socio-demographic problems that modern Russia may potentially face is the intensive disappearance of rural localities. This process is based on the «vicious» idea of contrasting the city and the village. In order to neutralize this process, the modern russian leadership places at the center of its national policy the idea of agglomeration of villages around urban settlements and optimization of their social and cultural infrastructures.

Key words: Tatarstan, village, demography, optimization, agglomeration, disappeared localities, social depression in rural areas.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.002

B.B. BIDOVA PhD in Law, Chechen state University, Groznyj, Russia

LEGAL POLICY AND LEGAL POLITICAL SCIENCE IN RUSSIA: HISTORICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL STATUS

The author substantiates the theory of legal policy of the state, traces the stages of formation, views of scientists and expresses his opinion about its development in the modern world. The author analyzes the principles of legal policy development as a systemic legal phenomenon, in which the components of scientific information are closely, dialectically intertwined with the components of public practice, called legal policy in its General meaning; the novelty of the work consists in the fuchinian analysis with its emphasis on the cardinal discontinuity in the evolution of knowledge (about legal policy) and its strong subordination to the manifestation of interest in it from the authorities. It is concluded that the theoretical basis of the domestic legal strategy is based on both actual historical circumstances relevant to the legal policy of Russia and the opinions expressed about them, on stable regimes and institutions of state government that recreate information about the criminal, on logical combinations of one-time sequences-in the form of mediated "criminal-legal structures", which are characterized by" own " legal policy, suitable for the political elite, society.

Key words: theory, legal policy, legal political science, legal relations, political science dimension of the state's legal policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.003

T.T. DAVYDOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Dagestan State University National Economy, Makhachkala, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF ARMENIANS IN DAGESTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF XX CENTURIES

Ethnically, Dagestan is the most difficult region in Russia. In addition to indigenous peoples, there are nationalities living here whose main area of settlement is outside the North Caucasus. Individual groups moved to this area in different historical periods. These include the Armenians.

It is known that Armenians played a significant role in the development of trade and economic life in the North Caucasus region. Active economic activity at the specified time, as well as their missionary work in an earlier period of history, is reflected in toponymy. Representatives of the Armenian nation lived in all corners of Dagestan and were widely known among the Dagestani peoples.

The article reflects the migration policy of Russia in the North-Eastern Caucasus, which was determined not only by trade and economic interests, but also by political and strategic objectives.

Key words: economy, trade, Armenians, resettlement policy, North Caucasus region, bourgeoisie.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.004

E.K. TABEYKINA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Kazan State University of Energy Kazan, Russia

STAGES AND MAIN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE OF THE SOVIET PERIOD

The article reflects the main stages and trends in the development of the culture of the Soviet period, reflects the main milestones of its development. In article shown that at different stages of the history of the USSR, there were various paradigms for the implementation of the functions and tasks of culture, the reflection of which allows us to establish the relationship between the socio-cultural consciousness of a person and the political structure of the state. At the same time, it was shown that the state of culture is negatively affected by market relations in all social spheres, and Western mass culture. The analysis shown, presented in this work, that under these conditions its influenced on infrastructure, that destroyed it. In addition, the work shows that at the present stage, the key task of the development and preservation of culture is to return lost ground in the world culture of Russia, which, according to the author, is complexity , but achievable.

Key words: cultural revolution, proletarian culture, cultural pluralism, “thaw”, “sixties.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.005

M.S. BOLOTIN History teacher, Ivanteyevsky branch of Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow, Russia

PUBLIC SAFETY AND ORDER IN THE MOSCOW PROVINCE IN 1880-1905

Ensuring public security is an integral and one of the most important functions of the state. On the one hand, it has the task of preventing and suppressing actions that violate the peace and "deanery", and on the other hand, promoting the further development of internal order and security. Concern for security and order-this is how the police function is understood in society. Ensuring public security is particularly relevant at times of social transformation. The era of Alexander II was marked by an increase in public discontent in various sections of society, including the intelligentsia, part of the army, and the nobility. All this required strengthening the law enforcement activities of the state. One of the most significant regions was the Moscow province. The article provides a comprehensive assessment of public security and order in the Moscow province by the Moscow security Department in the period 1880-1905.

Key words: public security, Moscow province, security Department, security guard, Moscow security Department.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.006

A.G. FAKURDINOVA Graduate student of the Department of History and Philosophy, Tambov State Technical University, Deputy Head of the Inquiry Department, Linear Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at Art. Moscow-Ryazan, Moscow, Russia

EARLY SOVIET FORMS OF CONCILIATION (MEDIATION) INSTITUTIONS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE TRADE UNION MOVEMENT

The article analyzes the content of the legal foundations of the first conciliation procedures that arose during the first Russian revolution related to the trade union movement.

The relevance of the study is dictated by the expansion in the modern legal space of institutions of alternative conflict resolution (mediation), the availability of legal material in this area, the need to introduce into the scientific circulation historical and legal sources on the history of early Soviet statehood. The aim of the study is to reconstruct the history of quasi-judicial bodies and their role in the regulation of Soviet society.

On the basis of normative legal acts (Provisions on reconciliation chambers of 1922 and 1923), the author analyzes the organizational basis for the formation of these institutions, the procedural features of their activities, the limits of authority, and the built-in structure of other bodies with punitive functions. The author concludes that the legal nature of conciliation chambers is mixed, in the principles of activity of which the features of civil (contract) and criminal law are mixed; the continuity of the principles of the procedural part of their activities with the principles of the activities of the judiciary is noted.

The roots of modern mediation procedures are substantiated, the legal consolidation of which is presented on the example of a retrospective of the development of reconciliation chambers during the NEP period (1922-1929), which were subsequently replaced by similar social reconciliation institutions, alternative to litigation of the conflict.

Key words: mediation, NEP, conciliation chambers, conciliation procedures, trade union movement, Soviet state, quasi-judicial system, conciliation institute.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.007

A.I. MAKINA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Social Work, Khakass State University them. N.F. Katanova, Abakan, Russia

KHAKASS TRADITIONS OF ASSISTANCE IN HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES

Purpose: Social assistance as a system of protecting people from risks in society originated at the stage of family relations, developed and existed as a special social institution created to support and protect those who temporarily or permanently need it. The Khakass ethnic group has developed certain mechanisms of assistance and mutual assistance within the framework of the community-tribal structure to ensure the favorable functioning of their relatives. Agriculture was a determining factor in ensuring the well-being of the Khakas. Members of the family and community provided each other with assistance and support in raising livestock, cultivating land, and moving to a new pasture.

Results: The economic and labor activity of a person in a traditional society was broad and multifaceted and was determined mainly by the natural and climatic conditions of living. In addition to assistance in normal, everyday life, there were also unforeseen circumstances that a person could not cope with without help, such as fire, flood, livestock deaths, crop deaths, etc. All this required traditional society to develop such mechanisms of interaction that would ensure the survival and development of its members. The traditional Khakass society has developed its own mechanisms of assistance in performing agricultural work over the course of a long history. Agricultural work in a traditional society without technical support was extremely difficult and difficult to perform by one person. In addition, in conditions of extensive farming, cases of livestock deaths and crop destruction were not isolated, and a person who was in a difficult life situation due to these circumstances could not cope with them independently, and was doomed to ruin if it were not for the help of the community and relatives. The well-being and well-being of the members of the traditional society completely depended on the success of the pastoral and agricultural economy.

Conclusion: The analyzed forms of assistance and mutual assistance provided support to the Khakass population in these types of activities and, thanks to the existence of various customs of assistance, a person in a traditional Khakass society was not left alone with his problem, he was given a chance to correct the situation, and, at least, to provide himself with food.

Key words: Khakassia, Khakas ethnic group, family, community cattle breeding, assistance, mutual assistance, traditions of assistance, agricultural work.

THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.008

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor of the Institute of public service and management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

REVOLUTION AS A FORM (WAY) OF GOD'S PUNISHMENT FOR SINS PART V

By combining the analysis of religious and scientific and other secular sources, the author explains the thesis that revolutions in Russia are a form (way) of God punishment for the people’s sins.

The article has an introductory part, five content parts intricately linked and the final clauses.

In the introductory part, the author indicates the concept of sin and its components analyzing religious sources, emphasizing that it is the duty of religious leaders to carry God’s message to all population. The author believes that the historical experience of Russia shows that there were not so many people who strongly believed in God in the XIX-early XX centuries. The author adheres to the thesis that the serf system is a necessary reality in the process of the historical development of Russia. Still, in this reality, it is possible to exist in different ways.

In the content parts, the author defines the components of the religious concept of sin, the main features (properties) of the behaviour typical for the representatives of the ruling forces (such as emperors, officials, landowners, clergy) in the serf system. It is emphasized that orthodox Christianity is the state religion, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church is the Emperor that is why the Bible for is the most valuable Law for him, as well as for the clergy.

In reality, everything happened in such a way that the God Commandments were fulfilled either by atheists from different population sectors or by a small part of the faithful representatives of the ruling forces. The deeds of these people have been analyzed and presented to readers. These are the Decembrists, their wives, officials, soldiers, churchmen, poets, writers, critics, artists, commoners, serfs, revolutionaries. The main part of the voluminous article is devoted to this debating issue.

In the final clauses, the author suggests the need for a collective research work of a monographic nature that would allow opening the issue in the indicated direction.

Theologian, historian, philosopher, a lawyer should work together as the creative community. The emergence of such a work is important for the objective understanding of the XIX century, which led to the events of the XX century, contrary to various interpretations resulting from personal or corporate interests. Unity in regard to revolutionary events is serving like it was the beginning of universal confession of sins to God, and, consequently, the pledge of the present and future unity of Russia.

Key words: God Commandments, Bible, sin, Russia, serfdom, nobility, clergy, young generation, revolutionaries.

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.009

R.М. KANAPYANOVA Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Moscow, Russia

LEGAL FEATURES OF THE LIFE OF THE SMALL INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF RUSSIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE

In recent history, the legal framework for the protection of the interests of small indigenous peoples is meant to preserve traditional economic activities and ethnic and cultural identity of the peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East and is considered as a set of measures for the development of federalism with the for account the developing Far Eastern Region.

Key words: small indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East, communities, traditional nature management areas and specially protected territories.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.010

А.B. IVANOV Рost-graduate student at the Chair of national and federative relations of the Institute of public service and management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

М.V. KOZLOV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Administrator of the Program of the “Religion and Society” Center, of the Institute of public service and management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

HERITAGE OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS AND FEATURES OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN THE MODERN RUSSIA

The article discusses the evolution of national politics from the time of the USSR to the present. The problems of social stratification, ethnocultural development of peoples, the need to establish ethno-social communications, the inadmissibility of replacing the national policy with an exclusive migration question. Attempts of political methods for resolving interethnic contradictions in historical retrospective are illustrated. Issues of countering extremism have been raised, including under nationalist and Islamic slogans.

Key words: national politics, North Caucasus, USSR, extremism, interethnic relations, Russian diaspora.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.011

J.N. TORIA Post-graduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

STRENGTHENING KAZAKHSTAN'S CIVIL IDENTITY: THE PROBLEM OF INTEGRITY

The author considers the state civil identity of the population of Kazakhstan, noting that the term "Kazakh" carries an ethno-national meaning, and the term "Kazakh" expresses the territorial aspect. The author briefly analyzes the articles of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, strategic national projects (the Patriotic act "Eternal country" ("mengilik El"), "big family – big country", the national project "Menin Elim" ("my country"), which play a major role in the formation and strengthening of Kazakhstan's identity. The country's leadership sees the new Kazakh identity as a single and common identity, built on a system of equality of economic, social, cultural opportunities, quality of life and stability. In order to achieve this goal, there is a need for effective work of the professional state apparatus, ensuring the rule of law, the economy, transparent work of an accountable state, etc. The author gives an example of a sociological research and its analysis. It was revealed that young people are more likely to refer to themselves as "citizens of Kazakhstan" than the older generation. The reason for this may be nostalgia for the Soviet past.

Key words: identity, Kazakhstan identity, Kazakh identity, national strategic projects.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.012

М.V. DOBRYNINA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor at the Chair of economics, management and finance, Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia

ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN RUSSIA IN THE XXI CENTURY: PATERNALIZATION AND DELIBERALIZATION

The author identifies the main features and evaluates the results of modernization of engineering education in the 90-ies of the XX century. It is noted that there is an exceptional public consensus for Russia on the need for and the main directions of reform of the 90s. The importance of the effects of liberal reforms is emphasized. The economic effects of the reform of the 90s are estimated as negative. Examines the rotation policy of engineering education from liberal to gosudarstvennoi model, the tendency to the abandonment of the gains of liberal reforms, manifested in the change of paradigm of relations between the state and civil society partnership and dialogue on gosudarstvennuyu and paternalistic. Since 2001, there has been a sharp paternalistic turn in state policy regarding engineering education: it is returning to the model of “state order from above,” while civil society represented by the academic community, local communities, public organizations, and economic actors has lost the bulk of subjectivity in determining and the implementation of national educational policies. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that even before 2012 there was a departure of the educational system from the principles of liberalism, openness, academic freedom and European integration.

Key words: engineering education, democracy, liberalization, education, reform, consensus, civil society, paternalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.013

A.I. KOPASOV Post-graduate student of the Department of General History, Political Science and Area Studies, National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia

CURRENT TRENDS TOWARDS CONSOLIDATION OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE FEDERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPROVING TERRITORIAL AND POLITICAL STRUCTURE OF RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of current trends in reforming the territory of the Russian Federation in the aspect of consolidation of subjects, in scientific discourse, ideas of politicians and public figures. Tendencies of development of views on territorial questions of development of federalism in Russia are revealed. The author presents modern slants to reforming the territory of the Russian Federation in the aspect of consolidation of subjects. Over the past decade, approaches to optimizing the territorial structure have become more "streamlined". At all levels, it is recognized that there is little effectiveness in enlarging subjects through simple addition. Great importance is attached to the complex development of territories.

Key words: territorial structure of the Russian Federation, administrative-territorial division, federalism of Russia, unitary state, territorial disparities, alignment policy, the discourse about the improvement of the subject composition, modernization of the territorial structure, conception of territorial development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.014

M.A. MALYUSHIN Рost-graduate student, Voronezh Institute of Economics and Social Management, Voronezh, Russia

ATTEMPTS TO DETERMINE THE SPECIAL STATUS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN AS A RESULT OF THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CENTER AND THE REGIONS

The article is devoted to the problems of «unrecognized», «self-proclaimed» states in the context of national security and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation. The phenomenon of “special status” of the Republic of Tatarstan, the reasons that led to the signing of the agreement securing such a status and its termination, the possible prospects for restoration are considered. Analyzing the opinions of participants in those events and events taking place in our modern state, the author makes an attempt to assess and prospects for the development of this phenomenon and its impact on the territorial integrity of the country.

Key words: power, state, international recognition, Mintimer Shaimiev, unrecognized states, political system, Republic of Tatarstan, Rustam Minnikhanov, social states, sovereignty, territorial integrity.

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.015

M.E. RODIONOVA Candidate of Science in Sociology, Ph.D., Director Center for European Studies, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Sciences & Mass Communications, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ON THE EU ELECTION AGENDA

The purpose of this article is to consider environmental issues in European countries on the example of France, Germany, Spain and Sweden. The parties of green in the above countries are analyzed including their main provisions and activities. Environmental protection has become a key issue for European countries in recent years. A brief description of the main environmental problems in countries such as the Czech Republic, Denmark, Sweden; analysis of the green party in a number of countries such as Spain, Sweden, Germany, France. The example of Poland examined in detail the electoral process with the participation of the Green Party.

Key words: environmental agenda, electoral process, climate change, environmental pollution, green parties, EU, Europe, Czech Republic, Denmark, Sweden, Spain, Germany, France, Poland.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.016

N.U. KHANALIYEV Сandidate of political sciences, First secretary of the Department for new challenges and threats of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THEORIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN WASHINGTON'S STRATEGY IN THE GREATER MIDDLE EAST

The article attempts to identify and analyze some, in the opinion of the author, the most significant foreign policy theories of American researchers, which are used by the US leadership to justify its foreign policy strategy in the world, including the Greater Middle East region. This choice of topic is justified by the fact that the development and implementation of the national security priorities of the Russian Federation are largely related to the successes and failures of the United States in the region. The main attention is concentrated on such trends as neorealism, isolationism, the neocon`s theory of export of the democratic revolution, deterrence, liberal hegemony, and a unipolar world order. It is shown how their particular positions and attitudes are used in Washington’s foreign policy strategy in the Greater Middle East.

Key words: Russian Federation, USA, Greater Middle East, region, international relations, the theory of international relations, strategy, politics, geopolitics, state, national security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.017

V.A. CHMYREVA PhD in History, fellow at the Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN PRIORITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF TURKISH-UKRAINIAN STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP: CRIMEAN ISSUE

The current legal status of Crimea is a target for criticism of Russia and the sanctions imposed by Euro-Atlantic community. It is obvious that the legitimacy of Crimea’s referendum will be permanently put on international agenda by two states – Ukraine and Turkey, among others. In this context, building a constructive political dialogue between Russia and Ukraine is defined by the need to level anti-Russian sentiments and to prevent regional escalation. In this process it seems necessary to attract a third party that could influence conflicting states: the Republic of Turkey can act as a mediator, in particular, relating to the Crimean issue.

Key words: foreign policy, Russia, Сrimea, Turkey, Turkish-Ukrainian relations, Black Sea region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.018

Z.M. KURBONOVA Candidate of political sciences, Doctoral candidate of Institute of Philosophy, Political Sciences and Law named after A. Bahouddinov, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

POLITICAL STABILITY OF TAJIKISTAN AS A FACTOR OF REGIONAL SECURITY

The progress of human society, especially its culture and civilization, at all times depended on peace and tranquility. A society in which there is no peace and tranquility will sooner or later decline. The greatest monuments of history and culture, grandiose structures and creative masterpieces are created in an atmosphere of peace and tranquility.

Key words: political stability, security, Tajikistan, conflicts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.019

E.D. KACHUROVSKIY Post-graduate student of the Department of Comparative Politics of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

RELATIONS BETWEEN CENTRE AND PROVINCES IN ARGENTINA

In this article the author analyzes the balance of federal relations between the centre and the provinces of Argentina. This country is one of the oldest federations in the world and sets an example of a successful maintenance of the balance between national government and regions. The aim of the study is to measure the balance of these relations. The pursuit of achieving this goal involves the usage of a conceptual framework developed by a Russian political scientist Rostislav Turovskiy who points out the balance of military, administrative, economic and ideological power. In order to investigate the balance of administrative power the author has conducted a quantitative analysis of the Argentine Constitution, more specifically, he evaluates the amount of powers of the centre and the regions as well as their ratio. The results have been compared to these figures of some other federations of the world. In order to define the balance of economic power the percentage of the provinces in the budget was measured (it was also compared to those figures of other federations). Finally, in order to examine the balance of ideological power the author has conducted a statistical analysis of the results of the gubernatorial and presidential elections at the regional level (both were held in 2019). Besides, he investigates the Argentine regional parties, their political weight and attitude towards the ruling party. As a result of the study the author comes to a conclusion that the balance of the relations between the provinces and the centre is shifted in favour of the latter, however it is a common situation in any nation, otherwise it would disintegrate. Moreover, the Argentine federation is relatively decentralized.

Key words: federalism, regionalism, Argentina, Latin America, regions, political science, regional and local studies, elections, parties.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.020

M.A. KIRYUSHINA Aspirant, Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

R.M. KURBANOV Aspirant, Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

E.B. SMIRNOVA Aspirant, Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE PHENOMENON OF TERRORISM IN EUROPE IN THE POST-BIPOLAR PERIOD

The article considers the problem of the spread of Islamist terrorism in Europe after the end of the Cold War. The authors note that throughout the twentieth century. Europe was subjected to terrorist acts by left-wing radical underground Marxist groups and various separatist organizations. Global terrorism today is most associated with religious movements, where Islamist extremism clearly prevails, manifested as much as possible first in the USA in 2001, then in Madrid in 2004 and London in 2005. The article shows that the threat of terrorism today continues to be one of the most serious problems for the European security system. The study identifies several factors that, according to the authors, contribute to the growth of the terrorist threat. These include the acute migration crisis that the European Union has survived, and the consequences of which are still persisting.

Key words: Europe, the European Union, terrorism, extremism, Islamism, migration, crisis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.021

Ya.V. ERYOMINA PhD student, Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

INCLUSIVE EDUCATION AS AN ELEMENT OF SOCIAL POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

The problems of social inequality and inclusion are becoming of key importance with the development of the world community. Ensuring equal access for all citizens to education, regardless of their social status, origin and disability, is becoming a goal in many states, as well as at the global level. The article explores the main measures that are being taken in Europe to ensure inclusiveness in the field of education.

Key words: education, European Union, equality, legislation, inclusion.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.022

T.S. LINNIK Post-graduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

EASTERN PARTNERSHIP’S TEN YEAR ANNIVERSARY. RESULTS FOR UKRAINE

The article identifies the key achievements and challenges of Ukraine in the Eastern Partnership project and the results of the ten-year anniversary of cooperation between the participating countries, in particular, Ukraine, and the European Union in the four priority areas: economic development and market opportunities; institutional growth and good governance; strengthening ties, energy efficiency, environment, and climate change; mobility and people-to-people contacts.

Key words: Eastern partnership, Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, European neighborhood policy.

HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.023

A.B. GEKHT PHD, Associate professor/docent, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and region studies, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

A.V. NEROVNYJ Assistant, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and region studies, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

T.G. POTAPENKO PhD, Associate professor/docent, The RANEPA’s North-west institute of management, the department of international relations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

TOWARDS A UNITED EUROPE: FROM THE HISTORY OF THE EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL ASSOCIATION

Deep integration became one of the most important processes that took place on the European continent in the second half of the XX century. Its result was the creation of the European Union, which plays a major role in the world economy and politics. It is largely possible thanks to the complex architecture of the supranational institutions that ensure the functioning of the Union. One of the first integration associations that appeared during the integration of the European countries was the European Coal and Steel Association. The article covers the main prerequisites for its appearance and stages of its creation.

Key words: European integration, European Union, European coal and steel Association.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.024

E.P. MAKAROV Ph.D., senior lecturer of the department Sociology, Political Science and History of the Fatherland, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia

T.E. MAKAROVA Ph.D., associate Professor of the department of Preschool Education, Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russia

FEATURES OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN ENGLAND AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The article examines the state of religious education in state educational institutions in England. An important role in this matter is played by the study of the influence of supranational processes on the system of religious education in modern sociocultural realities. This issue takes into account such phenomena as globalization, liberalization and pluralization of English society. A separate subject of analysis is the educational reform of 1988, which outlined the political and cultural context that determines the development of English education up to the modern period. The article also analyzes how the problem of the discrepancy between the overstated requirements for religious education on the part of society and the lowered attention to this issue by the state was formed.

Key words: England, the educational system, supranational processes, national processes, educational policy, religious education.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.025

V.N. TARASENKO Сandidate of historical Sciences, associate Professor of history Russian state agrarian University – Moscow agricultural Academy a. K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia

A.B. ORISHEV Doctor of historical Sciences, associate Professor, head of the Department of Russian state agrarian University – Moscow agricultural Academy a. K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia

A.B. GRACHEV Candidate of historical Sciences, associate Professor of history Russian state agrarian University – Moscow agricultural Academy a. K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia

THE MAIN CAUSES OF THE POLISH STATE DISASTER IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR

This article is an attempt at a brief analysis of the main causes that led to the catastrophe of the Polish State in the Second World War. Poland is considered the first victim of World War II, but Germany's attack on Poland in the autumn of 1939 had a lot of causal ties, and a series of previous events, and is definitely not accidental. Following the First World War, the Polish State pursued a very active policy during the interwar period in trying to implement rather ambitious plans for Polish expansion, which could not but contradict the interests of other European states.

Key words: Poland, World War, Europe, USSR, England, France, international politics, interwar period.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.026

MOHAMED BEHIT IBRAHIM GOMAA MOHAMED ELSHENNAWI PhD Student (in literature), major of Chinese Language and Literature at Hebei University in China, China, Hebei Province, Baoding City

A BRIEF OVERVIEW ON THE SINO-EGYPTIAN EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL COOPERATION

The purpose of this article is to introduce the state of Affairs (describe the current situation) between China and Egypt in the field of educational and cultural cooperation (through the years until recent time). The article also aims at the conclusion, which can become the basis for the expected future mutual relations between these two ancient civilizations. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the development of Sino-Egyptian relations will allow the two countries to jointly reach a new level of bilateral relations and make a significant leap forward in cultural, educational and many other spheres. This article also concluded that learning the Chinese language in Egypt is still faced with some problems within the educational system.

Key words: China, Egypt, Sino-Egyptian relations, Sino-Arab relations, Sino-African relations, South-South cooperation, Confucius institutes, educational cooperation, cultural exchange, Sino-Egyptian Cultural Year.

REVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.59.2.027

Reviews:

D.Е. SLIZOVSKIY Doctor of sciences (history), Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of sciences (political sciences), Professor Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

REVIEW

of M.А. Malyushin’s Article

“Attempts to Determine the Special Status of the Republic of Tatarstan as a Result of the Agreement between the Center and the Regions”

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 10. Issue 1 (58), 2020.

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Akkieva S.I., Kotsev E.M. Wedding Rituals in the Adyghe Diaspora in Turkey: Tradition and Modernity
• Seryakov V.D. Falsification of the History of the Great Patriotic War: Evolution in Approaches and Methods
• Brovchenko I.Yu. The Spiritual Statement of Russian Society in the 90s of the 20th Century
• Dyachkova A.N. G.V. Ksenofontov about Immigrant Subjects in Yakut Folklore

THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLICY

• Boltenkova L.F. Revolution as a Form (Way) of God's Punishment for Sins. Part IV

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Rodionova M.E. “Black PR” in European and Russian Election Campaigns
• Мagadiev M.F., Puzevich A.N. Military-Patriotic Education of Modern Russian Youth in the Conditions of Ensuring National Security of the Russian Federation (on the Example of the Ryazan Local Branch of “Unarmia” VVPOD)

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

• Kurbonova Z.M. Political Stability of Tajikistan as a Factor of Regional Security. Part I
• Goncharov V.V., Avakian R.M., Prikhodko E.O., Berzegova N.N. Modern Problems Related to the Observance of Human Rights During the Military Conflict on the Territory of Ukraine

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD

• Ezhova M.Yu. Migration Policy in the Context of Russia's Strategic Goals in the Post-Soviet Space
• Dadashov K.K. EU Common Security and Defense Policy: Problems and Prospects
• Entina E.G. American and British Priorities in Southeast Europe under the Ongoing Process of New Architecture of International Relations Formation
• Golovanov R.S. New Stage of Eurasian Integration: Elite Functions
• Dadashova K.K. EU Foreign Policy on Conflicts in the Post-Soviet Space: (the South Caucasus Countries)

HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY

• Gekht A.B., Nerovnyj A.V., Potapenko T.G. France and the EU's Security and Defense Policy at the Turn of the Twenty First Century
• Makarov E.P. Land Expansion of the British Colonial Elite as an Example of the Activities of the Ohio Company on the Eve of the Franco-Indian War of 1754-1763
• Gen Yijin Lanzhou Air Battle Review

STUDENT SCIENCE

• Delgado A.A., Prokopchuk D.D., Gritsenko R.A. Application of Content Analysis on the Example of Presidential Messages to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (2014-2016)
• Le Lan Ngoc Social Networks as a Mechanism for Forming the Image of Political Leaders
• Demenin K.G. Work of Political Officers During the Great Patriotic War

REFLECTIONS ON THE READ

Slizovskiy D.E., Medvedev N.P. Review of the Article by S. A. Lantsov “Ethnic Terrorism and Ethno-Political Conflicts in the XIX-XX Centuries: Analysis of Socio-Political Factors”

Our authors № 1-2020

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.001

S.I. AKKIEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, The leading Researcher of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nalchik, Russia

E.M. KOTSEV Post-graduate Student, Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nalchik, Russia

WEDDING RITUALS IN THE ADYGHE DIASPORA IN TURKEY: TRADITION AND MODERNITY

The article is devoted to the wedding rituals of the Circassians in Turkey, which has so far not been the subject of special consideration. The Circassians Diaspora exists in Turkey for more than 150 years. On the ethnic culture of the Circassians, the wedding rituals, considerable attention was paid to the culture of the host Turkish community and other nations. Significant changes in wedding rituals have been noted since the second half of the 20th century, in connection with the processes of urbanization and migration. Since the end of the 1980s, contacts of the Circassians diaspora with their relatives living in Russia increased, which affected the wedding rituals. For the first time in many years, weddings have been held between representatives of the Circassians living in Turkey and Russia. These ties are reflected in the wedding ceremony. Currently, the wedding ritual of the Circassians living in Turkey is a synthesis of Circassians and Turkish traditions and innovations.

Key words: Circassians, Adyghe, wedding, Turkey, diaspora, courtship, globalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.002

V.D. SERYAKOV Сandidate of military Sciences, associate Professor, rector of the Institute of Economics and culture, Moscow, Russia

FALSIFICATION OF THE HISTORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: EVOLUTION IN APPROACHES AND METHODS

This study examines the causes of falsification of the history of the great Patriotic war, their impact on the spiritual sphere of Russian society and socio-anthropological consequences. On the basis of the author's analysis, the essence is revealed and the methods and methods of falsification of the history of the great Patriotic war are defined: moral and legal extrapolation, scaling of local statistics, isolation of the event from the historical context. The article notes some features of modern approaches to falsification of history, such as manufacturability, synthesis of falsification with psychological and PR technologies, imposition of false ideas through a strong emotional impact. The content of falsifications, the approaches and methods used in this case, allow us to assert that historical science is a field of ideological confrontation, and the methods and methods of falsification should be considered as an instrument of manipulation of public consciousness. The main criterion in the assessment of historical events is proposed to take the practical feasibility of decisions taken by the military and political leadership of the country.

Key words: The great Patriotic war, evolution, methods and technologies of falsification of history, social consciousness, spiritual sphere.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.003

I.YU. BROVCHENKO Aresearchfellow of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, theologian, PhD-student in the A. Gieysztor Humanitarian Academy in Pultusk, Poland

THE SPIRITUAL STATEMENT OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY IN THE 90s OF THE 20th CENTURY

The article considers the beginning of the spiritual revival in the late 20th century in Russia. It was directly related to political reforms of the state, cultural heritage, many socioeconomic backgrounds at that moment. There is a short overview of the history of relationships between the state and the Russian Orthodox Church in the 90s. It is quiet difficult to understand many processes of new state-clerical politics without any introducing of it. The state-clerical topic in Russia needs complex study in theoretical and historical directions.

Key words: politics and religion, Russian Orthodox Church, state, faith, patriarchal Alexey II, society, spiritual revival, 1990s in Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.004

A.N. DYACHKOVA PhD in history, Assistant Professor, Department of World and Russian History, Ethnology, Archeology, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia

G.V. KSENOFONTOV ABOUT IMMIGRANT SUBJECTS IN YAKUT FOLKLORE

G.V. Ksenofontov is a major researcher of the traditional culture of the peoples of Siberia and Yakutia in the first half of the XX century. In his works, he investigated the issues of origin, early ethnic history, beliefs (shamanism) and folklore. The ethnographer focused on the folklore and mythological subjects. This article discusses the wandering plots of the Yakut folklore. Comparison of biblical stories with legends and stories about the ancestors of the Yakut people Omogoe and Elle, as well as other stories found among the peoples of Eurasia and in the Yakut myth-making, has led the researcher to the idea of common Eurasian folklore motifs in the Yakut mythology.

Key words: G.V. Ksenofontov, Yakut folklore, Olonkho, myths, legends, stray stories, pastoral peoples of Eurasia, Eurasian folklore motifs.

THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.005

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor of the Institute of public service and management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

REVOLUTION AS A FORM (WAY) OF GOD'S PUNISHMENT FOR SINS PART IV

By combining the analysis of religious and scientific and other secular sources, the author explains the thesis that revolutions in Russia are a form (way) of God punishment for the people’s sins.

The article has an introductory part, five content parts intricately linked and the final clauses.

In the introductory part, the author indicates the concept of sin and its components analyzing religious sources, emphasizing that it is the duty of religious leaders to carry God’s message to all population. The author believes that the historical experience of Russia shows that there were not so many people who strongly believed in God in the XIX-early XX centuries. The author adheres to the thesis that the serf system is a necessary reality in the process of the historical development of Russia. Still, in this reality, it is possible to exist in different ways.

In the content parts, the author defines the components of the religious concept of sin, the main features (properties) of the behaviour typical for the representatives of the ruling forces (such as emperors, officials, landowners, clergy) in the serf system. It is emphasized that orthodox Christianity is the state religion, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church is the Emperor that is why the Bible for is the most valuable Law for him, as well as for the clergy.

In reality, everything happened in such a way that the God Commandments were fulfilled either by atheists from different population sectors or by a small part of the faithful representatives of the ruling forces. The deeds of these people have been analyzed and presented to readers. These are the Decembrists, their wives, officials, soldiers, churchmen, poets, writers, critics, artists, commoners, serfs, revolutionaries. The main part of the voluminous article is devoted to this debating issue.

In the final clauses, the author suggests the need for a collective research work of a monographic nature that would allow opening the issue in the indicated direction.

Theologian, historian, philosopher, a lawyer should work together as the creative community. The emergence of such a work is important for the objective understanding of the XIX century, which led to the events of the XX century, contrary to various interpretations resulting from personal or corporate interests. Unity in regard to revolutionary events is serving like it was the beginning of universal confession of sins to God, and, consequently, the pledge of the present and future unity of Russia.

Key words: God Commandments, Bible, sin, Russia, serfdom, nobility, clergy, young generation, revolutionaries.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.006

M.E. RODIONOVA Director Center for European studies, Candidate of Science in Sociology, Associate Professor, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Political Sciences, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

“BLACK PR” IN EUROPEAN AND RUSSIAN ELECTION CAMPAIGNS

The purpose of this article is a comprehensive consideration of “black PR” from its definition, basic techniques and technologies of “black PR”. The reasons for the popularity of “black PR”, its development in Russia and modern examples in Europe and Russia, the ways of combating “black PR” are also considered.

Key words: electoral consulting, election campaigns, elections, political competition, manipulative influence, political technologies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.007

М.F. МAGADIEV Candidate of Sciences (sociology), Associate Professor at the Chair of public administration and national security of the Institute of law and national security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

А.N. PUZEVICH Рost-graduate student at the Chair of general history and international relations of the Ryazan state University named after S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia

MILITARY-PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF MODERN RUSSIAN YOUTH IN THE CONDITIONS OF ENSURING NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RYAZAN LOCAL BRANCH OF “UNARMIA” VVPOD)

In recent years, the Russian Federation is steadily strengthening its statehood and reviving its spiritual, cultural, historical, and civil-patriotic values. However, despite these positive trends, there are still many unresolved issues that have a significant impact on the state of the spiritual and moral atmosphere of Russian society. In the course of the study, the authors reveal the main problems of the all-Russian military-patriotic social movement “Unarmia,” as the most mass military-patriotic association in the Russian Federation. The second part is devoted to the study of the positive experience of the Ryazan local branch of “Unarmia” VVPOD.

Key words: military-patriotic education, modern Russian youth, national security, patriotism, social partnership, UNARMIA.

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.008

Z.M. KURBONOVA Candidate of political sciences, Doctoral candidate of Institute of Philosophy, Political Sciences and Law named after A. Bahouddinov, Dushanbe Republic Tajikistan

POLITICAL STABILITY OF TAJIKISTAN AS A FACTOR OF REGIONAL SECURITY PART I

The progress of human society, especially its culture and civilization, at all times depended on peace and tranquility. A society in which there is no peace and tranquility will sooner or later decline. The greatest monuments of history and culture, grandiose structures and creative masterpieces are created in an atmosphere of peace and tranquility.

Key words: political stability, security, Tajikistan, conflicts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.009

V.V. GONCHAROV Candidate of legal sciences, associate professor of the department of state and international law, Kuban state agrarian university named after I.T. Trubilina, Krasnodar, Russia

R.M. AVAKIAN Laboratory assistant of the Department of constitutional and legal studies of the Krasnodar branch of the Institute of globalization problems, student of Kuban state agrarian university named after I.T. Trubilina, Krasnodar, Russia

E.O. PRIKHODKO Laboratory assistant of the Department of constitutional and legal studies of the Krasnodar branch of the Institute of globalization problems, student of Kuban state agrarian university named after I.T. Trubilina, Krasnodar, Russia

N.N. BERZEGOVA Laboratory assistant of the Department of constitutional and legal studies of the Krasnodar branch of the Institute of globalization problems, student of Kuban state agrarian university named after I.T. Trubilina, Krasnodar, Russia

MODERN PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE OBSERVANCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS DURING THE MILITARY CONFLICT ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE

The article deals with the problem of observance of human rights in the conditions of armed conflict and anti-terrorist operation in the South-East of Ukraine. The paper analyzes the fundamental principles of international law and the law of Ukraine in the field of basic human rights and freedoms and reveals violations of normative acts in the field of ensuring the security of citizens, the use of the army and prohibited weapons against civilians and civilian infrastructure. Based on the research carried out in the article, the author identifies and justifies the following measures aimed at the resolution of the conflict: introduction of peacekeeping troops in the zone of military conflict; resolution of issues related to the actual compensation to the victims and relatives of victims; implementation of international justice against those responsible for the outbreak of the conflict and war crimes against citizens.

Key words: conflict, Ukraine, international law, human rights, anti-terrorist operation, war crimes, modern problems, military conflict, territory.

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.010

M.YU. EZHOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Children's Ombudsman, Administration of the Head and Government of the Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala, Russia

MIGRATION POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIA'S STRATEGIC GOALS IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE

Migration flows always exacerbate interethnic contradictions and actualize discussions related to nation-building, identity, and the search for consolidating ideas for society. At the same time, the politicization of migration issues is counterproductive from the standpoint of implementing integration projects in the post-Soviet space, which will remain a key geopolitical region and a zone of special attention for Russia. The urgency of the problem is predetermined by forced democratization, multi-level urbanization, and features of the formation of civil society institutions and political culture of post-Soviet States. The types, intensity, and directions of migration are largely due to the low efficiency of implemented political and economic institutions, and the uncertainty of national policy goals. The long-term trend of forming a civil nation and all-Russian civil identity in Russia requires a conscious and stable position in relation to migrants and the corresponding migration policy: inclusive, selective or asymmetric, as well as an innovative approach to the institution of citizenship, the development of the concept of dual citizenship as a compromise form of existence of multi-level societies in integration projects in Eurasia.

Key words: migration, integration, post-Soviet space, citizenship, identity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.011

К.К. DADASHOV Post-graduate student of Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Foreign Ministry of RF, Moscow, Russia

EU COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENSE POLICY: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

The article examines the formation and development of a common security and defense policy of the European Union (EU GAAP). The author claims that this policy allows the Union to play a leading role in peacekeeping, conflict prevention and the strengthening of international security. This is an integral part of the EU’s comprehensive approach to crisis management, based on civil and military assets. The author also conducts a periodization of the formation of security of cooperation between European states, highlighting six stages. Special attention is paid to the classification of the formation and evolution factors of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. In conclusion, the author notes, in particular, that unconventional asymmetric threats to international security necessitate the coordination of actions at the level of national states within the framework of international organizations and the coordination of the activities of these organizations. The urgent task is to determine the functional role of the EU as a regional security organization among other international organizations.

Key words: European Union, security, Europe, politics, crisis, regional security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.012

E.G. ENTINA Candidate of Sciences (Politics), Associate Professor of National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Senior Researcher at the Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia

AMERICAN AND BRITISH PRIORITIES IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE UNDER THE ONGOING PROCESS OF NEW ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS FORMATION

The collapse of the bipolar system of international relations and tragic dissolution of Yugoslavia USA crucially improved their importance in the region of Southeast Europe. The same could be said about its Euro-Atlantic influence. Since the middle of 1990th USA became the main arbiter in crises and contradictions among the Western Balkan states and in the wider region. It didn’t loose its position nowadays despite the illusion of “interest lost” in the Balkans. Similar could be concluded from the observation of the modern Balkan policy if the main Euro-Atlantic ally of the U.S. – Great Britain. The difference is that in the Balkan region particularly after Brexit London ensures two type of interests: together with the U. S. – interests of NATO as well as London is using this geostrategic space for its national interest and as a play card in relations with Brussels.

Key words: USA, Southeast Europe, Great Britain, Brexit, European Union, Balkans, NATO.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.013

R.S. GOLOVANOV candidate of political sciences, candidate of jurisprudence, doctoral student of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

NEW STAGE OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION: ELITE FUNCTIONS

The article highlights the parameters of a new stage in the implementation of the Eurasian integration project: the establishment and strengthening of relations between the EAEU and international organizations; building bilateral relations of the EAEU with the countries of the Eurasian continent; pairing the EAEU development project and the Chinese initiative «One Belt – One Way»; the functioning of the institutional system ensuring freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor within the EAEU; pursuing agreed, coordinated and uniform industry policies by the EAEU Member States. The conclusion is substantiated that at the previous stages of the Eurasian project, the main function of the political, diplomatic, managerial, scientific, educational and humanitarian elite was the movement from ideas and political calls to the creation of existing Eurasian institutions and structures. It has been shown that the leading tendency at a new stage in the construction of Eurasian reality has been the expansion of the «composition» of elites at the expense of industry elites, that is, groups that make managerial decisions in specific sectors of the economy, which at the first stages of the implementation of the Eurasian project were not active actors of integration. At the new stage, it is they who perform the function of organizing the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor within the EAEU, the function of pursuing agreed industry policies by the EAEU member states, and also participate in the implementation of international agreements signed by the EEC.

Key words: new stage of Eurasian integration, Eurasian reality, elites, functions of elites, Eurasian Economic Union, Eurasian Economic Commission.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.014

К.К. DADASHOVA Post-graduate student of Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Foreign Ministry of RF, Moscow, Russia

EU FOREIGN POLICY ON CONFLICTS IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE: (THE SOUTH CAUCASUS COUNTRIES)

Within the framework of the provisions of intergovernmentalism and neofunctionalism, the theoretical foundations of the modern complex of European integration processes are revealed. They influence the formation of national interests, in particular, determining the degree of interest in peacekeeping. This article discusses the activities of the European Union in relation to the conflicts of the South Caucasus in the context of the key provisions of the two theories of European integration.

Key words: European Union, integration processes, peacekeeping, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, regional security, conflicts.

HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.015

A.B. GEKHT PHD, Associate professor, docent, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and region studies, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

A.V. NEROVNYJ Assistant, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, the department of history and region studies, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

T.G. POTAPENKO PHD, Associate professor, docent, The RANEPA’s North-west institute of management, the department of international relations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

FRANCE AND THE EU'S SECURITY AND DEFENSE POLICY AT THE TURN OF THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY

Deep integration became one of the most important processes that took place on the European continent in the second half of the XX century, its result was the creation of the European Union, which plays a major role in the world economy and politics. This is largely possible thanks to the complex architecture of supranational institutions that ensure the functioning of this alliance. One of the first associations that appeared during the integration of the European countries was the European Coal and Steel Association, and the article covers the main prerequisites for its appearance and stages of its creation.

Key words: European integration, European Union, European Coal and Steel Association.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.016

E.P. MAKAROV Ph.D., senior lecturer of the department Sociology, Political Science and History of the Fatherland, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia

LAND EXPANSION OF THE BRITISH COLONIAL ELITE AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE OHIO COMPANY ON THE EVE OF THE FRANCO-INDIAN WAR OF 1754-1763

The article explores the problem of the interaction of the land elite of the American colonies with the authorities of the mother country in the period preceding the start of the Franco-Indian war of 1754-1763. An important role in this matter is played by the analysis of the economic activity of local military-aristocratic clans and their participation in land development in the Ohio River Valley. A separate subject of analysis is the social ties formed in 1747-1753, between British political circles, metropolitan officials, the colonial administration of Virginia, as well as large planters and merchants. The area of interaction between the British trade, economic and military administrative groups is the expeditionary enterprise for land surveying in the Ohio River Valley and their subsequent trade through land companies. The Ohio Land Company, which played an important role in promoting British interests on the American continent, was taken as an example for analysis.

Key words: Robert Dinwiddie, French and Indian War, Seven Years' War, Ohio Company of Virginia, T. Lee, D. Washington.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.017

GEN YIJIN Рost-graduate student working for the Master degree at the Chair of the Russian language of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu province, China

LANZHOU AIR BATTLE REVIEW

In the framework of the presented study, the question of the role of Lanzhou air battle in the conflict between Japan and China in 1937-1945, as well as in World War II as a whole, was revealed. The methodological base of the study includes elements of comparative, structural and system analysis. The author concludes that the air battle for Lanzhou in 1937-1941. It should be regarded as a protracted military operation of a strategic nature, the outcome of which largely determined the overall development of events on the Sino-Japanese front. The success of the combined forces of the Chinese and Soviet Air Force made it possible to ensure the uninterrupted nature of the supply of military equipment from the USSR to China, became the key to the successful functioning of the training centers for flight personnel in Lanzhou, which ultimately made it possible to substantially level the superiority of the Japanese army in the level of technical equipment and the availability of trained personnel of aviation specialists. This entailed a partial loss by the Japanese side of strategic initiative in mainland China, which had an impact on the entire course of hostilities in the Asia-Pacific region as part of World War II.

Key words: anti-Japanese war, Lanzhou air battle, air force of China, Soviet aid to China, Japanese bombing, victims, volunteer pilots, Gansu province.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.018

A.A. DELGADO Master Student of the Department of History and Archeology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

D.D. PROKOPCHUK Master Student of the Department of International Relations, Far Eastern Federal, Vladivostok, Russia

R.A. GRITSENKO Master Student of the Department of International Relations, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

APPLICATION OF CONTENT ANALYSIS ON THE EXAMPLE OF PRESIDENTIAL MESSAGES TO THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (2014-2016)

The article presents a demonstration variant of the available method of simple content analysis using the most common computer resources of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word. For this purpose, the texts of three messages of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly (2014-2016) were used. The results of this work, firstly, show the possibilities of the latest content analysis, which can cope even a nbeginner, and secondly, identify the features and important aspects of the three Messages of the President of the Russian Federation.

Key words: content analysis, President, messages, Federal Assembly, 2014, 2015, 2016.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.019

LE LAN NGOC Undergraduate in advertising and public relations of the Russian State Social University, Undergraduate Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Department of Mass Communications, Moscow, Russia

SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A MECHANISM FOR FORMING THE IMAGE OF POLITICAL LEADERS

The peculiarity of political activity is the active involvement of the masses, which in our time is almost impossible without the use of the Internet. Since the bulk of communications has moved to social media in recent years, maintaining personal accounts for political leaders is not only a way to promote and "win" the audience, but also a tool for forming their political image. A feature of social networks is the apparent accessibility of the person who leads your page. In the mind of a person, the distance between him and the politician is significantly reduced, the level of trust in the candidate is growing.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of social networks of modern politicians on the formation of their political image.

When writing work was carried out a theoretical analysis of the literature on the role of social networking in modern society, reviewed studies of social networks of political leaders, as well as the analysis of the accounts of political figures in social media (Twitter and Facebook) and try to determine their impact on political image.

This paper examines the specificity of social networks as a communication channel, as well as the role of this specificity in the perception of politicians' activities. Some examples of the use of social networks by political figures and features of the published material are presented. The influence of politicians' activity in social networks on the image and popularity of these politicians among the population was studied. It is concluded that the activity of political figures in social networks contributes to the increase of trust and loyalty to this politician.

Key words: social networks, political image, mass media, formation of political image.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.020

К.G. DEMENIN Student of Magnitogorsk Pedagogical College, Magnitogorsk, Russia

WORK OF POLITICAL OFFICERS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

This article examines the work of the political officers during the Great Patriotic War. Among military positions, this position was one of the main ones in the management, training, and education of soldiers and sailors. The article examines the historical background of the introduction of the post of political officers, examines their activities, notes the advantages and gives a critical assessment of the activity, and provides examples of political hero officers. Summarizing the above, the author notes that the activity of political officers is no less relevant today.

Key words: political officer, political work in the Soviet Army, the Great Patriotic War, propaganda, heroism.

REFLECTIONS ON THE READ

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.58.1.021

D.Е. SLIZOVSKIY Doctor of sciences (history), Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of sciences (political sciences), Professor Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

REVIEW OF THE ARTICLE BY S. A. LANTSOV “ETHNIC TERRORISM AND ETHNO-POLITICAL CONFLICTS IN THE XIX-XX CENTURIES: ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-POLITICAL FACTORS”

The review analyzes the relevance and elaboration of the problem of ethnic terrorism and ethno-political conflicts. Based on the materials presented by the author of the article and recent political events, the reviewers come to the conclusion that the problem under study is extremely relevant and has a great scientific novelty.

Key words: ethnic separatism, ethnic terrorism, ethno-political conflict, socio-political factors.