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OUR AUTHORS

ABUKIN D.M. – Chairman of the Local Public Organization "National Cultural Autonomy of the Tatars of the City of Tyumen "Sebertatarlar" (Siberian Tatars), Tyumen, Russia.

AMIANTOV A.A. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of State and Municipal management, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.

ANTONOV E.N. – Senior lecturer, Department of communication technologies and public relations, St. Petersburg State University of Economics, St. Petersburg, Russia.

BOLTENKOVA L.F. – Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor at the Institute of public administration and management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.

CHEN YANTING – Post-graduate Student, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, HSE, Moscow, Russia.

DEMIDOV A.V. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Independent Expert, Russia, Moscow.

DOBRYNINA M.V. – Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor at the Chair of economics, management and finance, Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia.

DUDAEVA M.V. – Specialist of the Scientific Department of the European Commision under Democracy through Law (Venice Comission), PhD student at MGIMO-University, Moscow, Russia.

KARAUZ Yu.D. – Post-graduate student, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan.

KOSTRIKOV S.P. – Doctor of history, Professor, Moscow State University of management, Department of history and political science, Moscow, Russia.

KURBONOVA Z.M. – Candidate of political sciences, Doctoral candidate of Philosophy, Political Science and Law named after A. Bahouddinov, AS RT, Associated Professor of the TSUC, World Economy & IR Department, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan.

MALYUSHIN M.A. – Post-graduate student, Voronezh Institute of Economics and Social Management», Voronezh, Russia.

MILITONYAN A.S. – Graduate student, Saint Petersburg University, faculty of Political studies, department of international political processes, St. Petersburg, Russia.

NAZAROV A.D. – Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor at the Chair of advertising and public relations of the Institute of foreign languages of the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (MAI), Moscow, Russia.

ORESHIN S.A. – Candidate of historical sciences, research associate, Institute of ethnology and anthropology of N.N. Miklukho-Maclay of RAS, Moscow, Russia.

PANCHENKO Ya.K. – Student master's degrees in the history of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigoryevich and Nikolay Grigoryevich Stoletov, Vladimir, Russia.

SABANIN S.A. – PhD in Geography, Associate Professor, Department of Geoecology and management of natural resources, Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia.

SHAGBANOVA H.S. – Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Foreign Languages and Humanitarian Training of the Internal Affairs Bodies, Tyumen Institute for Advanced Studies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Tyumen, Russia.

TATAROV R.A. – Post-graduate Student, Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Institute of Public Administration, Law and Social Sciences and Humanities, PSU T.G. Shevchenko, Tiraspol, Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.

ZHANG XINXIN – Post-graduate, Department of History of Russian Statehood, historical sciences and archeology, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.

ZORIN V.Yu. – Doctor of political sciences, professor, chief researcher, Institute of ethnology and anthropology of N.N. Miklukho-Maclay RAS, Moscow, Russia.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 9. Issue 9 (54), 2019.

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Kostrikov S.P. Events of 1903 in Macedonia and Old Serbia in the Pages of the Magazine "Niva"
• Shagbanova H.S., Abukin D.M. Memorial Policy (Memory Policy) as a Resource of Strategic Development Siberian Tatars
• Karauz Yu.D. Nargin Island as one of the Main Captive Camps in the Caucasus During World War I
• Malyushin M.A. Phenomenon of the Ural Republic as One of the Key Moments of the “Parade of Sovereignties” of the 90s of the XX Century: Background, Development and Impact
• Panchenko Ya.K. Methods of Prevention and Restoration of the Medieval Defensive Earthworks in the Urban Environment

THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL HISTORY

• Boltenkova L.F. Scientific and Biblical Understanding of Some Terms in the Field of State National Policy
• Demidov A.V. About Prospects for Folding the Condition in the Modern Russian Society

POLITICAL REGIONAL STUDIES AND ETHNOPOLITICS

• Sabanin S.A. Russia – XXI Century: Goals and Objectives, Place and Importance of Social Geography in the Development of the Modern Economy of the State

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Dobrynina M.V. France Policy Regarding Engineering Education: Rational Experience for Russia
• Amiantov A.A. Reasons for Municipal Reform in the Russian Federation (Based on Materials from the Moscow Region)
• Tatarov R.A. Features of the State Building of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic

POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY

• Antonov E.N. Structural Transformation of Representatives of Cultural Educational Elite Transition Russia

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

• Zorin V.Yu., Oreshin S.A. Experience of Peaceful Settlement of the Chechen Conflict in 1995-1996: Achievements and Miscalculations (Part Two)
• Kurbonova Z.M. Role of Mediation in the Settlement of Political Conflicts

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD

• Dudaeva M.V. European Union Supranational Political Elite: Path of Developments and Main Threats to its Integration
• Chen Yanting India and the One Belt, One Road Initiative
• Militonyan A.S. Ethnopolitical Conflicts in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: A Comparative Analysis

HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY

• Zhang Xinxin General Assessments of the Chinese Press on the Activities of Soviet Leaders

REVIEWS

Nazarov A.D. On the Threshold of a New Space Age. Review of Stephen Petranek's Book “How We Will Live on Mars” / Translated from English by A. Kuryshev. M.: Publishing House AST: Corpus, 2016, P. 218

Our authors № 9-2019

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

S.P. KOSTRIKOV Doctor of history, Professor, Moscow State University of management, Department of history and political science, Moscow, Russia

EVENTS OF 1903 IN MACEDONIA AND OLD SERBIA IN THE PAGES OF THE MAGAZINE "NIVA"

The article deals with the materials of one of the most popular magazines of pre-revolutionary Russia – "Niva", devoted to the acute political crisis of 1903 in the European possessions of the Ottoman Empire – Macedonia and Old Serbia. The aim of the research is to identify the importance of publications in the journal on this issue as a source for the study of the current political circumstances, as well as the impact of published materials on Russian public opinion.

Key words: Russian pre-revolutionary press, magazine "Niva", Ilinden uprising of 1903, Macedonia, Old Serbia, Balkans, Eastern question.

H.S. SHAGBANOVA Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Foreign Languages and Humanitarian Training of the Internal Affairs Bodies, Tyumen Institute for Advanced Studies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Tyumen, Russia

D.M. ABUKIN Chairman of the Local Public Organization "National Cultural Autonomy of the Tatars of the City of Tyumen "Sebertatarlar" (Siberian Tatars), Tyumen, Russia

MEMORIAL POLICY (MEMORY POLICY) AS A RESOURCE OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT SIBERIAN TATARS

The presented study is devoted to the study of the politics of memory as a resource for the strategic development of the ethnos of the Siberian Tatars. The methodology of this study includes a method of descriptive (or descriptive analysis), which allows to characterize the memorial policy in relation to the Siberian Tatars in a specific time period, to reliably and comprehensively present the situation in the field of the revival of their historical and cultural heritage. In addition, we used the case study method, which allows us to study memorial politics that contribute to the development of Siberian Tatars as a complex social phenomenon. This method is of particular importance in the framework of this study, since it is, to a certain extent, historical-ethnographic, and the case study allows you to record the informational, social and cultural characteristics of this people. The study of the policy of memory in relation to the Siberian Tatars allowed us to conclude that there are two lines of its implementation. The first of them is associated with the strengthening of the Tatar identity, with the recognition by the Siberian Tatars of themselves as part of a single Tatar nationality, and the second with the updating of their uniqueness and identity as one of the peoples of Siberia.

Key words: Siberian Tatars, memorial politics, politics of memory, Tatar nation, Tatar ethnic group, identity.

Yu.D. KARAUZ Post-graduate student, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan

NARGIN ISLAND AS ONE OF THE MAIN CAPTİVE CAMPS IN THE CAUCASUS DURING WORLD WAR I

As it is known, during World War I, one of the fronts in the bloody battles was the Caucasus Front. During the war between Tsarist Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the battles on this front, a large number of Turkish soldiers and officers were captured by Russians. Some of them were sent to captivity camps located in the central cities and provinces of Russia. The other part was kept in Nargin captive camp, which was established in Azerbaijan.

Key words: war, captive, Turk, Caucasus, island Nargin.

M.A. MALYUSHIN Post-graduate student, Voronezh Institute of Economics and Social Management», Voronezh, Russia

PHENOMENON OF THE URAL REPUBLIC AS ONE OF THE KEY MOMENTS OF THE “PARADE OF SOVEREIGNTIES” OF THE 90S OF THE XX CENTURY: BACKGROUND, DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT

The article discusses the “unrecognized,” “self-proclaimed” republics in the context of national security and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation. The article considers the phenomenon of the Ural Republic, the reasons that led to its emergence and termination, and possible prospects for its recovery. Analyzing the opinions of participants of those events and the events taking place now, the author makes an attempt to assess and perspective of the development of the idea of the Ural Republic and its impact on the territorial integrity of our country.

Key words: power, state, international recognition, unrecognized states, political system, Mr. Rossel, social states, sovereignty, territorial integrity, Ural Republic.

Ya.K. PANCHENKO student master's degrees in the history of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigoryevich and Nikolay GrigoryevichStoletov, Vladimir, Russia

METHODS OF PREVENTION AND RESTORATION OF THE MEDIEVAL DEFENSIVE EARTHWORKS IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

The paper presents the conservation of earthworks. The factors that affect their destruction are analyzed in detail. The article deals with the main types of damage and destruction of defensive ramparts, which were built in the middle ages in Central Russia for the purpose of urban defense. The author pays special attention to the problem of the whole complex of the main causes of damage and destruction, as well as the nature and intensity of the flow, external manifestations. To isolate the classifications of damage and destruction , the main causes, nature and intensity of the flow were analyzed. Main reasons: erosion of slopes, sprawling mounds splavy, deep, spring pucinni sags, solifluction, subsidence of the embankment as the result of squeezing to the sides and bulging the soft soil, dip and failures of the embankment weak Foundation soil, the embankment subsidence due to compaction of the Foundation, the activities of burrowing animals, the use of anti-icing agents. Methods of prevention and recovery of each type of damage were also proposed. In conclusion, the author concludes that in order to preserve for future generations historically important object defensive earthworks from further destruction need to know what kind of destruction caused to him, the reasons for its appearance, as well as how to eliminate these destructions. And in order not to happen further collapse of the defensive earthworks need prevention. Only in this way can be saved from further destruction and loss of defensive earthworks.

Key word: еarthworks, the classification of the destruction of the earthworks, methods of preserving the earthworks.

THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL HISTORY

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor at the Institute of public administration and management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

SCIENTIFIC AND BIBLICAL UNDERSTANDING OF SOME TERMS IN THE FIELD OF STATE NATIONAL POLICY

On the basis of comparative analysis of the Russian normative legal acts and the Bible, the author comes to the conclusion that the main group of terms from the field of state national policy is present in the Old and New Testaments of our Lord. The principle of national and social equality is also formulated there, although in a peculiar way. Following the Bible, we can assume that from the same root (same mother) different tribes (nations) can originate. The Bible also shows that in the Heaven God will have one people not on the basis of the language or nationality and on the basis of the observance of God’s Commandments on Earth.

Key words: God, Bible, Commandments, Old Testament, New Testament, Jesus Christ, Constitution of the Russian Federation, race, tribe, people, Russian people.

A.V. DEMIDOV Candidate of Political Sciences, independent expert, Moscow, Russia

ABOUT PROSPECTS FOR FOLDING THE CONDITION IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY

The author analizes the hidden processes aimed at setting up the estate society in Russia and thus eliminating the equal opportunities society that existed in the Soviet Union.

Key words: estates, classes, privilges, executable functions, class nature of a society, equal rights, education, institualization of classes, social elevators, government officials, clergy.

POLITICAL REGIONAL STUDIES AND ETHNOPOLITICS

S.A. SABANIN PhD in Geography, Associate Professor, Department of Geoecology and management of natural resources, Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia

RUSSIA – XXI CENTURY: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES, PLACE AND IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN ECONOMY OF THE STATE

This article reveals the goals and objectives, place and importance of social geography in solving modern problems of development of the state and corporate economy of countries and regions of the world. The main attention is focused on the fact that in geographical science the most dynamically developing "humanitarian" direction of scientific research, contacting on the principles of synergetic paradigm with such disciplines as – political science, philosophy and Economics. It is natural that the anthology of social geography, for example, – taking into account geopolitical, geoeconomics and/or geoecological features of the development of world human civilization – States qualitative and quantitative changes in methods, models and strategies of scientific research. Thus, "apriori" in the work is interpreted regularities and features of the development of the social geography, creating, in the opinion of the author, for the development of future scientific and educational discipline innovative methodical and methodological support.

Key words: social geography, methodic and methodology, "Universe", "Oikumena", "Orbis terrarium", "Celestial empire", geographical space, time cycles, territorial social system, development of world human civilization.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

М.V. DOBRYNINA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor at the Chair of economics, management and finance, Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia

FRANCE POLICY REGARDING ENGINEERING EDUCATION: RATIONAL EXPERIENCE FOR RUSSIA

In this article the author analyzes the features of French policy in relation to engineering education. These include: state paternalism; democracy; priority of state and secular tasks over the military; science orientation; centralization of education management. Notes that they have not actually changed since the first French Republic. Characterizes the French policy on engineering education as effective in terms of meeting the needs of the state and society in qualified engineering personnel. The author assesses as a promising opportunity to appeal to the rational experience of France in order to apply its elements in the modernization of the Russian education system.

Key words: engineering education, public policy, the Great French revolution, state paternalism, democracy, liberalism.

A.A. AMIANTOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of State and Municipal management, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

REASONS FOR MUNICIPAL REFORM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE MOSCOW REGION)

This study is devoted to the study of the reasons for the municipal reform in modern Russia. As a specific case study, the experience gained in the process of implementing local government reform in the Moscow Region is used. The methodology of work combines elements of descriptive analysis with case study. The author concludes that the reasons for the reform were complex. On the one hand, the need for reforms was caused by the financial insolvency of a significant part of the municipalities of the primary level. On the other hand, the regional leadership was interested in strengthening control over the municipal elites, and big business was interested in reducing the number of approval procedures as part of the implementation of large-scale projects. At the same time, objective factors related to the growth of debt and the subsidized nature of budgets in a substantial part of primary-level municipalities had a priority value.

Key words: municipal reform, local self-government, Moscow region, association of municipalities, urban districts.

R.A. TATAROV postgraduate Student, Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Institute of Public Administration, Law and Social Sciences and Humanities, PSU T.G. Shevchenko, Tiraspol, Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic

FEATURES OF THE STATE BUILDING OF THE PRIDNESTROVIAN MOLDAVIAN REPUBLIC

The article discusses the historical and political-legal bases of formation of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic in the light of changing realities. State-building in Pridnestrovie dates back to the formation of a separate Republic within the USSR. This was preceded by preconditions of a political nature, reflected in the emergence in the political arena of the new nationalist political forces and prerequisites to economic and social nature which reflects a systemic crisis in the Soviet Union. In these conditions it was obtained the formation of a system of population protection from radical, mostly against Russian-speaking citizens, proponents of the idea of a sovereign state, by entering the Moldovan SSR from the USSR. The process of identifying the main trends of state-building in Pridnestrovie in the period 1991-2018 he appears to be the effect of a litmus paper, reflecting the maturity and legitimacy of the activities of government institutions, reflects the nature of the Pridnestrovian political process.

Key words: USSR, Prindnestrovie, Moldavian SSR, disintegration, independence, state building, Republic of Moldova.

POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY

E.N. ANTONOV Senior lecturer, Department of communication technologies and public relations St. Petersburg State University of Economics, St. Petersburg, Russia

STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF REPRESENTATIVES OF CULTURAL EDUCATIONAL ELITE TRANSITION RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the study of the cultural and educational elite of “transitional” Russia and its typology, which allows its research to be carried out taking into account forecasts regarding the development of the situation not only in St. Petersburg and Moscow, but throughout the country. An analysis of the category related to the cultural and educational elite makes it possible to influence the adoption of political decisions, as well as draw up a qualitative profile of a number of typical cases of cultural and educational education. Capital and its conversion in transition. An interesting solution is considered that affects representatives of the cultural and educational elite who are simultaneously in two spaces: political and cultural. We have cultural capital and those who have the right to a valid position in political decision-making. The article presents the results of studies talking about the main differences between the cultural and educational elite from other sphere-professional groups. Representatives of the cultural and educational elite take a proactive position – they seek to transform the political system that has developed in the city or the whole country, and outline a new development vector.

Key words: elites, power, political system, cultural and educational elite.

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

V.Yu. ZORIN doctor of political sciences, professor, chief researcher, Institute of ethnology and anthropology of N.N. Miklukho-Maclay RAS, Moscow, Russia

S.A. ORESHIN candidate of historical sciences, research associate, Institute of ethnology and anthropology of N.N. Miklukho-Maclay of RAS, Moscow, Russia

EXPERIENCE OF PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF THE CHECHEN CONFLICT IN 1995-1996: ACHIEVEMENTS AND MISCALCULATIONS (PART TWO)

The second part of the article describes the attempts to find a peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in the Chechen Republic in 1996. During this period, the situation in the region remained volatile. Different government structures, including The Ministry of the Russian Federation for nationalities and regional policy; Russian State Duma Committee on affairs of nationalities; Federation Council were involved in activities for development of ways of an achievement of peace. Group of assistance of OSCE played the big role in negotiation process.

Carrying out in May 1996, negotiations in Moscow between top-level conflicting parties became great success in achievement of a political solution to the conflict. The reached agreements gave the chance to transfer the armed opposition to a bed of constructive dialogue. The most considerable achievements, which allowed approaching an achievement of peace in Chechnya the Nazran protocols of June 10, 1996. They mentioned a wide range of military, political and humanitarian issues and represented some kind of "road map" on recovery from the crisis. However, for a variety of reasons the chance to settle contradictions based on compromises was missed. The Khasavyurt agreements of 1996 only transferred the conflict to a latent phase, without having removed those causes and contradictions that caused war.

Nevertheless, the authors believe that the anti-crisis experience of a peaceful settlement of the conflict in Chechnya in the 1990s has not lost its relevance, and positive practices of organizing and conducting the negotiation process can be used at present in the search for a solution to topical ethnopolitical conflicts.

Key words: Russian Federation, Chechen Republic, The First Chechen war, ethnopolitical conflict, peaceful settlement, negotiation process, Moscow negotiations of 1996, Nazran protocols of 1996, Khasavyurt agreements of 1996.

Z.M. KURBONOVA candidate of political sciences, Doctoral candidate of Philosophy, Political Science and Law named after A. Bahouddinov, AS RT, Associated Professor of the TSUC, World Economy & IR Department, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan

ROLE OF MEDIATION IN THE SETTLEMENT OF POLITICAL CONFLICTS

From the experience of conflict resolution, it is becoming more and more obvious that the power solutions are only temporary and very expensive. As for judicial methods, there are evidently much more conflicts than it is possible to regulate, applying various laws, instructions or any conventional rules. That is why the possibility of conflict resolution through other, more civilized and less expensive methods is lately discussed more and more widely.

Key words: mediation, disputes, conflicts, dispute and conflict resolution.

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD

M.V. DUDAEVA Specialist of the Scientific Department of the European Commision under Democracy through Law (Venice Comission), PhD student at MGIMO-University, Moscow, Russia

EUROPEAN UNION SUPRANATIONAL POLITICAL ELITE: PATH OF DEVELOPMENTS AND MAIN THREATS TO ITS INTEGRATION

The research is based on the elite-centered approach which shows the contractual nature of the European unification as a system of treaties and puts elites in a crucial role. The author does not negate the role of non-elites in the integration process, because the general population can change dramatically the course of history in some periods. However this approach is mostly driven by the idea that the process of the European unification is based on self-interest of elites who enjoy their full power in executing European Union policy. Furthermore, the author tries to answer the question if the European Union moves forward in its integration process. It is concluded that many threats to its integration are arising nowadays, namely conceptualization of nationalism in the European Union member states as a threat to a cohesive European Union, separatist movements, economic and social differences among the European Union member states, the elites’ perception of negative effects of globalization on welfare and others.

Key words: political elites, integration, Brexit, European Union, nationlism, political separatism, immigration.

CHEN YANTING Post-graduate Student, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, HSE, Moscow, Russia

INDIA AND THE ONE BELT, ONE ROAD INITIATIVE

When Chinese President XI Jinping visited Central and South-East Asia in September-October 2013, he proposed the joint building of the silk road of the Economic belt and the Maritime silk road of the 21st century (hereinafter referred to as "One Belt, One Road"). Thus he attracted the attention of the world. India should become an important player in the implementation of this initiative. The article briefly describes the main activities of India in the project “One Belt, One Road,” and the attitude of various Indian interest groups in the initiative.

Key words: the initiative "One Belt, One Road", the government, India, response measures, implementation activities.

A.S. MILITONYAN graduate student, Saint Petersburg University, faculty of Political studies, department of international political processes, St. Petersburg, Russia

ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICTS IN NAGORNO-KARABAKH, ABKHAZIA, AND SOUTH OSSETIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The article studies ethnopolitical conflicts in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The main goal of the article is to identify the similarities and differences of conflicts from one region with the method of a comparative analysis. The study identifies the causes and historical events that have changed the nature of the conflicts from socioeconomic to ethnopolitical.

Key words: ethnopolitical conflict, conflict of Nagorno-Karabakh, relations of Georgia and Abkhazia, conflict in South Ossetia, Theoretical approaches to ethnic conflicts, historical prerequisites of conflicts, Perestroika.

HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY

ZHANG XINXIN Post-graduate, Department of History of Russian Statehood, historical sciences and archeology, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

GENERAL ASSESSMENTS OF THE CHINESE PRESS ON THE ACTIVITIES OF SOVIET LEADERS

The article is devoted to the main results of evaluations of the activities of Soviet leaders in the Chinese press during the Gorbachev reform. After coming to power Gorbachev during the implementation of economic policy, the position of the Chinese press was positive, China had high hopes for Soviet reform. Prior to the failure of economic reforms, Chinese leaders and people were very hopeful of the success of Gorbachev's reforms, which were highly praised in leading Chinese publications and other central journals. The successes of the Soviet reform certainly served as a good example and experiments for the further construction of Chinese socialism. After the Soviet Union moved from economic to political reforms, the position of the Chinese press became neutral, and in the final period of the USSR, China even expressed concern about the failed Soviet reforms. The paper identifies three major problems - economic (especially agricultural) difficulties, personnel shifts and changes in foreign policy with world countries, which attracted more attention of the Chinese press in the process of Soviet reform. This work especially analyzed how the assessments of the Chinese press on Soviet domestic and foreign policies changed with the deepening of Gorbachev’s reform. The main reason for the change in the Chinese press to the Soviet reform is that the Chinese leaders did not have a unified position on political reform. Therefore, it is difficult to find appropriate assessments of the political reforms being carried out by the Soviet Union. The sources include the newspapers Renmin Ribao, Guangming Ribao, Xinhua Ribao and Chinese Youth Newspaper.

Key words: activities of Soviet leaders, assessments of the Chinese press, economic reform, personnel reshuffle, Sino-Soviet relations, Chinese media.

REVIEWS

A.D. NAZAROV Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor at the Chair of advertising and public relations of the Institute of foreign languages of the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (MAI), Moscow, Russia

ON THE THRESHOLD OF A NEW SPACE AGE

REVIEW OF STEPHEN PETRANEK'S BOOK “HOW WE WILL LIVE ON MARS” /TRANSLATED FROM ENGLISH BY A. KURYSHEV. M.: PUBLISHING HOUSE AST: CORPUS, 2016, P. 218

This article is a review of the book by a prominent writer, scientific journalist and specialist in the field of technological processes Stephen Petranek “How we will live on Mars,” in which the author by studying the dominating trends in the world outer space development practice, offers a “road map” of the processes of formation on the Red planet of permanent population, of the launch of the terraforming processes in order to gradually bring its physical and climatic parameters to the earth level.

The reviewed book, argues that the creation of the Martian colonies of the earthmen will be a kind of an insurance policy for all the humanity in an environment in case of a real threat to earth life from environmental destruction, collision with a huge asteroid or a nuclear war. At the same time, he warns the humanity against the problems it is facing: it has to learn to balance between the necessity and the greed, believing that the race for the material resources, can easily result in the destruction of the environment, destruction of the valuable material for the scientific research. At the same time, he is optimistic that if everything is done correctly, the potential benefits that humanity will receive in the future will amaze our imagination.

It is important to note that the book by S. Petranek is made at the high professional and quality level, is well structured, and despite the specificity of the topic, turns out to be interesting and useful. It reads easily and fascinatingly. It can be recommended for the use in the work of Russian scientists, teachers and journalists. The book has its own readers, as evidenced by its high Internet survey rating.

Key words: Space race, Mars project, life on planet Mars, private space companies, new gold rush, danger of militarization of the outer space, Elon Musk.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 9. Issue 8 (53), 2019.

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Boltenkova L.F. Russian Roots in Crimea
• Vlasov V.I. Russian History in the Context of the Creator's Will (Invitation to Discussion)
• Nazarov A.D. State Tsarist Russia’s Policy of Discrimination and Forced Resettlement of Aliens During the First World War (On the Materials of Domestic and Foreign Publications)
• Ushmaeva K.A., Doroshenko D.L. The Social Protection of Motherhood and Childhood in the 1930s: The Problem of Child Homelessness
• Shalaeva T.M. Economic Activity of the Peoples of the Caucasus in the Light of Cultural Ethnocentrism
• Ananchenko A.B. The Establishment of One-Party System in the Soviet State: 1917-1928 Years
• Olshanskaya L.V. Moscow Commercial Court: Historical Sketch
• Kucherov M.S. State-Church Relations in the 1940s-1980s on the Example of Kurgan Eparchy
• Pavlova A.N. The Party “Moors and Christians”: Traditions and Current State
• Rupich M.V. Counterintelligence Provision of Units and Formations of the Red Army in the Far East in the 1920s.

THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL HISTORY

• Gritsenko R.A., Prokopchuk D.D. Institutionalization of Political Parties of Modern Russia

POLITICAL REGIONAL STUDIES AND ETHNOPOLITICS

• Dubrovina O.V., Salamov R.R. Experience of International and Foreign Economic Connections of Novosibirsk Oblast
• Sabirova E.N. Ethnosocial Aspects of the Development of the Jewish People in Bashkortostan

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Petrov D.Yu. Political Communication in Conditions of Modern Development of Information Technologies

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

• Zorin V.Yu., Oreshin S.A. Experience of Peaceful Settlement of the Chechen Conflict in 1995-1996: Achievements and Miscalculations (Part One)
• Ermachenkova V.D. Influence of the "Crimean Question" on the Political Relations of Ukraine with Russia

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD

• Martynenko E.V., Taran I.A. Analysis of German Regional Periodicals in the Context of the Migration Issue
• Zaytseva E.A., Korovina E.V., Trofimova Yu.V. Problems and Prospects of Cooperation Between Russia and NATO in the XXI Century
• Dolaeva F.K. The Role of Strategic Communications in Modern US Foreign Policy
• Zemskova A.Yu. The Prospect of Ukraine's European Integration after the Crisis of 2014
• Strochkova O.O. Ukraine's Participation in the Program «Eastern Partnership»: the Position of Russia and the EU

HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY

• Hossein Mohannad The Development of Cultural Cooperation Between Russia and the Countries of the Middle East in 1990-2000-ies: an Institutional Aspect

REVIEWS

Ivanova M.G., Moseikina M.N., Slizovskiy D.E. Review of the Article by L.F. Boltenkova and N.P. Medvedev «Ethnic Component in the Political Relations of Ancient Russia» Published in the Journal «Issues of National and Federative Relations». 2019. Т. 9. № 6 (51)

Our authors № 8-2019

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor at the Institute of public administration and management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN ROOTS IN CRIMEA

The article, albeit briefly, but clearly traces historical connection of the territories forming modern Russia: Crimea, the North Caucasus, the Volga region, Siberia, etc since the period before BC. Russian roots are traced historically and naturally appear in the Crimea even in the period prior to Kiev Rus, they strengthened during the Kiev period of the Ancient Russian state. Due to the loss by Kiev of its sovereignty and its entry into the Lithuanian-Polish state, Russian ties with Crimea were historically and successively carried out by North-Eastern Russia (Moscow). Although the main form of communication was «attack – defense», but it forged the victory of Russia (Moscow) at the cost of enormous casualties.

Key words: Crimea, Russia, «Scythia», Khazar khanate, Byzantium, Tmutarakan Principality, Chersonese (Kherson), Moscow.

V.I. VLASOV Doctor of Law, Professor, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN HISTORY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CREATOR'S WILL (INVITATION TO DISCUSSION)

The article, based on the analysis of scientific and religious sources, shows the close interdependence of the attitude of the subjects of Russian history to the Orthodox faith and the results of their earthly activities. Faith in God and prayer to him led to a positive outcome of any case for the benefit of our Fatherland (Russia).

Key words: Russian history, Creator's (God's) Providence, Alexander Nevsky, Dmitri Donskoy, Church, Russian people, prayer, spirit of the Russian people.

A.D. NAZAROV Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor at the Chair of advertising and public relations of the Institute of foreign languages of the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (MAI), Moscow, Russia

STATE TSARIST RUSSIA’S POLICY OF DISCRIMINATION AND FORCED RESETTLEMENT OF ALIENS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR (ON THE MATERIALS OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN PUBLICATIONS)

In his article, the author, involving extensive factual material that appeared in the years after the centenary of the First World War, touches on a little-studied topic of the policy of Tsarist Russia in respect of the so-called aliens, especially Germans, Jews, Austrians, Hungarians, and Poles, discriminated against and forcibly deported, as well as refugees and immigrants of other nationalities from the frontline territories, left without means to survival due to the unrestricted arbitrariness of the military and civilian authorities. Whith regard to the policy of repression, ill-treatment and other actions, both in respect of their own alien population and residents of the occupied territories, clearly manifested during the First World War, it should be noted that the world community has not developed effective humane comprehensive approach to neutralize this vicious practice. It was vividly confirmed two decades later in an even bloodier and more brutal Second World War and continued in the post-war era, sometimes echoing in the military conflicts of the XXI century.

Key words: First World War, aliens, «stripping» front-line areas, waves of refugees, war as a national catastrophe, xenophobia.

K.A. USHMAEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of historical disciplines and methods of teaching of the Stavropol state pedagogical Institute, Professor of the Department of Administrative Law and Administrative Activity of the Stavropol Branch of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Stavropol, Russia

D.L. DOROSHENKO graduate student of the Department of Historical Disciplines and Methods of Teaching, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

THE SOCIAL PROTECTION OF MOTHERHOOD AND CHILDHOOD IN THE 1930S: THE PROBLEM OF CHILD HOMELESSNESS

In modern conditions, despite the declared worldwide priority of family education, many more children are left without family care – in orphanages. Studying the evolution of social policy in relation to motherhood and childhood in the early Soviet period will allow us to see the roots of modern problems and come closer to solving them. Children's homelessness has become one of the social phenomena since the first years of Soviet power. Social cataclysms, on the one hand, and the state’s conscious destruction of the institution of the family in the 1920s, on the other, increased the number of street children from year to year. An analysis of the documents of the state archive of the Stavropol Territory showed that, despite the official statement on the elimination of homelessness, this problem remains relevant for the whole decade of the 1930s. The disorder of life in orphanages, the indifference of government officials to the fate of children left without parents, the criminalization of children's institutions are signs of the 1930s. As the ideologization of society in all directions intensified, the problem of homelessness was resolved more formally by the end of the 1930s – by strengthening educational measures and the preventive work of the local party cell.

Key words: motherhood, childhood, social protection, street children.

T.M. SHALAEVA Doctor of Sciences (history), chief researcher, Ethnology Department, Institute of humanitarian research of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Russia

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE PEOPLES OF THE CAUCASUS IN THE LIGHT OF CULTURAL ETHNOCENTRISM

Proponents of ethnocentrism appreciate the culture of one ethnic group as the universal standard (William Sumner, Ludwig Gumplovicz) when other ethnic groups can view it as disrespectful to their culture. In the other direction, denying the ethnocentrism – cultural relativism (Boas F.) acknowledges each culture's unique values. This is also difficult to agree with. They are right when they consider the culture of each ethnic group unique. However, the uniqueness of the culture of one ethnic group may not always be unique for another ethnic group, and from this point of view, it is not possible to refer to the system of universal values. National culture can have both local and regional coloring.

Key words: activity, ethnocentrism, culture, economy, nation.

A.B. ANANCHENKO candidate of history, head of the Department of modern national history, Director of the Institute of history and policy, Moscow, Russia

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ONE-PARTY SYSTEM IN THE SOVIET STATE: 1917-1928 YEARS

The article deals with the essence of the Soviet political system that formed after 1917. The ratio of multi-party and one-party as its stages of formation is considered. The problem of the chronological boundaries of the Soviet multi-party system, the formation of a new political system and the Soviet political revolution is raised. 1928 is estimated as the upper border of the Soviet multi-party system with the termination of the activities of the Jewish Communist workers ' party "Poalei Zion".

Key words: power, political system, state, one-party system, multiparty system, revolution, political revolution.

L.V. OLSHANSKAYA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of International Relations and the Geopolitics of Transport Institute of International Transport Communications Russian University of Transport RTH (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

MOSCOW COMMERCIAL COURT: HISTORICAL SKETCH

In this article, the author considers the emergence of the institution of commercial courts in the Russian Empire to resolve trade disputes. Particularly, the author considers the establishment of the Moscow Commercial Court at the beginning of the 19th century as an important link in the development of trade relations in the Moscow province. The role of prominent figures of the Russian Empire, their contribution to the development and improvement of commercial litigation is analyzed, their professional biographies are being reconstructed. The article formulates conclusions about the importance of merchant ships for this region, about the undoubted need of the region for commercial justice for the successful development of economic relations.

Key words: commercial courts, economic development, the establishment of commercial courts, Moscow province, members of the court, salary, material support of a commercial court.

M.S. KUCHEROV post-graduate student of the Moscow Theological Academy, Archpriest, Rector of the Holy Trinity Church of Kurgan, Head of the diocesan Department of religious education and catechism, Kurgan, Russia

STATE-CHURCH RELATIONS IN THE 1940S-1980S ON THE EXAMPLE OF KURGAN EPARCHY

The article covers the 70-year period of the history of education and development of the Kurgan diocese. For the first time it raises the question of formation of the diocese in Kurgan in 1945, and its independent existence until 1958, it discusses the features of the diocesan administration in the Soviet period. The modern period reveals the stage of revival of the diocesan structural unit in the Kurgan region and its further transformation into the metropolis.

Key words: Russian Orthodox Church, diocese of Kurgan, Kurgan Archdiocese, deanery, diocesan administration, Church-state relations.

A.N. PAVLOVA International Institute of Linguistics and Humanities, Departament of Foreign Languages, Moscow, Russia

THE PARTY “MOORS AND CHRISTIANS”: TRADITIONS AND CURRENT STATE

Based on studying the elements of the holiday culture of Spain, the peculiarities of ethnic development of that country are derived. It is shown that the holiday culture is not only the source of studying the fundamentals of non-material culture, but also contains an important political and social information. The party, which is called the Moors and Christians is considered and analyzed deliberately. The evolution of this party, since the moment of its formation till nowadays, is presented. The peculiarities of conducting ritual processions, battles and culmination moments of this party are considered. The peculiarities of modern traditions of conducting this party, implying the equal participation of women together with the men in the party processions and battles, are derived. It is shown that together with keeping the traditions of holding this party several modifications of its separate elements take part, which is determined by the peculiarities of modern political and social development of Spain.

Key words: ethnology, social anthropology, holiday culture, Spain, moors and Christians, the Valensian community, non-material culture.

M.V. RUPICH Graduate student of the Pacific State University in Khabarovsk, Khabarovsk, Russia

COUNTERINTELLIGENCE PROVISION OF UNITS AND FORMATIONS OF THE RED ARMY IN THE FAR EAST IN THE 1920S.

The article describes the activities of the Soviet military counterintelligence bodies to ensure the security of the Red Army in the Far East. On the basis of archival materials the author shows the main directions of counterintelligence work of special units of GPU.

Key words: red Army, counterintelligence provision, special departments, special Far Eastern Army.

THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL HISTORY

R.A. GRITSENKO Master Student of the Department of International Relations, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

D.D. PROKOPCHUK Master Student of the Department of International Relations, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES OF MODERN RUSSIA

An important element in the formation of a full-fledged civil society is the development of the party system and political parties. The institutionalization of parties is manifested in the process of increasing the importance of parties within the state, obtaining and strengthening their positions and a certain stability. In the modern world, the party system is an integral basic element of the political system as a whole.

The political field of modern Russia began to take shape in the early 90s of the XX century, which was directly related to various ideological divisions. One of these divisions was the denial of the monopoly of the Communist Party in the state, which proclaimed the principles of both political and ideological pluralism. The fact of the emergence of a multi-party system after the seventy-year dominance of one party in the political sphere is already a significant difference between old politics and new ones. That is why there is a need to analyze the modern institution of political parties in Russia in order to assess the degree of institutionalization in the state, as well as evaluate the effectiveness of the existing party system in the country. This article will examine the main indicators that reflect the level of party institutionalization in modern Russia.

Key words: institutionalization, political system, political parties, parliamentarism, political institutions, political and legal institute, political power, state, political elite, electorate.

POLITICAL REGIONAL STUDIES AND ETHNOPOLITICS

O.V. DUBROVINA Dr.Sci. (Pol.Sci.), Professor, Chancellor of the Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies, Novosibirsk, Russia

R.R. SALAMOV postgraduate student of the Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies, Novosibirsk, Russia

EXPERIENCE OF INTERNATIONAL AND FOREIGN ECONOMIC CONNECTIONS OF NOVOSIBIRSK OBLAST

This article focuses on the experience of international and foreign economic connections of Novosibirsk Oblast. The main purpose of the article is an analysis of the features of economic paradiplomacy of the Russian Federation’s regions in the case of Novosibirsk Oblast. The main research methods used in this study are analysis and synthesis, systems approach, institutional method, structure functional analysis, event analysis. The study also reveals ongoing experience of economic paradiplomacy of Novosibirsk Oblast during the period from 2017 to 2018. Moreover, this article aims to define priority direction, forms and areas of international cooperation of the region.

Key words: Russian Federation, Siberian Federal District, Novosibirsk Oblast, federalism, paradiplomacy, international cooperation.

E.N. SABIROVA Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Senior Lecturer, Ufa, Russia

ETHNOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE IN BASHKORTOSTAN

It is well known that the Jewish people in the former Russian Empire, and especially in the Soviet Union, had significant specific features of ethnosocial development. Firstly, due to the peculiarities of resettlement and the specialization of employment, Jews always, even in imperial times, occupied corresponding social niches of predominantly urban space. This was especially true of Jewish immigrants to new territories, in our case, to the lands of modern Bashkiria. Therefore, among the Ufa Jews (that is, those living within the Ufa and Orenburg provinces) employment in the small and medium trade, crafts, medicine, etc. prevailed. Secondly, even before the revolution, among the Ufa Jews one of the highest levels of education was observed, compared to other ethnic groups. For example, according to the data of the First General Census of the Population of 1897, 72% of the Jews in the Ufa province were literate in their native language (Yiddish), and 35% even possessed Russian literacy. Among women, the literacy rate in the native and Russian languages was 45.9% and 32.5%, respectively. In the country as a whole, as noted by some experts, even in the imperial period, Jews were superior in terms of education: in 1897, there were 38% literate among them, and only 18% of the entire population of the empire. This article will discuss the quantitative composition of the Jewish population of Bashkortostan, will analyze the levels of economic well-being, as well as education of the Jewish population.

Key words: Jewish people, ethnosocial aspects, statistics, ethno-dispersed group, level of education, population census.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

D.Yu. PETROV postgraduate student of the Department of information Management, of the journalism Department, Russian presidential Academy of national economy and public administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN CONDITIONS OF MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

The article examines the nature and the typical characteristics of the main aspects of the political communication changes in the information society. A study of the evolution new communication technologies and the specifics of the communication, which they provide reveals its innovation potential and effects. Analysis of the main areas of research allows to select the most important problems present in scientific discourse in this area.

Key words: sociology of management, technology, information process, public authorities, political communication, network society.

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

V.Yu. ZORIN doctor of political sciences, professor, chief researcher, Institute of ethnology and anthropology of N.N. Miklukho-Maclay RAS, Moscow, Russia

S.A. ORESHIN candidate of historical sciences, research associate, Institute of ethnology and anthropology of N.N. Miklukho-Maclay of RAS, Moscow, Russia

EXPERIENCE OF PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF THE CHECHEN CONFLICT IN 1995-1996: ACHIEVEMENTS AND MISCALCULATIONS (PART ONE)

In article the authors analyzes attempts of achievement of peaceful settlement of armed conflict in the Chechen Republic in 1995-1996. From the very beginning of armed conflict in bodies of legislative and executive power of the Russian Federation there was a powerful movement aimed at finding a peace alternative to military operations and achievement of a compromise. Different government structures, including Territorial Department of federal executive authorities in the Chechen Republic, The Ministry of the Russian Federation for nationalities and regional policy; Russian State Duma Committee on affairs of nationalities; Federation Council were involved in activities for development of ways of an achievement of peace. Group of assistance of OSCE played the big role in negotiation process.

Process of peaceful settlement took place a number of stages. In December to the 1994-half of 1995 attempt of achievement of a compromise terminated in failure since in the leadership of the Russian Federation the line on power suppression of the separatist movement was dominated. However in process of prolongation of war and increase of terrorist threat outside a zone of the conflict came the understanding of need of establishing dialog between the conflicting parties and achievements of a mutually acceptable compromise. Most intensively and fruitfully negotiation process took place in June-September, 1995 and May-June, 1996.

The most considerable achievements which allowed to approach an achievement of peace in Chechnya at that time were the Agreement on military questions of July 30, 1995; activity of Special supervisory commission in August-September, 1995; May negotiations in top-level Moscow in 1996 and the Nazran protocols of June 10, 1996. In spite of the fact that owing to a number of the objective and subjective reasons to achieve peace in Chechnya then it was not possible, anti-recessionary experience of peaceful settlement and carrying out negotiation process can be used during search of a solution of relevant ethnopolitical conflicts in the present time.

Key words: Russian Federation, Chechen Republic, The First Chechen war, ethnopolitical conflict, peaceful settlement, negotiation process, Agreement on July 30, 1995, Nazran protocols of 1996, Khasavyurt agreements of 1996.

V.D. ERMACHENKOVA graduate, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INFLUENCE OF THE "CRIMEAN QUESTION" ON THE POLITICAL RELATIONS OF UKRAINE WITH RUSSIA

The Crimea was especially distinguished from the rest of the Ukrainian regions. On the territory of the peninsula was located the city of Sevastopol, which was subordinate to the center, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea until March 17, 2014. The history of this region has only a small relationship to the formation of Ukraine. For this reason, the culture of the Ukrainian people is minimally represented in the Crimea. On the territory of the peninsula, indigenous Ukrainians are a minority. At the same time, they, including the use of Russian in everyday life, and reflect the mental specifics and preferences that show the true Russian, located on the territory of the Crimea. Due to the fact that a large proportion of those living in Crimea are represented by Russians and Russian speakers, the question of including the peninsula in the complex Ukrainian mechanism of cultural and political reality has been posed acutely since independence by the Ukrainian state. Therefore, concerns about this issue began to emerge as political figures of the Ukrainian SSR immediately after the Crimea was annexed in 1954 to Ukraine.

Key words: foreign policy, Crimea, Russia, Ukraine, autonomy, USSR, UN, referendum.

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD

E.V. MARTYNENKO Doctor of politics, Professor, Vice-rector of RUDN University, Head of Theory and History of Journalism Department, Moscow, Russia

I.A. TARAN Graduate student of the Theory and History of Journalism Department, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF GERMAN REGIONAL PERIODICALS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MIGRATION ISSUE

The material is devoted to studying the migration problems in German regional press using the example of such popular periodicals as Süddeutsche Zeitung, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitug and Die Tageszeitung. Unlike the federal press, where the migration issue is covered in great detail and comprehensively at the national level, regional publications pay less attention to this aspect. They traditionally gravitate to issues constitutionally referring to the land governments of the federal republic – the social, humanitarian and cultural agendas. For this reason, migration issues are often presented in the regional press of the country as a few materials about refugees living in these regions, about their fate and difficulties, indicating the imperfection of the German migration policy as a whole.

Key words: regional press, social issues, politics, economics, adaptation.

E.A. ZAYTSEVA Candidate of economical sciences, Alekseev State Technical University, Associate professor of PR, Marketing and Communications Department, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

E.V. KOROVINA Candidate of historical sciences, Associate Professor, Alekseev State Technical University, Associate professor of PR, Marketing and Communications Department, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Yu.V. TROFIMOVA Candidate of historical sciences, Alekseev State Technical University, Associate professor of PR, Marketing and Communications Department, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND NATO IN THE XXI CENTURY

The relevance of researching the problems and prospects of cooperation between Russia and NATO in the XXI century, taking into account new geopolitical realities and rapidly changing challenges and threats to European and global security, is extremely important. Whether or not the mechanisms of cooperation between Russia and bloc states can be effective – this is critical for the further design of the system of international relations, the formulation and implementation of foreign policy doctrines of the bloc states and Russian Federation, the character of foreign policy decisions in security issues, the formation of new tools and agreements to strengthen Russia’s position in the Euro-Atlantic security system. The Russia-NATO relations crisis that developed after 2014 consolidates the negative dynamics in the development of cooperation on key issues of regional and global security, contributes to the loss of previously existing mechanisms for participation and presence for Russia in the Euro-Atlantic security system and, sometimes, liquidation of previously existing agreements and obligations (Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe, Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty).

In modern international realities, the alliance continues to build up its own military forces, develop scenarios for countering threats from a potential adversary, support anti-Russian rhetoric in the media and ignore Russian collective security initiatives. Historical approach allows to analyze the evolution of relations between Russia and NATO at the beginning of the XXI century, to assess the existing problems of interaction and factors influencing the rapid expansion of the North Atlantic alliance eastward, to develop a medium-term scenario for the development of relations between Russia and the NATO bloc, taking into account the maintenance of the existing security system and highlighting strategic areas of cooperation.

Key words: cooperation of Russia with NATO, NATO eastward expansion, European and global security problems, the strategic concept of the alliance, Russia’s geopolitical role.

F.K. DOLAEVA post-graduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the MFA of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS IN MODERN US FOREIGN POLICY

The United States continues to occupy a leading place on the political map of the world. Strategic communications play a significant role in us foreign policy. The study of strategic communications of the United States is updated in connection with the ongoing large-scale information campaigns both to combat global threats of a terrorist nature and to promote national superiority. The us Department of state uses a combination of traditional and digital tools to influence the receptive audience of foreign countries, including through the launch of a new global interaction center to synchronize the exchange of messages with foreign audiences. The article notes that among the main forms of strategic communications used by the United States, a special role is played by public relations, public diplomacy and information operation. Moreover, all the designated forms are used in an inextricable relationship. Meanwhile, the growing role of state propaganda campaigns in the media aimed at foreign audiences has increased the capacity of public diplomacy to adapt to new challenges and threats.

Key words: strategic communications, public diplomacy, information-communication technologies, propaganda, foreign policy, USA, international relations.

A.Yu. ZEMSKOVA Ph.D. Student of Comparative Politics Department, MGIMO-University MFA of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE PROSPECT OF UKRAINE'S EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AFTER THE CRISIS OF 2014

Introduction. Ukraine represents itself a rather complicated mechanism. The reason for such a phenomenon lies in its’ historical past. As for its’ geographical position, Ukraine is situated between Eastern Europe and Eurasia. In the most ancient period of history, the territory of modern Ukraine was the periphery of the Great Roman Empire. Then, the area between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea became a strip dividing two major civilizations - European and Slavic. Therefore, the regions of modern Ukraine were the parts of different civilizations. The absence of a single historical past determines the specifics of this state.

Aim. The scientific purpose of this article is to prove the fact that the current internal political crisis in Ukraine is a consequence of two major factors: specific geographical position (Ukraine is the periphery of the Great Roman Empire) and historical past (Ukrainian regions were the parts of different states). Moreover, the author analyzes both the reasons of the current political crisis and possible prospects for Ukraine’s European integration in this article.

Result. By means of the historical and space-time approach, the author proves the hypothesis. One can also talk about the application of a systematic approach to the study, because a large number of players were directly and indirectly involved in the events of Euromaidan.

Conclusion. The prospect for the Ukranian European integration, from the point of view of the author, seems unlikely. In particular, the failure of bilateral relations between Ukraine and the EU after Maidan, the growth of unresolved problems, the widening gap between expectations and the results may very well lead to a change in the European public perception and, thus, European integration.

Key words: Ukraine, European Union, European Integration, Russia, crisis, strategic choice.

O.O. STROCHKOVA post-graduate student of the European security Department, Institute of Europe RAS, Moscow, Russia

UKRAINE'S PARTICIPATION IN THE PROGRAM «EASTERN PARTNERSHIP»: THE POSITION OF RUSSIA AND THE EU

The article is devoted to the problems of Ukraine's participation in the EU program «Eastern partnership». The author examines Russian and European attitudes to Ukraine's participation in this program, and correlates its goals with the interests of Ukraine. There is a conclusion that the EU position on the development of relations with Ukraine is not clear, and relations within the «Eastern partnership» do not guarantee further European integration, although it is one that Ukraine is seeking today, without considering the Eurasian direction of integration.

Key words: Eastern Partnership, Ukraine, Russia, the EU, CIS, EAEU, economy, energy sector, integration.

HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY

HOSSEIN MOHANNAD Postgraduate, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE COUNTRIES OF THE MIDDLE EAST IN 1990-2000-IES: AN INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT

Thе subject of this research is the evolution of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the countries of the Middle East in the field of culture. The object of the study is the historical experience of the development of interstate cooperation on the development of cultural cooperation between Russia and the countries of the Middle East for a quarter century. The author examines in detail such an aspect of the topic as the peculiarities of the institutional foundations of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the countries of the Middle East in the field of culture in 1990-2000-ies. Particular attention is paid to the study of their dynamics in the studied period.

It is emphasized that a key role in the development of international cultural cooperation during the study period was played by central government bodies that solve the main tasks of state policy in this area, including monitoring the implementation of the state’s international obligations in the field of culture, coordinating international cultural relations and concluding relevant agreements.

The methodological base of the research is constituted by the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, systematicity and complexity, which allow us to study the evolution of interstate cooperation in the cultural sphere.

The novelty of the study lies in the rethinking of the conceptual framework, as well as the conditions for cooperation between the Russian Federation and the countries of the Middle East in the field of culture in the studied period.

Key words: state policy, cultural cooperation, cultural relations, historical experience.

REVIEWS

REVIEW OF THE ARTICLE BY L. F. BOLTENKOVA AND N. P. MEDVEDEV «ETHNIC COMPONENT IN THE POLITICAL RELATIONS OF ANCIENT RUSSIA» PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL «ISSUES OF NATIONAL AND FEDERATIVE RELATIONS». 2019. Т. 9. № 6 (51)

Reviewers:

M.G. Ivanova Candidate of Sciences (philosophy), assistant at the Chair of political analysis and management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

M.N. Moseikina Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor at the Chair of Russian history, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

D.E. Slizovskiy Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor at the Chair of Russian history, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia