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OUR AUTHORS

BABARYKINA O.V. – PhD student of the faculty of public administration Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

BOLTENKOVA L.F. – Doctor of Law, Professor at the Institute of Public Administration and Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.

DUBROVINA O.Yu. – PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of International Relations, the Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies, Novosibirsk, Russia.

GADZHIYEVA Z.N. – Junior Researcher at the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography, Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Russia.

GLEBOV V.A. – Ph.D. in Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Political Analysis and Management, Deputy Head of the Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.

GOLOVANOV R.S. – candidate of political sciences, candidate of jurisprudence, doctoral student of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic.

IKRAMOV S.T. – seeking a scientific degree at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

IKROMOVA M.N. – Tajik state university of commerce, PhD student, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan.

KLIMCHUK V.I. – post-graduate student of the Chair of National and Federative Relations of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

KRYLOVA M.S. – Graduate Student, Master of History Moscow State University, M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

KURBONOVA Z.M. – Сandidate of political sciences, doctorate of Philosophy, Political Science and Law Institute by the name of A.М. Bahovaddinov, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan.

MEDINA GONZALEZ VINICIO XAVIER – post-graduate student of the Department of theory and history of international relations Peoples ' friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

MEDVEDEV N.P. – Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Professor, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

MEDVEDEV V.N. – Candidate of Law, Associate Professor Associate Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines IGSU RANEPA at the President of the Russian Federation, Head of Administration of Administrative Procedure Committee of State Construction Supervision of the city of Moscow, Moscow, Russia.

MIKHAYLENKO A.N. – Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, professor of International security and Russian foreign policy chair at the Department of national security, Institute of law and national security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.

NAZAROV A.D. – Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Institute of Foreign Languages, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (MAI), Member of the Commission on Informational Support of the State National Policy of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation on Inter-Ethnic Relations, Moscow, Russia.

PANTELEEV V.I. – Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor at the Chair of Logistics and Marketing in the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

PARKHITKO N.P. – Chair of theory and history of journalism People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

POTAPOV D.V. – postgraduate student at the Chair of world politics and international relations, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia.

SHANGARAEV R.N. – PhD, assistant professor of Diplomatic Academy of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

SLISOVSKIY D.E. – PhD in History, Professor of Department of Humanities and social Sciences, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.

TITERINA V.K. – Graduate student of the City State University of the Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia.

TRIFONOVA M.S. – post-graduate student of the Department of history of the Fatherland and socio-political theories of Orenburg state pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russia.

VALIEV J.Sh. – Postgraduate Student, Department of Political Science and Mass Communications, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

VORONOV I.I. – Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor at the Chair of History and Regional Studies, St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications. Named after M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, St. Petersburg, Russia.

ZHIGULSKAYA D.V. – Cand. Sc. (History), Senior Researcher, Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 8. Issue 5 (44), 2018.

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Gadzhiyeva Z.N. Main Directions of Industrial Development of DASSR in the Early 30s of the Twentieth Century
• Panteleev V.I., Voronov I.I. Stolypin's Project of Updating the Agrarian System of Siberia and its Fate
• Parkhitko N.P. Revolution or Coup? Historical Dialectics to the 100th Anniversary of the 1917 Events
• Krylova M.S. Magazine "Evening Moscow" as a Source for the Study of Cultural Heritage in Moscow in the 1980s.
• Trifonova M.S. To the Question about the Development of the South Ural Philharmonic in the First Postwar Decade

FOREIGN HISTORY

• Titerina V.K. Comparative Analysis of Treatises Concluded Between the Ottoman Empire and European Countries (On the Basis of Translations by A.M. Obreskov 1757)
• Medina Gonzalez Vinicio Xavier The Role of the "Pro Ecuador" Company in the Expansion of Ecuadorian-Russian Cooperation
• Zhigulskaya D.V. The Concept of Morality (Ahlâk) in Ziya Gökalp’s “The Principles of Turkism” and Ahmet Ağaoğlu’s “Three Civilizations”

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

• Boltenkova L.F. Historical Basis of Russianness
• Nazarov A.D. Moscow House of Nationalities as All-Russian Resource Center International Communication
• Dubrovina O.Yu. Peculiarities and Procedure for the International Cooperation of Regions of Federal States (Case of Germany and Austria)
• Klimchuk V.I. Ethnopolitics in the Conditions of the Global Society Informatization

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

• Medvedev N.P., Glebov V.A. On the Ways of Resolving Political Conflicts
• Kurbonova Z.M., Ikromova M.N. Theoretical Features of the Territorial Disputes and the Ways of Their Preventing

POLITICAL INSTITUTES AND PROCESSES

• Medvedev V.N. Some Problems of Attracting Persons to Administrative Responsibility in the Operation of Objects of Self-Construction
• Potapov D.V. Transformation of the Political Regime of Russia: The Problem of Subjectivity

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF GLOBAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

• Mikhaylenko A.N. How to Get out of Foreign Policy Deadlocks?
• Shangaraev R.N. Middle East Katar – Iran – Turkey "Geopolitical Triangle"
• Valiev J.Sh. 20th Century Muslim Communities in Germany: History of Formation
• Ikramov S.T. Attempts to Involve the Countries of the Central Asian Region in Integration Projects Initiated by World Powers
• Golovanov R.S. Eurasian Integration as a Political Problem
• Babarykina O.V. The Role of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the Formation of Prerequisites of Eurasian Economic Integration

REVIEWS

• Slisovskiy D.E. Review On the Article by L.F. Boltenkova "Historical Basis of Russianness"

Our authors № 5-2018

DOMESTIC HISTORY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Z.N. GADZHIYEVA Junior Researcher at the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography, Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Russia

MAIN DIRECTIONS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF DASSR IN THE EARLY 30S OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

There is an attempt to show the features of industrial development and the premises for the industrial development of the Dagestan ASSR for considered chronological period by the accumulated historiography experience and widely involving new archival documents and collections of documentary publications in this article. The purpose isto determine the place and role in the republic industrialization of the USSR and RSFSR state authorities and also the possibility of using the republic internal reserve in this process.

Key words: DASSR, industrialization, industry, cooperation, concentration of production.

V.I. PANTELEEV Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor at the Chair of Logistics and Marketing in the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

I.I. VORONOV Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor at the Chair of History and Regional Studies, St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications. Named after M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, St. Petersburg, Russia

STOLYPIN'S PROJECT OF UPDATING THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM OF SIBERIA AND ITS FATE

The activities of the tsarist government in reforming land relations and the introduction of private land ownership in Siberia in the years of the Stolypin agrarian reform are analyzed. In a generalized form, the Stolypin program for the modernization of land relations in Siberia was reflected in the “Note”, compiled following a trip in 1910 by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, P.A. Stolypin and chief administrative officer of land management and agriculture A.V. Krivosheina to Siberia.

However, the legislative prerequisites for the implementation of this program did not have time to emerge. The main reason for the inhibition of reform was the resistance of multi-vector political forces, both on the right and on the left. Both opposition parties in the person of deputies of the State Duma from Siberia and a significant part of the ruling circles represented in the Russian government opposed the introduction of private land ownership in Siberia. However, as the analysis shows, a significant part of the rural population of Siberia, both old-timers and displaced persons, were supporters of the Stolypin reforms.

Key words: Siberia, land, agrarian reform, modernization, resettlement, private property, Stolypin, Krivoshein.

N.P. PARKHITKO Chair of theory and history of journalism People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

REVOLUTION OR COUP? HISTORICAL DIALECTICS TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE 1917 EVENTS

On November 7th, 2017, Russia celebrated the 100th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution. The scale of this historic event which largely determined the development of the geopolitical situation during the entire twentieth century is in principle difficult to underestimate. If not taking into account the overwhelming influence of ideologies that have certainly accompanied this political phenomenon during the entire Soviet period of national history the nature of the phenomenon seems even more obvious from the point of view of political science. At the same time under the influence of the so-called «Perestroika» ideas, which continuity was clearly traced in our country throughout the last decade of the twentieth century, the events of October 1917 were repeatedly subjected to at least a critical understanding (which, however, is not too bad for historical science), as a maximum – to political revisionism and frank falsification (which, in the opinion of the author, is unacceptable for any society wishing to preserve national, cultural and historical sovereignty). In this study the author will analyze such phenomena as a revolution and a coup with a retrospective account of the historical realities prevailing in Russia by October 1917. To obtain the most objective scientific results, the author tries to abstract as much as possible from political and ideological considerations, focusing only on economic, social and administrative state aspects. In the course of work, the author used a wide methodological toolkit of historical and political sciences, incl. – historical-retrospective method, key method and comparison method, historical-analytical and political-analytical methods, as well as the method of political content analysis.

Key words: Russia, revolution, coup, Bolsheviks, Provisional Government, overthrow, opposition, civil war.

M.S. KRYLOVA Graduate Student, Master of History Moscow State University, M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

MAGAZINE "EVENING MOSCOW" AS A SOURCE FOR THE STUDY OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN MOSCOW IN THE 1980s.

The periodical press is a source for the study of various issues, including the problems of cultural heritage. The study of the materials of the periodical press allows us to draw attention to the sphere of public opinion as an indicator of social interest in the processes related to cultural heritage: the development of protective legislation, the creation of institutions and organizations that preserve the heritage. Therefore, it is interesting to study how the theme of cultural heritage is considered in the regional periodicals of the 1980s. The theme of preservation of cultural heritage in the capital has been repeatedly discussed on the pages of printed publications in Moscow.

Key words: periodicals, protection of monuments, publications, events.

M.S. TRIFONOVA post-graduate student of the Department of history of the Fatherland and socio-political theories of Orenburg state pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russia

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH URAL PHILHARMONIC IN THE FIRST POSTWAR DECADE

The article studies the development of the South Ural philharmonic societies in 1946-1956. On the basis of archival materials the characteristic of the material and technical situation and personnel composition of the studied institutions is given. Shows the dynamics of live performances and audience activity philharmonics. The conclusion is made about the negative impact of the financial situation and the lack of administrative and creative staff on the development of philharmonic societies in the region.

Key words: philharmonic, concert, attendance, procurement, personnel, South Urals.

FOREIGN HISTORY

V.K. TITERINA Graduate student of the City State University of the Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TREATISES CONCLUDED BETWEEN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND EUROPEAN COUNTRIES (ON THE BASIS OF TRANSLATIONS BY A.M. OBRESKOV 1757)

The article is dedicated to a general analysis of the content of separate treatises concluded between Turkey and its allies France, England and the Dutch Republic in the second half of the XVII – first half of the XVIII century based on the translations made by the resident in Constantinople A.M. Obreskov for Catherine II in 1757 (according to the materials of the Fund № 89/1 AVPRI).

Key words: treatises, Ottoman Turkey, France, England, Dutch Republic.

MEDINA GONZALEZ VINICIO XAVIER post-graduate student of the Department of theory and history of international relations Peoples ' friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE "PRO ECUADOR" COMPANY IN THE EXPANSION OF ECUADORIAN-RUSSIAN COOPERATION

The article shows the role of economic diplomacy in the state’s foreign policy, its influence on the development of trade and economic relations and priorities of the country through the example of cooperation between the Republic of Ecuador and the Russian Federation in the export of food from Ecuador to the Russian market. Ecuador has become the most important supplier of bananas, coffee, flowers and seafood in the Russian Federation. The article presents the dynamics of trade and economic cooperation between the two countries, identifies the main trends of this cooperation and shows possible prospects for its development. The article uses a comparative statistical method. The chronology of presentation is observed, while sources in Russian, English and Spanish are used. The main conclusions of this article are as follows: the market of the Russian Federation is open for the countries of Latin America, and at the moment Ecuador occupies a confident position in this field, being also a strategic partner for Russia. The expansion of the Pro Ecuador representative office in Russia contributes to the strengthening of mutually beneficial trade and economic relations and the formation of the image of Ecuador as a reliable partner.

Key words: foreign economic policy, cooperation, Russia, export, investment, economic diplomacy, Ecuador, import, sanctions, Pro Ecuador.

D.V. ZHIGULSKAYA Cand. Sc. (History), Senior Researcher, Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

THE CONCEPT OF MORALITY (AHLÂK) IN ZİYA GÖKALP’S “THE PRINCIPLES OF TURKISM” AND AHMET AĞAOĞLU’S “THREE CIVILIZATIONS”

The concept of morality is traditionally perceived as the basis of any national culture, which makes it a representative factor when analyzing nation building and shaping of national identity.

This article focuses on the concept of morality (turk. ahlâk), as represented in the most influential works of the prominent ideologists of Turkish nationalism Ziya Gükalp and Ahmet Ağaoğlu – “The principles of Turkism”(“Türkçülüğün esasları”, 1924) and “Three civilizations” (“Üç medeniyet”, 1919). Both works were written during the period of formation of the Turkish nation-state.

The problem of westernization and the divergent approaches of the two thinkers to the question of adopting western values are of a particular interest in this paper.

Key words: Ziya Gökalp, Ahmet Ağaoğlu, morality, Turkey, nation-building, national identity.

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Law, Professor at the Institute of Public Administration and Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

HISTORICAL BASIS OF RUSSIANNESS

The article reveals the author’s understanding of Russianness and expresses analytical statements and assumptions regarding the forms of Russianness, its origins and historic foundations. The article fixes the idea that the vector of modern Russian politics regarding Russianness is determined by its historic beginning.

Key words: Russianness, Ancient Russia, Russia, Moscow, Kiev, Crimea, Novgorod, Orthodoxy, Russian Orthodox Church.

A.D. NAZAROV Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Institute of Foreign Languages, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (MAI), Member of the Commission on Informational Support of the State National Policy of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation on Inter-Ethnic Relations, Moscow, Russia

MOSCOW HOUSE OF NATIONALITIES AS ALL-RUSSIAN RESOURCE CENTER INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION

The article is devoted to one of the most important aspects of the development of ethnocultural infrastructure – multifaceted activity of houses of nationalities, friendship, centers of national culture, other state and municipal institutions whose work is aimed at solving the tasks of state national policy, which are increasingly appearing in Russian regions. In this connection, the experience of the 20-year-old activity of the Moscow House of Nationalities (MDN), which for many years remained the first and only institution of this type in the country, is of unquestionable scientific and practical interest. Over the past years, MDN has in fact become the organizational and methodological center for a multifaceted cultural and educational work that provides diverse activities of national organizations, a symbol of the ethnic diversity of the metropolitan metropolis, cultural cooperation, mutual spiritual enrichment of the people in the metropolitan metropolis.

Key words: the strategy of the state national policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, the strategy of the national policy of the city of Moscow for the period until 2025 and the plan for its implementation in 2016-2018, interethnic communication, ethno-cultural infrastructure, the Moscow House of Nationalities.

O.Yu. DUBROVINA PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of International Relations, the Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies, Novosibirsk, Russia

PECULIARITIES AND PROCEDURE FOR THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF REGIONS OF FEDERAL STATES (case of Germany and Austria)

In the article, the features and the procedure for the international cooperation of the regions of federal states are examined in the case of Germany and Austria.

The problem is very relevant. Federal relations are carried out in a context of globalization and regionalization, which leads to the international activity of sub-state regions, especially in federal states. The review of these processes is possible only in the case of particular countries.

Proceeding from the urgency of the problem, the main purpose of this work is to study the features and procedures for the international cooperation of regions of federal states.

The task of the study is to examine the delineation of powers and subjects of conduct between the federal center and the regions of states in the case of such European federations as Germany and Austria.

For the study, the author used a system methodology, a comparative analysis method that allowed to compare the powers of states and their regions in the sphere of international interaction and the method of studying documents, including constitutions and laws of states regulating international relations.

The following results were achieved in the work: the constitutions and laws of Germany and Austria were analyzed, the powers and subjects of the federal center and regions of these states in the sphere of international cooperation were identified, a comparative analysis of the documents of these states in this sphere was made, it was shown that constitutional provisions, in their totality , make up a plan for the most rational distribution of state power in this area and its equilibrium.

In the course of the study, the author came to the following conclusion: in the case of Germany and Austria the peculiarities and the procedure for the international cooperation of the regions of federal states are formed on the basis of the delimitation of the subjects of jurisdiction and authority between the federation and its regions.

Key words: globalization, regionalization, federalization, regions of states, sub-state regions, international relations, international cooperation, authorities, subjects of reference.

V.I. KLIMCHUK post-graduate student of the Chair of National and Federative Relations of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ETHNOPOLITICS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE GLOBAL SOCIETY INFORMATIZATION

Information technologies allowed to reach a qualitatively new level of building communication links between the state and representatives of a multinational Russian society. Computer networks have united state power, political parties and public organizations into one information environment. The number of citizens connected to the Unified Identification and Authentication system allows constructing a profound dialogue of the state with the majority of representatives of its multinational society. The author of the article notes the scale of the state program of engaging the population of multinational regions of the country in a high-tech information environment. Thus implementing the program of national policy through hightech, the state strives to satisfy the interests of representatives of Russian small nations and ethnic groups. The article considers the mass media as a source of enlightening the population of the country on ethnopolitics. At the same time, there is an insufficient level of professionalism of journalists that are covering the life and culture of small ethnic groups and nations. The active role in disseminating information about the languages and culture of small peoples is taken by the representatives of these peoples themselves through modern means of communication in the Internet. The use of information technologies in ethnopolitics promotes the solution of propagandistic and marketing problems. Attention is focused on prevention of external influence through the Internet network with the aim of fomenting national conflicts, religious enmity and so on. The creation of a unified electronic information environment in the sphere of interethnic relations is proposed in the Russian Federation.

Key words: Ethnopolitics, Information Technology, Ethnoculture, Interethnic Relations, Internet, National Minorities, National Culture.

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Professor, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

V.A. GLEBOV Ph.D. in Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Political Analysis and Management, Deputy Head of the Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

ON THE WAYS OF RESOLVING POLITICAL CONFLICTS

The article reveals main ways of conflict prevention and resolution. It investigates sources and features of ethno-political conflicts. It analyzes the role and importance of mediation and emphasizes the importance of judicial and pre-trial procedures in the resolution of political conflicts.

Key words: conflict, political tension, ethnopolitical conflict, interethnic relations, conflict resolution, mediator institution, arbitration, pre-trial procedures.

Z.M. KURBONOVA Сandidate of political sciences, doctorate of Philosophy, Political Science and Law Institute by the name of A.М. Bahovaddinov, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan

M.N. IKROMOVA Tajik state university of commerce, PhD student, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan

THEORETICAL FEATURES OF THE TERRITORIAL DISPUTES AND THE WAYS OF THEIR PREVENTING

In modern interstate relations, the problem of territorial integrity of the state is of great importance, primarily because it is related to ensuring the security of the state, guaranteeing protection from external invasion of its territory, and forcibly changing its territorial borders. Changing attempts the borders of states without their consent have always been an expression of aggression, repeatedly led to wars. But even today, it is not possible to avoid armed conflicts between states over territorial disputes.

Key words: interstate relations, problems of territorial integrity, state security, armed conflicts.

POLITICAL INSTITUTES AND PROCESSES

V.N. MEDVEDEV Candidate of Law, Associate Professor Associate Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines IGSU RANEPA at the President of the Russian Federation Head of Administration of Administrative Procedure Committee of State Construction Supervision of the city of Moscow, Moscow, Russia

SOME PROBLEMS OF ATTRACTING PERSONS TO ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY IN THE OPERATION OF OBJECTS OF SELF-CONSTRUCTION

This article is devoted to the problems of law enforcement in violation of the order of construction, reconstruction, overhaul of the capital construction object and its commissioning. The article raised the problematic issues of bringing persons to administrative responsibility when identifying the exploitation of unauthorized construction facilities in the context of recent changes in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Key words: administrative responsibility, protocol, punishment, fine, supervision, authorities, unauthorized construction, property, problems.

D.V. POTAPOV postgraduate student at the Chair of world politics and international relations, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia

TRANSFORMATION OF THE POLITICAL REGIME OF RUSSIA: THE PROBLEM OF SUBJECTIVITY

The article attempts to assess whether the modern political establishment of the United States, articulating the decisions of the financial and political elite of the “global project”, has enough will, talent and competence to remain the subject of the transformation of the political regime in Russia. The contradictions between the various groups of the American elite are considered. The specificity of the political culture of the United States and the mechanisms of spontaneous anti-Russian decision making are considered. An assessment is made of the prospects for Russia's transition to a national subjectivity of the transit of power and the transformation of the political regime.

Key words: political regime, transformation, subjectivity, the American establishment, the elite of the “global project”.

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF GLOBAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

A.N. MIKHAYLENKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, professor of International security and Russian foreign policy chair at the Department of national security, Institute of law and national security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

HOW TO GET OUT OF FOREIGN POLICY DEADLOCKS?

The notion of deadlock is often used in analysis of foreign policy activities, but its meaning is not defined. To clarify it, the article deals with the meanings of this word in dictionaries and scientific articles, as well as the situations in international relations, which are designated as deadlocks. Due to insufficient theoretical elaboration of this notion in political science, approaches to the concept of deadlock in psychology are analyzed, as well as metaphors of deadlock that are most often met in the literature. The main ways to get out of foreign policy deadlocks are proposed.

Key words: deadlock, crisis, compromise, turn, shift, breakthrough, Ukraine, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, Nagorno-Karabakh, Colombia, Afghanistan, Japan, Cyprus, China, USA, digital diplomacy.

R.N. SHANGARAEV PhD, assistant professor of Diplomatic Academy of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

MIDDLE EAST KATAR – IRAN – TURKEY "GEOPOLITICAL TRIANGLE"

Ankara, Tehran and Doha have recently had close political, trade and economic ties, which is causing discontent among many Arab states of the Middle East led by Saudi Arabia, which, following Trump's visit to Riyadh in 2017, break all relations with Iran and the Turkish military base close. The study also attempted to consider the influence of the Russia-Turkey-Iran coalition on the "geopolitical triangle" of Qatar-Iran-Turkey.

Key words: Russia, United States, Iran, Turkey, Qatar, anti-catarrian coalition, alliance, geopolitical triangle, Middle East.

J.Sh. VALIEV Postgraduate Student, Department of Political Science and Mass Communications, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

20TH CENTURY MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN GERMANY: HISTORY OF FORMATION

The article considers the issue of integration of Muslims in Germany. It gives a brief history of birth and formation of the Muslim community in Germany. It evaluates both: the state of relations within the Muslim community and the level of interconfessional contacts with other countries. The article analyzes efforts aimed at maintaining cultural identity of Muslim migrants in Germany as well as their religious and legal integration.

Key words: migration in Germany, Muslim minority, host society, cultural contacts, integration programs and processes.

S.T. IKRAMOV seeking a scientific degree at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ATTEMPTS TO INVOLVE THE COUNTRIES OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN REGION IN INTEGRATION PROJECTS INITIATED BY WORLD POWERS

The EU, China and Russia are trying to involve the Central Asian region in their integration projects. The article analyzes the main integration projects of the leading countries and, based on the analysis, concludes that participation in each of them for the Central Asian republics is extremely important, but mean while all five Central Asian republics are involved in European projects, some of them refused to take part in the projects of Russia for political and other reasons. Never theless, in some cases Russia offers quite attractive conditions for integration, which contribute to the economic development of the countries of the region. One of these projects is the EAEC, participation in which does not imply the implementation of any political conditions, as it is observed in European projects.

Key words: Central Asia, CIS, CSTO, EU Strategy for Central Asia, ЕАEU, One belt – one road.

R.S. GOLOVANOV candidate of political sciences, candidate of jurisprudence, doctoral student of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

EURASIAN INTEGRATION AS A POLITICAL PROBLEM

Eurasian integration by the end of the second decade of the XXI century became not only a geopolitical reality, but also a political problem. It was necessary to answer the following questions: what is the Eurasian integration? Who acts as an actor of Eurasian integration? What are the technologies for its implementation?

The answer to the first question, from the author's point of view, suggests the substantiation and proof of the heuristic constructivist methodological approach based on the analysis of the multifactor nature of Eurasian integration. Therefore, the article considers the basic parameters of the constructivist approach, which are extended to the study of Eurasian integration: institutionalization, legitimation and mobilization.

When answering the second question, the article justifies the conclusion that the Eurasian project, being the result of elite design, is realized only with the active participation of the elites of the integrating states in its political, legal and institutional provision. At the same time, the political elite is seen as the most active, competent and influential part of society, which plays a key role in the political process, participates in the development and adoption of strategic decisions and directs their implementation.

Answering the third question, the author analyzes the technologies of social construction of the Eurasian community and identifies two mutually complementary types: political design implemented by individual politicians and various political institutions, and intellectual construction carried out by representatives of the scientific, literary and artistic elite and the institutions created by them.

The article substantiates the conclusion that the Eurasian integration from the political point of view is a socio-political construct which, in accordance with the institutionalization, legitimization and mobilization laws singled out by the constructivists, has become Russia's largest foreign policy project, which has received international recognition and is oriented toward further expansion.

Key words: Eurasian integration, constructivist approach, institutionalization, legitimization and mobilization, political elites, elite design technologies.

O.V. BABARYKINA PhD student of the faculty of public administration Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES IN THE FORMATION OF PREREQUISITES OF EURASIAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

The article is devoted to the identification of the role of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the formation of prerequisites of Eurasian economic integration. The conclusion is made about the importance of this role, as well as about the CIS as the foundation of the modern EAEU as an economic integration association, as an initial impulse to promote the post-Soviet States in the world economic system.

Key words: Commonwealth of Independent States, Eurasian economic Union, economic integration.

REVIEW ON THE ARTICLE BY L.F. BOLTENKOVA "HISTORICAL BASIS OF RUSSIANNESS"

Reviewer:

D.E. Slisovskiy PhD in History, Professor of Department of Humanities and social Sciences, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 8. Issue 4 (43), 2018.

CONTENTS

NATIONAL HISTORY

• Kamardina N.V. Kamchatka Organization of the RCP(b): from the History of Creation
• Savelyeva I.V. Power: the Historical Digression
• Shekotova Yu.V. Political Education and Social Rehabilitation of the Wounded and Sick During the Great Patriotic War (on the Example of the Vologda Region)
• Gazalieva Z.B. The Activity of the Higher Educational Institutions of Dagestan in the 1970-1980: Major Achievements and Challenges
• Medvedev N.P. Political History of the 90s. Memoirs of the Russian Deputy

FOREIGN HISTORY

• Palisheva N.V. At the Origins of Anti-colonial Nationalism: Political Views and Ideology of the First Leaders of the Indian national Congress
• Frolov I.D. Migration Crisis in the EU as a Determinant of Strenthening of the Influence of the Russian Federation
• Gerasimov N.G. Syrian Bedouin Community in the XX Century

THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICS

• Drobizheva L.M. Russian Civil Identity in Scientific and Political Discussions and Public Opinion
• Rizoev Sh.Kh., Schmidt V.V. Power: Problem of Definition-Problem of Nature
• Dzhanteeva J.S. Theoretical Conceptualization of Ethnicity in the Context of Political Knowledge

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Indzhiev A.A. Social Media Electorat of Future: Russian and Western Political Technologies of Tomorrow
• Potapov D.V. Role of Transformation of Democratic Institutions in the Crisis of Transitology

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

• Dubrovina O.Yu. Influence of Federalization on Processes of Regionalization and Activity of Regions of Federal States on the International Scene
• Muradyan L.O. The Concept of National and Cultural Autonomy in Post-Soviet Russia

FOREIGN POLICY PROCESS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• Krutko A.A. Strategic Presence Russia in the Eurasian Space
• Zhurbina N.E. Structure and Dynamics of Immigration Flows to Germany in 2016-2017
• Nekrasov B.I. Key Directions of Latin American Weapons Market Development in the Context of Challenges and Threats in Military and Political Spheres

Our authors № 4-2018

NATIONAL HISTORY

N.V. KAMARDINA Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor at the Chair of history and philosophy of Kamchatka State University named after Vitus Bering, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

KAMCHATKA ORGANIZATION OF THE RCP(B): FROM THE HISTORY OF CREATION

The article is based on published sources and unpublished documents from the state archives of Khabarovsk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka, it considers little-known facts about the creation of the first organization of the RCP(b) in 1920 in Kamchatka. The author raises the question about the role of personality in the regional historical processes in the period of the Great Russian revolution of 1917-1922 and comes to the conclusion about the specifics of the revolutionary processes in the territory of the frontier and specific features of political leaders, formed in these conditions.

Key words: the Great Russian revolution, RCP(b), Far East, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka, personality.

I.V. SAVELYEVA specialist at the Chair of world history of Tyumen State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia

POWER: THE HISTORICAL DIGRESSION

Power as a social phenomenon is an existing in any society strong-willed relationship between people in the process of interaction. Power is the fundamental beginning of both society and politics, carrying out its presence in various spheres and processes of human life.

Key words: the etymology, the concept, the power, the political power, the politics, the historical excursus.

Yu.V. SHEKOTOVA Post-graduate student, Vologda state University, Vologda, Russia

POLITICAL EDUCATION AND SOCIAL REHABILITATION OF THE WOUNDED AND SICK DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (on the example of the Vologda region)

In the article, based on archive materials, the analysis of the work of hospitals on the political education of the wounded and sick in the years of the Great Patriotic War is given. During the war the state policy in the field of health protection of fighters and commanders of the Red Army also included measures to create a system for the social rehabilitation of wounded soldiers, in which an important role was assigned to hospitals. The author comes to the conclusion that during the war in hospitals a significant work was done not only related to the high quality of medical treatment of the wounded and sick, but also by raising their morale, by social rehabilitation, encouraging them to return to the ranks of fighters, and in case of unfitness to military service, direction to defense enterprises.

Key words: hospital, Vologda region, patriotism, political education, social rehabilitation of the wounded and sick, Great Patriotic War.

Z.B. GAZALIEVA post-graduate student at the Department of new and modern history of Dagestan, Institute of history, archeology and ethnography of Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Russia

THE ACTIVITY OF THE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF DAGESTAN IN THE 1970-1980: MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

The article describes the main aspects of the development of higher educational institutions of Dagestan in the 70-80-ies of XX century the article Analyzes the role of universities in training qualified personnel for the sectors of economy and culture. The success of universities in training, public life of the Republic is analyzed, data on the strengthening of the material and technical base of educational institutions are presented. The article describes the events that influenced the update of the leadership of Dagestan universities in the 80s of the twentieth century.

Key words: Dagestan state University, higher education, educational activity, problems, professional education, higher education, higher education.

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Professor, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, People’s Deputy (1990-1993), Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE 90s. MEMOIRS OF THE RUSSIAN DEPUTY

The article considers the political situation in Russia at the beginning of the 90-ies of the last century on the basis of historical facts. The author describes difficult conditions for the development of democracy in national provinces. Specific examples in the Mordovian ASSR reveal complex relationships between Russian national authorities and authorities in the national constituencies. The article considers decisive actions taken by the politicians of the nineties in making crucial decisions for the democratic Russia.

Key words: the story of the' 90s, the national province, people of the nineties, Democrats, Communists, the CPSU Central Committee, Saransk city Council, the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR, Council of Nationalities, Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission, Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the RSFSR.

FOREIGN HISTORY

N.V. PALISHEVA Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor at the Chair of theory and history of state and law of the Siberian Institute of management-branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of Public Service and National Economy, Novosibirsk, Russia

AT THE ORIGINS OF ANTI-COLONIAL NATIONALISM: POLITICAL VIEWS AND IDEOLOGY OF THE FIRST LEADERS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

The article discusses formation of the Indian anti-colonial nationalism at the early stages of activities of Indian National Congress (1885-1907). Special attention the author pays to the analysis of the views of the first leaders and participants of the Congress on the role of Great Britain, the essence of the colonial system and the position of India in it. The list of requirements put forward by the members of INC to the colonial power is considered in detail as well as their reasoning and the system of arguments.

Key words: Indian National Congress, colonial India, anti-colonial nationalism, Dadabhai Naorji, colonial system.

I.D. FROLOV post-graduate student at the Department of modern Russian history, Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH), Moscow, Russia

MIGRATION CRISIS IN THE EU AS A DETERMINANT OF STRENTHENING OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Migration crisis in the European Union is reflected not only in the situation within the alliance, but also in relations with other countries. The Russian Federation, for its part, regards the EU as one of the key partners in the world – it is reflected in the Russian Foreign Policy Concept of 2016. Analyzing this document, as well as the National Security Strategy of 2015 and the Concept of the Migration Policy of 2017, the author suggests using the migration crisis in Europe to promote Russia's interests on the EU's territory, skillfully playing on the contradictions in the European Union related to the polarity of interests of the countries included in it.

Goals and objectives: The main purpose of this article is to assess the roots of the conflict situation between Russia and the European Union, as well as to reflect the impact of the migration crisis on bilateral relations. An important task is to find ways to restore bilateral cooperation and overcome the political crisis associated with a divergence in positions on the status of the Crimea.

Methods: The article was written with the use of analysis and systematization of information obtained from state concepts, speeches by the President of the Russian Federation and official government officials, monographs and articles by authors specializing in topics of migration and Russia's relations with the EU.

Results: Anti-Russian sentiments, spread by instruments of the Western "soft power" in Europe, significantly limit the potential of the Russian Federation to influence European politics and protect its strategic interests in key regions. Russia has far more opportunities and prospects than potential problems in the crisis situation related to the excessive influx of migrants into the EU.

Conclusion: The migration crisis that has spread across Europe in recent times gives the Russian Federation the opportunity to restore influence in the countries of the European Union and strengthen its positions in global politics.

Key words: European Union, Russian Federation, foreign policy, migration.

N.G. GERASIMOV Graduate student of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia

SYRIAN BEDOUIN COMMUNITY IN THE XX CENTURY

The article examines development of the Syrian Bedouin community in the XX century, mainly in the field of relationship with Syrian government structures. During this period Syria has had a complex transformation from a part of the Ottoman Empire to an independent state through French mandate control. At the same time occurred enormous advance in technologies, which had considerable impact on Bedouin community making its traditional camel raising nomadic life on caravan path a kind of outdated. The rise of the state, its extensive growth and advanced complexity couldn`t lay aside traditional tribal structure of Bedouin community. In the XX century Syrian governments made several attempts to settle and assimilate nomads, deprive them from their special rights and made their legal status equal to that of common citizens. The most pressure was imposed on their legal status and land ownership. This pressure peaked during 1950-1960th, when extensive farming and modern agricultural technologies were implemented in the deserted areas populated by Bedouin tribes. That situation led to soil erosion while government pressure forced Bedouin sheikhs and some tribes to leave Syria for Jordan and Saudi Arabia. In the end of XX century government pressure to settle nomadic tribes and spread modern farming technologies was acknowledged ineffective and Bedouin community was incorporated to Syrian government structure with respect of their special status and traditional tribal structure.

Key words: Syria, Bedouin, migration, settling nomads, government relations.

THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICS

L.M. DROBIZHEVA Dr. Sci. (Hist.), Chief-researcher, Head of the Center of Interethnic Relations Research of Institute of Sociology FNISC RAS, Professor-researcher of National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN CIVIL IDENTITY IN SCIENTIFIC AND POLITICAL DISCUSSIONS AND PUBLIC OPINION

The article shows discussions which went around understanding of the Russian civil identity before the appearance of the «Strategy of the State national policy of the Russian Federation until 2025» and during correction in 2016-2018. The author demonstrates complex content of Russian identity and compatibility with ethnic identity of citizens.

Bases on the analysis of sociological polls of 1990th and 2000th, author claimes that the formation of modern Russian identity takes place not only because of nation-building from "the above", but also spontaneously on the basis of ideas emerging in the mass consciousness.

Data of all-Russian polls of WCIOM, Institute of sociology FNISC RAS and regional polls show correlation with other collective identities, values and goals which unite society, problems to overcome in order to strengthen the positive Russian identity.

Key words: Russian civil identity, ethnic (ethnocultural) identity, interethnic accord, solidarity.

Sh.Kh. RIZOEV post-graduate student at the Chair of national and federative relations, Institute of public service and management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Service, Moscow, Russia

V.V. SCHMIDT Doctor of Sciences (philosophy), Professor at the Chair of state-confessional relations of the Institute of public service and management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Service, Moscow, Russia

POWER: PROBLEM OF DEFINITION-PROBLEM OF NATURE

The article is devoted to the problem of nature and definition of power. The phenomenon power is considered as a product of social integration based on the mechanism of alienation.

Key words: power, power as a social phenomenon, power in the system of politics, philosophy of power, axiology of power.

J.S. DZHANTEEVA Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor, head of the department for sociological research and analysis of Karachay-Cherkessk Institute for Humanitarian Research under the government of Cherkessk the KCR, Cherkessk, Russia

THEORETICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION OF ETHNICITY IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE

The modern approaches to the definition of the essence of ethnicity and the identical concepts of the ethnos and the nation are analyzed with the identification of their political content in the sociohumanitarian scientific thought. Generalized the distinctive aspects in the definition of ethnicity by representatives of the main research areas. The author presents the interpretation of the content of ethnicity as an expression of the realized need of the individual in ethnosocial relations, conditioned by various objective and subjective factors. In the final part, a conclusion was made about the expediency of studying ethnicity and developing appropriate tools based on the polyparadigmatic approach.

Key words: ethnicity, ethnos, nation, primordialism, constructivism, instrumentalism.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES

A.A. INDZHIEV postgraduate student at the Chair of international relations, political science and world economy at the Institute of international relations of Pyatigorsk State University, Deputy, Chairman of the standing Committee on economic development, entrepreneurship and investment of the Duma of the Georgievsky city district of Stavropol region, Pyatigorsk, Russia

SOCIAL MEDIA ELECTORAT OF FUTURE: RUSSIAN AND WESTERN POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES OF TOMORROW

The article is devoted to the political and electoral technologies review with social media support. The author defines the features of using social media by different groups of political actors, identifies the advantages and problems of applying various strategies for attracting the electorate in virtual space. In the conclusion of the article, the author fetches out the most promising technologies for working with the electorate in modern social media.

Key words: social media, political technologies, electoral process, political outsourcing.

D.V. POTAPOV post-graduate student, Chair of world politics and international relations of Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia

ROLE OF TRANSFORMATION OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS IN THE CRISIS OF TRANSITOLOGY

The article considers the conditions under in the 50s of the last century which it became possible to form democratic institutions. It is proved that their existence in full was possible only in a special post-war period, when for several decades a unique coincidence of several historical events created exceptional conditions for continuous sustainable growth of the world economy. It is shown that the emergence of the concept of transitology coincided on time with the end of this period. The author considers transformations of the social structure of the society in recent decades: reduction of the middle class, who were in the 50-70's the mainstay of political stability, and there ousting from the political scene by the salariat; growth of the precariat and, specifically, of the number of migrants, a special sub-group in its composition; and formation of a qualitatively new generation of the financial and political elite. It is established that such a large-scale transformation of the social structure of society has resulted in the transformation of democratic institutions and the emergence of the political phenomenon of post-democracy; all of it has caused the crisis of transitology. By the mid-90's expert and scientific community worldwide was divided into two antagonistic groups: the first group up till present time refuses to recognize that the transit science needs a conceptual rethinking / the paradigm shift; others prove, that the transformation of political regimes does not necessarily must take place in the paradigm of democratic transit. The author suggests his own approach to the exit from the methodological impasse of transitology.

Key words: transitology, democratic transit, political regime, democratic institutions, transformation, social structure, salariat, precariat, foreign cultural migrants, elite, ideology, political discourse.

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

O.Yu. DUBROVINA PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of International Relations, the Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies, Novosibirsk, Russia

INFLUENCE OF FEDERALIZATION ON PROCESSES OF REGIONALIZATION AND ACTIVITY OF REGIONS OF FEDERAL STATES ON THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE

In the article the author examines the influence of federalization on the processes of regionalization and the activity of regions of federal states on the international scene. The problem is very relevant. Regionalization brings the regions of states to the world stage and these processes are superimposed on the processes of federalization and globalization, which affect each other. All this requires scientific understanding. Based on the relevance, the main goal of this work is to examine the influence of federalization on regionalization processes.

The task of this study is to review how regionalization and federalization affect the activity of regions of federative states on the international scene. In the process of research, the author used system methodology, that makes the object of research to appear as an integral, complex system of international regional relations and cooperation.

The following results were achieved: the principles of federalism are presented, the distinctive features of federations are shown, the classification of federal states is made, federalism and federation forms are shown, the division of powers and subjects of jurisdiction between the federation and its subjects is analyzed, including the sphere of international relations.

In the course of the research, the author came to the following conclusion: federalization has a great influence on the processes of regionalization and on the activity of regions of federal states on the international stage. They have a greater degree of freedom in international communication, but their international cooperation is carried out under the control of states and is governed by the division of the subjects of reference in the sphere of international relations by the constitutions of countries.

Key words: globalization, regionalization, federalization, federalism, regions of states, state, international relations, international cooperation.

L.O. MURADYAN The applicant of the Department of Political Analysis and Management of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL AND CULTURAL AUTONOMY IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal field of national and cultural autonomy in the Russian Federation, which creates conditions for the interaction of the state and society to protect the national interests of citizens and the development of the cultural identity of ethnic groups.

Key words: National and cultural autonomy of RF, National Politics, Civil society institution, Multinationality.

FOREIGN POLICY PROCESS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

A.A. KRUTKO candidate of political sciences, doctoral student of the Department of International Relations Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

STRATEGIC PRESENCE RUSSIA IN THE EURASIAN SPACE

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the thesis that a strategic presence is an instrument of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation. Strategic presence is considered as a complex of military, economic, humanitarian, information, scientific and educational and all other aspects of interstate relations, representing a single phenomenon. It is proved that the presence fulfills political functions, acting as a form of indirect strategic actions of states, which in their fundamental foreign policy documents (laws, concepts, strategies, foreign policy courses, landmark speeches of state leaders) clearly record their attitude towards the institution of foreign presence. A comparative analysis of the military presence of the United States and Russia abroad. It is argued that the goals of the American presence in the post-Soviet states are to ensure global leadership of the United States and to contain the integration initiatives of the Russian Federation. It is shown that the counteraction to the Eurasian integration, first of all, the opposition to the Big Eurasia project on the basis of the interface between the projects of the EAEC and the Economic belt of the Silk Road, political, economic, informational and other pressure on Russia is carried out through a system of various measures, presence near its borders. The regulatory and legal framework of the Russian military presence on the territory of Abkhazia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Transnistria, Syria, Tajikistan and South Ossetia has been studied. Particular attention is drawn to the fact that Russia's military presence is carried out not only on the basis of bilateral interstate agreements, but also within the framework of the Collective Security Treaty Organization. On the example of Russia's strategic presence in the Kyrgyz Republic, which includes military, information, economic, scientific, educational and humanitarian components, it is shown that its basis is the coincidence of the foreign policy guidelines of the two states. The conclusion on the conjugation of different types of Russian presence in the post-Soviet space is substantiated, which ensures its strategic character and is the most important condition for the implementation of the Eurasian integration project.

Key words: foreign policy, strategic presence, military, economic, information, humanitarian, scientific and educational presence.

N.E. ZHURBINA Candidate of Sciences (history), Chair of regional studies and economics of foreign countries, Department of international relations, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia

STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF IMMIGRATION FLOWS TO GERMANY IN 2016-2017

International migration flows, including those to Europe, were intensified in the 20th-21st centuries. That is a result of different reasons, namely a rapid increase in the population of developing countries, wars, revolutions and collapses of political regimes in the North Africa and Middle East, and human rights violations. All these factors caused changes in the structure and dynamics of migration flows: from labour to forced migration. The present article considers the structure and dynamics of migration flows in 2016-2017 to Germany as a country which became the most popular destination for international migrants in Europe, and defines its main migration problems.

Key words: immigration, integration, refugees, migration flows.

B.I. NEKRASOV post-graduate student at the Chair of theory and history of international relations, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Peoples ' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

KEY DIRECTIONS OF LATIN AMERICAN WEAPONS MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF CHALLENGES AND THREATS IN MILITARY AND POLITICAL SPHERES

In the article go out analysis of the main threats and security issues of Latin American countries in internal and foreign policy areas and also to the study of key trends impacting on the weapons market and its changes in the region. Attention is being given to investigation of the role and influence of these threats on the achieving of objectives, principles and tasks for Latin American countries’ foreign policy concepts in military and political spheres.

Key words: Latin America, concepts, weapons and military equipment, military budget, budget management, threats, military-industrial complex.