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OUR AUTHORS

BENYAMINOV M.V. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History of the Middle Ages and Modern Times, State University of Education, Mytishchi, Russia.

BERESTENNIKOVA E.A. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Far Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russia.

BOGDANOVA N.V. – PhD, Associate Professor of International Relations Higher School, Humanitarian Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

BOLTENKOVA L.F. – Doctor of Law, Professor, Moscow, Russia.

DROZHNIKOV R.A. – A graduate student of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

EMELIN D.R. – Graduate stundent, Faculty of Global Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

FEDOTOV V.V. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate Professor of the department Philosophy, social sciences and humanities, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia.

GADZHIEVA Z.N. – Researcher, Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography Dagestan Federal Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Russia.

GATAULLINA I.A. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Sociology, Political Science and Management, Institute of Engineering Economics and Entrepreneurship, A.N. Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University – KAI, Kazan, Russia.

GAZIEVA A.A. – Junior researcher Department of Modern and Contemporary History of Dagestan, Dagestan Federal Research Center RAS, Makhachkala, Russia.

HOMICH I.I. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Sciences and International Relations, Taurida Academy of the Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia.

HUANG MINGTUO – College of Foreign Languages, Nankai University, China.

ISKALIEV A.K. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History of the Middle Ages and Modern Times of the State University of Enlightenment, Mytishchi, Moscow region, Russia.

IVANOV E.A. – Master of the International Relations Higher School Humanitarian Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

JINGYUAN LIU – Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia.

KHARISOVA Z.G. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Lecturer of the History of the Department of Social and Legal Disciplines North Caucasian Institute (branch) All-Russian State University of Justice Russian Law Academy of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, Makhachkala, Russia.

KHOSHEV A.YU. – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Master of Theology, doctoral student at the All-Church Postgraduate and Doctoral School named after Saints Cyril and Methodius; employee of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate, Moscow, Russia.

KISILEV K.V. – Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia.

KOLUPAEV D.V. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Altai State Technical University named after I.I. Polzunov, Department of "History of State and Law", Barnaul, Russia.

KOROTKIN S.S. – Graduate student, Department of Political Science and Applied Political Work Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia.

KRASNIKOV A.S. – PhD student, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

KRASNOVA R.R. – Candidate of the Department of History, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N.Ulyanov, Uiyanovsk, Russia.

MAGADIEV M.F. – Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor Department of Public Administration in foreign policy activities of the diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the RAEN, Moscow, Russia.

MAKAROV E.P. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate Professor of the department Philosophy, social sciences and humanities, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia.

MENG QIAN – Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, the People's Republic of China.

MUAMAR F. – PhD Candidate, Political Science and International Relations, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

MUSAYEVA S.KH. – PhD candidate of the Department of “Anthropology” of the Institute of Archeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan.

PEREKHOZHIKH S.A. – Graduate student of Moscow City pedagogical university, Moscow, Russia.

POBEDIN P.K. – PhD student, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia.

SERAVIN A.I. – Applicant for the North-Western Institute management (branch) of the RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia.

SHAVLAEVA T.M. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Department of Ethnology of the Institute of Humanitarian Research of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia.

SINITSYNA E.I. – Graduate student, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia.

TALTSEV A.N. – Applicant for the degree of candidate of historical sciences North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurova, Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia-Alania, Russia.

TUSHKOV A.A. – Postgraduate student of Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia.

VEDMANOV O.N. – Applicant of the Department of History, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia.

VLASOV M.YA. – Graduate student of the Department of History and Political Theory Faculty of Political Science of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

XIANG YIYUAN – Postgraduate Student, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.

ZHARKOV A.A. – Post-Graduate Degree Student, Diplomatic Academy of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

ZHENWEI DONG – Postgraduate student, epartment of Public Policy and History State and Law of the Law Institute of the Russian, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia.

ZIBOROV D.M. – Applicant for a Degree Candidate of Historical Sciences, chair of Russian history of the XIX century and the beginning of XX century, Department of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 13. Issue 8 (101), 2023

CONTENTS

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Kolupaev D.V. National Interests and Dynasty: the Antinomy of Imperial Power and the Emerging Nation-State in Pre-Revolutionary Russia
• Berestennikova E.A. The Cooperative System in the Economic Life of the Far Eastern Region in the 20s of the XX Century
• Vedmanov O.N. Development of the Leather and Shoe Industry of the Ulyanovsk Region in 1976-1980
• Gadzhieva Z.N., Kharisova Z.G. Unemployment in the Republic of Dagestan in the 90s XX Century: Gender Aspect
• Gazieva A.A. Wedding Traditions of the Russian Population of Dagestan in the 80s-90s. XX Century (on the Example of the Kizlyar Region)
• Gataullina I.A. The Role of Kazan in the Formation and Development of Computer Science in the USSR: to the Question of the Origins of Information Openness
• Ziborov D.M. “A Note on General Measures in Case of a Break with China” by Major General L.N. Sobolev: A Plan for a Unhappened War with the Qing Empire
• Iskaliev A.K. Organization of Scientific Activity of Students of the Moscow Imperial University in the Period of 1860-1890-Ies
• Kisilev K.V. From the Experience of Regional Periodicals During the Great Patriotic War (Based on the Materials of the Ulyanovsk Region)
• Krasnova R.R. Organization of Leisure Activities of Schoolchildren in the 1930s. (Based on the Material of the Future Ulyanovsk Region)
• Musayeva S.Kh. Features of the Ethnocultural Development of the Tsakhurs
• Perekhozhikh S.A. Moscow and Muscovites on the Pages of the Newspaper "Moscow News" in 1987
• Taltsev A.N. The Role of Education in the Daily Life of the Population of Stavropol During the Great Patriotic War
• Khoshev A.Yu. Resumption of Construction of the Church of St. Sava on Vračar in the Context of Russian-Serbian Interchurch Relations in the 1980s-1990s.
• Shavlaeva T.M. Clergy of the Historical Region of Chechnya Cheberloy: Missionary Sheikh G1ada (Based on Field Materials)

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

• Boltenkova L.F. Regulation of Gender Issues in the Context of Religion (in Several Articles). Article Five

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Meng Qian. Discourse-Historical Analysis of President Putin's TV Speeches Before the Outbreak of Russia-Ukraine Conflict
• Zharkov A.A. “Imagological” Paradigm within the Complex of “Soft Power”
• Korotkin S.S. Political Identity in the Transformation of Society
• Muamar F. Dogmatics of Islamic Extremism and Ideology
• Pobedin P.K. Prospects for the Development of Digital Technologies and AI in New Territories in the Context of Political Processes and their Design. Modern Realities, Trends and Challenges
• Seravin A.I. Political Framework in Electoral Politics
• Tushkov A.A. Problems of Methodology, Genesis and Features of the Formation of the Scientific Field of the National Maritime Policy of Russia

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

• Vlasov M.Ya. Donbass Phenomenon as a Projectatograd
• Drozhnikov R.A. Foreign Experience of Participation of State Corporations in the Implementation of Priority National Projects

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

• Magadiev M.F. SCO in a Modern System of International Relations: Urgent Problems and Development Trends
• Homich I.I. The Phenomenon of the Civilizational Revolution: Approaches to Understanding and Stages of Implementation
• Benyaminov M.V. The Role of England in the Northern War 1700-1721
• Makarov E.P., Fedotov V.V. Features of the Development of the Socio-Political Sphere of the American Colonies of Great Britain in the 18th Century
• Emelin D.R. Regional Security in the Middle East: Main Challenges
• Krasnikov A.S. The Ambivalent Structure of British National Identity
• Jingyuan Liu, Zhenwei Dong. Different Positions of the USA and China: Impact of the Rebellion of Wagner PMC Rebellion
• Sinitsyna E.I. Interaction Between the U. S. President and the U. S. Congress on Nuclear Arms Control Issues in 2021-2022
• Xiang Yiyuan. The Role of Openness in Energy Transitions: a Comparative Study of China and Southeast Asian Countries
• Huang Mingtuo. History of Evolution of Linguistic and Ethnic Policy in Kazakhstan
• Ivanov E.A., Bogdanova N.V. The Development of the German Energy Sector in the XX-XXI Centuries in the Process of Energiewende (Energy Transition)

Our authors № 8-2023

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.001

D.V. KOLUPAEV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Altai State Technical University named after I.I. Polzunov, Department of "History of State and Law", Barnaul, Russia

NATIONAL INTERESTS AND DYNASTY: THE ANTINOMY OF IMPERIAL POWER AND THE EMERGING NATION-STATE IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA

National interests and dynasty: the antinomy of imperial power and the emerging nation-state in pre-revolutionary Russia. At the end of the reign of Catherine II, two more events occurred that for a long time determined both the foreign and domestic policy of the country. The first event was the French Revolution of 1789. Both the bloody events of the revolution itself and the ideas proclaimed by it went against the system of values on which the autocratic power of the Russian Empire was based. The Russian Empress herself was no stranger to some progressive ideas personally and even corresponded with some French enlightenment philosophers (Voltaire, Diderot). But revolutionary events and, especially, wars sharply tuned the former progressive ruler of Russia to a reactionary mindset. However, being a very smart person, Catherine II did not interfere in military actions herself.

However, being a very intelligent person, Catherine II did not interfere in military operations against revolutionary France herself and limited herself to counter-revolutionary propaganda and providing various assistance to French royalist emigrants. The heir to the Russian throne Pavel married a German princess. Being unloved by his mother, Prince Pavel found himself in fact in the position of an exile in his palace in Gatchina. Around this palace, a world of German princes, exiled by the French revolutionary troops, relatives of their wives, with their parochial interests, problems of the German world of that time, in general, the system of values of small towns and the state interests of Central Europe, developed. It was into this "intellectual" environment that the heir, Grand Duke Alexander, periodically visited his father in his yard (the crowned grandmother was engaged in raising the heir from a young age). Moreover, the future Emperor Alexander I himself was married to a South German Baden princess.

So from a very young age, the future Russian autocrat was immersed in the atmosphere of German political affairs, intrigues, all kinds of squabbles and petty calculations of the German sovereign princes. In this environment, he, the future "Agamemnon" of Europe, was instilled with a mighty reverence for the Austrian Habsburgs, the Prussian Hohenzollerns, and was instilled with priority in solving the tasks of the all-German policy. Thus, the Russian Romanov dynasty gradually dissolved into the dynasty of the German sovereign princes of Holstein – Gottopor.

Key words: Napoleon and Russia, national interests and dynasty, Alexander I and the Napoleonic Wars.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.002

E.A. BERESTENNIKOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Far Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russia

THE COOPERATIVE SYSTEM IN THE ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE FAR EASTERN REGION IN THE 20S OF THE XX CENTURY

The article is devoted to the results of a study conducted to identify the role of cooperation in solving the socio-economic problems of the Far Eastern region at the stage of overcoming the socio-political and economic crisis in the early-late 20s of the XX century. Of particular importance is the experience of previous years, which showed that the cooperative form of management, as the most adapted to local conditions, was in the Russian Far East a way of economic protection of the population in transition periods. In this regard, conducting a comparative study of the cooperative form of management of the NEP market allows us to determine the peculiarities of adaptation of consumer organizations in various historical periods. Of particular importance is the study of issues that consider state policy in the field of cooperation, as well as the identification of factors contributing to the activation of cooperative activities in difficult years of political and economic crises.

Key words: cooperation, consumer societies, commercial cooperation, credit cooperation, agricultural cooperation, cooperative system, cooperative model.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.003

O.N. VEDMANOV Applicant of the Department of History, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEATHER AND SHOE INDUSTRY OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION IN 1976-1980

This article is devoted to the actual problems of the development of the leather and footwear industry of the Ulyanovsk region during the tenth five-year plan. In the course of the work, the author, on the basis of previously unknown archival documents from the depositories of the State Archive of Contemporary History of the Ulyanovsk Region and the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region, as well as materials from the periodical press, considered in dynamics the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the activities of the Ulyanovsk Leather and Footwear Factory, studied the optimization of the production capacities of the leather and shoe industry, determined the nature of the activities carried out by the party and the management of the enterprise, aimed at expanding the range and improving the quality of products, and established factors that slowed down the pace of development of the leather and footwear industry. In conclusion, the author came to the conclusion that due to the competent and timely solution of problems by the leadership of the Ulyanovsk Leather and Footwear Plant, in the Ulyanovsk region during the tenth five-year plan, there was a systematic increase in the share of the leather and footwear industry in the total gross output of the light industry, and the population was uninterrupted supplied with quality products.

Key words: Ulyanovsk province, light industry, leather and footwear industry, re-equipment, product range, product quality, personnel training.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.004

Z.N. GADZHIEVA Researcher, Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography Dagestan Federal Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Russia

Z.G. KHARISOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Lecturer of the History of the Department of Social and Legal Disciplines North Caucasian Institute (branch) All-Russian State University of Justice Russian Law Academy of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, Makhachkala, Russia

UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN IN THE 90S XX CENTURY: GENDER ASPECT

Ensuring gender equality in economic and other spheres of activity has now acquired particular relevance throughout the world. In the North Caucasus, in general, and Dagestan, in particular, given its labour surplus and high level of social tension, this problem is particularly acute. The unfavorable situation in the labor market for women here is due to the predominance of gender stereotypes in the public consciousness, which predetermine the attitude towards women's work, the selection of personnel for jobs, both at the level of society and the heads of enterprises, as well as women themselves, which gives rise to a number of social economic problems. The article highlights the factors influencing the characteristics of female unemployment in the republic, and also notes the differences that existed during the study period in the socio-demographic composition of unemployed women living in rural areas and unemployed women living in the cities of Dagestan.

Key words: Dagestan, economy, unemployment, labor market, gender, woman.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.005

A.A. GAZIEVA Junior researcher Department of Modern and Contemporary History of Dagestan, Dagestan Federal Research Center RAS, Makhachkala, Russia

WEDDING TRADITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION OF DAGESTAN IN THE 80S-90S. XX CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KIZLYAR REGION)

In the article, on the basis of a comparative – historical method, the issue of family, marriage rituals of the Russian population of Dagestan in the 80s-90s is considered. XX century. Each structural element of the marriage tradition is revealed in detail. We are making an attempt to trace the transformation of the marriage rituals of rural Russians in the region in the context of urbanization, the beginning of globalization processes and multiculturalism.

Key words: village, Russians, Kizlyar, wedding, traditions, perestroika.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.006

I.A. GATAULLINA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Sociology, Political Science and Management, Institute of Engineering Economics and Entrepreneurship, A.N. Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University – KAI, Kazan, Russia

THE ROLE OF KAZAN IN THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE IN THE USSR: TO THE QUESTION OF THE ORIGINS OF INFORMATION OPENNESS

The article attempts to establish the influence of spontaneously occurring, deep socio-cultural processes of a certain territory on the formation of innovative vectors of the country's development as a reflection of its regional diversity transformed in time and space. The emergence in Kazan of the largest printing production in pre-revolutionary Russia, which was upset during the years of hardship, is considered as a prerequisite for the formation of a new industry on the basis of a technical workshop recreated during the NEP, and then – a factory for the manufacture of typewriters. Attention is paid to the political and ideological component of the system of state socialism, which subordinated the modernization process to universal planning and regulation. It is substantiated that the transformation of Kazan into a powerful scientific and experimental center in the military period became a factor in the implementation of the nuclear missile shield program – the main project of the beginning of the Cold War era, the implementation of which was impossible outside the automation of research and complex calculations. The analysis of Kazan Computing Machines Plant activity shows the uneven development of the industry: from the rapid take-off in the 1960s, when samples were created that were not inferior to Western models, to its gradual slowdown in the late Soviet period, in which, despite the accumulated experience and high professionalism of designers and production teams, a number of projects were not implemented, and some directions were recognized as erroneous. It is argued that the curtailment of original domestic developments of medium-class computers in Kazan, like the story of the first USSR typewriter "Yanalif", is an inevitable consequence of the contradiction between the centralizing and decentralizing lines of the country's development in favor of the former – powerful, all-consuming, but historically doomed.

Key words: Kazan, "Pishmash", "Yanalif", computer technology, "electronic socialism", nuclear missile shield, modernization, information openness.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.007

D.M. ZIBOROV Applicant for a Degree Candidate of Historical Sciences, chair of Russian history of the XIX century and the beginning of XX century, Department of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

“A NOTE ON GENERAL MEASURES IN CASE OF A BREAK WITH CHINA” BY MAJOR GENERAL L.N. SOBOLEV: A PLAN FOR A UNHAPPENED WAR WITH THE QING EMPIRE

The article deals with the note of Major General of the General Staff L.N. Sobolev, approved by the political leadership of the country in 1880 and considered as a plan for waging war with China in case of impossibility of a diplomatic settlement of the Ili crisis and the outbreak of hostilities. A significant place is given to the publication of the full text of the note, which has not been published until now, with the preservation of the author's spelling when writing the names of geographical objects, many of which have now changed their name in Russian translation. The international situation, the features of Russian-Chinese relations, which led to the appearance of this document, are analyzed. Sobolev's note is an important source for studying the policy of the Russian Empire during the Ili crisis, indicating the level of tension between the two empires, which reached its peak by the end of 1880.

Key words: Russian Empire, China, L.N. Sobolev, Ili crisis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.008

A.K. ISKALIEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History of the Middle Ages and Modern Times of the State University of Enlightenment, Mytishchi, Moscow region, Russia

ORGANIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS OF THE MOSCOW IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY IN THE PERIOD OF 1860-1890-IES

The paper examines the organization of scientific activity of students at the Moscow Imperial University. The author analyzes the scientific activity of students during the period of attempts by the authorities of the Russian Empire to modernize university education. A special emphasis in the work is given to the influence of professors to stimulate students to research activities. In conclusion, the author concludes that the scientific activity of students served as the main way to fight against the revolutionary radicalization of students. The purpose of this study is to study the education of students of the Moscow Imperial University in the 1860s-1890s through the prism of the organization of research activities. The scientific significance of the work lies in the fact that the study focuses on identifying the factors of the formation of research activities of students at the Moscow Imperial University. The historical-genetic method, descriptive-narrative method, periodization method were used in the formation of students' research activities. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that professors and teachers played an important role in the formation and stimulation of students' research activities, who aroused students' interest in their disciplines, as well as the university board, which considered scientific activity the main way to combat the spread of revolutionary agitation.

Key words: Russian students, scientific activity, Moscow Imperial University, university charter, student youth, students.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.009

K.V. KISILEV Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF REGIONAL PERIODICALS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION)

The article examines the role of mass media – periodicals in the organization of agitation and propaganda activities of local party and state bodies. With the outbreak of the war, the local Soviet and party-state leadership set specific tasks to the editorial boards of district and rural newspapers to mobilize workers to fulfill the production tasks facing the villagers. All the activities of the newspapers were subordinated to the main tasks – the mobilization of the working masses for selfless work to fulfill all the tasks of the party and the government, for maximum organization. In the process of preparing the article, the author for the first time introduced the scientific circulation of archival sources from the State Archive of the Modern History of the Ulyanovsk region (GANI UO) and the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region (hereinafter GAO).

Key words: War, newspaper, periodical press, collective farm, victory, enemy, agitation, political information.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.010

R.R. KRASNOVA Candidate of the Department of History, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N.Ulyanov, Uiyanovsk, Russia

ORGANIZATION OF LEISURE ACTIVITIES OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN THE 1930S. (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE FUTURE ULYANOVSK REGION)

In this article, based on archival documents and periodicals, the article provides an analysis of the organization of leisure activities of schoolchildren in the 1930s. An integrated approach, the diversity of its implementation provides extensive experience for the modern embodiment of the most successful moments for working with schoolchildren at the present time.

Key words: soviet school, schoolchildren, soviet teacher, leisure, additional education, pioneers.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.011

S.KH. MUSAYEVA PhD candidate of the Department of “Anthropology” of the Institute of Archeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan

FEATURES OF THE ETHNOCULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TSAKHURS

Ethno-culture is a set of traditional values, material and moral attitudes and behavioral characteristics of the life of an ethnic group, a form of self-expression of people formed in the past, formed in historical social dynamics and constantly enriched by ethnic specifics.

The ethno-cultural development of the Tsakhurs has its own peculiarities. Tsakhurs living in the multinational Republic of Azerbaijan have their own language, traditions, religious and cultural specifics. Distinguished by centuries-old history and mythology, moral principles, national identity and character, the Tsakhurs feel themselves citizens of this republic.

National issues are always relevant in our multinational country. Therefore, the effective implementation of political, socio-economic programs and cultural projects is impossible without taking into account the dynamics of ethno-cultural events and the peculiarities of their development. Therefore, the ethno-cultural analysis of the Tsakhurs is one of the topical issues.

The subject of the study is the study of the ethno-cultural development of the Tsakhurs in the context of socio-economic transformations and global changes taking place in Azerbaijan. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that scientific ideas about the Tsakhurs are generalized by analyzing the content and interaction of their main ethno-cultural categories, which indicates that the Tsakhurs as an ethnos have passed a difficult path of development. Consequently, within the framework of the studied problem, the characteristic features of the Tsakhur people as an ethnos were identified: 1) ethnonym; 2) territorial integrity as a condition for the formation and existence of an ethnos; 3) the presence of anthropological features; 4) religious beliefs.

The presented study reveals the structure and characteristic features of the process of ethnocultural development of the Tsakhurs as one of the modern aspects of cultural dynamics, and also presents the main factors of their ethnocultural development.

Key words: Azerbaijan, Tsakhurs, ethno-cultural development, traditions, modernity, ethnonym.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.012

S.A. PEREKHOZHIKH Graduate student of Moscow City pedagogical university, Moscow, Russia

MOSCOW AND MUSCOVITES ON THE PAGES OF THE NEWSPAPER "MOSCOW NEWS" IN 1987

The article is devoted to the political, socio-economic and cultural features of life in the capital of the USSR, which were reflected in the publications of the weekly socio-political newspaper “Moscow News”. After the appointment of Yegor Vladimirovich Yakovlev as the new editor-in-chief of the newspaper in August 1986, MN enjoyed great popularity both in the USSR and abroad during the years of perestroika. This is confirmed by the huge circulation of the newspaper in Russian, English, French, German, Spanish and other languages. Analysis of the headings and columns of the capital's news for 1987 allows us to identify the main problems and processes that took place in the capital during this difficult period, when the whole country lived under perestroika conditions. It is important that the party leader of the capital at that moment was B.N. Yeltsin, who headed the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU, and this left a special imprint on the events. Based on the publications of this popular publication, the author attempted to identify the most pressing problems in the life of the capital city.

Key words: “Moscow News”, newspaper, media, Moscow, Soviet society, perestroika, West.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.013

A.N. TALTSEV Applicant for the degree of candidate of historical sciences North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurova, Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia-Alania, Russia

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN THE DAILY LIFE OF THE POPULATION OF STAVROPOL DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

The article attempts to reconstruct the role of education in the daily life of the population of Stavropol during the Great Patriotic War. The relevance of the study is due to the need, especially against the background of modern attempts to falsify history, the memory of the Great Patriotic War. Everyday labor and business practices of the inhabitants of Stavropol, which include education at school, at the university, during the war years were filled with new meanings and acquired other values. The practical significance of the study is expressed in the possibility of using its results in restoring the regional history of everyday life in all its aspects during the Great Patriotic War. The methodological potential of the study is revealed in the possibility of using its material at the level of a higher educational institution, when conducting classes in the history of Russia. Scientific novelty lies in a new look at education as part of everyday life, in the involvement of unpublished materials from central and local archives. The results of the study indicate that at different stages of the war, despite the objective difficulties of wartime, educational activities continued in the region. Staying at school, studying at a university for students has become not just a way to gain knowledge and experience, but also a means of survival. The craving for knowledge, which intensified against the background of trials, contributed to the emergence of a special motivation for learning, as evidenced by the excellent academic performance of the first post-war years.

Key words: school education during the war years, universities during the war years, teachers, students, shortage of personnel, student dropout.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.014

A.Yu. KHOSHEV Candidate of Technical Sciences, Master of Theology, doctoral student at the All-Church Postgraduate and Doctoral School named after Saints Cyril and Methodius; employee of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate, Moscow, Russia

RESUMPTION OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE CHURCH OF ST. SAVA ON VRAČAR IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIAN-SERBIAN INTERCHURCH RELATIONS IN THE 1980S-1990S.

Cathedral of St. Sava on Vračar plateau in Belgrade is one of the largest Orthodox churches in the world. Work on its construction, begun in 1935 and interrupted by the Nazi occupation of Yugoslavia, in the post-war period was frozen for a long time due to the anti-church position of the communist authorities, being resumed only in 1985. The article presents the development of the question of the fate of the construction of the church of St. Savva on Vračar during the years of socialism, as well as on the resumption and completion of its construction. The main stages of this history are correlated in the article with documentary evidence of important milestones in the development of relations between the Russian and Serbian Orthodox Churches since the early 1970s until the completion of the construction of the cathedral in 2004. The article uses a number of unpublished documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the State Archive of Serbia (srb. Državni Arhiv Srbije) and the Archive of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate.

Key words: church of Saint Sava, Serbian Orthodox Church, interchurch relations, Patriarch Serbian Patriarch German, Serbian Patriarch Paul, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Pimen, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy II.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.015

T.M. SHAVLAEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Department of Ethnology of the Institute of Humanitarian Research of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia

CLERGY OF THE HISTORICAL REGION OF CHECHNYA CHEBERLOY: MISSIONARY SHEIKH G1ADA (BASED ON FIELD MATERIALS)

This article is dedicated to a sheikh named G1ada, whose missionary activity began at the end of the third quarter of the XIV century and continued until the end of the century in the Chechen region of Upper Cheberloy. The appearance of missionaries in Cheberloy – in an area closely adjacent to the previously Islamized Dagestan, through which, in fact, Islam penetrated into Chechnya, is not surprising. The basis for the article was field materials collected for a long time among the natives of the Chechen Tukkhum Cheberloy, centered in the village of Makazhoy. Avoiding the esoteric moments introduced into the biography of the sheikh, which inevitably happens in the popular environment, we tried to use only information that has a stable form, transmitted from generation to generation. It is emphasized that some information from literary sources referred to by modern researchers did not take place in the biography of the sheikh, and are the result of distortions in the interpretation of the chronology of events and names. The young man arrived in Cheberloy on a mission to spread the Islamic religion. Until his death, he was constantly in Cheberloy. The sheikh and his family members are buried in Makazhoy, there is a Ziyarat – a place for pilgrims to visit to venerate the Sheikh. His methods of missionary activity did not include elements of religious inculcation, loud appeals, participation in battles and punishments for unwillingness to join a new religion. Moreover, Sheikh G1ada was not a contemporary of Sheikh Bersa to be killed by him. He did not participate at the head of the robberies of the people committed under the banner of converting infidels to Islam. The Sheikh deserved the immense love of the people not by participating in raids or even in battles for the faith, but by his humanity, barakat and high spirituality, as well as hard work, responsiveness and selflessness.

Key words: Chechnya, Cheberloy, Makazhoy, Sheikh G1ada, Sheikh Yunus, Sheikh Bersa, missionary activity, humanism, Ziyarat.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.016

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Law, Professor, Moscow, Russia

REGULATION OF GENDER ISSUES IN THE CONTEXT OF RELIGION (IN SEVERAL ARTICLES) ARTICLE FIVE

The article, taking into account the growing trend of neglect of spiritual and moral values in the field of sex, reveals the religious (Christian) foundations of sexual policy, philosophical and theological views on this issue and formulates proposals for regulating existing and emerging problems.

Key words: Constitution, Bible, God, God's Commandments, gender, man, woman, family, bisexuality, legislation.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.017

MENG QIAN Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, The People's Republic of China

DISCOURSE-HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT PUTIN'S TV SPEECHES BEFORE THE OUTBREAK OF RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT

The Russia-Ukraine conflict constantly attracts attention from international community. Based on the materials of the Russia President Vladimir Putin's television speeches on 21 February 2022 and 24 February 2022, this paper analyses the materials in terms of themes and discourse strategies and investigates the reasons for the outbreak of the conflict through the Discourse-Historical Approach proposed by Ruth Wodak. The research results show that President Putin used discourse strategies in his speeches to systematically criticize Ukraine and NATO. He described Russia as the “threatened” in the international community and justified the special operation as self-defense.

Key words: Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA), Vladimir Putin, critical discourse analysis (CDA), the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.018

A.A. ZHARKOV Post-Graduate Degree Student, Diplomatic Academy of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

“IMAGOLOGICAL” PARADIGM WITHIN THE COMPLEX OF “SOFT POWER”

“Soft power” is, by all accounts, one of the most important instruments in the foreign policy of modern nation – states; they actively utilize it as means of promoting their respective national interests as well as socio-cultural dominants. This article seeks to explore one of the two basic methodological approaches that can be found in all modern researches devoted to the present subject – the so-called “imagological” approach, in accordance with which the concept of “soft power” is understood as purposeful power projection directed at creating an appealing, “positive” public image of the relevant socio-cultural entity in the eyes of a foreign collective that is being exposed to that process.

Key words: “soft power”, imagology, “imagological” paradigm, image, public image, national culture, socio-cultural dominant, archetype, stereotype.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.019

S.S. KOROTKIN Graduate student, Department of Political Science and Applied Political Work Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL IDENTITY IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIETY

The article analyzes the modern challenges that society faces, the changes that affect the citizens of society, social and political identity. The article reveals the factors influencing the political identity of citizens. The key factors underlying conservative and liberal identities are given. The importance of the media factor influencing the identity of a citizen and society as a whole, psychological factors caused by social changes in society are revealed.

Key words: political identity, politics, media, social change, political psychology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.020

F. MUAMAR PhD Candidate, Political Science and International Relations, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

DOGMATICS OF ISLAMIC EXTREMISM AND IDEOLOGY

The paper reveals the main causes in forming the Islamic extremism kind of terrorism in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The paper describes similarities between cases from the history of the MENA region and the modern situation of the region, concerning the Islamic extremism kind of terrorism and its consequences on the MENA region and Europe. In the scholarly literature the problem is very well studied, but lacks solutions to the problem and its roots.

Deradicalization projects oriented on individuals, groups or societies can be a solution to the problem of the Islamic extremism kind of terrorism in the MENA region. They can best be performed by former terrorists and former Jihadists by direct involvement and discussions with radicalized people, or by indirectly by recording their experiences and sharing it with the still radicalized people.

Based on these, the existing scholarly literature form strong basis, upon which development programs and preventive diplomacy may be established. Understanding the societies, to which terrorists belong to, can lead to forming development programs to those societies and preventive policies in fighting a possible emergence of the Islamic extremism kind of terrorism. (Preventive diplomacy in relation to a possible emergence of the Islamic extremism kind of terrorism in the MENA region).

Key words: MENA, Middle East, North Africa, deradicalization, extremism, terror, ISIS, Islamic State in Iraq and Levante, Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, Islamic state, Jihad, counterterrorism, Quran, The Hadith, violence, radicalism, Islamic text, Islamic history.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.021

P.K. POBEDIN PhD student, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND AI IN NEW TERRITORIES IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL PROCESSES AND THEIR DESIGN. MODERN REALITIES, TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

The text examines the impact of the introduction of new technologies in new territories in the context of political processes in the ratio of tasks performed by humans and tasks performed by machines, also focuses on the nature of possible changes, their scale or speed of application. The purpose of the text is to provide as comprehensive an overview as possible of changes and scenarios of expected development due to the intensity of the introduction of digital technologies, automation and robotization of political processes.

Key words: automation, digitization, flexible forms, new forms of interaction, robotization, social systems, new territories.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.022

A.I. SERAVIN Applicant for the North-Western Institute management (branch) of the RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia

POLITICAL FRAMEWORK IN ELECTORAL POLITICS

The article deals with the problems of framing in electoral politics, notes the shift in the focus of research on electoral politics from an ideological context towards voting on specific political issues or candidates. The study shows that the modern understanding of the democratic process of political decision-making is a problem for the analysis of the behavior of voters and their participation in political life. Research on framing effects has expanded understanding of the complex interactions within political campaigns. The article concludes that frames are "storylines" or constructions of a political problem, carry the meaning of the message intended for the target audience. Frames organize the meaning of the message necessary for the electorate, form the semantic load of the necessary message, determine the essence of the message. Frames are important in an electoral campaign because candidates and the media use political communication tools – “frames” to create targeted messages, to form targeted political communications and voter outreach strategies. Frames influence voters' opinions about candidates and parties.

Key words: frames, political communication, political technology, electoral politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.023

A.A. TUSHKOV Postgraduate student of Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia

PROBLEMS OF METHODOLOGY, GENESIS AND FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC FIELD OF THE NATIONAL MARITIME POLICY OF RUSSIA

The phenomenon of the national maritime policy of the Russian Federation is one of the concepts in the understanding and perception of the development strategy of the modern state. From this point of view, the maritime policy appears as a social mechanism aimed at solving the tasks of ensuring the national interests of the Russian Federation in the World Ocean. However, the Maritime Doctrine approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 512 dated 31.07.2022 [5] does not provide answers to questions concerning the essential properties of maritime policy, its functions and structure. The tasks set by the author in the proposed article dictate a research strategy, according to which the essence of maritime policy is considered as an integral and qualitatively defined area of world politics and the activities of political institutions of society to ensure national interests in the oceans.

Key words: Maritime doctrine of Russia, national maritime policy of the Russian Federation, national interests of Russia, epistemological justification of the scientific category of national maritime policy.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.024

M.YA. VLASOV Graduate student of the Department of History and Political Theory Faculty of Political Science of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

DONBASS PHENOMENON AS A PROJECTATOGRAD

At present, the phenomenon of Donbass as a project city is a very topical topic in the context of the SMO. The political science world was interested in the phenomenon of the rebellious Donbass, the underlying reasons for such an uprising. In the course of the study, it was noted that the reasons for the uprising are of a deep nature. In the course of the study, it was noted that subjective perceptions of Donbas conceptology as a project city of the future play a very important role. The study revealed how the phenomenon of dynamic change of the regional situation is becoming more and more relevant to a competent study of social, socio-political and socio-cultural life in the Donbass as a phenomenal layer of culture.

However, due to the novelty of this phenomenon, it has not been covered in the scientific world either from psycholinguistic or socio-social points of view, which explains the relevance of our study, which aims to identify new, previously unexplored moments of the phenomenon of Donbass as a projectograd of the future.

The purpose of the study determines the following tasks:

1) consideration of the research topic from a theoretical point of view;

2) comparison of psycholinguistic and psychological phenomena that contribute to the disclosure of the research topic.

The methods of research are the historical method and the comparative method. These two methods will help to qualitatively compare and contrast the existing phenomena in the future, to make a generalizing conclusion concerning the topic of our research.

The results of the research are the results which show that modern events forced the people of Donbass to forget the former divisions and to unite into the future projectograd.

The conclusion from our research is the fixation of the cultural phenomenon of the Donbass, which united and appears as a single force exactly after the beginning of hostilities in 2014 and received an intensive acceleration after the beginning of SSO in 2022. It is this fact that speaks of the phenomenon of Donbass as a projectograd.

Key words: Donbass, project city, unification, phenomenon, cultural layers.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.025

R.A. DROZHNIKOV A graduate student of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF PARTICIPATION OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRIORITY NATIONAL PROJECTS

The article deals with topical aspects of the foreign experience of the owners of state corporations in the implementation of priority individual projects.

The author of the consideration of criminal cases and mechanisms for achieving the state goals of the country's development. It is noted that the implementation of individual projects with the involvement of state corporations is included in the dependence on specific countries and sectors of the economy in which they participate.

Emphasis is placed on the effectiveness of efficiency gains, use of resources, evaluation of the effectiveness of the results, the likelihood of risk and risk, as well as the risk of judicial and infrastructure support for public corporations.

Key words: national projects, corporations, state, economic development, society, business.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.026

M.F. MAGADIEV Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor Department of Public Administration in foreign policy activities of the diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the RAEN, Moscow, Russia

SCO IN A MODERN SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: URGENT PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

This article considers the current state and the main directions of the development of relations in the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The author of the article draws attention to the fact that the complex and multifaceted process of regional integration on the example of the SCO is the most important trend in the development of international relations in the trade, economic and political spheres, as well as in the field of international and regional security.

Key words: geopolitics, integration, international relations, trade and economic relations, cyberism, international and regional security, SCO.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.027

I.I. HOMICH Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Sciences and International Relations, Taurida Academy of the Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia

THE PHENOMENON OF THE CIVILIZATIONAL REVOLUTION: APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING AND STAGES OF IMPLEMENTATION

The article describes the civilizational revolution as a process of forcible change of civilizational identity through the transformation of the civilizational matrix. The civilizational revolution can be carried out both in the course of a natural historical process and under the influence of external factors within the framework of a geopolitical struggle. Within the framework of global competition, civilizations can use the tool of forcible change of civilizational identity to achieve their own goals. The article describes the stages of the civilizational revolution, including the discrediting of the current identity, the popularization of a new project, the replacement of the ruling elite and the subsequent transformation of the civilizational identity to an alternative one.

Key words: civilization, civilizational revolution, civilizational identity, geopolitical confrontation, Ukrainian conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.028

M.V. BENYAMINOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History of the Middle Ages and Modern Times, State University of Education, Mytishchi, Russia

THE ROLE OF ENGLAND IN THE NORTHERN WAR 1700-1721

The article examines the role of England in the Northern War of 1700-1721 between Russia and Sweden. It is considered the reasons for the involvement of England in this conflict, its position and specific policy in this confrontation. This article is of interest, because on the basis of the analysis of England's involvement in the Northern War, it is possible to understand the nature of the confrontation between Western countries and Russia, its causes, trends and patterns, both throughout centuries of history and nowadays.

Key words: England, Russia, Sweden, Northern war, political balance of power, hegemony, hybrid warfare.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.029

E.P. MAKAROV Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate Professor of the department Philosophy, social sciences and humanities, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia

V.V. FEDOTOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate Professor of the department Philosophy, social sciences and humanities, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIO-POLITICAL SPHERE OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES OF GREAT BRITAIN IN THE 18TH CENTURY

The study examines a number of aspects of the socio-political development of British colonial possessions in North America. Special attention is paid to the issues of the gradual cultural and political cohesion of American society. Also the subject of scientific analysis is the evolution of local political and administrative structures of the North American provinces and their impact on the colonial society of the 18th century before the start of the American War of Independence.

Key words: Great Britain, North America, colonial policy, American Revolutionary War, eighteenth century.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.030

D.R. EMELIN Graduate stundent, Faculty of Global Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

REGIONAL SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST: MAIN CHALLENGES

Introduction. The development of any region of the planet is directly related to ensuring regional security. However, there are regions that are subject to permanent conflict, one of which is the Middle East. Being the undisputed leader in the number of various crises that have befallen this region, the Middle Eastern states are making various efforts to establish a system of regional security. Goal and tasks. The purpose of this article is to reveal the current state of interstate relations in the countries of the Middle East, which are currently undergoing dramatic changes. More and more countries that in the recent past were irreconcilable opponents are gradually taking steps that are developing positively in the framework of establishing more equal bilateral relations. Materials and methods. To consider the most acute problems on the way to the formation of regional security, content analysis was used in the process of studying the works of both foreign and domestic researchers, a systematic approach that was necessary to consider the influence of religious-ethnic socio-economic and political factors. Results. This article provides an overview of the main problems that hinder the development of a much-needed structure in the Middle East. The article also discusses the issue of interests of non-regional actors, which are directly related to the deepening of existing contradictions between the states of this region. Conclusions. In modern realities, a number of Middle Eastern countries are becoming increasingly important as not only regional, but global actors actively influencing the development of the international environment, which ultimately leads to gradual changes in the direction of a multipolar international system.

Key words: Middle East, regional security, international terrorism, Sunni-Shia confrontation, integration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.031

A.S. KRASNIKOV PhD student, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE AMBIVALENT STRUCTURE OF BRITISH NATIONAL IDENTITY

The article analyzes the British national identity and its categorical structure in terms of approaches to the nation studies. The main purpose of the study was to show the controversial contents of the design of the British national identity, taking into account the categorical distinction of civic and ethnic (cultural) approaches within the framework of understanding the category of "nation". The author suggests a vision of British national identity as, on the one hand, historically successive, and at the same time, adaptive and transforming in terms of its value contents. The proposed study shows the ambivalent nature of British national identity, in which civil and ethno-cultural factors manifest in a single structural framework. Taking into account the content duality of the British national identity, the article analyzes and considers in historical dynamic such components of the phenomenon as religious factor, language, citizenship, state symbols and institutions, political and economic conditions in terms of their role in the development of the structure. Although the concept of British national identity remains politically relevant, the broad inclusiveness of the identity, based on the nature of its core components, weakens its position as a nationwide integrating force. Against the backdrop of a parallel trend in the UK towards a dual national identity, as well as regular attempts to reformat the content of the British national identity, the most likely scenario is that the British national identity will not be able to maintain its position as the most preferred form of self-identification of the citizens of the United Kingdom.

Key words: national identity, Britishness, Great Britain.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.032

JINGYUAN LIU Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

ZHENWEI DONG Postgraduate student, Department of Public Policy and History State and Law of the Law Institute of the Russian, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

DIFFERENT POSITIONS OF THE USA AND CHINA: IMPACT OF THE REBELLION OF WAGNER PMC REBELLION

This article analyzes the causes and characteristics of this armed Wagner Group rebellion and its impact on the situation of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict from the point of view of Chinese and American political scientists. Comparing the different positions of China and the United States regarding the impact of the Wagner armed insurrection, it is concluded that Russia must maintain internal order and stability and not allow opponents of the Russian Federation to use the chaos around the insurrection.

Key words: Wagner Group rebellion, Russia, China, USA, causes, characteristics, influence, positions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.033

E.I. SINITSYNA Graduate student, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia

INTERACTION BETWEEN THE U.S. PRESIDENT AND THE U.S. CONGRESS ON NUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL ISSUES IN 2021-2022

The article examines the peculiarities of interaction between the executive and legislative branches of the U.S. government on arms control issues in 2021-2022, which corresponds to the first half of Biden's presidential term and the work of the 117th U.S. Congress. The article is based on an analysis of the 2022 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) and U.S. legislation. Much attention was paid to two key issues identified in the new NPR: U.S. relations with Russia and China on arms control issues, and modernization of the U.S. nuclear arsenal. As a result, it was concluded that, in general, the Biden administration's policy in the field of arms control is aimed at ensuring reliable nuclear deterrence of China and Russia and modernizing the U.S. nuclear arsenal. At the same time, arms control remains a controversial issue on which intense discussions are being held in the U. S. highest authorities. Even when the Democratic Party controlled both the executive and legislative branches of government, the President's decisions were subject to significant adjustments by Congress.

Key words: nuclear weapons, arms control, J. Biden, U.S. Congress, political decision-making, Nuclear Posture Review (NPR).

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.034

XIANG YIYUAN Postgraduate Student, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

THE ROLE OF OPENNESS IN ENERGY TRANSITIONS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHINA AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES

This scientific article presents a comparative study of the role of openness in energy transitions in China and Southeast Asian countries. The research aimed to analyze the impact of openness on energy transitions in both regions. The results emphasized that the role of openness heavily depends on the level of development and capabilities of each actor in the energy sector.

For China, a major power with a well-developed industrial sector, openness represents an opportunity to be part of the global agenda for transitioning to renewable energy sources. Thanks to its high domestic production of technologies and resources, China can comparatively rely more on self-sufficiency to meet its energy needs.

In contrast, Southeast Asian countries need to embrace openness from the early stages of their energy transitions. Their decarbonization policies and transition to renewable energy depend on mutual openness among each other. Limited resources and technologies present challenges for these countries, making cooperation and knowledge exchange crucial factors for successful energy transition.

The article also presents criteria and conditions to assess the openness policies of each side. Furthermore, it analyzes the distinctive features and characteristics of China's and Southeast Asian countries' energy transitions within the context of their openness and international collaboration.

Key words: Energy transitions, China, Southeast Asia, renewable energy sources, international cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.035

HUANG MINGTUO College of Foreign Languages, Nankai University, China

HISTORY OF EVOLUTION OF LINGUISTIC AND ETHNIC POLICY IN KAZAKHSTAN

From the period of tsarist Russia until the collapse of the Soviet Union, language planning in Kazakhstan has focused mainly on the Russian and Kazakh languages and has undergone a change from the predominance of Kazakh over Russian to the equal status of both languages. In a complex linguistic and ethnic context and a changing internal and external situation, the management of language and ethnic issues in Kazakhstan is long-term and complex. As an important country in the post-Soviet space, Kazakhstan has faced complex linguistic and ethnic contradictions, but has retained a harmonious linguistic and ethnic environment. Kazakhstan has largely achieved linguistic and ethnic harmony, where the majority of Kazakhs place national identity above ethnic identity, and the task of using language planning to construct the Kazakh nation has achieved notable results.

Key words: linguistic-ethnic policy, Republic of Kazakhstan, Russification, language planning.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.101.8.036

E.A. IVANOV Master of the International Relations Higher School Humanitarian Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

N.V. BOGDANOVA PhD, Associate Professor of International Relations Higher School, Humanitarian Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GERMAN ENERGY SECTOR IN THE XX-XXI CENTURIES IN THE PROCESS OF ENERGIEWENDE (ENERGY TRANSITION)

This article analyses statistical data on the Energiewende (German energy transition) process in the Federal Republic of Germany: indicators of energy production by different types of energy, changes in the internal political vector in the energy sector in the XX-XXI centuries and significant events associated with this process. The aim of this article is to identify and analyse the main outcomes of German energy policy based on political and social discourse and legislative initiatives. Objectives of the study: to review the development of the German energy sector in the XX-XXI centuries; to trace the German transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources and to assess the risks and prospects for the development of the German energy sector in the current international environment. Methodology and research methods. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the research of foreign and domestic regional experts in the field of sectoral energy policy. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, statistical and content analysis.

Conclusions: Germany's energy sector is experiencing temporary difficulties at the present stage, but the growth dynamics of the renewable and alternative energy component in total production suggests that Germany is making good progress towards its goal of a complete transition to renewable energy. One cannot ignore the fact that by some indicators nuclear power is safer than renewables in terms of generation stability and environmental impact, however, the issue of nuclear energy in Germany is closed in the short term due to social and political movements. The link between legislative initiatives and social discourse, which has been a decisive factor for the development of the German energy sector, is identified.

Key words: German energy sector, energy policy, Green Industrial Revolution, renewable energy, Path-Dependence, political and social discourse, Energiewende, NPP.

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Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 13. Issue 7 (100), 2023

CONTENTS

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Tokareva E.A. On the Issue of the State of the Modern Historical Narrative
• Abrosimov N.S. The Transition of the Bashkir Army to the Side of the Bolsheviks in February 1919 in the Memoirs of Contemporaries and Historiography
• Alexandrov S.G. The Role of Internationalist Warriors and their Importance in the Pre-Draft Training of Young People from 1979 to 1990gg. (Using the Example of the Ulyanovsk Region)
• Shalagina S.V., Galiullina S.D., Safina E.A., Khasanov T.T. To the Problem of the Dynamics of Natural Reproduction of the Urban Population of the Bashkir Autonomous Socialist Republic after the Second World War (1945-1959)
• Bredikhin A.V. Cultural and Philosophical Perception of Eurasian Ideology in Mongolia
• Guseinov A.A. Baku Oil as One of the Key Factors of Victory in the Great Patriotic War
• Du Guoying, Ren Xinru. The Spread and Acceptance of Soviet Films in China in the 1950s
• Kilmamatov R.R. Features of Internal Migration Cossacks-Meshcheryaks in the Southern Urals in the First Half of the XIX Century
• Kulikov A.V. The Influence of the Russian Tsarist Government on the Regional Judicial System as Part of the Judicial Reform of 1864
• Muzychenko O.A. The Newspaper "Chernigov Gubernskie Vedomosti" as a Source about the Economic Life and Property of the Lower Classes of the Population of Starodub'e in the Post-Reform Period
• Myakotin A.A., Kandelaki V.Sh. Work with Citizens' Appeals in the Public Reception of the Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation A.E. Khinshtein
• Nagornaya M.A. The Educational Policy Implementation Practice in the Western Siberia Colonized Regions in the Late XIX – Early XX Centuries
• Nesterova K.A. Projects of the National and Federal Structure of the Post Revolution "New Russia" in the Legacy of Maxim Vinaver (1862-1926)
• Makina A.I. Khakass Traditions of Hunting Assistance
• Popovich N.D. Entrepreneurs in the Moscow City Duma (1897-1916): Personnel
• Seitumerov R.R. Scientific Concepts for the Development of the Russian Banking System Under Restructuring
• Khvastov A.N. Organization of Political Work Among German Prisoners of War In the USSR

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

• Boltenkova L.F. Regulation of Gender Issues in the Context of Religion (in Multiple Articles). Article Four
• Wang Jiaxu. Scientific Content, Main Characteristics and Value Consequences of the New Way of Modernization in the Chinese Style
• Dobrynina E.Ya. The "Digital Revolution" and its Consequences for Modernity (Anthony Giddens' View)
• Denilkhanov A.K. Transformation of the Concept of «Nationalism» in the Russian Liberal Discourse of the XIX-XXI Centuries

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Ostroukh E.I. Political and Historical Background to Integration of Crimea with the Russian Federation
• Zakharov E.A., Gogina L.P. Information Support of the Implementation of Domestic National Policy
• Liang Weiyi. "Common Sense Education" in Modern Chinese Education
• Guan' Boven'. Cultural Policy of the Russian Federation in the Conditions of Globalization: Current Status and Future Guidelines
• Kshov A.S. Comparative Analysis of the Political Programs of the Leading Political Parties of the Modern Russian Federation
• Potapov D.V. Changes in the Political Regime in the Context of the Transit Paradigma
• Ruzavina A.K. Youth Extremism – Threats and Challenges for Modern Russia

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

• Vlasov M.Ya. Prospects for Atomocity, Individual City and Project City: the Impact of New Concepts on the Future of Urbanization
• Mamaeva U.A., Rodionova M.E. Risky Trends in the Development of the Education System in Russia: from Theory to Practice

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

• Nikulin M.A., Efremenkova A.E., Gavrilkin A.V., Brodskaya E.S. Quantitative Assessment of the Political Views of N. Sarkozy, F. Hollande and E. Macron on the European Vector of French Foreign Policy
• Makarov E.P., Kurochkin M.V. Problems of Interaction Between the British Authorities and the Indigenous Peoples of North America after the French and Indian War of 1754-1763
• Masoud Mostajeran Gortani, Gabdullin R.R., Rozhenko A.S. Impact of Natural Gas on the Revision of the Concept of Energy Diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
• Turusbekov D.B. The Role and Place of the EAEU in the Foreign Economic Strategy of the Kyrgyz Republic
• Starostin A.M., Tovanchova E.N. Crypto Innovations as a Concept and Practical Tool of Modern Terrorism

STUDENT SCIENCE

• Aseikin M.M. Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in the Development of Humanitarian Cooperation Between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Azerbaijan
• Zinoveva E.N. The Current Agenda of Minor Parties in Germany
• Myasnikov D.S., Ermolaeva M.S. The Idealized Image of Xi Jinping as an Indicator of Changes in Narrow Chinese Society: Formation Technologies and Structures in the Mass Media

Our authors № 7-2023

NATIONAL HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.001

E.A. TOKAREVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of National History of the Institute of Humanities of the Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF THE STATE OF THE MODERN HISTORICAL NARRATIVE

Studies of the features of the modern blogosphere, which has become one of the ways to spread historical knowledge, are becoming more and more relevant. Participants in the formation of ideas about the history of the country and society today are often not only representatives of the academic community, individual professional researchers, but also creators and authors of blogs.

The purpose of the work is to consider ways of presenting a historical narrative on modern websites, blogs and features of presenting a historical narrative in a modern school textbook. The emphasis on the field of education in the study of historical blogs is necessary and relevant: the historical narrative is included in the public space, including the Internet, which for modern schoolchildren is more attractive than a book, a source of information.

Key words: historical narrative, blogosphere, history textbook, public history.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.002

N.S. ABROSIMOV Senior Lecturer, Ufa State Oil Technological University, Department of Philosophy, History and Social Engineering, Ufa, Russia

THE TRANSITION OF THE BASHKIR ARMY TO THE SIDE OF THE BOLSHEVIKS IN FEBRUARY 1919 IN THE MEMOIRS OF CONTEMPORARIES AND HISTORIOGRAPHY

The article is devoted to the analysis of the events of the transition of the Bashkir army to the side of the Soviet power. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive study of the fact of the transition of the Bashkir troops to the side of the Bolsheviks. The article uses personal diaries and memoirs of red political and military figures. In addition, decrees and correspondence from Moscow and local politicians. The orders and appeals of the opposite side, the local white military leaders, are also covered. Summing up the opinions of contemporaries about the described event, the author proceeds to consider the historiographical aspect of the problem. The largest contemporary works are also mentioned. This article is intended to trace the dynamics of changing opinions about the transition of the Bashkir units to the side of the Red Army. The study showed that the policy of the white movement in relation to the idea of autonomism of indigenous peoples played an important role in the event.

Key words: Civil war, Bashkurdistan, A.-Z. Validov, red, white, national politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.003

S.G. ALEXANDROV Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia

THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONALIST WARRIORS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN THE PRE-DRAFT TRAINING OF YOUNG PEOPLE FROM 1979 TO 1990GG. (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION)

The purpose of the article is that, on the basis of archival materials, to analyze the priority areas of public organizations formed from participants in the Limited Contingent of Soviet Troops in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1990. Participants in the limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan were equated with participants in hostilities. Military-patriotic events, paramilitary games with the participation of pre-conscription youth were developed and implemented with the active participation of the Afghans. At the same time, party-state local authorities actively nominated internationalist soldiers for a leading and political career both through the Komsomol and the local party district committee, and the solution of social issues of internationalist soldiers had an educational aspect. This study is modern, in connection with the conduct of SVO on the western borders of our state.

Key words: Soviet army, Afghanistan, society, servicemen, authorities, social and domestic support, warrior-internationalist, pre-conscription youth, public organizations, participant of hostilities, social benefits, military-patriotic events, paramilitary games.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.004

S.V. SHALAGINA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Department of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies Ufa State Oil Technical University, Ufa, Russia

S.D. GALIULLINA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Head of Department international relations, history and oriental studies of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia

E.A. SAFINA Senior Lecturer at the Department of International relations, history and oriental studies of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia

T.T. KHASANOV Postgraduate student of the Department of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies of the Ufa State Oil Technical University, Ufa, Russia

TO THE PROBLEM OF THE DYNAMICS OF NATURAL REPRODUCTION OF THE URBAN POPULATION OF THE BASHKIR AUTONOMOUS SOCIALIST REPUBLIC AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR (1945-1959)

The article deals with some problems of natural reproduction of the population of the Bashkir Soviet Socialist Autonomous Republic in the post-war period of the last century. Archival sources were studied, on the basis of which historical and statistical calculations of the natural reproduction of the population of Bashkortostan were made in the analyzed years. The nature of the national demographic policy of the Soviet state is revealed on the example of the territorial boundaries of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The legal documents that predetermined the goals, objectives and priorities of support and protection of motherhood and childhood in the USSR are analyzed. The article attempts to comprehensively study the sources and channels, the specifics of the reproductive behavior of the population of Bashkiria. The features and dynamics of birth rate growth in the republic are studied. The main trends of social development, including regional ones, which had a special impact on the birth rate in the region, were identified. The subordination of the studied processes to the state policy of the USSR is shown. An approach is applied that assumes and is based on the disclosure of historically determined components that determined the specifics of birth rates in the territory of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Also in the center of attention and analysis are the totality of historical phenomena that were of great importance in relation to their influence on reproductive processes. Based on the analysis, the author's conclusion was formulated about the general historical patterns and trends in the development of population reproduction processes in the BASSR and pronounced regional features arising from the specifics of qualitative changes in reproductive practice that occurred in the context of the evolutionary and revolutionary demographic development of the republic's population.

Key words: birth rate, natural reproduction, population, reproductive practice, political power, age category, demographic indicators, children, statistical data, political and legal events.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.005

A.V. BREDIKHIN Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Researcher at the Center "Russia, China, the World", Moscow, Russia

CULTURAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL PERCEPTION OF EURASIAN IDEOLOGY IN MONGOLIA

In this article, special attention is paid to the problem of the development of the movement of Eurasianism: the main features and genesis are described. A unique feature of this movement is noted, which is manifested in the Asian component of the ethnic system of the Russian Federation. Within the framework of the research work, the traditional view of the Mongolian yoke as an important component of the historical basis of Russia is revised, special attention is paid to the culture and philosophy of modern Mongolia.

Key words: Mongolia, Eurasianism, Mongolian studies, culture, philosophy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.006

A.A. GUSEINOV Master, applicant for the degree of candidate of sciences Faculty of History of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

BAKU OIL AS ONE OF THE KEY FACTORS OF VICTORY IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

During the hostilities of 1941-1945. The Soviet Union showed its true power and greatness. Citizens of the USSR demonstrated true heroism, patriotism and selflessness in the struggle for the freedom and independence of their country. The working people were united by the Communist Party and inspired to fight against Nazi Germany. The people's strength, power and desire to win were fully revealed during the war. One of the manifestations of the great Soviet patriotism and heroism was the exploits of the workers of the Azerbaijan SSR, while the leading place among them was occupied by oil workers. They were in key sectors of the labor front and played a major role in the development of the oil industry, which ultimately had a positive impact on the country's economy. In connection with the foregoing, the author of this article made an attempt to scientific analysis and critical understanding of the role of Baku oil as one of the key factors for victory in the Great Patriotic War.

Key words: Azerbaijan during the Second World War, the role of Azerbaijan in the victory over fascism, Baku oil as a factor in the Victory, the contribution of Azerbaijani workers to the Victory, the labor front of the Azerbaijan SSR.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.007

DU GUOYING Doctor of Letters, School of Foreign Languages, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China

REN XINRU Postgraduate student of Harbin Polytechnic University, Harbin, China

THE SPREAD AND ACCEPTANCE OF SOVIET FILMS IN CHINA IN THE 1950S

At the beginning of the founding of New China, it faced important cultural construction tasks. As one of the important art forms, movies have received high attention from the Chinese government. Soviet films have become the object of study and exchange in China, and are praised as the model and direction of socialist cultural construction in new China. New China has taken various measures, combined with the needs of national political life, to introduce and promote Soviet films, and carried out various film cultural exchange activities. Using movies as a medium, the two countries have established a relationship of mutual attraction and development, jointly forming a new culture of the world.

Key words: New China, Cultural Construction, Film, Soviet film, cultural exchange, policy support, Socialist film industry.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.008

R.R. KILMAMATOV Intern-researcher of the Scientific and auxiliary Department of accounting and storage of funds R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research – OSP of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

FEATURES OF INTERNAL MIGRATION COSSACKS-MESHCHERYAKS IN THE SOUTHERN URALS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY

In this historical and ethnological study, first of all, on the basis of archival materials from the funds of the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as materials of a political, legal, statistical nature and the works of scientists of the XIX-XXI centuries, the problem of internal migration is considered on the example of the Cossacks-Mescheryaks – in connection with the frontier modernization of the Southern Urals and with the specifics of the military-the service status of this ethnic group of the population. The author, using a comparative analytical method, studied and compared the causes of internal migration during the cantonal period of administration in the province, when the authorities made a particularly strict accounting of all movements of representatives of service groups of the population. A systematic approach made it possible to consider the problem under study as an integral phenomenon and to identify the nuances of the procedure for obtaining permits for relocation, characterizing the features of the service and lifestyle of the Cossack Meshcheryaks.

Key words: Serving Mishars/Mishars, Cossacks-Mescheryaks, internal migration, military service status, cantons, cantonal system of administration, regimentation, frontier status.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.009

A.V. KULIKOV Graduate student in the Department of History Ulyanovsk State Ulyanov Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF THE RUSSIAN TSARIST GOVERNMENT ON THE REGIONAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM AS PART OF THE JUDICIAL REFORM OF 1864

In this work, an attempt was made to reveal the features of the judicial reform of 1864, carried out by the tsarist government, which fundamentally changed the judicial system, procedural and partly material law of the Russian Empire. It should be noted that democratic transformations in Russia, unlike other countries, were carried out selectively and did not concern all areas of the country's political life. The principles that in other countries received the right to exist only as a result of revolutions and found legislative consolidation in constitutions were proclaimed in Russia at the initiative of the government and for the first time legislated not at the constitutional level, but by judicial charters of 1864 – legislative acts that have reformed the judicial system and legal proceedings.

Key words: reform of Emperor Alexander II, internal policy of the government, restriction of democratic principles, institutions of judicial reform, foundations of the state system, legal proceedings, counter-reforms, judicial bodies, judicial cases, district courts, justices of the peace.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.010

O.A. MUZYCHENKO Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History of the Middle Ages and Modern Times, State University of Education, Mytishchi, Russia

THE NEWSPAPER "CHERNIGOV GUBERNSKIE VEDOMOSTI" AS A SOURCE ABOUT THE ECONOMIC LIFE AND PROPERTY OF THE LOWER CLASSES OF THE POPULATION OF STARODUB'E IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD

This article analyzes the content of newspaper announcements from the "Chernigov Gubernskiye Vedomosti", which was the official periodical of the Chernigov province of the Russian Empire. These announcements give a detailed description of the property and economy of the deceased people and debtors of Starodub'e. This information is important for study everyday life of the region.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the features of the economic life and property status of the lower classes of the Starodub'e in the post-reform period.

The article is based on the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity and was written using a microhistorical approach.

As a result of the study, it was revealed that the economic life and property of the population of Starodub'e differed depending on the class and place of residence. Merchants were in the most advantageous financial position. The philistines and Cossacks, in turn, owned one land plot with various buildings, including a vegetable garden, arable land and a garden. The peasantry of Starodub'e was in the most unfavorable property situation, having a land plot as their only value.

Key words: Gubernskie Vedomosti, periodicals, everyday life, Chernihiv province, Starodubye, peasants, philistines, merchants, Cossacks.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.011

A.A. MYAKOTIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of World History, international relations and documentation, Faculty of History of the Samara National Research University named after. Ak. S.P. Korolev, Samara, Russia

V.Sh. KANDELAKI Student of the Faculty of History, Samara National Research University. Ak. S.P. Korolev, Samara, Russia

WORK WITH CITIZENS' APPEALS IN THE PUBLIC RECEPTION OF THE DEPUTY OF THE STATE DUMA OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION A.E. KHINSHTEIN

The article discusses the organization and technology of office work on citizens' appeals in the Public Reception of the Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation A.E. Hinshtain. Methods were used to collect data: analysis of official documents of the organization (including accounting databases, statistical reporting), oral interview of employees, observation, photo of the working day. The specific and quantitative composition of documentation, methods and technologies of working with it, organization of statistical work on appeals, staffing of office work are characterized. Attention is focused on the shortcomings of the office management system and the possibilities of its optimization. In the public reception of A.I. Khinshtein, the general office work and work with citizens' appeals are not organizationally separated; part of the correspondence is registered together with the appeals. Incoming documents are registered in a "single stream"; it is advisable to introduce a separate registration of petitions, appeals of legal entities and foreign citizens. There are no organizational, legal and planning documents in the deputy reception: instructions for general and special office work, the nomenclature of cases; job descriptions have not been updated for more than 8 years. The following improvement measures are proposed: development and updating of local regulations, introduction of functional specialization of employees, changing the methodology of statistical analysis of citizens' appeals.

Key words: citizens' appeals, office work, deputy's reception, documented information, local regulatory act, information technology, statistical analysis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.012

M.A. NAGORNAYA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Humanitarian Disciplines of the Omsk Institute of Water Transport (branch) of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Siberian State University of Water Transport", Omsk, Russia

THE EDUCATIONAL POLICY IMPLEMENTATION PRACTICE IN THE WESTERN SIBERIA COLONIZED REGIONS IN THE LATE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES

The article identifies the Russian Empire educational policy main directions and principles regarding to the colonized Western Siberia regions population. The main attention is paid to the government practical activities in the educational policy implementation sphere among the region migrants. The factors influencing its implementation effectiveness in the context of the migrants placement and adaptation in new places are identified.

Key words: imperial space, Western Siberia, educational policy, peasant migration, migrants.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.013

K.A. NESTEROVA Competitor of the Department of Source Studies, specialist in educational and methodological work of the Department of the History of Russia in the XX-XXI centuries of the Faculty of History of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

PROJECTS OF THE NATIONAL AND FEDERAL STRUCTURE OF THE POST REVOLUTION "NEW RUSSIA" IN THE LEGACY OF MAXIM VINAVER (1862-1926)

Ethnic issues in Russia became particularly acute with the outbreak of the First World War and, complicated by the revolution and civil war, became a key problem for the country after 1917. There is still a certain gap in modern historiography in obtaining personalized knowledge about the liberal, failed forms of organization of post-revolutionary Russia, about the authors and their ways of reunifying the territories of the former multinational Russian Empire, based on the new principle of relations between peoples within a single state. In this article, the author made an attempt to reconstruct the views and ideas of a prominent liberal politician and lawyer of the early 20th century, a cadet and deputy of the first State Duma Maxim Moiseevich Vinaver, on the national question and on the question of the federal structure of the "new Russia" after the revolutions of 1917. Little-known sources that contain the views of the politician: materials of the Commission of the Special Conference for the preparation of a draft regulation on elections to the Constituent Assembly, reports and reports within the framework of political emigrant organizations, articles by M.M. Vinaver, as well as transcripts of the Cadet congresses are introduced in scientific circulation. The politician worked on drafting the device of the "new Russia", taking into account the "painful" needs of each nationality, and also put into practice his juridical and political experience. As a result of the development of his most optimal ideas about new forms of communication between different territories within one state, he called the federation, as a form of government, a compromise option. The author made some conclusions about the role of M.M. Vinaver for understanding the international situation at the beginning of the 20th century, about the intrastate interethnic relations of the center of the country with its periphery, and about the utopianism of M.M. Vinaver and the Cadets regarding the creation, on the basis of the broadest expression of the will of the people, of a state where various peoples and nationalities would voluntarily unite again around its center after the revolutionary upheavals that led to the collapse of the Russian Empire.

Key words: national question, M.M. Vinaver, federal structure, Russian Federation, Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Constituent Assembly, national-cultural autonomy, federalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.014

A.I. MAKINA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Fundamental Medicine, Khakas State University after N.F. Katanov», Abakan, Russia

KHAKASS TRADITIONS OF HUNTING ASSISTANCE

The archaic stage of the formation of social work is characterized by the existence of forms of assistance and mutual assistance in traditional societies of different peoples, including in the field of household activities. Household forms of assistance and mutual assistance among the Khakas covered all types of management, including fishing activities. The purpose of the study: to identify the existence of forms of assistance and mutual assistance in the traditional Khakass society during hunting. Objectives of the study: to characterize hunting as a commercial activity among the Khakass; to analyze some Khakass customs of assistance and mutual assistance in hunting. Research methods: systematic and comparative analysis. The period under study: the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. The results of the study: in the traditional Khakass society, in order to help relatives and members of the territorial community, there were traditions aimed at helping in fishing activities, in particular in hunting. These traditions made it possible to provide food for members of the hunting artel, as well as members of their families, to accustom the younger generation to fishing activities, the mysteries of hunting, which favorably influenced the life of the traditional Khakass society. Conclusions: the identification of the existence of traditions of economic assistance and mutual assistance in fishing activity determines the existence of a system of social assistance and support in the traditional Khakassia society, the archaic stage of the formation of social work as a social institution in the Republic of Khakassia.

Key words: mutual aid, hunting, assistance, fishing, clan, tribal community, territorial community, Khakassia, Khakass ethnos.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.015

N.D. POPOVICH Graduate student Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia

ENTREPRENEURS IN THE MOSCOW CITY DUMA (1897-1916): PERSONNEL

The article presents the participation of entrepreneurs in the Moscow City Duma (next referred to as «Mosgorduma») in pre-revolutionary period. The research of this problem is important for us because modern Russian entrepreneurship has a noticeable impact on development of the country (especially on the capital) and same situation was in the late XIX – early XX century, when the standard of living and improvement of Moscow were depended from local city government: for example, the development of transport or other priority issues. Our task is to analyze what role the business community played in the work of Mosgorduma: how many entrepreneurs were elected as deputies, who were these entrepreneurs and who among them had the most influence. For answer on these questions we learned the materials of the fund in the Central State Archive of Moscow – «Moscow City Duma and Uprava (1870-1917)». On their base we formed the registry with the entrepreneurs, who participated in the work of government authority during twenty years until the revolution in 1917 (or for the five terms of «Mosgorduma»).

Key words: Entrepreneurs, Moscow City Duma, convocations, deputies, social group, dynasties.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.016

R.R. SEITUMEROV Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia

SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN BANKING SYSTEM UNDER RESTRUCTURING

In the article, the authors tried to impartially analyze scientific research on the development of the country's banking system in modern conditions and came to the conclusion that there is no study combining the analysis of all aspects and results of the state policy pursued in relation to the country's banking system, which once again emphasizes the relevance of this article.

Key words: capital, loss, bankruptcy, banking institutions, assets, shares, credit and financial policy, economists, criticism, socio-economic consequences, banking system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.017

A.N. KHVASTOV Adjunct of the Prince Alexander Nevsky Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ORGANIZATION OF POLITICAL WORK AMONG GERMAN PRISONERS OF WAR IN THE USSR

This article examines the system of organizing political work among German prisoners of war in the USSR during World War II. A brief analysis is conducted of the measures taken to mobilize political support and involvement of German prisoners of war in ideological struggle. The article highlights various methods used for persuasion and propaganda, including the establishment of anti-fascist clubs, political lectures, and propaganda events.

Key words: army, Great Patriotic War, World War II, education, captivity, propaganda, prevention, Soviet Union, international humanitarian law.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.018

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Law, Professor, Moscow, Russia

REGULATION OF GENDER ISSUES IN THE CONTEXT OF RELIGION (IN MULTIPLE ARTICLES) Article Four

In the article, taking into account the growing trend of disregard for spiritual and moral values in the field of sex, the religious (Christian) foundations of sexual policy, philosophical and theological views on this issue are revealed, and proposals are formulated for regulating the problems that have arisen and are being formulated.

Key words: Constitution, Bible, God, God's Commandments, gender, man, woman, family, bisexuality, legislation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.019

WANG JIAXU Senior Lecturer оf Heilongjiang University, China Postgraduate Student, Department of Political Science, Institute of History and Politics, Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia

SCIENTIFIC CONTENT, MAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND VALUE CONSEQUENCES OF THE NEW WAY OF MODERNIZATION IN THE CHINESE STYLE

In today's transforming realities, modernization concepts that determine the formats for the development of developed and developing states are of particular importance. The new Chinese-style modernization path is of great importance in this context, as it forms models that are an effective alternative to other previously dominant mechanisms of state renewal and development. The scientific understanding of this path is relevant, as it allows us to identify its key components and form its holistic vision, which can become the basis for the practical adaptation of the principles of Chinese-style modernization in other states. The purpose of the article is to determine the scientific content, characteristics and values of Chinese-style modernization. Its novelty lies in the academic understanding of Chinese-style modernization and the identification of its unique components such as comprehensiveness, independence, its folk and scientific character, allowing its principles to be applied in the developing states of the modern world.

Key words: Modernization, New Chinese style upgrade path, Communist Party of China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.020

E.YA. DOBRYNINA Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy of politics and law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE "DIGITAL REVOLUTION" AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR MODERNITY (ANTHONY GIDDENS' VIEW)

The article focuses on the concept of the digital revolution as interpreted by Anthony Giddens. In Giddens' works, one can find not only studies devoted to deep transformations of the socio-political space but also an analysis of changes in the status of knowledge, ways of its further reproduction in a situation where the potential for the development of society has become determined by the amount of use, processing and dissemination of information. The article attempts to identify and describe the characteristic features of the new stage of modernity, as well as to clarify the relationship between the concepts of modernity and digital society.

Key words: digital society, information society, digital revolution, theory of modernity, modern society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.021

A.K. DENILKHANOV Cand. Sci. (Political Sciences), Assoc. Prof., Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, the Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Assos. Prof., Lomonosov MSU Business School, Moscow, Russia

TRANSFORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF «NATIONALISM» IN THE RUSSIAN LIBERAL DISCOURSE OF THE XIX-XXI CENTURIES

The rapidly developing events on the world stage and the new challenges caused by them require an appropriate response to them from not only the public authorities, but also the scientific community, perhaps even a revision of what seemed to be well-established theoretical positions, concepts and definitions. Today's collisions have caused the need for a new look at such a phenomenon as «nationalism». This, at first glance, an obvious concept has caused conflicting interpretations in society. The question suddenly and sharply arose: «Is this concept connected with national identity»? It became necessary to understand why nationalism arises as an extreme expression of national feeling, sharply aggravated in conflict situations. In a word, there is an obvious need to comprehend a whole range of problems related to the inevitability of determining personal attitudes and behavior in complex historical circumstances and processes. Since these problems are quite capaciously posed in the public consciousness, they have to be considered precisely in a wide range: patriotism – nationalism – xenophobia. In this regard, as a basic task, it is necessary to understand the attitude of the liberal worldview of the modern Russian society of acute conflicts of our time, which are frankly ideological in nature. Are there any attempts at a conceptual answer to these difficult questions? How did liberal leaders treat such situations and how do they treat them now? Of course, within the framework of this article, it is only possible to outline the contours of urgent problems and offer material for discussion. The concept of «nationalism» has been filled with new content over time and requires semantic analysis in accordance with the system of values that dominates the political agenda in this period.

Key words: nationalism, liberalism, patriotism, internationalism, national self-determination, ethnic nationalism, civic nationalism.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.022

E.I. OSTROUKH Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science Donetsk State University, Russia, Donetsk; postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO INTEGRATION OF CRIMEA WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article discusses the political and historical foundations for the entry of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The main stages of the formation of regional identity and local patriotism in Crimea are traced, the history of the region is analyzed in the context of its political and cultural connection with Russia. The author comes to the conclusion that not only historically, but also symbolically, the peninsula has always been associated with the Russian state, which largely contributed to the success of the integration of Crimea with the Russian Federation after 2014.

Key words: Crimea, integration, regional identity, local patriotism, referendum, civilization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.023

E.A. ZAKHAROV Master's student of the Educational program "Journalism and media technologies" IGSU RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

L.P. GOGINA Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of Business and Political journalism IGSU RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

INFORMATION SUPPORT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DOMESTIC NATIONAL POLICY

The study presents a brief historical excursion into the development of the national ideology of the Russian Federation; the retrospective approach ends with an appeal to a modern legislative act that regulates complex ethnic interactions in modern Russia. On the example of the activities of specific information portals, the leading role of the media in social mediation in establishing the cultural identification of Russian ethnic entities is considered; special attention is paid to the "Decrees ..." of the current president of the Russian Federation in the field of strengthening and regulating the national policy of the country. The central place in the study is occupied by the analysis of cooperation between information systems and the Federal Agency for Nationalities of the Russian Federation, regarding which specific statistical data are given. The conclusion is made about the importance of promoting ethnic identification through the media in a multinational and multi-confessional state.

Key words: national idea, national policy, FADN RF, "House of Peoples" RF, ethnic group, interethnic relations, VGTRK media holding, disclaimer, national propaganda.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.024

LIANG WEIYI Postgraduate student of the Higher School of Cultural Policy and management in the humanitarian sphere (faculty) Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

"COMMON SENSE EDUCATION" IN MODERN CHINESE EDUCATION

The curriculum in the Chinese class is very rich, but mainly liberal arts and sciences, which increase the number of students. In recent years, the proportion of accidents among Chinese students has been getting higher and higher. As a researcher in the field of education, whether the responsibility lies with the school or not, the school should maintain a humanitarian spirit to reflect and correct. Therefore, common sense education should be included in the list of core courses, like other cultural courses, so that students can fully master social common sense, life common sense, and natural science common sense before entering society, and better develop all-round talent towards healthy development that meets the needs of society.

Key words: common sense education, talent training, learning content, all-round talent, win-win education.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.025

GUAN' BOVEN' Postgraduate, Higher School of Cultural Policy and Management in the Humanities, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CULTURAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE GUIDELINES

This study analyzes the contemporary cultural policy of the Russian Federation in the context of globalization. The author gives a brief description of the globalization process in terms of the negative impact of Western countries, as well as international economic cooperation with an emphasis on cultural development. The article also defines the features of the culture of the Russian Federation, as well as the activities carried out by the state in order to resist the imposed liberal values. As a result, it was found that the formation of the cultural policy of the state is carried out on the basis of the social and cultural values of society, which have been formed throughout the history of the country. At the same time, cultural policy also consolidates their content, and also creates mechanisms for their preservation and transmission to future generations. The latter, i.e. mechanisms, should include the formation of the attitude of society and the state to the social and cultural values of Russia, as well as the formation of economic and organizational meters for the preservation and transmission of these values to future generations in their original form, undistorted by the globalization process, in which Currently, there is a liberalization of views and leveling of traditional values.

Key words: Russia, culture, politics, globalization, landmark, state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.026

A.S. KSHOV Postgraduate student of the Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Stavropol territory, Russia; chairman of the Regional branch in the Stavropol territory of the political party "Party of progress", Mineralnye Vody, Stavropol Territory, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL PROGRAMS OF THE LEADING POLITICAL PARTIES OF THE MODERN RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Introduction. Political parties are the leading public political institutions seeking to influence all spheres of society. The programmatic and functional success of a political party depends on the preferences of the electorate, which, in turn, depends on how representative and relevant the political program of a particular party is. The political program is considered as the main component of the ideological and functional complex of a political party. In this regard, a comparative analysis of the political programs of the leading political parties of the modern Russian Federation is of interest, since it allows differentiating the differences and similarities of political parties in their vision of the future of the political system and their place in it, as well as clarifying the similarities and differences of their positions on the main problems of Russian society.

Purpose and objectives. The purpose of this work is to compare the provisions of the current political programs of the leading political parties of the modern Russian Federation. The tasks of this work include: 1) identify the criteria of the leading political party; 2) identify the blocks of comparative analysis; 3) conduct a comparative analysis of political programs with the identification of differences and similarities in program documents.

Methods. The achievement of the research goal and the successful resolution of the tasks set were carried out using the methods of political analysis. The content and discourse analysis of the following political programs was carried out: "The People's Program of United Russia", "The Program of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation".

Results. As a result of the study, it was possible to compare the main program provisions of United Russia and the Communist Party, as well as to identify their differences and similarities.

Conclusions. The current political programs of the leading political parties of the modern Russian Federation, with some contradictions, are generally conventional in nature, primarily due to common goals and program provisions in the social and cultural spheres.

Key words: political program, political party, leading political parties, program slogans, social state, nationalization, ideology, ideological and functional programming.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.027

D.V. POTAPOV Postgraduate student of the Institute of Social and Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute for Socio-Political Research RAS, Moscow, Russia

CHANGES IN THE POLITICAL REGIME IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TRANSIT PARADIGMA

In the article, based on the statistical material of changes in political regimes in various countries of the world from 1900 to 2022, the indices of democracy and autocracy are analyzed. The introduction presents the features of the transit of political regimes. The purpose of the article was to assess the changes in political regimes in the period under review. The objectives of the article were to study changes in democracies and autocracies and transitions from one political regime to another. The results showed that in the last 10 years, the transition from democracies to autocracies has increased on all continents, especially in Africa and Asia. 80% of democracies will end if this dynamic of autocracies continues.

Key words: autocracy, democracy, political regime, transit of political regimes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.028

А.K. RUZAVINA Senior Lecturer at the Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russia

YOUTH EXTREMISM – THREATS AND CHALLENGES FOR MODERN RUSSIA

The article examines the causes of escalation of youth extremism in modern Russia in the conditions of special military operation in Ukraine, and a set of measures implemented by state authorities to counteract the involvement of young people in extremist activities. At the beginning of the work, we justify the relevance of the topic of research – the spread of extremism among young people as a category of citizens most exposed to destructive influence from the outside. The author analyses extremist crimes in recent years and compares growth of such crimes. We examine the statistical data submitted by sociological services of Russia which reflects the dynamics of protest moods development in the country against the background of special military operation. The article shows separate manifestations of extremism related to the current political situation in the state. Thus, the article contains materials of official legal services of the state, on the basis of which the author analysed specific cases of criminal practice in various regions of Russia. This data supports the author's opinion on the emergence and development of new forms and types of extremism among young people under conditions of new social reality in the state caused by a special military operation. As a result of reviewing the materials for this paper, we formulated substantiated conclusions on the current state and development of extremism among young people, and proposed recommendations regarding the prevention and neutralization of this type of threat to the security of the Russian Federation at the present stage of development.

Key words: extremism, youth extremism, terrorism, countering extremism, threats, special military operation, Russia.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.029

M.Ya. VLASOV Postgraduate Student, Department of History and Theory of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Russia, Moscow

PROSPECTS FOR ATOMOCITY, INDIVIDUAL CITY AND PROJECT CITY: THE IMPACT OF NEW CONCEPTS ON THE FUTURE OF URBANIZATION

This scientific article examines the prospects of Atomic cities, Single-industry towns and Project cities in the context of the urbanization of the future. The article analyzes the advantages and limitations of each concept, and also examines their impact on the economy, ecology and social sphere. Such aspects as sustainable energy, innovation, risk management, social integration and citizen participation are considered. The article discusses the importance of creating a favorable investment environment, tourism development and attracting international projects within the framework of these urban concepts. In addition, the article emphasizes the role of state regulation and public-private partnership in the successful implementation of promising urban projects. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach to urbanization, taking into account economic, environmental and social aspects.

Key words: Atomgrady, Single-industry towns, Projectgrady, urbanization, economy, ecology, social sphere, sustainability, innovation, risk management, social integration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.030

U.A. MAMAEVA Candidate of Science in History, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Sciences, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

M.E. RODIONOVA Candidate of Science in Sociology, Associate Professor, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Political Sciences, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

RISKY TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE

The sustainable development of the country (social, economic and scientific) depends on education. The purpose of the study is to identify risk-related trends in the functioning and development of education in Russia. The authors identified priority areas of educational state policy, presented an analysis of the practical implementation of reforms at various levels of education, and also identified risk-related trends and new opportunities for the system. Currently, the field of education is the most important source of resources for the formation of a new economy and society, has a high competitiveness and affects the national security of any state. This article will be of interest to students, employees of higher educational institutions, as well as university teachers in the field of humanities.

Key words: education system, public policy, human capital, risks in education, risk management.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.031

M.A. NIKULIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Assistant of Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

A.E. EFREMENKOVA Student of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

A.V. GAVRILKIN Student of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

E.S. BRODSKAYA Student of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE POLITICAL VIEWS OF N. SARKOZY, F. HOLLANDE AND E. MACRON ON THE EUROPEAN VECTOR OF FRENCH FOREIGN POLICY

The article is devoted to the quantitative assessment of the political views of N. Sarkozy, F. Hollande and E. Macron on the european vector of french foreign policy by conducting a content-analysis of the speeches of the three presidents on the occasion of the opening of the annual Conferences of Ambassadors. During these Conferences, the presidents set the vector of the work of modern french diplomacy, voice the priorities and tasks of foreign policy in changing geopolitical space. In the course of the study the authors come to the conclusion that in the framework of changing geopolitical space in the international arena the idea of "gaullism", whose adherents were the presidents considered in the article, has acquired a new form, and therefore the priority directions of the state's foreign policy have undergone appropriate adjustments.

Key words: foreign policy, content-analysis, French diplomacy, quantitative assessment, politics of the Fifth Republic, Conference of Ambassadors.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.032

E.P. MAKAROV Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate Professor of the department Philosophy, social sciences and humanities, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia

M.V. KUROCHKIN Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate Professor of the department General history, law and teaching methods, Samara State Social and Pedagogical University, Samara, Russia

PROBLEMS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE BRITISH AUTHORITIES AND THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF NORTH AMERICA AFTER THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR OF 1754-1763

The study is focused on the analysis of the military-political situation in the North American colonies of Great Britain that developed after the end of the French and Indian War of 1754-1763. A separate analysis is the relationship between the military-political, trade-financial and socio-economic components of British colonial policy, in relation to the gradual deterioration of stability between the authorities of the metropolis and the political elite and the political nation of the British colonies of North America.

Key words: French and Indian War, indigenous peoples, Indian tribes, Great Britain, North America, colonial policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.033

MASOUD MOSTAJERAN GORTANI Postgraduate student of the Department of Global Studies, Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

R.R. GABDULLIN Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Global Studies, Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

A.S. ROZHENKO Student of the Department of Corporate Governance and Innovation of the Higher School of Management of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia

IMPACT OF NATURAL GAS ON THE REVISION OF THE CONCEPT OF ENERGY DIPLOMACY OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

The purpose of this work is to determine the necessary changes in the energy (namely gas) diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran due to a number of economic, political and strategic factors. The main objectives of this study are to explore the present geostrategic position of Iran and its closest neighbors in the Middle East, to consider the approaches to gas diplomacy used by the Islamic Republic at the moment, to analyze opportunities and threats to the realization of the national interests of the state in question, to form strategic proposals that take into account the current conditions of the regional energy equation. In this study, the meta-analysis technique is actively used to solve the questions posed. In addition, classical methodological tools such as synthesis, deduction, etc. are also used. As the main result of the study, it was found that Iran has faced the possibility of expanding its influence in the region through the proper use of its own geographical location. The strategic solution is to start purchasing natural gas from neighboring countries, such as Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Qatar, and become a transit hub between energy producers and consumers in the Middle East. However, in addition to the opportunity that has opened up, the Islamic Republic faces an acute threat of a shortage of gas resources for the realization of its own national interests. In this regard, the revision of Iran's energy policy is not a choice, but an indisputable necessity.

Key words: energy diplomacy, natural gas, opportunity, export, import.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.034

D.B. TURUSBEKOV Director of the Organizational Support and Protocol Department of the Eurasian Economic Commission, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE AND PLACE OF THE EAEU IN THE FOREIGN ECONOMIC STRATEGY OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

The article provides a retrospective analysis of Kyrgyzstan's foreign trade activity after joining the Eurasian Economic Union, highlights the features of changes in the sectoral structure of trade, and shows the country's preferences for export activity. The advantages of participation in the EAEU, such as the elimination of customs and tariff restrictions, a free labour market, preferential access to investment and transport development, are highlighted separately. The identified disadvantages include potential risks to the Kyrgyz economy due to the presence of larger economies in the EAEU and, consequently, a possible decrease in the competitiveness of domestic industries, as well as restrictions on decision-making rights in matters under the authority of the EAEU. The study details the objectives of Kyrgyzstan's participation in the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as the interim results to date. The analysis is based on statistical data from the Eurasian Economic Commission, the supranational regulatory body of the EAEU.

Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that Kyrgyzstan (just like other states of the Eurasian Economic Union) is interested in further development and intensification of a coordinated foreign economy policy within the framework of the integration association, which is necessary for the progressive development of trade and economic and, consequently, political ties between its members. A coordinated foreign policy of the EAEU states will make it possible to overcome economic heterogeneities within the Union and make its economic space more transparent and homogeneous. Another important conclusion of the article is the thesis that membership in the EAEU objectively contributes to increasing the international weight of the Kyrgyz Republic, improving its image in the international arena and, as a consequence, better and more active promotion of its national interests on a regional and global scale. The diversification of the EAEU's foreign economic relations is also of great importance – in particular, Kyrgyzstan supports the Union's initiative to establish a free trade zone with Iran, and in the future – with other members of the international community.

Key words: Eurasian Economic Union, foreign policy, Kyrgyz Republic, economic integration, trade relations, foreign economic strategy of the Kyrgyz Republic.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.035

A.M. STAROSTIN Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Leading Researcher, RGEU (RINH), Rostov-on-Don, Russia

E.N. TOVANCHOVA Ph.D. polit. Sciences, Associate Professor Rostov State University means of communication (RGUPS), Rostov-on-Don, Russia

CRYPTO INNOVATIONS AS A CONCEPT AND PRACTICAL TOOL OF MODERN TERRORISM

The article analyzes the phenomenon of crypto-innovations: innovations used in a closed register of socio-political activity and subsequent tasks to provide a political, economic, social advantage to the subject-owner in the competitive struggle. The classification of the most large-scale areas of application is given, the threats and risks of crypto-innovations are shown. The authors dwell in detail on the analysis of the features of the use of crypto-innovations in the information and communication field of activity.

Key words: national security, innovation activity, NBICS-converging paradigm, crypto-innovation, state terrorism, crypto-currencies, cryptographic services, transparency, restrictiveness.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.036

M.M. ASEIKIN Master student of the department of foreign regional studies and international cooperation of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

In this work, the author presents a detailed analysis of the current state of humanitarian cooperation between Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation, as well as explores possible directions for future development of this cooperation. The main research tools employed in the study are the up-to-date results of the annual monitoring of friendly communication regimes between the countries in 2022, which help reflect the current situation of cooperation between Russia and Azerbaijan. The work analyzes the practical activities of non-governmental and non-profit organizations in Azerbaijan and their influence on the state and development of relations between Azerbaijan and Russia. Special attention is given to the role of Western countries in humanitarian cooperation with Russia and Azerbaijan. The role of Western organizations as a potential source of financing for humanitarian programs implemented by Russian and Azerbaijani organizations is examined. The author of the work indicates that the experience of Western countries can be valuable for Russia and Azerbaijan in establishing effective work of their own non-governmental and non-profit organizations within the framework of humanitarian cooperation. The interaction between the organizations of these countries will lead to significant achievements in humanitarian cooperation, as Western non-governmental and non-profit organizations can complement the activities of Russian and Azerbaijani organizations, enhancing the positive effects of this cooperation. Thus, this work offers a comprehensive analysis of the influence of Western non-governmental and non-profit organizations on the humanitarian sector of Azerbaijan and describes the current state and potential directions for the development of cooperation in the context of relations with Russia.

Key words: non-governmental organizations, non-profit organizations, humanitarian sector, international cooperation, humanitarian cooperation, humanitarian relations, humanitarian projects, humanitarian programs, foreign policy, soft power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.037

E.N. ZINOVEVA Student of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

THE CURRENT AGENDA OF MINOR PARTIES IN GERMANY

This article defines the concept of a minor party in the context of the party system of the Federal Republic of Germany. The fundamental features and peculiarities of minor parties are analyzed. The classification of the largest minor parties in Germany according to the ideological platform is proposed. The article examines the political agenda of minor parties in Germany, that is reflected in their election programs, at the present stage. The views of the parties on issues of both foreign and domestic policy of the state are investigated. It is concluded that currently fragmentation of the German party system and its shift to the right on the political spectrum is observed, which could affect the results of regional elections in the future.

Key words: German party system, political agenda, minor parties, Bundestag, European Parliament, Landtag.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.100.7.038

D.S. MYASNIKOV Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

M.S. ERMOLAEVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE IDEALIZED IMAGE OF XI JINPING AS AN INDICATOR OF CHANGES IN NARROW CHINESE SOCIETY: FORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND STRUCTURES IN THE MASS MEDIA

In the context of globalization and increased competition between states in various fields, one of the important factors is the image of political leaders personifying certain countries. As one of the largest economic and political powers in the world with a rich culture and history, China seeks to secure high prestige for itself by attracting the attention of the international community to achieve certain goals. The idealized image of the leader, used in China for quite some time by many political figures at the head of the country, plays an important role in this process, as it can help strengthen the authority of the state and leadership, as well as increase public confidence in the government.

Therefore, the study of the need to identify and study the technological features of the formation of an idealized image of a leader in the political communication of modern China is of particular scientific and practical relevance, since it is thanks to political and communication technologies that it is possible to create the image of a strong and authoritative leader – Xi Jinping, who is at the head of the Communist Party and is trying to maintain social and political stability.

Key words: Xi Jinping, China, internal politics, mass media, Chinese society, political and communication technologies, CCP, idealized image.